CN113853921B

CN113853921B - Automatic row aligning, digging and pre-sorting device of crawler self-propelled potato harvester

Info

Publication number: CN113853921B
Application number: CN202111336404.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏忠彩; 李晓晖; 苏国粱; 李学强; 孟鹏祥; 金诚谦; 王法明; 梁希成; 王兴欢; 程修沛; 张祥彩; 王宪良; 杨振宇; 马宁宁
Original assignee: Shandong Sidaier Agricultural Equipment Co ltd; Shandong University of Technology
Current assignee: Shandong Sidaier Agricultural Equipment Co ltd; Shandong University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-11-12
Filing date: 2021-11-12
Publication date: 2023-02-24
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-12
Also published as: CN113853921A

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic row-aligning digging and pre-sorting device of a crawler self-propelled potato harvester, which is characterized in that: the pre-sorting frame is fixed with a lug II, a lug III, a lug IV, a carrier roller I, a carrier roller II and a vibrating wheel, a plurality of groups of sorting rods and baffle rods in each group are fixed at two ends of an endless belt to form a sorting sieve, one end of the sorting sieve is hung on a plum blossom wheel of the sorting device, the other end of the sorting sieve is hung on the carrier roller I of the pre-sorting frame, the upper section of the sorting sieve is supported on the carrier roller I, the vibrating wheel and part of the carrier rollers II, and the lower section of the sorting sieve is supported on other carrier rollers II; two ends of the digging device are arranged on the pre-sorting frame, and the opposite-running device provided with the cutting disc and the opposite-running wheel is hinged on the pre-sorting frame; the opposite-row digging and pre-sorting device is hinged at the tail end of the sorting frame, and a cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the pre-sorting frame. The invention has accurate alignment, high operation efficiency and low damage rate to the potato.

Description

Automatic row aligning, digging and pre-sorting device of crawler self-propelled potato harvester

Technical Field

The invention provides an automatic row-aligning digging and pre-sorting device of a crawler self-propelled potato harvester, belongs to modern agricultural machinery equipment, and is mainly used for harvesting mature potatoes.

Background

Hilly mountain areas are domestic important potato growing areas. Although the domestic potato sectional harvesting mechanization and the domestic potato combined harvesting mechanization have achieved certain progress, the potato planting machine is not suitable for large and medium-sized potato harvesters to carry out underground operation for potato planting in hilly and mountainous areas. For special planting conditions such as heavy soil conditions, small broken fields, hilly and mountain slope lands, multi-stone land blocks and the like, a better harvesting effect is difficult to obtain only by the existing potato harvester, and the practical problems of ' existence of machines, incapability of using ' machines, existence of machines, incapability of using ' and the like exist. The digging mechanism of the existing potato harvester has poor line aligning accuracy and low operation efficiency, so that an automatic line aligning digging and pre-sorting device of a crawler self-propelled potato harvester which has the advantages of accurate line aligning, high operation efficiency and low damage rate to potatoes and skin breaking rate is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an automatic row-aligning excavating and pre-sorting device of a crawler self-propelled potato harvester, which can overcome the problems in the existing agricultural machinery equipment industry and has the advantages of accurate row alignment, high operation efficiency and low damaged potato and peel rate.

