CN113823440B - 一种自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备方法及其应用,自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备过程:先以聚四氢呋喃为软段,异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯为硬段,双(2‑羟基乙基)二硫醚作为扩链剂制备自愈合聚氨酯材料;再以自愈合聚氨酯材料为弹性基底,将未固化的自愈合聚氨酯材料均匀地涂覆于银纳米线导电层上,形成银纳米线层嵌入自愈合聚氨酯表面的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极。该自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极可应用于柔性加热器中。本发明的有益效果是,制得的自愈合聚氨酯材料具有优异的断裂伸长率和自愈合性能,自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极具有优异的电学性能和自愈合性能,以及良好拉伸性能,自愈合聚氨酯柔性加热器应用于人体膝关节热疗方面。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及柔性加热器技术领域,尤其涉及一种自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备方法及其在柔性加热器方面的应用。
背景技术
随着社会的进步,传统的电子器件存在刚性和功能的单一性,已经不能满足人们当前可穿戴的需求。柔性化、集成化和多功能化的柔性电子器件已经逐渐应用于电子皮肤、健康监测等生活的方方面面,具有广阔的前景。然而在柔性电子产品的多次使用和加工的过程中,不可避免地产生微裂纹等损伤,从而导致电子产品机械性能、电学性能等综合性能下降并产生安全隐患。因此,急需开发出具有自愈合功能的聚合物材料,并将其应用于电子器件的制备中,自愈合功能可以使电子器件在多次出现机械损伤时自动修复到初始状态,能够有效地扩展柔性电极和加热器等电子器件的使用寿命,具有良好的应用前景。
目前,根据有无外界能量的参与可以将自愈合材料分为需要如光、热、pH等外界干预的非自主愈合材料和不需要外界干预的自主愈合材料,其中自主愈合的材料具有简单、响应快的优点,被认为是电子器件中最有前途的愈合材料。在自主自愈合的聚合物中,聚氨酯由于具有硬段与软段微相分离结构而具有良好的力学性能。制备自愈合柔性电子器件另一个需要解决的问题是:如何将导电功能材料与自愈合基底紧密结合,常用的方法是利用物理混合的方式直接将自愈合聚合物材料与导电材料混合,但是多数情况下导电材料很难被均匀分散,导致自愈合导电体系的电学灵敏度和愈合效率较低。
发明内容
为解决导电功能材料与自愈合基底结合导致的自愈合导电体系电学性能降低,自愈合效率降低的技术问题,本发明公开了一种自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备方法及其在柔性加热器方面的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤(1),先以聚四氢呋喃为软段,异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯为硬段,双(2-羟基乙基)二硫醚(HEDS)作为扩链剂,制备自愈合聚氨酯材料;
步骤(2),以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为封端剂、乙二醇(EG)为还原剂,采用多元醇法制备银纳米线;
步骤(3),先在PET基材上制成银纳米线导电层,以制得的自愈合聚氨酯材料作为弹性基底,利用滴涂和转印的方法,将未固化的自愈合聚氨酯材料均匀地涂覆于银纳米线导电层的上面,待自愈合聚氨酯材料固化后,揭去底部的PET基材,形成银纳米线层嵌入自愈合聚氨酯表面的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极。
进一步地,制备自愈合聚氨酯材料的过程,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1.1,先将聚四氢呋喃倒入三口烧瓶中,放入油浴锅中,在氩气氛围下电动搅拌30分钟;
步骤1.2,随后将油浴锅降温,再向三口烧瓶中加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)和乙酸乙酯进行反应1小时;
步骤1.3,将反应体系继续降温,向三口烧瓶中加入乙酸乙酯和双(2-羟基乙基)二硫醚(HEDS)进行反应1.5小时;
步骤1.4,反应结束后,将得到的粘稠液置于方形的聚四氟乙烯模具中,并在真空状态下脱泡,固化12小时,即得到白色透明的自愈合聚氨酯材料。
进一步地,步骤1.1中,油浴锅温度范围90-120℃;
步骤1.2中,油锅降温至60-90℃,
步骤1.3中,反应体系降温至30-50℃;
步骤1.4中,真空状态温度50-60℃。
进一步地,步骤1.1中,聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)的加入量为15-20g;
步骤1.2中,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)的加入量为5-10mL,二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)的加入量为40-60μL,乙酸乙酯的加入量为5-8mL;
