CN113796473A - Preparation method of feed for improving fat utilization rate of tilapia - Google Patents
Preparation method of feed for improving fat utilization rate of tilapia Download PDFInfo
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a feed for improving the utilization rate of tilapia fat, which comprises the following steps: 1) mixing and crushing corn, wheat, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, peanut cake, rice bran and trehalose to obtain a mixed material; 2) mixing tannic acid, ethyl maltol and glycerol, heating in water bath, adding soybean phospholipid oil, and mixing to obtain tannic acid complex; 3) adding tannin compound, wheat germ fermentation powder, spirulina fermentation powder and chitosan oligosaccharide into the mixture, and performing steam conditioning to obtain a primary conditioning mixture; 4) mixing fish oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, fish multi-vitamin multi-mineral and emulsifier, adding the initial conditioning mixture, and continuously stirring to obtain premix; 5) the invention overcomes the problems of poor palatability and low stability of the tilapia feed, improves the utilization rate of tilapia fat, enhances the digestion and absorption of the feed, improves the ingestion rate, and is suitable for the growth and development of large-scale tilapia culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture feeds, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a feed for improving the utilization rate of tilapia fat.
Background
Tilapia mossambica, namely fushou fish, African crucian carp, south ocean crucian carp and the like, originally produces African fish and belongs to tropical fish. The tilapia feed is mainly used for breeding aquatic products in China, the yield accounts for more than half of the world, the demand of the tilapia feed is continuously increased along with the rapid development of intensive tilapia breeding and the popularization and the use of compound feed, and in order to meet the large-scale tilapia breeding, the conventional tilapia feed formula has high fat content, but the tilapia has low digestibility, so that tilapia liver comprehensive symptoms are frequently generated, the health and the growth of tilapia are not facilitated, and the aquatic product quality is reduced.
At present, the burden of the liver is reduced in a mode of reducing the fat content ratio in the feed, or traditional Chinese medicine extracts for improving intestinal digestion and absorption are added in the feed in an auxiliary mode to improve and enhance the intestinal digestion capacity of tilapia, but the former cannot meet the growth nutrition requirement of intensive tilapia culture, while the latter easily causes the palatability of tilapia feed to be greatly reduced, the feed stability is poor, the ingestion rate is low, the utilization rate of the tilapia feed is influenced, and the tilapia feed grows slowly. Therefore, the tilapia feed with good palatability and high stability is prepared, the tilapia fat utilization rate can be improved, the digestion and absorption of the feed are enhanced, the stable ingestion rate can be effectively ensured, the feed feeding stability is improved, and the tilapia feed is more suitable for the growth and development of large-scale tilapia culture.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a preparation method of a feed for improving the utilization rate of tilapia fat.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of a feed for improving the utilization rate of tilapia fat, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the formula proportion, mixing corn, wheat, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, peanut cake and rice bran, coarsely crushing, adding trehalose, mixing and stirring uniformly, and performing secondary micro-crushing and sieving by 180-200 meshes to obtain a mixed material;
step 2: stirring and mixing tannic acid, ethyl maltol and glycerol, heating in a water bath to 50-60 ℃, adding soybean phospholipid oil, and continuously stirring and mixing at the speed of 180-220 r/min for 40-50 min to obtain a tannic acid compound;
and step 3: adding the tannin compound, the wheat germ fermentation powder, the spirulina fermentation powder and the chitosan oligosaccharide into the mixture, uniformly mixing, transferring into a conditioner, introducing water vapor, and conditioning at 75-85 ℃ for 8-12 min to obtain a primary conditioning mixture;
and 4, step 4: uniformly mixing the fish oil, the calcium hydrophosphate, the fish multi-vitamin multi-mineral and the emulsifier according to a formula ratio, adding the primarily-modified mixture, and continuously stirring at a speed of 150-180 r/min for 40-50 min to obtain a premix;
and 5: and (3) transferring the premix into a conditioner again, carrying out secondary conditioning, preparing into expanded particles through an expansion process, drying at the temperature of 60-65 ℃, and cooling to obtain the tilapia feed.
Further, the feed comprises, by weight, 10-15 parts of corn, 10-15 parts of wheat, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 8-15 parts of cottonseed meal, 8-10 parts of peanut cake, 3-5 parts of rice bran, 0.2-0.3 part of trehalose, 3-5 parts of fish oil, 1.8-2.2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.4 part of fish multi-vitamin mineral, 0.05-0.08 part of emulsifier, 2-4 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 0.4-0.6 part of glycerol, 0.1-0.2 part of tannic acid, 0.1-0.2 part of ethyl maltol, 2-3 parts of wheat germ oligosaccharide, 1-2 parts of spirulina fermentation powder and 0.02-0.03 part of chitosan oligosaccharide.
