CN113831192A - Preparation method of fertilizer for improving quality of juicy peaches, fertilizer and application - Google Patents
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural intensive production, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a fertilizer for improving the quality of honey peaches, the fertilizer and application thereof. The trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is applied together with a saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer, and has a remarkable effect in promoting the yield increase of peach trees and/or improving the quality and benefit of honey peaches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural intensive production, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a fertilizer for improving the quality of honey peaches, the fertilizer and application.
Background
The honey peaches are more and more sought after by consumers because of the advantages of softness, juiciness, sweet taste, good flavor and the like. Therefore, in order to obtain higher yield of the honey peaches, vast fruit growers blindly apply chemical fertilizers, especially excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers, and the problems of small fruits, color difference, light taste and the like of the honey peaches are caused. The potassium demand of the honey peaches is large, and then chemical potassium fertilizer is easily passivated and is difficult to be absorbed and utilized by peach trees if directly applied to soil. The utilization efficiency of the peach trees on potassium is improved, and the method has important significance for saving the production cost of the honey peaches and improving the quality and benefit of the honey peaches.
At present, some researchers of some scholars have made some researches on fertilization and management of honey peaches. For example, CN108184534A discloses a method for planting honey peaches rich in various trace elements; CN111646855A discloses a special biochar-based compound fertilizer for honey peaches and a fertilizing method thereof; CN108901286A discloses a fertilizing method for preventing and controlling the premature senility of honey peach trees, which takes biological bacterial fertilizer, compound fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, urea and boric fertilizer as main materials. The reported fertilizer for honey peaches is mainly chemical fertilizer, and fruit enlargement and effect improvement are realized to a certain extent. However, long-term application of the fertilizer easily causes premature senility of peach trees, and the requirement of people on quality increase of honey peaches is difficult to meet. At present, research on special organic fertilizers or biological organic fertilizers or amino acid liquid fertilizers aiming at the characteristics of honey peaches is less, and in order to retrieve the taste of the honey peaches in a small time, a fertilization formula and a management measure for improving the quality and the benefit of the honey peaches are urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer and the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared by the fertilizer preparation method have obvious effects on promoting the growth of peach trees, increasing the yield of honey peaches and improving the quality of honey peaches.
The invention provides a preparation method of a fertilizer for improving the quality of juicy peaches, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting wheat grains without plant diseases and insect pests, adjusting the water content to 60% by using tap water, sterilizing at 115 ℃ for 40 minutes, cooling the materials, inoculating trichoderma liquid strains according to the mass ratio of 10:1, spreading the materials to 3-5 cm in thickness, culturing for 4 days in a ten-thousand-level clean room at the temperature of 26-28 ℃ and the humidity of 70-90%, and obtaining trichoderma solid strains;
2) adjusting the pH value of the traditional Chinese medicine residue decomposed compost to 6-7 by using acid hydrolysis amino acid, and adding the trichoderma solid strain obtained in the step (1) into the traditional Chinese medicine residue decomposed compost to obtain a trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer;
3) diluting acid hydrolysis amino acid to 250 times, adjusting the pH value to 3.0 by using KOH, filtering to remove potassium sulfate crystals precipitated due to saturation to obtain potassium-rich amino acid filtrate, sequentially adding trace elements such as ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate and boric acid, reacting at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, stirring at the speed of 60-80 rpm, and stirring for chelation for 2-3 hours to obtain the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer.
Preferably, the specific preparation method of the acid hydrolyzed amino acid in the step 2) comprises the following steps: cleaning pig hair collected in slaughterhouse, air drying, placing into sealed hydrolysis container, adding H2SO4The initial acid concentration is 3-5mol/L, and the acidolysis amino acid is prepared by hydrolyzing for 4-6 hours at 100-.
Preferably, the mass volume ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine residue decomposed compost to the acid hydrolysis amino acid in the step 2) is 10:1.5-3, and the unit is g/ml.
Preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine residue decomposed compost to the acid hydrolysis amino acid in the step 2) is 5:1, and the unit is g/ml.