The technical scheme is as follows: the pre-sorting device comprises a pre-sorting frame, a sorting sieve, an excavating device and a line aligning device, wherein the pre-sorting frame comprises a pre-sorting vertical plate, a cross beam VI, a connecting rod, a U-shaped rod, a lug II, a lug III, a lug IV, a mud scraper, a carrier roller I, a carrier roller II and a vibrating wheel, one end of the pre-sorting vertical plate is in a sharp-angled shape, the middle part of the other end far away from the sharp-angled shape is provided with a pin shaft, 2 pre-sorting vertical plates are close to the pin shaft and are fixedly connected through the cross beam VI at one side of the pin shaft close to the sharp-angled shape, the plate surfaces of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates are mutually parallel and aligned in the sharp angle, one ends of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates in the sharp-angled shape are fixedly connected through the connecting rod, 2U-shaped side rods of the U-shaped rod are respectively fixed at one side edge of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates close to the connecting rod, and 2 lugs II are fixed at the U-shaped bottom of the U-shaped rod, the lug II faces the direction far away from the pre-sorting vertical plate, the surface of the lug II is parallel to the surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate, the edge of one side of a U-shaped rod fixed in the middle of each pre-sorting vertical plate 2 is respectively fixed with 1 lug III, the surface of the lug III is parallel to the surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate, the middle of a cross beam VI is fixed with 2 lugs IV facing the direction far away from the U-shaped rod, the surface of the lug IV is parallel to the surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate, the end parts, close to the sharp-corner shape, of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates are respectively provided with 1 carrier roller I, the two ends of a connecting rod are respectively provided with 1 mud scraping plate close to the pre-sorting vertical plate, the mud scraping plates face the direction of the carrier roller I, the inner side surfaces of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates are respectively provided with a plurality of carrier rollers II, and the inner side surfaces in the middle of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates are respectively provided with 1 vibrating wheel; the sorting screen comprises sorting rods, ring belts and stop rods, wherein one end of each straight rod-shaped sorting rod is bent and then bent into a straight rod again in the direction opposite to the first bending direction, the bent straight rod is parallel to the rod body part of the sorting rod, the other end of the sorting rod is bent and then bent into a straight rod again in the direction opposite to the first bending direction, the bent straight rod is coaxial with the straight rod bent at the other end of the sorting rod, a plurality of groups of sorting rods with multiple sorting rods are uniformly fixed on the outer sides of 2 ring belts in a circular ring shape through the straight rods at two ends, the rod body part of each sorting rod faces the inner side of the ring belt, the center distance between every two adjacent 2 sorting rods is equal to 2 times of the center distance between every two adjacent 2 sorting rods in each group of sorting rods, the two ends of the stop rods with the same number as the sorting rods are respectively fixed on the outer sides of the 2 ring belts, and each stop rod is respectively positioned between every two adjacent 2 sorting rods; one end of an assembled sorting sieve is hung on 2 plum blossom wheels of a driving device arranged on a walking mechanism of a potato harvester and a sorting frame of the sorting device, the other end of the assembled sorting sieve is hung on 2 carrier rollers I arranged on a pre-sorting vertical plate of the pre-sorting frame, the inner annular surface of an annular belt at the upper section of the sorting sieve is supported on the 2 carrier rollers I and 2 vibrating wheels arranged on a separating vertical plate of the sorting frame and the 2 vibrating wheels arranged on the pre-sorting vertical plate of the pre-sorting frame, the annular belt is also supported on the separating vertical plate arranged on the walking mechanism of the potato harvester and the sorting frame of the sorting device and a part of carrier rollers II arranged on the pre-sorting vertical plate of the pre-sorting frame, and the outer annular surface of the annular belt at the lower section of the sorting sieve is supported on other carrier rollers II; the excavating device comprises an excavating shovel, a triangular plate and guide rods, wherein 1 triangular plate is respectively arranged at two ends of the excavating shovel, a plurality of guide rods are uniformly arranged on the edge of the other side, away from the cutting edge, of the excavating shovel along the length direction of the excavating shovel, the length direction of each guide rod is vertical to the length direction of the excavating shovel, the plane of each guide rod is superposed with the plate surface of the excavating shovel, the excavating device is arranged between the sharp-angled end parts of 2 pre-sorting vertical plates of the pre-sorting frame through the triangular plates at the two ends, and the cutting edge of the excavating shovel faces the direction away from the cross beam VI; the line aligning device comprises a cutting assembly, a line aligning assembly and an adjusting assembly, wherein the cutting assembly comprises a U-shaped frame, a lug V, a U-shaped lug II, a supporting rod and a cutting disc, 2 lugs V are fixed on one side surface of the bottom of a U-shaped groove of the U-shaped frame, the plate surface of the lug V is parallel to a U-shaped side arm of the U-shaped frame, 2U-shaped lugs II are respectively fixed at the end parts of 2U-shaped side arms of the U-shaped frame through the outer surface of the bottom of the U-shaped groove of the U-shaped lug II, the plate surface of the U-shaped lug II is parallel to the plate surface of the lug V, one end of each 2 supporting rod is respectively fixed at the inner side of the joint of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame and the U-shaped side arm, 2 supporting rods are vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame, the plane where the 2 supporting rods are located is parallel to the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame, the 2 supporting rods are symmetrically arranged relative to the U-shaped frame through the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame and are vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame, the inner sides of the other ends of the 2 support rods are respectively provided with a cutting disc in a shape of a shallow disc, the disc openings of the 2 cutting discs are outwards arranged, the 2 cutting discs are symmetrically arranged relative to a symmetrical plane which is formed by the U-shaped frame passing through the center of the bottom of a U-shaped groove of the U-shaped frame and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame, the distance between the edges of the disc openings of the 2 cutting discs is in an inclined state of 'being close to one side of the fixed end of the support rod and one side of the fixed end of the U-shaped frame and being far away from one side of the fixed end of the support rod and one side of the fixed end of the U-shaped frame', the opposite row components comprise L-shaped rods, six square pipes, lock pins and opposite row wheels, the L-shaped rods with shorter lengths are provided with a plurality of transverse holes, the 2L-shaped rods are respectively inserted into the two ends of the six square pipes through the rods with shorter lengths and are locked through the 2 lock pins, and the 2L-shaped rods with longer lengths are positioned in the same plane, namely, a combination body formed by 1 piece of six-square tube and 2 pieces of L-shaped rod is in a U-shaped shape and is fixed on the outer side surface of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame of the cutting assembly through the outer side surface of the six-square tube, a symmetrical plane which passes through the center of the six-square tube in the length direction of the U-shaped combination body and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped combination body is superposed with a symmetrical plane which passes through the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame, the obtuse angle formed by the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped combination body and the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame is 120 degrees +/-10 degrees, the 2 pieces of L-shaped rod are positioned on one side of the cutting disc relative to the U-shaped frame, the tail end of the 2 pieces of L-shaped rod with longer length, which is far away from the six-square tube, is respectively provided with 1 pair of running wheels, the 2 paired wheels are symmetrically arranged relative to a symmetrical plane which is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and is formed by the 1 hexagonal tube and the 2L-shaped rods through the center of the U-shaped assembly in the length direction of the hexagonal tube, the distance between the edges of the 2 paired wheels is in an inclined state of being large at one side close to the hexagonal tube and small at one side far from the hexagonal tube in the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and being small at one side close to a cutting disc and large at one side far from the cutting disc in the length direction of the hexagonal tube in the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly, the adjusting assembly comprises an adjusting rod, an adjusting pin, a locking nut, an adjusting hand wheel and a supporting tube, a shaft shoulder is arranged in the middle of the adjusting rod, an external thread is arranged at one end of the adjusting rod, one end of the adjusting rod provided with the external thread is screwed into a transverse screw hole in the middle of the adjusting pin, and the two ends of the adjusting pin are supported on 2V-shaped lugs of the cutting assembly, the end, provided with the external thread, of the adjusting rod faces to one side of the U-shaped lug II far away from the cutting assembly, the external thread end of the adjusting rod penetrates through the extending end of the adjusting pin and is locked through a locking nut, then an adjusting hand wheel is fixed, the other end, far away from the external thread, of the adjusting rod is inserted into the supporting pipe hole, the combined body of the cutting assembly and the line aligning assembly of the line aligning device is hinged to 2 lugs III of the pre-sorting frame through 2U-shaped lugs II of the cutting assembly, the tail end, far away from the adjusting pin, of the supporting pipe of the adjusting assembly of the line aligning device is hinged between 2 lugs II of the pre-sorting frame, and the cutting disc and the line aligning wheel of the line aligning device are positioned on one side close to the excavating device; the assembled opposite-row excavating and pre-sorting device is hinged to the J-shaped tail end of the 2 separating vertical plates of the support of the sorting frame through a pin shaft at the middle part of one end, far away from the sharp-angled shape, of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates of the pre-sorting frame, and a lug IV fixed at the middle part of a cross beam VI of the pre-sorting frame and a motor arranged on a J-shaped straight line section of the separating vertical plate of the support of the sorting frame are positioned on the same side.