Further explaining, in the step 2, the water bath heating temperature is 55 ℃, the stirring speed is 200r/min, and the tannin compound is obtained after stirring and mixing for 45 min.
Further, the wheat germ fermentation powder is prepared by extruding and puffing wheat germs, then crushing the extruded and puffed wheat germs, adding 20 times of water by volume, 0.5 time of corn flour and 0.02 wt% of lactobacillus plantarum, mixing, fermenting for 1-3 days at 35-40 ℃, filtering, drying and sterilizing.
Further, the spirulina fermentation powder is prepared by mixing spirulina according to a volume ratio of 1: 35: 0.3, adding water and mixing with corn flour, inoculating 0.02 wt% of bacillus subtilis, fermenting for 1-2 days at 32-38 ℃, filtering, drying and sterilizing to obtain the corn powder.
Further, the emulsifier is glyceryl monostearate.
Further, in the step 3, the tempering temperature is 80 ℃ and the tempering time is 10 min.
Further explaining, in the step 3, standing for 1-3 hours at constant temperature after tempering is completed to obtain a primary tempered mixture.
Further, in the step 5, the tempering temperature is 90 ℃ and the tempering time is 20min
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method of the feed for improving the tilapia mossambica fat utilization rate effectively solves the problems of poor palatability and low stability of the existing tilapia mossambica feed, improves the tilapia mossambica fat utilization rate, enhances the digestion and absorption of the feed, effectively ensures the stable ingestion rate, improves the feed feeding stability, and is more suitable for the growth and development of large-scale tilapia mossambica culture.
(1) According to the invention, through compounding of the tannic acid compound with the wheat germ fermentation powder and the spirulina fermentation powder, the regulation of fish intestines and stomach is promoted, digestion is promoted, liver and intestinal health are protected, the utilization rate of tilapia fat is improved, the body immunity of tilapia is enhanced, meanwhile, tannic acid, ethyl maltol and soybean phospholipid oil are fully blended in a glycerol solvent, and the interaction of chitosan oligosaccharide and trehalose is utilized, so that the astringency and hygroscopicity of tannic acid are effectively overcome, the palatability and the stability of the feed are fully improved, and the ingestion rate of tilapia is improved.
(2) According to the invention, the scientific combination of the tannin compound and the raw material components is utilized, and the secondary conditioning effect is combined, so that the tilapia compound feed with good palatability and high stability is formed, the growth of tilapia is promoted, the liver burden of the tilapia is reduced, the water stability of the feed is increased, the ingestion of the tilapia is promoted, and the feeding stability of the feed is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1
A preparation method of feed for improving the utilization rate of fat of tilapia comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of corn, 10 parts of wheat, 20 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of cottonseed meal, 8 parts of peanut cake, 3 parts of rice bran, 0.2 part of trehalose, 3 parts of fish oil, 1.8 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of fish multi-vitamin multi-mineral, 0.05 part of glycerin monostearate, 2 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 0.4 part of glycerol, 0.1 part of tannic acid, 0.1 part of ethyl maltol, 2 parts of wheat germ fermentation powder, 1 part of spirulina fermentation powder and 0.02 part of chitosan oligosaccharide;
s2, mixing corn, wheat, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, peanut cake and rice bran according to a formula ratio, coarsely crushing, adding trehalose, mixing and stirring uniformly, and performing secondary micro-crushing and sieving by a 180-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed material;
s3, stirring and mixing tannic acid, ethyl maltol and glycerol, heating in a water bath to 50 ℃, adding soybean phospholipid oil, and continuously stirring and mixing at the speed of 180r/min for 40min to obtain a tannin compound;
s4, adding the tannin compound, the wheat germ fermentation powder, the spirulina fermentation powder and the chitosan oligosaccharide into the mixture, uniformly mixing, transferring into a conditioner, introducing water vapor, conditioning for 8min at 75 ℃, and standing for 1h at constant temperature to obtain a primary conditioning mixture;
s5, uniformly mixing the fish oil, the calcium hydrophosphate, the fish multi-vitamin multi-mineral and the glycerin monostearate according to a formula ratio, adding the primary tempering mixture, and continuously stirring at a speed of 150r/min for 40min to obtain a premix;
and S6, transferring the premix into a conditioner again, carrying out secondary conditioning at 90 ℃ for 20min, making into expanded particles through an expansion process, drying at 60 ℃, and cooling to obtain the tilapia feed.