Preferably, the inoculation mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine residue decomposed compost to the trichoderma solid spawn in the step 2) is 4%.
Preferably, in the step 3), the mass percentage of the ferrous sulfate in the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer is 0.5-1%, the mass percentage of the manganese sulfate in the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer is 0.2-0.7%, the mass percentage of the zinc sulfate in the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer is 0.2-0.7%, and the mass percentage of the boric acid in the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer is 0.2-0.5%.
The invention also provides the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the fertilizer for improving the quality of honey peaches, and a packageComprises the following components: 1-1.5 percent of amino acid, 2-3 percent of nitrogen, 1-2 percent of phosphorus, 2-3 percent of potassium, 45-50 percent of organic matter and 1-5 multiplied by 108cfu/g of trichoderma spores, and the water content mass ratio is lower than 30%.
The invention also provides a saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the fertilizer for improving the quality of honey peaches, which comprises the following components: 10 to 15 percent of amino acid, 2 to 3 percent of potassium, 0.5 to 1 percent of ferrite, 0.2 to 0.7 percent of manganese, 0.2 to 0.7 percent of zinc and 0.2 to 0.5 percent of boron.
The invention also provides an application of the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer in improving the quality of honey peaches.
The invention also provides application of the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer in improving the quality of honey peaches.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the peach tree crops are perennial plants, the improvement of the root system activity is important for preventing the premature senility of the peach tree, the trichoderma strains can regulate and control a healthy soil microbial area system, can provide organic nutrients for the peach tree, permanently improve the soil fertility, enhance the disease resistance of the peach tree, have important significance for the sustainable utilization of soil and the protection of ecological environment, and further achieve the effects of promoting the growth of the peach tree and guaranteeing the healthy effect of the peach tree;
2. the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer integrates amino acid, potassium and trace elements of ferrum, manganese, zinc and boron required by the peach trees, and the foliar spraying can improve the utilization rate of the peach trees to the amino acid and the potassium and can supplement the trace elements for the peach trees;
3. according to the invention, the prepared trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer is used as an additional fertilizer, so that organic fertilizers are applied to peach trees in an all-around manner, the application of chemical fertilizers is greatly reduced, and the quality and benefit of honey peaches are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the content of Trichoderma species in solid fermentation with different wheat grain sizes;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of applying a trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer and a saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer on sweetness of honey peaches;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the influence of application of a trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer and a saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer on the Vc content of honey peaches.
Detailed Description
In order to understand the present invention, the following description will be given with reference to specific examples.
Example 1: preparation of Trichoderma solid strain
(1) And (3) trichoderma liquid fermentation: inoculating trichoderma into a PDA liquid culture medium, and performing liquid fermentation to prepare trichoderma liquid strain, wherein the fermentation condition is that the pH value is 7.0, the temperature is 28 ℃, the rpm is 180, and the time is 5 days, namely the trichoderma liquid strain (containing mycelium and sporophyte);
(2) solid fermentation of trichoderma strains: the solid fermentation raw material is 100kg wheat grain, the water content is adjusted to 60% by tap water, the solid sterilization tank is sterilized for 40 minutes at 115 ℃, 10kg of trichoderma liquid strain with the mass percentage of 10% is inoculated after the material is cooled, the thickness of the plate fermentation material is 3-5 cm, the temperature is 26-28 ℃, the humidity is 70-90%, the trichoderma spore is cultured for 4 days in a ten thousand grade clean room, as shown in figure 1, when the grain diameter of wheat is 10-20 meshes, the number of the trichoderma spores is the highest and reaches 4 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
Example 2: preparation of acid-hydrolyzed amino acid solution
Cleaning pig hair collected in slaughterhouse, air drying, placing into sealed hydrolysis container, adding H2SO4The mixture was hydrolyzed at 110 ℃ under 1.5 atm for 5 hours to give an acid-hydrolyzed amino acid having an initial acid concentration of 4 mol/L.
And (3) cooling the acidolysis solution, filtering to remove a small amount of calcium sulfate impurities in the hydrolysis tank, and removing the upper fat layer by layering to obtain an acidolysis amino acid stock solution.