On the basis of the prior art, one end of a pre-sorting vertical plate of a pre-sorting frame is in a sharp-angled shape, and the middle of the other end, far away from the sharp-angled shape, of the pre-sorting vertical plate is provided with a pin shaft; the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates are close to the pin shaft and are fixedly connected with one side of the pin shaft, which is close to the sharp-angle shape, through a cross beam VI, and the plate surfaces of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates are parallel to each other and the sharp angles are aligned; one end of each of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates in a sharp-angled shape is fixedly connected through a connecting rod, and 2 sections of U-shaped side rods of the U-shaped rods are respectively fixed at the edge of one side of each of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates, which is close to the connecting rod; 2 lugs II are fixed at the U-shaped bottom of the U-shaped rod, face away from the pre-sorting vertical plate and are parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate; the middle part of each of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates is fixed with a U-shaped rod, one side edge of each of the two pre-sorting vertical plates is fixed with 1 lug III, the plate surfaces of the lugs III are parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate, the middle part of the cross beam VI is fixed with 2 lugs IV towards the direction far away from the U-shaped rod, and the plate surfaces of the lugs IV are parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate; 2 divide in advance to sort the riser and be close to the tip that is the closed angle shape and respectively be equipped with 1 bearing roller I, the connecting rod both ends are close to sort riser department in advance and respectively are equipped with 1 mud scraper, and the mud scraper is towards the direction of bearing roller I, respectively are equipped with many bearing rollers II on the inboard face of 2 separation risers, respectively are equipped with 1 vibrating pulley on the inboard face at 2 vertical sorting plate middle parts in advance. The sorting rod of the sorting screen is in a straight rod shape, one end of the sorting rod is bent and then bent into a straight rod again in the direction opposite to the first bending direction, and the bent straight rod is parallel to the rod body part of the sorting rod; after the other end of the sorting rod is bent, the other end of the sorting rod is bent again to form a straight rod in the direction opposite to the first bending direction, and the bent straight rod is coaxial with the straight rod bent at the other end of the sorting rod; the annular belt made of elastic materials is in a ring shape, a plurality of groups of sorting rods in each group are uniformly fixed on the outer sides of 2 annular belts through straight rods at two ends, rod bodies of the sorting rods face the inner side of the annular belt, and the center distance of 2 sorting rods closest to the sorting rods in the adjacent 2 groups is equal to 2 times of the center distance of the adjacent 2 sorting rods in the sorting rods in each group; two ends of the stop levers with the same number as the sorting levers are respectively fixed on the outer sides of the 2 annular belts, and each stop lever is respectively positioned between every two adjacent 2 groups of sorting levers. One end of the assembled sorting sieve is hung on 2 plum blossom wheels of a driving device arranged on a walking mechanism of the potato harvester and a sorting frame of a sorting device of the sorting device, and the other end of the assembled sorting sieve is hung on 2 carrier rollers I arranged on a pre-sorting vertical plate of the pre-sorting frame; the inner annular surface of the annular belt of the upper sorting screen section is supported on 2 carrier rollers I and 2 vibrating wheels which are arranged on a separating vertical plate of a sorting frame of the sorting device and 2 vibrating wheels which are arranged on a pre-sorting vertical plate of the pre-sorting frame, and is also supported on the separating vertical plate of the sorting frame arranged on the sorting device and a part of carrier rollers II which are arranged on the pre-sorting vertical plate of the pre-sorting frame, and the outer annular surface of the annular belt of the lower sorting screen section is supported on other carrier rollers II. Two ends of a digging shovel of the digging device are respectively provided with 1 triangular plate, the edge of the other side of the digging shovel, which is far away from the cutting edge, is uniformly provided with a plurality of guide rods along the length direction of the digging shovel, the length direction of each guide rod is vertical to the length direction of the digging shovel, and the plane of each guide rod is superposed with the plate surface of the digging shovel; the digging device is arranged between the sharp-angled end parts of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates of the pre-sorting frame through triangular plates at two ends, and the cutting edge of the digging shovel faces the direction far away from the cross beam VI. 2 lugs V are fixed on one side surface of the bottom of a U-shaped groove of a U-shaped frame of a cutting assembly of the row aligning device, and the plate surface of each lug V is parallel to a U-shaped side arm of the U-shaped frame; the 2U-shaped lugs II are respectively fixed at the end parts of 2U-shaped side arms of the U-shaped frame through the outer surfaces of the bottoms of the U-shaped grooves of the U-shaped lugs II, and the plate surfaces of the U-shaped lugs II are parallel to the plate surface of the lug V; one end of each of 2 support rods is respectively fixed at the inner side of the joint of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame and the U-shaped side arm, the 2 support rods are vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame, the plane of the 2 support rods is parallel to the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame, and the 2 support rods are symmetrically arranged relative to the U-shaped frame through the symmetrical plane of the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame and vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame; the other end inboard of 2 bracing pieces all is equipped with the dish that cuts off that is "shallow dish" shape, and 2 the dish mouth that cuts off the dish all outwards, 2 cut off the dish and put up the U-shaped groove bottom center through the U-shaped frame for the U-shaped, with the U-shaped plane looks vertically symmetrical plane symmetrical arrangement of U-shaped frame, and 2 the distance that cuts off between the dish mouth edge of dish is "big near bracing piece and the stiff end one side of U-shaped frame, keep away from the bracing piece and the stiff end one side little" tilt state along the length direction of bracing piece length direction. A plurality of transverse holes are formed in the shorter-length rod of the L-shaped rod of the opposite-row component, and 2L-shaped rods are respectively inserted into two ends of the hexagonal pipe through the shorter-length rod and are locked through 2 lock pins; 2 rods with longer L-shaped rods are positioned in the same plane, namely a combination body formed by 1 six square tubes and 2L-shaped rods is in a U shape and is fixed on the outer side surface of the bottom of a U-shaped groove of a U-shaped frame of the cutting assembly through the outer side surface of the six square tubes; the U-shaped assembly formed by 1 six square tubes and 2L-shaped rods is superposed with the symmetrical plane of the U-shaped frame which passes through the center of the U-shaped frame and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly, wherein the symmetrical plane of the U-shaped frame which passes through the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame; the obtuse angle formed by the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame is 120 degrees +/-10 degrees, and the 2L-shaped rods are positioned on one side of the cutting disc relative to the U-shaped frame; the tail end of the 2L-shaped rods, which is long in length, far away from the six-square tube, is respectively provided with 1 counter wheel, the 2 counter wheels are symmetrically arranged relative to a symmetrical plane, perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly, of the U-shaped assembly formed by the 1 six-square tube and the 2L-shaped rods through the center of the length direction of the six-square tube of the U-shaped assembly, the distance between the edges of the 2 counter wheels is in an inclined state of being large close to one side of the hexagonal tube and small far away from one side of the hexagonal tube in the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and in the length direction perpendicular to the hexagonal tube, and the inclined state of being small close to one side of the cutting disk and large far away from one side of the cutting disk in the U-shaped plane direction perpendicular to the U-shaped assembly and in the length direction perpendicular to the hexagonal tube. A shaft shoulder is arranged in the middle of an adjusting rod of the adjusting assembly, an external thread is arranged at one end of the adjusting rod, the end of the adjusting rod provided with the external thread is screwed into a transverse screw hole in the middle of an adjusting pin, two ends of the adjusting pin are supported on 2 lugs V of the cutting assembly, and the end of the adjusting rod provided with the external thread faces to one side of a U-shaped lug II far away from the cutting assembly; the external thread end of the adjusting rod penetrates through the extending end of the adjusting pin and is locked through the locking nut, then the adjusting hand wheel is fixed, and the other end, far away from the external thread, of the adjusting rod is inserted into the supporting pipe hole. The combined body of the cutting component and the line aligning component of the line aligning device is hinged on 2 lugs III of the pre-sorting frame through 2U-shaped lugs II of the cutting component, the tail end, far away from the adjusting pin, of the adjusting component supporting pipe of the line aligning device is hinged between the 2 lugs II of the pre-sorting frame, and the cutting disc and the line aligning wheel of the line aligning device are positioned on one side close to the digging device. The assembled opposite-row digging and pre-sorting device is hinged to the J-shaped tail end of the 2 separating vertical plates of the bracket of the sorting frame through a pin shaft at the middle part of one end, far away from the sharp-angled shape, of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates of the pre-sorting frame, and a lug IV fixed in the middle of a cross beam VI of the pre-sorting frame is positioned on the same side as a motor installed on a J-shaped straight line section of the separating vertical plate of the bracket of the sorting frame.