步骤1.3中,乙酸乙酯的加入量为5-8 mL,双(2-羟基乙基)二硫醚(HEDS)的加入量为 2-6mL。
进一步地,银纳米线的制备过程,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤2.1,向乙二醇中加入一定量的PVP和CuCl2·2H2O,分散均匀,得到溶液A;
步骤2.2,将AgNO3溶解于一定量的乙二醇中,得到溶液B;
步骤2.3,将溶液A以恒定速率逐滴加入装有溶液B的圆底烧瓶中,室温环境下充分搅拌,再倒入聚四氟乙烯高压反应釜中,在160℃高温下反应180分钟,对反应后得到的产物分别用乙醇和水离心进行清洗,即可得到银纳米线。
进一步地,步骤(3)制备自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的具体过程为:
步骤3.1,先将步骤(2)制得的银纳米线分散于无水乙醇中,再将银纳米线溶液滴加至PET基材上,在80℃环境中烧结30min,即可在PET基材层上形成银纳米线导电层;
步骤3.2,再将未固化的自愈合聚氨酯材料均匀地涂覆于银纳米线导电层的上面,待自愈合聚氨酯材料固化后,银纳米线转移至自愈合聚氨酯材料表面,揭去底部的PET基材层,即形成自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极。
进一步地,银纳米线导电层的制备过程中,银纳米线溶液中,银纳米线质量分数为0.3%。
本发明还公开了上述自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极在柔性加热器方面的应用,可用于导电线路、热疗、药物输送、除雾等方面。
本发明的有益效果是,
1.以聚四氢呋喃为软段,异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯为硬段,双(2-羟基乙基)二硫醚为扩链剂,制备出了含有氢键、二硫键的自愈合聚氨酯材料,该自愈合聚氨酯材料具有优异的断裂伸长率和自愈合性能。
2.将制得的自愈合聚氨酯材料作为弹性基底,通过滴涂和转印的方法得到了具有良好拉伸性能的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极,实现了导电电极可拉伸和自愈合的需求。
3.制得的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极抗拉强度可达15.5 MPa,断裂伸长率约为1260%,在室温下5 s内即可恢复电路的连接并保持稳定,自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极还具有优良的电学性能和电学稳定性;
4.对制得的自愈合聚氨酯柔性加热器在施加低直流电压的情况下进行测试,施加1.2 V的低电压时,饱和温度可以达到61℃,证明自愈合聚氨酯柔性加热器具有良好加热性能和较低的能量消耗。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的自愈合聚氨酯材料透过率测试结果及实物图;
图2为实施例1制得的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极自愈合过程和效果展示图;
图3为实施例1制得的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极在拉伸状态下电阻变化和拉伸相对电阻变化示意图;
图4为实施例2制得的柔性加热器在人体关节上热疗应用效果图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提出基于氢键与二硫键自愈合聚氨酯体系,不仅具有良好的机械性能,也可以实现在室温下自主愈合的优良性能,以自愈合聚氨酯材料为基底,在自愈合聚氨酯材料表面引入导电材料,获得自愈合电子器件,实现自愈合电子器件能够承受可拉伸、弯曲、折叠等柔性特征,拓展其应用范围。
本发明通过选择合适的软段和硬段合成兼顾机械性能和愈合性能的自愈合聚氨酯基底,再采用滴涂和转印的方式制备出高性能的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极和柔性加热器。
实施例1
一种自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备方法,具体过程如下:
(1)先以聚四氢呋喃为软段,异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯为硬段,双(2-羟基乙基)二硫醚(HEDS)作为扩链剂,制备自愈合聚氨酯材料。
1.1,先将17 g聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)倒入三口烧瓶中,放入120℃油浴锅中,在氩气氛围下电动搅拌30分钟;
1.2,随后将油浴锅降温至70℃,再向三口烧瓶中加入9 mL异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、50 μL二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)和6 mL乙酸乙酯,进行反应1小时;
1.3,将反应体系继续降温至40℃,向三口烧瓶中加入6 mL乙酸乙酯和3 mL双(2-羟基乙基)二硫醚(HEDS)进行反应1.5小时;
1.4,反应结束后,将得到的粘稠液置于方形的聚四氟乙烯模具中,并在真空状态下脱泡,50℃下固化12小时,即得到白色透明的自愈合聚氨酯基底。
(2)以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为封端剂、乙二醇(EG)为还原剂,采用多元醇法制备形貌均一的银纳米线。