Example 2
A preparation method of feed for improving the utilization rate of fat of tilapia comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of corn, 15 parts of wheat, 30 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of cottonseed meal, 10 parts of peanut cake, 5 parts of rice bran, 0.3 part of trehalose, 5 parts of fish oil, 2.2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4 part of fish multi-vitamin multi-mineral, 0.08 part of glycerin monostearate, 4 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 0.6 part of glycerol, 0.2 part of tannic acid, 0.2 part of ethyl maltol, 3 parts of wheat germ fermentation powder, 2 parts of spirulina fermentation powder and 0.03 part of chitosan oligosaccharide;
s2, mixing corn, wheat, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, peanut cake and rice bran according to a formula ratio, coarsely crushing, adding trehalose, mixing and stirring uniformly, and performing secondary micro-crushing and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed material;
s3, stirring and mixing tannic acid, ethyl maltol and glycerol, heating in a water bath to 60 ℃, adding soybean phospholipid oil, and continuously stirring and mixing at a speed of 220r/min for 50min to obtain a tannin compound;
s4, adding the tannin compound, the wheat germ fermentation powder, the spirulina fermentation powder and the chitosan oligosaccharide into the mixture, uniformly mixing, transferring into a conditioner, introducing water vapor, conditioning at 85 ℃ for 12min, and standing at constant temperature for 3h to obtain a primary conditioning mixture;
s5, uniformly mixing the fish oil, the calcium hydrophosphate, the fish multi-vitamin multi-mineral and the glycerin monostearate according to the formula proportion, adding the initial conditioning mixture, and continuously stirring for 50min at the speed of 180r/min to obtain a premix;
and S6, transferring the premix into a conditioner again, carrying out secondary conditioning at 90 ℃ for 20min, making into expanded particles through an expansion process, drying at 65 ℃, and cooling to obtain the tilapia feed.
Example 3
A preparation method of feed for improving the utilization rate of fat of tilapia comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of corn, 12 parts of wheat, 25 parts of bean pulp, 10 parts of cottonseed meal, 9 parts of peanut cake, 4 parts of rice bran, 0.25 part of trehalose, 4 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 part of fish multi-vitamin multi-mineral, 0.06 part of glycerin monostearate, 3 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 0.5 part of glycerol, 0.15 part of tannic acid, 0.15 part of ethyl maltol, 2.5 parts of wheat germ fermentation powder, 1.5 parts of spirulina fermentation powder and 0.03 part of chitosan oligosaccharide;
s2, mixing corn, wheat, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, peanut cake and rice bran according to a formula ratio, coarsely crushing, adding trehalose, mixing and stirring uniformly, and performing secondary micro-crushing and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed material;
s3, stirring and mixing tannic acid, ethyl maltol and glycerol, heating in a water bath to 55 ℃, adding soybean phospholipid oil, and continuously stirring and mixing at the speed of 200r/min for 45min to obtain a tannin compound;
s4, adding the tannin compound, the wheat germ fermentation powder, the spirulina fermentation powder and the chitosan oligosaccharide into the mixture, uniformly mixing, transferring into a conditioner, introducing water vapor, conditioning at 80 ℃ for 10min, and standing at constant temperature for 2h to obtain a primary conditioning mixture;
s5, uniformly mixing the fish oil, the calcium hydrophosphate, the fish multi-vitamin multi-mineral (vitamin Nuo) and the glycerin monostearate according to a formula proportion, adding the initial conditioning mixture, and continuously stirring at a speed of 175r/min for 45min to obtain a premix;
and S6, transferring the premix into a conditioner again, carrying out secondary conditioning at 90 ℃ for 20min, making into expanded particles through an expansion process, drying at 65 ℃, and cooling to obtain the tilapia feed.
The wheat germ fermentation powder in the embodiment is prepared by extruding and puffing wheat germ, crushing, adding 20 times of water by volume, 0.5 times of corn flour and 0.02 wt% of lactobacillus plantarum, mixing, fermenting for 2d at 38 ℃, filtering, drying and sterilizing; the spirulina fermentation powder is prepared from spirulina according to the volume ratio of 1: 35: 0.3, adding water and corn flour, mixing, inoculating 0.02 wt% of bacillus subtilis, fermenting at 35 deg.C for 2 days, filtering, drying, and sterilizing.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of tilapia feed, which is characterized in that according to the preparation method of tilapia feed in embodiment 3, each raw material formula comprises 12 parts of corn, 12 parts of wheat, 25 parts of bean pulp, 10 parts of cottonseed meal, 9 parts of peanut cake, 4 parts of rice bran, 0.25 part of trehalose, 4 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 part of fish multi-vitamin multi-mineral, 0.06 part of glycerin monostearate, 0.5 part of glycerin, 0.15 part of tannic acid, 2.5 parts of wheat germ fermentation powder, 1.5 parts of spirulina fermentation powder and 0.03 part of chitosan oligosaccharide in parts by weight;
in step 3, the tannic acid and the glycerol are mixed, and the mixture is continuously stirred and mixed for 45min at the speed of 200r/min to obtain the tannic acid compound.