The working principle is as follows: starting an internal combustion engine of a power system of the traveling system and driving a hydraulic pump to operate through a coupler. When the potato harvester moves to the ground of the operation area and the position of the potato harvester is adjusted, the control handle of the control system of the moving system controls the hydraulic valve block to act, the motor of the driving device arranged on the sorting frame of the sorting device is started to operate, and then the sorting screen is driven to operate. The sorting screen bearing is installed on the sorting frame of the sorting device and in the operation process of the carrier roller I and the carrier roller II on the pre-sorting frame of the pre-sorting device, and the vibrating wheel installed on the pre-sorting frame of the pre-sorting device is driven to rotate, so that high-frequency low-amplitude shaking of the upper section of the sorting screen is realized. The control handle of the control system of the traveling system controls the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder to retract, so that the opposite-row digging and pre-sorting device and the part of sorting screens hung on the pre-sorting frame are lowered to the operation position, and the harvesting operation is implemented after the operation.

In the harvesting operation process, the hydraulic valve block is controlled to be in a floating position through a control handle of a control system of the traveling system, 2 counter wheels which are arranged on 2L-shaped rods of a counter assembly of the counter device of the counter digging and pre-sorting device in an inclined mode just press two sides of potato ridges, the counter operation is realized due to the pressure between the counter wheels and the potato ridges, and the digging shovel of the digging device of the counter digging and pre-sorting device and the whole potato harvester are guided to move forwards along the potato ridges correctly. In addition, 2 cutting disks which are arranged on the cutting components of the row aligning device of the row aligning digging and pre-sorting device and are obliquely arranged roll along the two sides of the bottom of the potato ridges so as to prevent potatoes in the potato soil mixture from rolling to furrows on the two sides; meanwhile, the cutting disc can cut off weeds and seedling vines which are not killed and are laid on the potato ridges, so that digging and separation of potato soil, potato vines and potato impurities are facilitated. The locking nut of the adjusting component of the line aligning device of the line aligning digging and pre-sorting device is loosened, the adjusting hand wheel is rotated to change the relative position between the adjusting rod and the adjusting pin, and further change the position of the cutting disc relative to the line aligning wheel, so that the aims of adjusting the cutting depth of the cutting disc and the relative pressure between the line aligning wheel and the potato ridge are fulfilled, and the potatoes are prevented from being injured.

After the potato soil mixture excavated by the excavating shovel of the excavating device is conveyed to the upper section of the sorting sieve close to one end of the excavating shovel, the potato soil is separated as the soil gradually passes through gaps between sorting rods of the sorting sieve, namely, a pre-sorting task on a pre-sorting frame is gradually completed along with the operation of the sorting sieve towards one end of the sorting device; in addition, the high-frequency low-amplitude shaking of the upper section of the sorting screen accelerates the potato-soil separation process due to the passive rolling of 2 vibration wheels arranged on the pre-sorting vertical plates of the pre-sorting frame. Because the letter sorting sieve is the inclination state that is close to that excavating gear one end is low, is close to that sorting device one end is high, consequently install the pin between every group letter sorting pole and can effectively restrict the backward flow of potato. The potatoes which are subjected to pre-sorting continue to run along with the sorting sieve, and then the subsequent sorting work is finished.