多元醇法银纳米线制备以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为封端剂、乙二醇(EG)为还原剂,银纳米线具有大批量、方法简单的特点。具体地:
2.1,向100 mL乙二醇中加入1.6650 g的PVP和0.0015 g 的CuCl2·2H2O,分散均匀,得到溶液A;
2.2,将10 mmol/L的AgNO3溶解于100 mL的乙二醇中,得到溶液B;
2.3,将溶液A以恒定速率逐滴加入装有溶液B的圆底烧瓶中,室温环境下充分搅拌,再倒入聚四氟乙烯高压反应釜中,在160℃高温下反应180分钟,对反应后得到的产物分别用乙醇和水离心进行清洗,即可得到银纳米线,制得的银纳米线需要保存在无水乙醇中,并避光保存。
(3)先将步骤(2)制得的银纳米线分散于无水乙醇中,再将质量分数为0.3 wt%的银纳米线溶液滴加至PET基材上,在80℃环境中烧结30min,即可在PET基材层上形成银纳米线导电层;
再将未固化的自愈合聚氨酯材料均匀地涂覆于银纳米线导电层的上面,待自愈合聚氨酯材料固化后,银纳米线转移至自愈合聚氨酯材料表面,揭去底部的PET基材层,即形成自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极。
对上述制得的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极进行机械性能和电学性能测试,抗拉强度可达15.5 MPa,断裂伸长率约为1260%,韧性值计算为61.57 MJ m-3,还具有优良的电学性能,在5 mm弯曲半径内和75%应变的拉伸状态下均可以保持良好的电学稳定性。另外,该自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极在室温下也具有良好的愈合性能,机械性能愈合能力与自愈合聚氨酯一致,电学性能愈合优异,切断后5 s内即可恢复电路的连接。
实施例2
将实施例1制得的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极应用于柔性加热器中,获得的自愈合聚氨酯柔性加热器在施加低直流电压的情况进行测试,施加1.2 V的低电压时饱和温度可以达到61℃,这就说明,该自愈合聚氨酯柔性加热器具有良好加热性能和较低的能量消耗。在室温下将该自愈合聚氨酯柔性加热器切开-愈合五次循环后,温度无明显变化,愈合效率高达88.92%。
实施例3
一种自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备方法,具体过程如下:
(1)先以聚四氢呋喃为软段,异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯为硬段,双(2-羟基乙基)二硫醚(HEDS)作为扩链剂,制备自愈合聚氨酯材料。
1.1,先将19 g聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)倒入三口烧瓶中,放入100℃油浴锅中,在氩气氛围下电动搅拌30分钟;
1.2,随后将油浴锅降温至80℃,再向三口烧瓶中加入10 mL异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、55 μL二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)和7mL乙酸乙酯,进行反应1小时;
1.3,将反应体系继续降温至35℃,向三口烧瓶中加入7mL乙酸乙酯和5 mL双(2-羟基乙基)二硫醚(HEDS)进行反应1.5小时;
1.4,反应结束后,将得到的粘稠液置于方形的聚四氟乙烯模具中,并在真空状态下脱泡,55℃下固化12小时,即得到白色透明的自愈合聚氨酯基底。
(2)以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为封端剂、乙二醇(EG)为还原剂,采用多元醇法制备形貌均一的银纳米线。
多元醇法银纳米线制备以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为封端剂、乙二醇(EG)为还原剂,银纳米线具有大批量、方法简单的特点。具体地:
2.1,向100 ml乙二醇中加入1.6650 g的PVP和0.0015 g 的CuCl2·2H2O,分散均匀,得到溶液A;
2.2,将10 mmol/L 的AgNO3溶解于100ml的乙二醇中,得到溶液B;
2.3,将溶液A以恒定速率逐滴加入装有溶液B的圆底烧瓶中,室温环境下充分搅拌,再倒入聚四氟乙烯高压反应釜中,在160℃高温下反应180分钟,对反应后得到的产物分别用乙醇和水离心进行清洗,即可得到银纳米线,制得的银纳米线需要保存在无水乙醇中,并避光保存。
(3)先将步骤(2)制得的银纳米线分散于无水乙醇中,再将质量分数为0.3 wt%的银纳米线溶液滴加至PET基材上,在80℃环境中烧结30min,即可在PET基材层上形成银纳米线导电层;
再将未固化的自愈合聚氨酯材料均匀地涂覆于银纳米线导电层的上面,待自愈合聚氨酯材料固化后,银纳米线转移至自愈合聚氨酯材料表面,揭去底部的PET基材层,即形成自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极。
对上述制得的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极进行机械性能和电学性能测试,抗拉强度可达15.1 MPa,断裂伸长率约为1210%,韧性值计算为59.46 MJ m-3,还具有优良的电学性能,在5 mm弯曲半径内和75%应变的拉伸状态下均可以保持良好的电学稳定性。另外,该自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极在室温下也具有良好的愈合性能,机械性能愈合能力与自愈合聚氨酯一致,电学性能愈合优异,切断后5 s内即可恢复电路的连接。
