CN113787804A - 高效隔音棉的加工工艺、隔音棉及应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高效隔音棉的加工工艺、隔音棉及应用,隔音棉加工工艺采用针刺开孔工艺对闭孔型发泡棉中的部分泡孔结构进行开孔,形成针刺破孔型发泡棉;针刺破孔型发泡棉在针刺方向上的泡孔贯通、其余方向的泡孔不连通。本发明的优势在于:选取用于保温材质的闭孔型发泡棉作为隔音棉,进行物理针刺开孔的加工,形成针刺破孔型发泡棉,这样加工过的隔音棉兼具对高频噪音的吸音和中低频噪音的隔音功能,同时具有防火、耐高温等性能,制作工序简单高效,实现隔音棉吸声优良且吸声性能均一的效果,可根据需要应用于不同场景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于隔音棉领域,尤其涉及一种高效隔音棉的加工工艺、隔音棉及应用。
背景技术
家电压缩机在使用过程中,会产生频段在1~4000Hz的噪音,包括1000Hz以上的高频段噪声和低于1000Hz的中低频段噪音。为此通常在家电上压缩机上包上一层隔音棉,以降低噪音的产生。
现有的隔音棉通为2层聚酯纤维或碎布加中间1层PVC胶皮,材料压缩率较高、厚度较为轻薄,但该材质的吸声特性多针对于高频噪音,对于中低频噪音吸声性能有限。而且由于聚酯纤维间互相卷曲勾连,使用聚酯纤维为主要材质的隔音棉存在严重的掉絮问题,在拿取、使用的过程中,都会导致隔音棉掉絮,易导致生产员工的过敏及呼吸疾病,严重影响生产员工的职业健康,急需进行改善。
而发泡吸音材料,具备成本低、可成型复杂结构、不掉絮优势。分为开孔型发泡和闭孔型发泡材料,对于开孔型发泡材料,材料内部孔隙为内部互相贯通的开口,其吸声机理是声波深入材料的孔隙受到空气分子摩擦和粘滞阻力,以及使细小纤维作机械振动,从而使声能转变为热能,达到吸声降噪目的,但仍然是对1000Hz以上的高频段噪声起吸音降噪作用较好,无法有效解决1000Hz以下的中低频噪声偏大的问题。而闭孔型发泡材料,由于封闭的泡孔结构,因此声波不会直接从空隙中穿过造成声透,闭孔材料内部声波不断在固相-气相这一阻抗不匹配的界面上发生反射,使得透过的声波减少,隔音量得到提高,闭孔发泡材料对于1000Hz以下的噪音隔音效果较好,但本身不具备吸声功能,而且受材料本身质量和密度影响较大。
现有技术中为解决上述问题一般集中于对发泡吸音材料本身发泡工艺的改进,或采用不同材料复合的方式来制作适用于不同用途场合的隔音材料。但工艺的改进一般较为复杂,而且应用于实际也需要考虑生产成本,应用范围有限。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中,隔音材料对高中低频噪音频段无法全面吸音或隔音,改进工艺复杂的问题,提供一种高效隔音棉的加工工艺及应用。
本发明的技术方案如下:一种高效隔音棉的加工工艺,采用针刺开孔工艺对闭孔型发泡棉中的部分泡孔结构进行开孔,形成针刺破孔型发泡棉;针刺破孔型发泡棉在针刺方向上的泡孔贯通、其余方向的泡孔不连通。
进一步地,针刺开孔工艺包括如下步骤:
S1、闭孔型发泡棉平放至传送带上;
S2、输送至开孔针刺设备下方进行针刺加工,针刺密度为100针/cm2,针刺深度为发泡棉厚度的2/3;
S3、由履带进一步输送至切割设备处,直接冲压切割出目标形状。
进一步地,隔音棉为针刺破孔型发泡棉+胶皮+针刺破孔型发泡棉三层复合结构或针刺破孔型发泡棉+胶皮两层复合结构。
进一步地,所述胶皮为软质PVC胶皮,隔音棉中各层厚度为:针刺破孔型发泡棉:1mm~30mm、PVC胶皮:0.5mm~5mm。
进一步地,隔音棉制作工艺为:在PVC胶皮表面刷胶,与针刺破孔型发泡棉粘贴复合为三层结构,分别为正面发泡层、胶皮层、背面发泡层,于两端缝合魔术贴。
优选的,正面发泡层质量为5kg、胶皮层质量为2kg、背面发泡层质量为2kg。
优选的,正面发泡层质量为10kg、胶皮层质量为2kg、背面发泡层质量为2kg。
进一步地,所述闭孔型发泡棉选自聚氨酯泡棉、橡塑棉任一种。
一种高效隔音棉,采用上述加工工艺制成。
一种高效隔音棉的应用,采用上述加工工艺制成的隔音棉应用于家电压缩机。