When the harvesting operation reaches the ground, the hydraulic valve block is controlled by a control handle of a control system of the traveling system, and the opposite-row digging and pre-sorting device and the partial sorting sieve hung on the pre-sorting frame are lifted by the hydraulic cylinder. And after turning and adjusting the operation position, repeating the operation process again.

Compared with the current state of the art, the row-aligning operation is implemented by the row-aligning wheels which are pressed on two sides of the potato ridges and are obliquely arranged, so that the row-aligning digging and pre-sorting device and even the whole potato harvester can be guided to correctly advance along the potato ridges, and the phenomenon of cutting the potatoes is effectively avoided; because the adjusting device for the relative position between the cutting disc and the row aligning wheel is arranged, the relation between the cutting depth of the cutting disc and the pressure of the row aligning wheel relative to the potato ridges can be adjusted in real time, and the phenomenon of potato damage is further avoided; due to the fact that the cutting disks which roll along the two sides of the bottom of the potato ridges and are obliquely arranged are arranged, potatoes in the potato soil mixture can be effectively prevented from rolling to furrows on the two sides, meanwhile, weeds and seedling vines which are laid on the potato ridges can be cut off, and the follow-up digging and the implementation of the separation process of the potato soil, the potato vines and the potato impurities are facilitated; due to the arrangement of the vibrating wheel, the upper section of the sorting screen generates high-frequency low-amplitude vibration in the operation process, so that the potato-soil separation process is accelerated, and the operation efficiency is effectively improved; due to the fact that the stop lever is arranged on the sorting sieve, the backflow phenomenon of the potatoes in the process of moving obliquely upwards along with the sorting sieve is effectively prevented, and the peeling rate of the potatoes is greatly reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the sorting screen of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a sorting bar according to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the pre-sort rack embodiment of FIG. 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the digging implement of the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the row unit of the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an isometric view of the severing assembly of the embodiment of FIG. 6 of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an isometric view of the row assembly of the embodiment of FIG. 6 of the present invention;

fig. 9 is an isometric view of the adjustment assembly of the embodiment of fig. 6 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