Comparative example 2
A method for preparing tilapia feed, according to the method for preparing tilapia feed of example 3, except that, in step 3, tannic acid, ethyl maltol, glycerin and soybean lecithin oil are mixed at normal temperature, and continuously stirred and mixed for 45min at a speed of 100r/min, to obtain tannic acid complex.
Comparative example 3
A preparation method of tilapia feed is characterized in that in step 3, tannic acid, ethyl maltol, glycerol and soybean phospholipid oil are directly added into a mixed material to be mixed, wheat germ fermentation powder, spirulina fermentation powder and chitosan oligosaccharide are sequentially added to be uniformly mixed, the mixture is transferred into a conditioner, and water vapor is introduced to condition the mixture for 10min at 80 ℃ to obtain a primary conditioning mixture.
Comparative example 4
A preparation method of tilapia feed is characterized in that in step 4, tannin compound, wheat germ fermentation powder, spirulina fermentation powder and chitosan oligosaccharide are added into a mixture and uniformly mixed, and are directly added into a mixture formed by mixing fish oil, calcium hydrophosphate, fish multi-vitamin multi-mineral and an emulsifier without conditioning treatment, and the mixture is continuously stirred for 45min at the speed of 175r/min to obtain premix.
Comparative example 5
A preparation method of tilapia feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of corn, 12 parts of wheat, 25 parts of bean pulp, 10 parts of cottonseed meal, 9 parts of peanut cake, 4 parts of rice bran, 0.25 part of trehalose, 4 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 part of fish multi-vitamin multi-mineral, 0.06 part of glycerin monostearate, 3 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 0.5 part of glycerol, 0.15 part of tannic acid, 0.15 part of ethyl maltol, 2.5 parts of wheat germ fermentation powder, 1.5 parts of spirulina fermentation powder and 0.03 part of chitosan oligosaccharide;
mixing corn, wheat, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, peanut cake and rice bran, coarsely crushing, adding trehalose, mixing and stirring uniformly, and performing secondary micro-crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed material; and sequentially adding the rest of the feed into the mixed materials, uniformly mixing and stirring, transferring into a conditioner for conditioning at the conditioning temperature of 90 ℃ for 20min, preparing into puffed particles through a puffing process, drying at the temperature of 65 ℃, and cooling to obtain the tilapia feed.
Example 4 Tilapia mossambica different feed cultivation experiment
1. Experimental materials: selecting tilapia mossambica cultured in the same pond in the same batch, wherein the tilapia mossambica has an equal body form and an average body weight of (2.05 +/-0.15) g/tail;
2. experimental setup:
(1) selecting a tilapia mossambica breeding test pond in Wanning Hainan city, controlling the water depth to be 60 +/-3 cm, setting 8 experimental groups, wherein each group contains 3 repeats, and each repeat has 10 tails, and feeding by using tilapia mossambica feeds prepared in the above examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 respectively; during the test period, the feeding is performed twice per day after full feeding; and (3) regularly changing water, catching sundries on the water surface, keeping the water surface clean, and timely changing the feeding amount according to the change of the physique and the quality of the tilapia.