Example 3: preparation of traditional Chinese medicine residue decomposed compost
(1) Mixing materials: 850 kg of Chinese medicine residue waste (Chinese medicine residue formed by 20-50 parts of ephedra, 10-30 parts of bitter apricot seed, 10-30 parts of liquorice and 10-20 parts of ginger in parts by mass) and 150 kg of rice chaff are uniformly mixed by a forklift, and the water content is adjusted to 60%.
(2) And (3) performing stack fermentation: and (3) paving the mixed materials into strips by using a forklift, wherein the height of the strip stacks is 1.2 meters, the width of the strip stacks is 2.8 meters, turning the strip stacks by using a turner every two days (oxygen supply and crushing action), and fermenting for 35 days at 65 ℃ until the water content is lower than 30% to complete the preparation of the traditional Chinese medicine residue decomposed compost.
Example 4: preparation of trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer
(1) Uniformly mixing the decomposed Chinese medicine residue compost and the acidolysis amino acid stock solution according to the mass-to-volume ratio of 5:1, neutralizing and after-ripening for 7 days, turning and sampling every day, measuring the pH value, and obtaining trichoderma solid strains when the pH value of a mixture pile body rises to 6.0-6.5;
(2) and (2) inoculating the trichoderma solid strain obtained in the step (1) into the traditional Chinese medicine residue decomposed compost prepared in the embodiment 3 according to the proportion of 50 kg/ton, uniformly mixing, and evaporating the water content of the solid mixture to be below 30% under the condition that the temperature is not higher than 60 ℃ to obtain the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer.
The fertilizer contains 1-1.5 percent of amino acid, 2-3 percent of nitrogen, 1-2 percent of phosphorus, 2-3 percent of potassium, 45-50 percent of organic matter and 1-5 multiplied by 10 by mass percent8cfu/g of trichoderma spores, the water content mass ratio is lower than 30%, and the pH value is 6.0-7.0.
Example 5: preparation of saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliage fertilizer
Diluting acidolysis amino acid to 250 times, adjusting the pH value to 3.0 by using KOH, filtering to remove potassium sulfate crystals precipitated due to saturation, sequentially adding 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of manganese sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 part of boric acid and other trace elements into potassium-rich amino acid filtrate, reacting at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, stirring at the speed of 60-80 rpm, and stirring and chelating for 2-3 hours to obtain the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer.
The fertilizer contains 10-15% of amino acid, 2-3% of potassium, 0.5-1% of ferrite, 0.2-0.7% of manganese, 0.2-0.7% of zinc and 0.2-0.5% of boron by mass percent.
Example 6: field experiment
The experiment set up 2 treatments: the conventional fertilization of farmers is combined with a common foliar fertilizer (CK) and a trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is combined with a saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer (BF). The cultivation density of the peach trees is as follows: the row spacing is 5m, and the plant spacing is 2 m. The application amount of the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is 10kg per plant, the conventional fertilizer application of farmers is cow dung decomposed farmyard manure, and the application amount is 10kg per plant; the dosage of the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer is 10 liters per mu, the additional fertilizer in the conventional fertilization of farmers is 10 liters of the common foliar fertilizer purchased in the market, and the application is divided into two times; the peach variety tested was medium and late lake landscape. The yield of honey peaches is shown in table 1, the sweetness results of honey peaches are shown in fig. 2, and the Vc content is shown in fig. 3.