22. The sorting screen 221, the sorting rod 2211, the straight rod 222, the annular belt 223, the blocking rod 31, the pre-sorting frame 311, the pre-sorting vertical plate 312, the cross beam VI 313, the connecting rod 314, the U-shaped rod 315, the lug II 316, the lug III 317, the lug IV 318, the mud scraping plate 319, the pin shaft 32, the digging device 321, the digging shovel 322, the triangular plate 323, the guide rod 33, the alignment device 331, the cutting component 3311, the U-shaped frame 3312, the lug V3, the U-shaped lug II 3314, the supporting rod 3315, the cutting disk 332, the alignment component 3321, the L-shaped rod 3322, the hexagonal tube 3323, the locking pin 3324, the alignment wheel 333, the adjustment component 3331, the adjustment rod 3332, the adjustment pin 3333, the locking nut 33134, the adjustment hand wheel 3335 and the supporting tube.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1-9: one end of the vertical pre-sorting plate 311 of the pre-sorting frame 31 is in a sharp-angled shape, and the middle of the other end far away from the sharp-angled shape is provided with a pin 319; the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 are close to the pin roll 319, and are positioned on one side of the pin roll 319 close to the sharp-angle shape and fixedly connected through a cross beam VI 312, and the plate surfaces of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 are parallel to each other and the sharp angles are aligned; one end of each of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 in a sharp-angled shape is fixedly connected through a connecting rod 313, and 2 sections of U-shaped side rods of the U-shaped rods 314 are respectively fixed on the edge of one side of each of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 close to the connecting rod 313; 2 lugs II 315 are fixed at the U-shaped bottom of the U-shaped rod 314, the lugs II 315 face to the direction far away from the pre-sorting vertical plate 311, and the plate surface of the lugs II 315 is parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate 311; the edge of one side of the middle part of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311, which is fixed with the U-shaped rod 314, is respectively fixed with 1 lug III 316, the plate surface of the lug III 316 is parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate 311, the middle part of the crossbeam VI 312 is fixed with 2 lugs IV 317 towards the direction far away from the U-shaped rod 314, and the plate surface of the lug IV 317 is parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate 311; the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 are respectively provided with 1 carrier roller I214 near the end part in the shape of a sharp corner, the two ends of the connecting rod 313 near the pre-sorting vertical plate 311 are respectively provided with 1 mud scraper 318, the mud scraper 318 faces the direction of the carrier roller I214, the inner side plate surfaces of the 2 separating vertical plates 2111 are respectively provided with 5 carrier rollers II 215, and the inner side plate surfaces in the middle of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 are respectively provided with 1 vibrating wheel 216. The sorting rod 221 of the sorting screen 22 is in a straight rod shape, one end of the sorting rod 221 is bent, and then bent again to form a straight rod 2211 in the direction opposite to the first bending direction, and the bent straight rod 2211 is parallel to the rod body part of the sorting rod 221; after the other end of the sorting rod 221 is bent, the other end of the sorting rod 221 is bent again in the direction opposite to the first bending direction to form a straight rod 2211, and the bent straight rod 2211 is coaxial with the straight rod 2211 with the other end of the sorting rod 221 bent; the ring belt 222 made of elastic material is in a circular ring shape, a plurality of groups of sorting rods 221 with 6 pieces in each group are uniformly fixed outside the 2 ring belts 222 through straight bars 2211 at two ends, the rod body part of each sorting rod 221 faces to the inner side of the ring belt 222, and the center distance of the 2 sorting rods 221 closest to the adjacent sorting rods 221 in each group of sorting rods 221 is equal to 2 times of the center distance of the adjacent sorting rods 221 in each group of sorting rods 221; the stop levers 223, the number of which is the same as the number of the sorting levers 221, are fixed at both ends to the outside of the 2-piece endless belt 222, respectively, and each stop lever 223 is located between each adjacent 2-piece sorting lever 221. One end of the assembled sorting sieve 22 is hung on 2 plum blossom wheels of a driving device arranged on a sorting frame of a sorting device of the potato harvester walking mechanism and the sorting device, and the other end is hung on 2 carrier rollers I214 arranged on a pre-sorting vertical plate 311 of the pre-sorting frame 31; the inner ring surface of the endless belt 222 at the upper section of the sorting screen 22 is supported on 2 rollers i 214 and 2 vibrating wheels 216 mounted on the separating vertical plate of the sorting frame of the sorting device and 2 vibrating wheels 216 mounted on the pre-sorting vertical plate 311 of the pre-sorting frame 31, and is also supported on the separating vertical plate of the sorting frame mounted on the sorting device and a part of rollers ii 215 mounted on the pre-sorting vertical plate 311 of the pre-sorting frame 31, and the outer ring surface of the endless belt 222 at the lower section of the sorting screen 22 is supported on the other rollers ii 215. The two ends of the digging shovel 321 of the digging device 32 are respectively provided with 1 triangular plate 322, the edge of the other side of the digging shovel 321, which is far away from the cutting edge, is uniformly provided with a plurality of guide rods 323 along the length direction of the digging shovel 321, the length direction of each guide rod 323 is vertical to the length direction of the digging shovel 321, and the plane of each guide rod 323 is superposed with the plate surface of the digging shovel 321; the digging device 32 is installed between the pointed ends of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 of the pre-sorting frame 31 by triangular plates 322 at both ends, and the cutting edge of the digging shovel 321 faces away from the cross beam VI 312. 2 lugs V3312 are fixed on one side of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped holder 3311 of the cutting component 331 of the traveling device 33, and the plate surface of the lugs V3312 is parallel to the U-shaped side arm of the U-shaped holder 3311; the 2U-shaped lugs II 3313 are fixed on the end parts of 2U-shaped side arms of the U-shaped frame 3311 through the outer surface of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped lug II 3313, and the plate surface of the U-shaped lug II 3313 is parallel to the plate surface of the lug V3312; one end of each of the 2 support rods 3314 is fixed to the inner side of the joint of the U-shaped groove bottom and the U-shaped side arm of the U-shaped holder 3311, the 2 support rods 3314 are perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped holder 3311, the plane of the 2 support rods 3314 is parallel to the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped holder 3311, and the 2 support rods 3314 are symmetrically arranged relative to the U-shaped holder 3311 through the symmetrical plane of the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped holder 3311 and perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped holder 3311; the inner sides of the other ends of the 2 support rods 3314 are respectively provided with a cutting disc 3315 in a shape of a ' shallow disc ', the disc openings of the 2 cutting discs 3315 face the outer sides, the 2 cutting discs 3315 are symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetrical plane of the U-shaped frame 3311 passing through the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame 3311 and perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame 3311, and the distance between the edges of the disc openings of the 2 cutting discs 3315 is in an inclined state of ' being close to the side of the fixed ends of the support rods 3314 and the U-shaped frame 3311 and being larger and far away from the side of the fixed ends of the support rods 3314 and the U-shaped frame 3311 ' in the length direction of the support rods 3314 '. The L-shaped rod 3321 of the opposite-row component 332 is provided with a plurality of transverse holes on the rod with the shorter length, and 2L-shaped rods 3321 are respectively inserted into two ends of the hexagonal tube 3322 through the rods with the shorter length and are locked through 2 lock pins 3323; the longer length of the 2L-shaped rods 3321 is in the same plane, i.e., the combination of the 1 hexagonal tube 3322 and the 2L-shaped rods 3321 is U-shaped and fixed to the outer side of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped holder 3311 of the cutting block 331 via the outer side of the hexagonal tube 3322; a U-shaped assembly formed by 1 hexagonal tube 3322 and 2L-shaped rods 3321 is superposed on a symmetrical plane which passes through the center of the hexagonal tube 3322 of the U-shaped assembly in the length direction and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly, and a symmetrical plane which passes through the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped bracket 3311 and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped bracket 3311 of the U-shaped assembly; the obtuse angle formed by the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped combination and the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped holder 3311 is 120 degrees +/-10 degrees, and the 2L-shaped rods 3321 are positioned on the side where the cutting disc 3315 is positioned relative to the U-shaped holder 3311; the end of the long rod of the 2-piece L-shaped rod 3321 far from the hexagonal tube 3322 is provided with 1-piece aligning wheel 3324 and 2-piece aligning wheels 3324 respectively, which are symmetrically arranged with respect to the U-shaped combination composed of the 1-piece hexagonal tube 3322 and the 2-piece L-shaped rod 3321 through the symmetry plane perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped combination at the center in the longitudinal direction of the hexagonal tube 3322 of the U-shaped combination, and the distance between the edges of the 2-piece aligning wheels 3324 is in an inclined state of "large on the side close to the hexagonal tube 3322 and small on the side far from the hexagonal tube 3322" in the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped combination in the longitudinal direction perpendicular to the hexagonal tube 3322, and "small on the side close to the cutting disk 3315 and large on the side far from the cutting disk 3315" in the direction perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped combination and in the longitudinal direction perpendicular to the hexagonal tube 3322. A shaft shoulder is arranged in the middle of an adjusting rod 3331 of the adjusting component 333, an external thread is arranged at one end of the adjusting rod 3331, the end provided with the external thread of the adjusting rod 3331 is screwed into a transverse screw hole in the middle of an adjusting pin 3332, two ends of the adjusting pin 3332 are supported on 2 lugs V3312 of the cutting component 331, and the end provided with the external thread of the adjusting rod 3331 faces to the side of a U-shaped lug II 3313 far away from the cutting component 331; the external threaded end of the adjustment rod 3331 is passed through the extended end of the adjustment pin 3332 and locked by a locking nut 3333, and then an adjustment hand wheel 3334 is fixed, and the other end of the adjustment rod 3331, which is far from the external threads, is inserted into a hole of the support tube 3335. The combination of the severing member 331 and the line aligning member 332 of the line aligning device 33 is hinged to the 2-piece lug iii 316 of the pre-sorting rack 31 by means of the 2-piece U-shaped lug ii 3313 of the severing member 331, the adjusting member 333 of the line aligning device 33 supports the tube 3335 at the end remote from the adjusting pin 3332 between the 2-piece lug ii 315 of the pre-sorting rack 31, and the severing plate 3315 and the aligning wheel 3324 of the line aligning device 33 are located on the side close to the digging device 32. The assembled row-aligning digging and pre-sorting device 3 is hinged to the J-shaped tail end of the 2 separating vertical plates 2111 of the bracket 211 of the sorting frame 21 through a pin 319 at the middle part of one end, far away from the sharp-angled shape, of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 of the pre-sorting frame 31, and a lug iv 317 fixed at the middle part of a cross beam vi 312 of the pre-sorting frame 31 is positioned on the same side as a motor 2122 installed on a J-shaped straight line section of the separating vertical plate 2111 of the bracket 211 of the sorting frame 21.