实施例4
将实施例3制得的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极应用于柔性加热器中,获得的自愈合聚氨酯柔性加热器在施加低直流电压的情况进行测试,施加1.2 V的低电压时饱和温度可以达到59℃,这就说明,该自愈合聚氨酯柔性加热器具有良好加热性能和较低的能量消耗。在室温下将该自愈合聚氨酯柔性加热器切开-愈合五次循环后,温度无明显变化,愈合效率高达88.32%。
本方法制备的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极具有的加热性能,制成自愈合聚氨酯柔性加热器,可在人体膝关节热疗应用方面表现出较好的应用前景。
当然,上述说明并非是对本发明的限制,本发明也并不仅限于上述举例,本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换,也应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备方法,其特征在于,
具体包括以下步骤:
步骤(1),先以聚四氢呋喃为软段,异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯为硬段,双(2-羟基乙基)二硫醚(HEDS)作为扩链剂,制备自愈合聚氨酯材料;
步骤(2),以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为封端剂、乙二醇(EG)为还原剂,采用多元醇法制备银纳米线;
步骤(3),先在PET基材上制成银纳米线导电层,以制得的自愈合聚氨酯材料作为弹性基底,利用滴涂和转印的方法,将未固化的自愈合聚氨酯材料均匀地涂覆于银纳米线导电层的上面,待自愈合聚氨酯材料固化后,揭去底部的PET基材,形成银纳米线层嵌入自愈合聚氨酯表面的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极;
上述制备自愈合聚氨酯材料的过程,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1.1,先将聚四氢呋喃倒入三口烧瓶中,放入油浴锅中,在氩气氛围下电动搅拌30分钟;
步骤1.2,随后将油浴锅降温,再向三口烧瓶中加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)和乙酸乙酯进行反应1小时;
步骤1.3,将反应体系继续降温,向三口烧瓶中加入乙酸乙酯和双(2-羟基乙基)二硫醚(HEDS)进行反应1.5小时;
步骤1.4,反应结束后,将得到的粘稠液置于方形的聚四氟乙烯模具中,并在真空状态下脱泡,固化12小时,即得到白色透明的自愈合聚氨酯材料;
上述步骤1.1中,聚四氢呋喃的加入量为15-20g;步骤1.2中,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)的加入量为5-10mL,二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)的加入量为40-60μL,乙酸乙酯的加入量为5-8mL;步骤1.3中,乙酸乙酯的加入量为5-8 mL,双(2-羟基乙基)二硫醚(HEDS)的加入量为2-6mL。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备方法,其特征在于,
步骤1.1中,油浴锅温度范围90-120℃;
步骤1.2中,油锅降温至60-90℃,
步骤1.3中,反应体系降温至30-50℃;
步骤1.4中,真空状态温度50-60℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备方法,其特征在于,
银纳米线的制备过程,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤2.1,向乙二醇中加入一定量的PVP和CuCl2·2H2O,分散均匀,得到溶液A;
步骤2.2,将AgNO3溶解于一定量的乙二醇中,得到溶液B;
步骤2.3,将溶液A以恒定速率逐滴加入装有溶液B的圆底烧瓶中,室温环境下充分搅拌,再倒入聚四氟乙烯高压反应釜中,在160℃高温下反应180分钟,对反应后得到的产物分别用乙醇和水离心进行清洗,即可得到银纳米线。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备方法,其特征在于,
步骤(3)制备自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的具体过程为:
步骤3.1,先将步骤(2)制得的银纳米线分散于无水乙醇中,再将银纳米线溶液滴加至PET基材上,在80℃环境中烧结30min,即可在PET基材层上形成银纳米线导电层;
步骤3.2,再将未固化的自愈合聚氨酯材料均匀地涂覆于银纳米线导电层的上面,待自愈合聚氨酯材料固化后,银纳米线转移至自愈合聚氨酯材料表面,揭去底部的PET基材层,即形成自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极的制备方法,其特征在于,
银纳米线导电层制备过程中,银纳米线溶液中,银纳米线质量分数为0.3%。
6.如权利要求4所述的制备方法制得的自愈合聚氨酯可拉伸电极在柔性加热器方面的应用。
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