CN113825898A - 用于操作机电式凸轮轴相位器的方法 - Google Patents

用于操作机电式凸轮轴相位器的方法 Download PDF

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CN113825898A
CN113825898A CN202080035614.7A CN202080035614A CN113825898A CN 113825898 A CN113825898 A CN 113825898A CN 202080035614 A CN202080035614 A CN 202080035614A CN 113825898 A CN113825898 A CN 113825898A
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control unit
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托比亚斯·里德尔
克里斯蒂安·卡巴赫尔
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Schaeffler Holding China Co Ltd
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Abstract

机电式凸轮轴相位器(3)包括调整齿轮(4)和电机(5)，该电机通过电机控制单元(6)来控制。关于电机(5)的操作的包括其电机轴的位置变化的数据经由数据总线(8)从电机控制单元(6)传送到包括凸轮轴相位器(3)的内燃机(1)的发动机控制单元(7)。另外，重复时间信号经由单独的线路(9)从电机控制单元(6)传送到发动机控制单元(7)，与借助于数据总线(8)相比，借助于该单独的线路能满足较严格实时要求。所述时间信号用于通过与由发动机控制单元(7)接收的数据进行比较来在发动机控制单元(7)中生成时间差信号，该时间差信号经由数据总线(8)反馈回电机控制单元(6)，并且在电机控制单元处用于使电机控制单元(6)与发动机控制单元(7)同步。