Claims

1. Automatic row-to-row excavation and pre-sorting device of self-propelled potato harvester of track, including sorting frame (31), letter sorting sieve (22), excavating gear (32) and row-to-row device (33) in advance, its characterized in that: the pre-sorting frame (31) comprises a pre-sorting vertical plate (311), a cross beam VI (312), a connecting rod (313), a U-shaped rod (314), a lug II (315), a lug III (316), a lug IV (317), a mud scraper (318), a carrier roller I (214), a carrier roller II (215) and a vibrating wheel (216), one end of the pre-sorting vertical plate (311) is in a sharp-angle shape, the middle part of the other end far away from the sharp-angle shape is provided with a pin shaft (319), 2 pieces of pre-sorting vertical plates (311) are close to the pin shaft (319), one side of the pin shaft (319) close to the sharp-angle shape is fixedly connected through the cross beam VI (312), 2 pieces of pre-sorting vertical plates (311) are parallel to each other and aligned in a plate surface, one end of the 2 pieces of pre-sorting vertical plates (311) in the sharp-angle shape is fixedly connected through the connecting rod (313), 2 sections of U-shaped side rods (314) are respectively fixed at the side edge of the side surface of the 2 pieces of the pre-sorting vertical plate (311) close to the connecting rod (313), one side edge of the lug III) of the lug III (316, the side edge of the lug III) is fixed to the side edge (315, and the lug II (316), the side edge of the lug III) is fixed to the side edge (311) of the lug II (316, 2 pieces of lugs IV (317) are fixed in the middle of the cross beam VI (312) towards the direction far away from the U-shaped rod (314), the plate surfaces of the lugs IV (317) are parallel to the plate surfaces of the pre-sorting vertical plates (311), 1 piece of carrier roller I (214) is respectively arranged at the end parts, close to the sharp-angled shape, of the 2 pieces of pre-sorting vertical plates (311), 1 piece of mud scraping plate (318) is respectively arranged at the two ends of the connecting rod (313) close to the pre-sorting vertical plates (311), the mud scraping plate (318) faces the direction of the carrier roller I (214), a plurality of carrier rollers II (215) are respectively arranged on the inner side plate surfaces of the 2 pieces of separating vertical plates (2111), and 1 piece of vibrating wheel (216) is respectively arranged on the inner side plate surfaces in the middle of the 2 pieces of pre-sorting vertical plates (311); the sorting screen (22) comprises sorting rods (221), annular belts (222) and blocking rods (223), one end of each straight-bar-shaped sorting rod (221) is bent, and then bent again to form a straight rod (2211) in the direction opposite to the first bending, the bent straight rod (2211) is parallel to the rod body part of the sorting rod (221), the other end of each sorting rod (221) is bent, and then bent again to form a straight rod (2211) in the direction opposite to the first bending, the bent straight rod (2211) is coaxial with the straight rod (2211) bent at the other end of the sorting rod (221), a plurality of sorting rods (221) in each group are uniformly fixed on the outer sides of the annular belts (222) in the shape of 2 pieces through the straight rods (2211) at two ends, the rod body part of each sorting rod (221) faces to the inner side of the annular belts (222), the center distance of the 2 piece sorting rods (221) closest to the adjacent sorting rods (221) is equal to the center distance of the sorting rods (221) of the adjacent sorting rods (221) in each group, the adjacent sorting rods (221), the center distance of the sorting rods (221) is equal to the center distance of the sorting rods (221), and the number of the sorting rods (223) between the adjacent sorting rods (221) of the sorting rods (221) is equal to the number of the adjacent sorting rods (223) and the adjacent sorting rods (223) of each group, and the ring bars (223); one end of an assembled sorting screen (22) is hung on 2 plum blossom wheels of a driving device arranged on a sorting frame of a sorting device of a potato harvester travelling mechanism and the sorting device, the other end of the assembled sorting screen (22) is hung on 2 carrier rollers I (214) arranged on a pre-sorting vertical plate (311) of a pre-sorting frame (31), the inner annular surface of an annular belt (222) at the upper section of the sorting screen (22) is supported on the 2 carrier rollers I (214) and 2 vibrating wheels (216) arranged on a separating vertical plate of the sorting frame of the sorting device and the 2 vibrating wheels (216) arranged on the pre-sorting vertical plate (311) of the pre-sorting frame (31), the inner annular surface of the annular belt (222) at the lower section of the sorting screen (22) is supported on other carrier rollers II (215); the digging device (32) comprises a digging shovel (321), a triangular plate (322) and guide rods (323), wherein 1 triangular plate (322) is respectively arranged at two ends of the digging shovel (321), a plurality of guide rods (323) are uniformly arranged at the edge of the other side, far away from the cutting edge, of the digging shovel (321) along the length direction of the digging shovel (321), the length direction of each guide rod (323) is vertical to the length direction of the digging shovel (321), the plane of each guide rod (323) is superposed with the plate surface of the digging shovel (321), the digging device (32) is arranged between the sharp-angled end parts of 2 pre-sorting vertical plates (311) of the pre-sorting frame (31) through the triangular plates (322) at two ends, and the cutting edge of the digging shovel (321) faces the direction far away from the cross beam VI (312); the line aligning device (33) comprises a cutting component (331), a line aligning component (332) and an adjusting component (333), wherein the cutting component (331) comprises a U-shaped frame (3311), a lug V (3312), a U-shaped lug II (3313), a support rod (3314) and a cutting disc (3315), 2 pieces of lugs V (3312) are fixed on one side surface of the bottom of a U-shaped groove of the U-shaped frame (3311), the plate surface of the lug V (3312) is parallel to the side arm of the U-shaped frame (3311), the 2 pieces of U-shaped lugs II (3313) are respectively fixed on the end parts of 2U-shaped side arms of the U-shaped frame (3311) through the outer surface of the bottom of the U-shaped groove of the U-shaped lug II (3313), and the plate surface of the U-shaped lug II (3313) is