| Number of single plant peach | Yield per plant (kg) | Weight of single fruit (g) | Mu yield (kg) | Single plant benefit (Yuan) | Mu benefit (Wanyuan) | |
| Middle lake landscape-BF | 179±39 | 60±12 | 337±18 | 1982±407 | 2880±601 | 9.51±1.98 |
| Middle lake landscape-CK | 162±55 | 56±20 | 342±15 | 1835±670 | 2701±1072 | 8.91±3.54 |
| Late lake view-BF | 235±70 | 81±22 | 350±15 | 2688±737 | 4067±1052 | 13.42±3.47 |
| Late lake landscape-CK | 171±50 | 61±17 | 358±23 | 2014±559 | 3208±934 | 10.59±3.08 |
TABLE 1
In the two varieties of the middle and late lakes, BF significantly increased the sweetness (fig. 2) and Vc content (fig. 3) of honey peaches compared to CK. In addition, as shown in table 1, BF treatment increased the number of peaches per plant in the middle and late lakes and increased the yield per plant, the yield per mu, the benefit per plant and the amount of benefit per mu in the middle and late lakes as compared to CK. In conclusion, the combined saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer and trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer can obviously improve the quality and benefit of honey peaches.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the fertilizer for improving the quality of the juicy peaches is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting wheat grains without plant diseases and insect pests, adjusting the water content to 60% by using tap water, sterilizing at 115 ℃ for 40 minutes, cooling the materials, inoculating trichoderma liquid strains according to the mass ratio of 10:1, spreading the materials to 3-5 cm in thickness, culturing for 4 days in a ten-thousand-level clean room at the temperature of 26-28 ℃ and the humidity of 70-90%, and obtaining trichoderma solid strains;
2) adjusting the pH value of the traditional Chinese medicine residue decomposed compost to 6-7 by using acid hydrolysis amino acid, and adding the trichoderma solid strain obtained in the step (1) into the traditional Chinese medicine residue decomposed compost to obtain a trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer;
3) diluting acid hydrolysis amino acid to 250 times, adjusting the pH value to 3.0 by using KOH, filtering to remove potassium sulfate crystals precipitated due to saturation to obtain potassium-rich amino acid filtrate, sequentially adding trace elements such as ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate and boric acid, reacting at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, stirring at the speed of 60-80 rpm, and stirring for chelation for 2-3 hours to obtain the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the fertilizer for improving the quality of the juicy peaches as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific preparation method of the acid hydrolysis amino acid in the step 2) is as follows: cleaning pig hair collected in slaughterhouse, air drying, placing into sealed hydrolysis container, adding H2SO4The initial acid concentration is 3-5mol/L, and the acidolysis amino acid is prepared by hydrolyzing for 4-6 hours at 100-.
3. The method for preparing the fertilizer for improving the quality of the juicy peaches as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the decomposed compost of the herb residue to the acid hydrolyzed amino acid in the step 2) is 10: 1.5-3.
4. The method for preparing the fertilizer for improving the quality of the juicy peaches as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the decomposed compost of the herb residue to the acid hydrolyzed amino acid in the step 2) is 5: 1.
5. The method for preparing the fertilizer for improving the quality of the juicy peaches as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inoculation mass ratio of the decomposed compost of the herb residue to the solid trichoderma strains in the step 2) is 4%.
6. The preparation method of the fertilizer for improving the quality of the juicy peaches as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the mass percentage of the ferrous sulfate in the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer is 0.5-1%, the mass percentage of the manganese sulfate in the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer is 0.2-0.7%, the mass percentage of the zinc sulfate in the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer is 0.2-0.7%, and the mass percentage of the boric acid in the saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer is 0.2-0.5%.
7. The trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the fertilizer for improving the quality of honey peaches as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, is characterized by comprising the following components: 1-1.5 percent of amino acid, 2-3 percent of nitrogen, 1-2 percent of phosphorus, 2-3 percent of potassium, 45-50 percent of organic matter and 1-5 multiplied by 108cfu/g of trichoderma spores, and the water content mass ratio is lower than 30%.
8. The saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the fertilizer for improving the quality of honey peaches as claimed in claim 1 or 6, which is characterized by comprising the following components: 10 to 15 percent of amino acid, 2 to 3 percent of potassium, 0.5 to 1 percent of ferrite, 0.2 to 0.7 percent of manganese, 0.2 to 0.7 percent of zinc and 0.2 to 0.5 percent of boron.
9. Use of a trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer as defined in claim 7 for improving the quality of honey peaches.
10. The use of a saturated potassium sulfate amino acid foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 8 in improving the quality of honey peaches.
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