Description

用于操作机电式凸轮轴相位器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于操作机电式凸轮轴相位器的方法。本发明还涉及用于控制包括至少一个机电式凸轮轴相位器的内燃机的装置。
背景技术
例如，在DE 102 59 133 A1中描述了用于操作具有机电式凸轮轴相位器的内燃机的方法。在这种情况下，凸轮轴相位器——即用于调节内燃机的凸轮轴与曲轴之间的相对旋转角度的布置——具有模块化结构，其中，该布置的部件被内燃机的其他控制和调节装置部分地使用。凸轮轴相位器的电机的控制单元连接至第二控制单元，该第二控制单元是内燃机的发动机控制单元。
机电式凸轮轴相位器与液压式凸轮轴相位器相比通常具有以下优势：即使当内燃机静止时，凸轮轴的调节也是可能的。在这种情况下，参考DE 10 2012 219 297 A1作为示例。
在例如文献DE 102 36 507 A1、DE 10 2005 022 714 A1、DE 10 2017 104 015A1和DE 102 42 659 A1中公开了用于操作凸轮轴相位器的其他方法。
发明内容
与引用的现有技术相比，本发明的目的是关于资源的最有效的可能使用特别是关于数据处理过程进一步开发一种机电式凸轮轴相位器。
根据本发明，该目的通过具有权利要求1所述的特征的用于操作机电式凸轮轴相位器的方法来实现。可以借助于根据权利要求7所述的用于控制内燃机的装置来执行该方法。下面结合控制装置说明的本发明的配置和优点也类似地适用于操作方法，反之亦然。从属权利要求中描述了本发明的有利的其他发展。
根据依据本发明的方法操作的凸轮轴相位器包括：调整齿轮，特别是三轴齿轮机构形式的调整齿轮；以及被设置用于致动调整齿轮的电机，该电机通过电机控制单元来控制。与电机的操作相关的包括其电机轴的位置变化的数据经由数据总线从电机控制单元传送到包括凸轮轴相位器的内燃机的发动机控制单元。另外，重复时间信号经由单独的线路从电机控制单元传送到内燃机的发动机控制单元，与借助于数据总线相比，借助于该单独的线路能满足较硬实时要求。所述时间信号用于通过将其与由发动机控制单元从电机控制单元接收的数据进行比较在发动机控制单元中生成时间差信号，该时间差信号经由数据总线反馈回电机控制单元，并且在电机控制单元处用于使电机控制单元与发动机控制单元同步。
将电机控制单元与内燃机的发动机控制单元连接以及将两个控制单元与内燃机的其他部件连接的数据总线特别地是CAN总线。尽管其不满足任何严格实时要求，但该数据总线用于将同步所需的时间差信号从电机控制单元传送到内燃机的发动机控制单元。在相反的方向上——即从电机控制单元到发动机控制单元，数据总线被旁路(bypassed)，此时信号通过单独的线路进行传送。总的来说，高精度同步以及对硬件资源的尽可能的利用是可能的。
关于将数据处理过程分配给两个控制单元，也就是说一方面是内燃机的发动机控制单元以及另一方面是控制凸轮轴相位器的电机控制单元，各种配置都是可能的。例如，与凸轮轴相位器相关的连续过程在电机控制单元和发动机控制单元两者中进行处理，其中，关于过程的相应数据被记录在集成在电机控制单元或发动机控制单元中的环形存储器中。在该方法的优选实施方式中，对存储在环形存储器中的数据的评估大部分发生在电机控制单元内。
一般也称为任务的每个过程的持续时间通常是用于各种控制单元之间同步的时间差的至少两倍，特别是至少三倍。
由电机控制单元记录和传送的数据可以包括触发信号，该触发信号与特定的凸轮轴位置相关并且设置有时间戳。
例如，霍尔传感器可以以已知的方式用于检测电机的转子的角位置和/或旋转方向。电机优选地是无刷直流电机。例如，通过电机致动的调整齿轮被设计为谐波传动。关于设计特征，例如参考文献DE 10 2017 119 860 A1和DE 10 2017 126 527 A1。
附图说明
下面，通过附图来更详细地说明本发明的示例性实施方式。在附图中：
图1示出了具有凸轮轴相位器和控制单元的内燃机的象征化表示，
图2示出了说明根据图1的内燃机的操作的图。
具体实施方式
仅在图1中象征性示出的内燃机1具有机电式凸轮轴相位器3，该内燃机的发动机缸体由2表示。凸轮轴相位器3的调整齿轮4被设计为三轴齿轮机构，例如谐波传动。在这种情况下，调整齿轮4的第一轴同样或永久地连接至皮带或链轮，并且以已知的方式以内燃机1的曲轴速度的一半进行旋转。调整齿轮4的第二输出侧轴以旋转固定的方式连接至要被定相的凸轮轴。为了调节连接至链条或皮带轮的输入侧轴与调整齿轮4的输出侧轴之间的角度，调整齿轮4具有设定轴形式的第三轴，该第三轴以旋转固定的方式连接至被分配给凸轮轴相位器3的电机5的电机轴。通过电机控制单元6经由线路9来控制电机5，该电机控制单元也被称为驱动器盒。
电机控制单元6经由数据总线8即CAN总线链接至内燃机1的标记为7的发动机控制单元。控制单元6、7被设计成处理通常称为任务的过程并且在图1中用图示出。每个控制单元6、7包括被设计为环形存储器10、11的数据存储器。相应控制单元6、7的环形存储器10、11中为评估而准备好的各个数据包在图1中通过平行线示出。该数据的处理应理解为数据的批处理。如图1所示，要由电机控制单元6处理的数据处理任务的数量超过了要由发动机控制单元7执行的数据处理任务的数量。在所示的示例性实施方式中，存储在电机控制单元6的环形存储器10中的要处理的数据包的数量与要由发动机控制单元7以类似方式处理的数据包的数量之间的比率是4:3。在未示出的修改变型中，其他比率例如比率4:1也是可能的。在所有情况下，只要存储在不同的环形存储器10、11中的数据涉及凸轮轴相位器3，对该数据的评估就大部分发生在电机控制单元6内。这意指发动机控制单元7仅在很小程度上负担与凸轮轴相位器3的操作相关的数据处理。
除了CAN总线8之外，还存在线路9，通过该线路在电机控制单元6与发动机控制单元7之间建立数据连接。线路9用于将时间信号从电机控制单元6发送至发动机控制单元7。传送的时间信号的数据量仅是经由CAN总线8在电机控制单元6与发动机控制单元7之间传送的数据的一小部分。然而，与CAN总线8相比，借助线路9可以满足严格实时要求。
图2中示出了与特定的、类似的信号模式相关的并且要在电机控制单元6和发动机控制单元7中执行的数据处理过程。此处，图2中的上图涉及电机控制单元6。要由电机控制单元6处理的信号由SV表示。图2中的下图涉及由发动机控制单元7执行的数据处理。在这种情况下，要处理的信号由SM表示。期望要由电机控制单元6处理的过程，该过程在时间t0处开始并持续到时间t1。该过程——也就是任务——的持续时间由TT表示。要分配给持续时间为TT的任务的数据包括与电机5和要定相的凸轮轴相关的信息。例如，这包括对凸轮轴或与凸轮轴有固定角度关系的零件上的参考标记的检测。同样或永久地连接至电机5的电机轴的设定轴的旋转方向也在任务的环境内被记录和评估。这同样适用于电机5的部件的状态或各个状态的持续时间的任何变化。应当特别提及的电机5的部件是其转子，其中，如果转子的角位置和角度变化存储在环形存储器10中，则转子的角位置和角度变化包括在电机控制单元6内的数据处理中。
从图2中可以看出，只要与电机控制单元6相关的任务数据被传送到发动机控制单元7，对应的信号模式也就出现在发动机控制单元7中。发动机控制单元7中可以分配给定时t0、t1和t2的定时由t0'、t1'和t2'表示。由于CAN总线8的给定特性，在发动机控制单元7中接收的数据与由电机控制单元6发送的数据之间会出现时间差，该时间差在图2中由TD表示。时间差TD小于任务持续时间TT的一半。时间差TD的值用于根据发动机控制单元7来设置电机控制单元6的时钟，并且因此使控制单元6、7中的数据处理过程同步。
附图标记列表
1 内燃机
2 发动机缸体
3 凸轮轴相位器
4 调整齿轮
5 电机
6 电机控制单元
7 内燃机的发动机控制单元
8 CAN数据总线
9 线路
10 电机控制单元中的环形存储器
11 发动机控制单元中的环形存储器
SM 由发动机控制处理的信号
SV 由电机控制处理的信号
T 时间
t0、t1、t2 与电机控制单元中的数据处理相关的定时
t0'、t1'和t2' 与发动机控制单元中的数据处理相关的定时
TD 时间差
TT 任务的持续时间