本发明的优势在于:选取用于保温材质的闭孔型发泡棉作为隔音棉,进行物理针刺开孔的加工,形成针刺破孔型发泡棉,这样加工过的隔音棉兼具对高频噪音的吸音和中低频噪音的隔音功能,同时具有防火、耐高温等性能,制作工序简单高效,实现隔音棉吸声优良且吸声性能均一的效果,可根据需要应用于不同场景。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供的是一种优选用于家电压缩机的高效隔音棉,是一种加工工艺简单,兼具优良吸音效果和良好的耐高温性能、阻燃性能的隔音棉。
本发明的原理在于:选用聚氨酯泡棉、橡塑棉(是由PVC与丁腈橡胶或乙丙橡胶等共混发泡),为全闭孔结构,再对部分发泡孔进行物理微观破孔,使得部分材料形成破孔型结构,另一部分仍保持全闭孔结构。既保障材料的物性不降低,又达到优良的吸音效果。
选用原本应用于保温材质的聚氨酯泡棉、橡塑棉作为隔音材料,是由于压缩机在使用时,长期使用温度为90℃,压缩机在110℃时将会自保护,但瞬间最高温度仍可达120℃,因此应用于压缩机外的隔音棉需具备良好的耐高温性能。同时,在达成降噪、耐高温性能的同时,由于家电防火需要,也需要阻燃保障。而聚氨酯泡棉、橡塑棉材料具有良好的阻燃、防火、防潮及减震功能,同时是全闭孔结构,方便进行物理加工。
本发明的隔音棉采用发泡棉+胶皮+发泡棉三层复合结构或发泡棉+胶皮两层复合结构。所述PVC胶皮为软质PVC胶皮,隔音棉中各层厚度为:发泡棉:1mm~30mm、PVC胶皮:0.5mm~5mm、发泡棉:1mm~30mm。
现有的对闭孔结构的发泡棉物理开孔技术常选用压辊式开孔,但对于泡孔密度较大的聚氨酯泡棉、橡塑棉来说,通过泡孔中的气体在机械作用下的整体挤压形成连续开孔的形式,存在开孔不均匀,不彻底、破孔率难以调节的情况,所以非本发明的选用的开孔工艺。
本发明使用针刺开孔工艺对闭孔发泡棉进行开孔。
设备特点:均匀间隔1mm的针刺设备
开孔步骤:
S1、闭孔型发泡棉平放至传送带上;
S2、输送至开孔针刺设备下方进行针刺加工,针刺密度为100针/cm2,针刺深度为发泡棉厚度的2/3;
S3、由传送带进一步输送至切割设备处,直接冲压切割出目标形状。
通过本工艺制备出的开孔隔音棉材料,由于采用针刺工艺,使得针刺刺出的泡孔不同于压辊挤压形成的相互贯通的开孔结构,仅保留针刺方向上的泡孔贯通、其余方向不连通,同时整体材料保留1/3厚度的未开孔的泡孔结构。这样加工过的隔音棉兼具开孔型发泡棉和闭孔型发泡棉的吸音和隔音优势,同时能保留材料的物性,避免产生易撕裂、掉絮等问题;对高频噪音的吸音和中低频噪音的隔音功能,最终实现吸声优良且吸声性能均一效果,并且制作工序简单高效。
为进一步说明本发明的效果,以下对比不同加工方式对发泡隔音棉的吸声效果的影响。
本发明选用的闭孔型发泡棉符合以下性能:
项目 | 耐热/℃ | 平均吸声系数 | 阻燃性 | 密度(Kg/m<sup>3</sup>) | 硬度(邵氏A) |
性能指标 | ≥120 | ≥0.25 | B1 | ≥20 | 75±10 |
实施例1:
一种高效隔音棉,其组成方式参见表1。
其制作工艺为:
1)在PVC胶皮表面刷胶,和全闭孔型发泡棉粘贴复合为三层结构。
2)经冲压机冲压为目标形状
3)于两端缝合魔术贴
实施例2:
1)在PVC胶皮表面刷胶,和压辊破孔型发泡棉粘贴复合为三层结构。
2)经冲压机冲压为目标形状
3)于两端缝合魔术贴
实施例3:
1)在PVC胶皮表面刷胶,和针刺破孔型发泡棉(已于针刺时冲压好形状)粘贴复合为三层结构。
2)于两端缝合魔术贴
实施例4:
1)在PVC胶皮表面刷胶,和针刺破孔型发泡棉(已于针刺时冲压好形状)粘贴复合为两层结构。
2)于两端缝合魔术贴
实施例5:
一种高效隔音棉,其组成方式参见表1。
其制备工艺同实施例3。
实施例6:
一种高效隔音棉,其组成方式参见表1。
其制备工艺同实施例3。
实施例7:
一种高效隔音棉,其组成方式参见表1。
其制备工艺同实施例3。
实施例8:
一种高效隔音棉,其组成方式参见表1。
其制备工艺同实施例3。
实施例9:
一种高效隔音棉,其组成方式参见表1。
其制备工艺同实施例3。
以上实施例按照GB/T 18696.2-2002进行测试。
测试系统由阻抗管、声源系统、传声器及频率分析器等部分组成。
按阻抗管的大小准备实验片3片,取吸声系数平均值为测试结果。