parallel to the plate surface of the lug V (3312), one end of 2 support rods (3314) is respectively fixed at the inner side of the joint of the U-shaped groove bottom and the U-shaped side arm of the U-shaped frame (3311), the 2 support rods (3314) are vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame (3311), the plane of the 2 support rods (3314) is parallel to the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame (3311), the 2 support rods (3314) are symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetrical plane of the U-shaped frame (3311), which passes through the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame (3311) and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame (3311), and the inner side of the other end of each of the 2 support rods (3314) is provided with a cutting disc (3315) in the shape of a shallow disc, and the opening of the 2-piece cutting plate 3315 is outwardly directed, the 2-piece cutting plate 3315 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the U-shaped holder 3311 through a symmetrical plane perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped holder 3311 through the center of the bottom of the U-shaped groove of the U-shaped holder 3311, and the distance between the edges of the opening of the 2-piece cutting plate 3315 is in an inclined state along the length direction of the support rod 3314 such that "the side close to the fixed end of the support rod 3314 and the U-shaped holder 3311 is larger and the side far from the fixed end of the support rod 3314 and the side of the fixed end of the U-shaped holder 3311 is smaller", the parallel member 332 includes an L-shaped rod 3321, a hexagonal tube 3322, a lock pin 3323 and a parallel wheel 3324, the L-shaped rod 3321 is provided with a plurality of lateral holes, the L-shaped rod 3321 is inserted into both ends of the hexagonal tube 3322 through the shorter length of the L-shaped rod 3321, the L-shaped rod 3321 is locked through the combined body 3323, the L-shaped rod 3321 is fixed in the side of the U-shaped holder 2-shaped groove, the L-shaped groove is locked in the same length direction of the U-shaped holder 331, the L-shaped tube 331, the L-shaped assembly 3321, the L-shaped tube 3321, the L-shaped plate 3321 is locked through the combined body 3321, and the combined body 3322, the L-shaped assembly 3321, and the L-shaped tube 3321, and the L-shaped assembly 3321, the L-shaped tube 331, and the L-shaped assembly is locked in the L-shaped tube 331, and the U-shaped tube 3322, and the U-shaped assembly 3322, and the L-shaped holder 3, and the U-shaped assembly, and the symmetry plane ' perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly is coincident with the symmetry plane ' of the U-shaped frame (3311) ' passing through the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame (3311) and perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame (3311), the obtuse angle formed by the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame (3311) is 120 DEG + -10 DEG, and 2L-shaped rods (3321) are located on the side of the cutting disc (3315) relative to the U-shaped frame (3311), the ends of the 2L-shaped rods (3321) having a longer length away from the hexagonal tube (3322) are respectively provided with 1 counter wheel (3324), the 2 counter wheels (3324) are arranged symmetrically relative to the U-shaped assembly formed by 1 hexagonal tube (3322) and 2L-shaped rods (3321) passing through the symmetry plane of the hexagonal tube (3322) of the U-shaped assembly perpendicular to the U-shaped plane, the distance between the edges of the 2 pieces of counter wheels (3324) is in an inclined state of being large on the side close to the hexagonal tube (3322) and small on the side far from the hexagonal tube (3322) in the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly along the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the hexagonal tube (3322), and is in an inclined state of being small on the side close to the cutting disc (3315) and large on the side far from the cutting disc (3315) in the direction perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and along the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the hexagonal tube (3322), and the adjusting component (333) comprises an adjusting rod (3331), an adjusting pin (3332), a pair of adjusting pins (3332), A locking nut (3333), an adjusting hand wheel (3334) and a supporting tube (3335), wherein the middle part of an adjusting rod (3331) is provided with a shaft shoulder, one end of the adjusting rod (3331) is provided with an external thread, one end of the adjusting rod (3331) is screwed into a transverse screw hole at the middle part of an adjusting pin (3332), the two ends of the adjusting pin (3332) are supported on 2 lugs V (3312) of a cutting component (331), one end of the adjusting rod (3331) provided with the external thread faces to one side of a U-shaped lug II (3313) far away from the cutting component (331), the external thread end of the adjusting rod (3331) passes through the extending end of the adjusting pin (3332) and is locked by the locking nut (3333), an adjusting hand wheel (3334) is fixed, the other end of the adjusting rod (3331) far away from the external thread is inserted into the hole of the supporting tube (3335), the combination of the severing component (331) and the line aligning component (332) of the line aligning device (33) is articulated to the 2-part lug (316) of the pre-sorting rack (31) by means of the 2-part U-shaped lug (3313) of the severing component (331), the end of the adjusting component (333) of the row aligning device (33) supporting the tube (3335) far away from the adjusting pin (3332) is hinged between the 2 lugs II (315) of the pre-sorting rack (31), and the cutting disc (3315) and the line wheel (3324) of the line aligning device (33) are positioned at one side close to the digging device (32); the assembled row-aligning digging and pre-sorting device (3) is hinged to the J-shaped tail end of 2 separating vertical plates (2111) of a bracket (211) of a sorting frame (21) through a pin shaft (319) of 2 pre-sorting vertical plates (311) of the pre-sorting frame (31) far away from the middle part of one end in the shape of a sharp corner, and a lug IV (317) fixed at the middle part of a cross beam VI (312) of the pre-sorting frame (31) is positioned on the same side as a motor (2122) installed on a J-shaped straight line section of the separating vertical plate (2111) of the bracket (211) of the sorting frame (21).