Claims (6)

1.一种用于操作机电式凸轮轴相位器(3)的方法，所述机电式凸轮轴相位器包括调整齿轮(4)和被设置用于致动所述调整齿轮(4)的电机(5)，所述电机通过电机控制单元(6)来控制，其中，关于所述电机(5)的操作的包括其电机轴的位置变化的数据经由数据总线(8)从所述电机控制单元(6)传送到包括所述凸轮轴相位器(3)的内燃机(1)的发动机控制单元(7)，并且其中，另外，重复时间信号经由单独的线路(9)从所述电机控制单元(6)传送到所述发动机控制单元(7)，与借助于所述数据总线(8)相比，借助于所述单独的线路能满足较严格实时要求，并且其中，所述时间信号用于通过与由所述发动机控制单元(7)接收的数据进行比较，在所述发动机控制单元(7)中生成时间差信号，所述时间差信号经由所述数据总线(8)反馈回所述电机控制单元(6)，并且在所述电机控制单元处用于使所述电机控制单元(6)与所述发动机控制单元(7)同步。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，与所述凸轮轴相位器(3)相关的连续过程在所述电机控制单元(6)和所述发动机控制单元(7)两者中进行处理，其中，关于所述过程的相应数据被记录在集成在所述电机控制单元(6)或所述发动机控制单元(7)中的环形存储器(10，11)中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，对存储在所述环形存储器(10，11)中的数据的评估大部分发生在所述电机控制单元(6)内。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，由所述电机控制单元(6)记录和传送的数据包括触发信号，所述触发信号与特定的凸轮轴位置相关并且设置有时间戳。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，通过霍尔传感器检测所述电机(5)的转子的位置变化。
6.一种用于控制具有至少一个机电式凸轮轴相位器(3)的内燃机(1)的装置，所述装置包括被设计成执行根据权利要求1所述的方法的两个控制单元(6，7)，即发动机控制单元(7)和电机控制单元(6)。
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