由声源系统发声,测量测试样品前两个传声器位置上的声压,然后计算两个传声器声压的复传递函数来确定法向入射声反射因数,从而计算得到测试样品材料的法向入射吸声系数。
吸声系数由下式计算。
α=1-r2=1-rr2-ri2…………………………………(2)
式中:
α——吸声系数;
r——法向入射反射因数;
rr——反射因数的实部;
ri——反射因数的虚部;
H12——此总声场的传递函数;
HI——入射波的传递函数;
HR——反射波的传递函数;
k0——反射波的传递函数;
x1——样品到远的传声器的距离。
取1Hz-4000Hz的吸声系数平均值即平均吸声系数。
测试结果见表1
表1不同加工工艺对隔音棉的测试结果
各实施例中,对厚度组成的具体的细化选择不做限定,本领域技术人员根据发明内容所能做出的选择均可适用。
从测试结果分析可以看出:
1)从实施例1、实施例2、实施3可以看出破孔型隔音棉吸声系数显著优于非破孔型隔音棉。
2)从实施例2、实施3可以看本发明的针刺破孔型隔音棉在低频噪音和平均噪音吸收上较压辊破孔型隔音棉有显著提升。
3)从实施例3、从实施例7、实施例8、实施例9可以看出,随正面层针刺橡塑棉厚度的增加,吸声系数持续增加。
4)从实施例3、实施例4、实施例5可以看出,背面层对吸声系数影响较少,主要起保护作用。
5)从实施例4、实施例6可以看出,胶皮厚度对吸声系数影响不大,主要吸声效果由正面发泡层决定。
6)从全部实施例可以看出,选择合适的发泡棉(聚氨酯发泡、橡塑发泡等),可以达到B1阻燃等级及大于120℃的耐温性能,具备家电上宽广的应用前景。
根据以上实施例,结合家电应用场景,优选实施例3、7的制备方法,可制备不同吸声系数、不同成本范围的的隔音棉,符合家点应用,为优选方案。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高效隔音棉的加工工艺,其特征在于:采用针刺开孔工艺对闭孔型发泡棉中的部分泡孔结构进行开孔,形成针刺破孔型发泡棉;针刺破孔型发泡棉在针刺方向上的泡孔贯通、其余方向的泡孔不连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高效隔音棉的加工工艺,其特征在于,针刺开孔工艺包括如下步骤:
S1、闭孔型发泡棉平放至传送带上;
S2、输送至开孔针刺设备下方进行针刺加工,针刺密度为100针/cm2,针刺深度为发泡棉厚度的2/3;
S3、由履带进一步输送至切割设备处,直接冲压切割出目标形状。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高效隔音棉的加工工艺,其特征在于,隔音棉为针刺破孔型发泡棉+胶皮+针刺破孔型发泡棉三层复合结构或针刺破孔型发泡棉+胶皮两层复合结构。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高效隔音棉的加工工艺,其特征在于,所述胶皮为软质PVC胶皮,隔音棉中各层厚度为:针刺破孔型发泡棉:1mm~30mm、PVC胶皮:0.5mm~5mm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高效隔音棉的加工工艺,其特征在于,隔音棉制作工艺为:在PVC胶皮表面刷胶,与针刺破孔型发泡棉粘贴复合为三层结构,分别为正面发泡层、胶皮层、背面发泡层,于两端缝合魔术贴。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高效隔音棉的加工工艺,其特征在于:正面发泡层质量为5kg、胶皮层质量为2kg、背面发泡层质量为2kg。
7.根据权利要求5所述的高效隔音棉的加工工艺,其特征在于:正面发泡层质量为10kg、胶皮层质量为2kg、背面发泡层质量为2kg。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一所述的高效隔音棉的加工工艺,其特征在于,所述闭孔型发泡棉选自聚氨酯泡棉、橡塑棉任一种。
9.一种高效隔音棉,其特征在于,采用权利要求1至8任一所述的加工工艺制成。
10.一种高效隔音棉的应用,其特征在于,采用权利要求1至8任一所述的加工工艺制成的隔音棉应用于家电压缩机。
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