(2) The following growth indexes and the tilapia liver and pancreas lipase activity are respectively measured, and the results are shown in the following table:
the feed intake rate (%) < feed intake/[ (initial weight of fish body + end weight of fish body)/2 ]/t × 100, wherein t is test days;
the bait coefficient is the total amount of food intake/fish body weight gain;
liver ratio (HSI,%) fish liver weight/fish body weight × 100%;
fish visceral weight/fish body weight × 100% visceral weight (VSI,%);
fullness (CF, g/cm)3) Weight of fish terminal body/L3X 100%, wherein L is the length of the fish body;
as can be seen from the above table, the tilapia mossambica in the examples 1-3 has high food intake rate and a bait coefficient less than 1, and the body ratio and the liver ratio of the tilapia mossambica are obviously improved, the fullness and the liver and pancreas lipase are obviously improved, the liver is purple red, the body ratio of the tilapia mossambica is increased and kept between 1% and 2%, and the tilapia mossambica does not belong to the phenomenon of hepatomegaly. In comparative example 1, the liver body ratio and the visceral body ratio were improved, but the food intake rate and the feed factor were significantly reduced, and the fullness was reduced. Compared with the embodiment 3, the ingestion rate and the fullness of the tilapia mossambica are reduced, the lipase in liver and pancreas is obviously reduced, and in the comparative examples 4 and 5, the liver ratio of the tilapia mossambica is excessively increased, the ingestion rate and the fullness are obviously reduced, and the growth quality of the tilapia mossambica is reduced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of feed for improving the utilization rate of fat of tilapia is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the formula proportion, mixing corn, wheat, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, peanut cake and rice bran, coarsely crushing, adding trehalose, mixing and stirring uniformly, and performing secondary micro-crushing and sieving by 180-200 meshes to obtain a mixed material;
step 2: stirring and mixing tannic acid, ethyl maltol and glycerol, heating in a water bath to 50-60 ℃, adding soybean phospholipid oil, and continuously stirring and mixing at the speed of 180-220 r/min for 40-50 min to obtain a tannic acid compound;
and step 3: adding the tannin compound, the wheat germ fermentation powder, the spirulina fermentation powder and the chitosan oligosaccharide into the mixture, uniformly mixing, transferring into a conditioner, introducing water vapor, and conditioning at 75-85 ℃ for 8-12 min to obtain a primary conditioning mixture;
and 4, step 4: uniformly mixing the fish oil, the calcium hydrophosphate, the fish multi-vitamin multi-mineral and the emulsifier according to a formula ratio, adding the primarily-modified mixture, and continuously stirring at a speed of 150-180 r/min for 40-50 min to obtain a premix;
and 5: and (3) transferring the premix into a conditioner again, carrying out secondary conditioning, preparing into expanded particles through an expansion process, drying at the temperature of 60-65 ℃, and cooling to obtain the tilapia feed.
2. The preparation method of the feed for improving the fat utilization rate of tilapia according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the raw material formula comprises, by weight, 10-15 parts of corn, 10-15 parts of wheat, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 8-15 parts of cottonseed meal, 8-10 parts of peanut cake, 3-5 parts of rice bran, 0.2-0.3 part of trehalose, 3-5 parts of fish oil, 1.8-2.2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.4 part of fish multi-vitamin multi-mineral, 0.05-0.08 part of emulsifier, 2-4 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 0.4-0.6 part of glycerol, 0.1-0.2 part of tannic acid, 0.1-0.2 part of ethyl maltol, 2-3 parts of wheat germ fermentation powder, 1-2 parts of spirulina fermentation powder and 0.02-0.03 part of chitosan oligosaccharide.
3. The preparation method of the feed for improving the fat utilization rate of tilapia according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: and 2, stirring and mixing for 45min at the water bath heating temperature of 55 ℃ and the stirring speed of 200r/min to obtain the tannin compound.
4. The preparation method of the feed for improving the fat utilization rate of tilapia according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the wheat germ fermentation powder is prepared by extruding and puffing wheat germs, then crushing the extruded and puffed wheat germs, adding 20 times of water by volume, 0.5 time of corn flour and 0.02 wt% of lactobacillus plantarum, mixing, fermenting for 1-3 days at 35-40 ℃, filtering, drying and sterilizing.
5. The preparation method of the feed for improving the fat utilization rate of tilapia according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the spirulina fermentation powder is prepared from spirulina according to the volume ratio of 1: 35: 0.3, adding water and mixing with corn flour, inoculating 0.02 wt% of bacillus subtilis, fermenting for 1-2 days at 32-38 ℃, filtering, drying and sterilizing to obtain the corn powder.
6. The preparation method of the feed for improving the fat utilization rate of tilapia according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the emulsifier is glyceryl monostearate.
7. The preparation method of the feed for improving the fat utilization rate of tilapia according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in the step 3, the tempering temperature is 80 ℃, and the tempering time is 10 min.
8. The preparation method of the feed for improving the fat utilization rate of tilapia according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: and 3, standing for 1-3 hours at constant temperature after tempering is completed to obtain a primary tempered mixture.
9. The preparation method of the feed for improving the fat utilization rate of tilapia according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in the step 5, the tempering temperature is 90 ℃, and the tempering time is 20 min.
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| US20200407764A1 (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2020-12-31 | Cj Cheiljedang Corporation | Method for preparing fermented composition with improved odor using yeast |
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| CN102018123A (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-04-20 | 天津市康好饲料有限公司 | Freshwater fish feed and preparation method thereof |
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