CN113785023B - 可逆热变色性书写工具用水性墨液组合物、以及内置其的替换笔芯及水性圆珠笔 - Google Patents
可逆热变色性书写工具用水性墨液组合物、以及内置其的替换笔芯及水性圆珠笔 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种书写性优异,并且着色剂的凝集、组合物的粘度上升、笔迹浓度的下降等问题少的可逆热变色性水性墨液组合物、及内置其的替换笔芯及水性圆珠笔。本发明是可逆热变色性水性墨液组合物,其含有由有机树脂形成的微胶囊中内包可逆热变色性组合物而成的可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料、N‑乙烯基‑2‑吡咯烷酮聚合物、甘油及水;并且将所述可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料、所述N‑乙烯基‑2‑吡咯烷酮聚合物及所述甘油相对于所述墨液组合物的总质量的含有率(质量%)设为PMC、PPVP及PG时,0.3≤PMC/(PPVP+PG)≤4并且0.2≤PPVP/PG≤5。并且提供内置所述组合物的替换笔芯及水性圆珠笔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可逆热变色性书写工具用水性墨液组合物、以及内置其的替换笔芯及水性圆珠笔。进而详细而言,涉及一种根据温度变化显示较大的迟滞特性并呈现显色与退色的可逆热变色性,即使在去除变色所需的热或冷却的应用后,也可互变且可逆地保持着色状态与退色状态的任一状态的可逆热变色性书写工具用水性墨液组合物,以及内置其的替换笔芯及水性圆珠笔。
背景技术
以往就提出了一种可形成可在常温区域等一定的温度区域内互变地记忆保持变色前后的状态的笔迹等的可逆热变色性书写工具用水性墨液组合物及内置其的书写工具。此种书写工具在圆珠笔、马克笔、钢笔或固形书写体等多方面被提出。在内置可逆热变色性书写工具用水性墨液组合物的书写工具中热变色性为重要性能,但与通常的书写工具同样地也期望较高的书写性、笔迹浓度、耐旋光性等各种性能。然而,热变色性组合物所使用的着色剂较为特殊,因此即使采用与通常的墨液组合物相同的材料或配合比率,也难以获得优异的特性。尤其在使用在微胶囊中内包有可逆热变色性组合物的微胶囊颜料的情形时,为实现高浓度,有时必须提高颜料的配合率,难以直接应用先前的墨液组成比。
尤其是可逆热变色性书写工具用水性墨液组合物,其含有作为可逆热变色性着色剂的有机材料,但有时产生与组合物中所含的其他有机材料的相互作用。例如,有时产生有机着色剂粒子的凝集、组合物的粘度上升、笔迹浓度的下降、书写性的劣化等。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2009-292878号
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的目的在于解决含有可逆热变色性着色剂的书写工具用水性墨液组合物中的问题,同时改良各种特性。
解决课题的手段
本发明的可逆热变色性水性墨液组合物的特征在于:含有可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料、聚合度为2~20的N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮聚合物、甘油和水,
所述可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料是在由有机树脂形成的微胶囊中内包含有(a)成分、(b)成分和(c)成分的可逆热变色性组合物而成的,所述(a)成分是供电子性显色性有机化合物,所述(b)成分是电子接受性化合物,所述(c)成分是决定所述(a)成分和(b)成分的显色反应的发生温度的反应介质,
并且
在将所述可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料、所述N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮聚合物和所述甘油相对于所述墨液组合物的总质量的以质量百分比计的含有率分别设为PMC、PPVP及PG时,满足:
0.3≤PMC/(PPVP+PG)≤4并且
0.2≤PPVP/PG≤5。
此外,本发明的替换笔芯的特征在于:内置有所述可逆热变色性墨液组合物。
此外,本发明的水性圆珠笔的特征在于:内置有所述可逆热变色性墨液组合物。
发明效果
根据本发明,提供一种书写性、尤其即使在笔头干燥的情形时写出时的模糊也较少的可逆热变色性墨液组合物。进而该墨液组合物的抑制有机着色剂粒子的凝集、组合物的粘度上升、笔迹浓度的下降等的效果也优异。
附图说明
图1是说明感温变色性色彩记忆性组合物的色浓度-温度曲线的迟滞特性的图表。
图2是其他感温变色性色彩记忆性组合物的色浓度-温度曲线的迟滞特性的图表。
图3是表示本发明的第1实施形态的圆珠笔的例子的剖面图。
图4是表示本发明的第2实施形态的圆珠笔的例子的剖面图。
图5是表示本发明的圆珠笔替换笔芯的例子的剖面图。
图6是表示本发明的圆珠笔及圆珠笔替换笔芯所具备的笔头(圆珠笔笔尖)的例子的剖面图。
图7是图6的X-X剖面图。
图8是使用实施例的墨液组合物的情形时的耐干燥性评价后的笔迹。
图9是使用比较例的墨液组合物的情形时的耐干燥性评价后的笔迹。
具体实施方式
以下,详细说明本发明的实施形态。
<<可逆热变色性书写工具用水性墨液组合物>>
本发明的可逆热变色性书写工具用水性墨液组合物(以下,有时简称为“墨液组合物”)含有可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的聚合物、甘油及水。如果详细说明这些各成分,则如下所述。
<可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料>
本发明中,可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料(以下,有时简称为“微胶囊颜料”)含有(a)供电子性显色性有机化合物、(b)电子接受性化合物、及(c)使通过所述(a)成分及(b)成分的电子转移反应在特定温度区域内可逆地发生的反应介质。
作为微胶囊颜料,可使用日本特公昭51-44706号公报、日本特公昭51-44707号公报、日本特公平1-29398号公报等中记载的。这些微胶囊颜料以特定的温度(变色温度)为界,在其前后变色,在高温侧变色温度以上的温度区域呈现退色状态,在低温侧变色温度以下的温度区域呈现显色状态。并且具有以下特征:在常温区域仅存在所述两状态中的特定一方的状态,另一方的状态在应用表现该状态所需的热或冷却的期间得以维持,但若无热或冷却的应用,则回到在常温区域呈现的状态。此处,这些微胶囊颜料中所含的组合物是具有表示迟滞的程度的温度宽度(以下,称为迟滞宽度ΔH)较小的特性(ΔH=1~7℃)的加热退色型(通过加热而退色,通过冷却而显色)的可逆热变色性组合物(参照图1)。
此外,也可使用日本特公平4-17154号公报、日本特开平7-179777号公报、日本特开平7-33997号公报、日本特开平8-39936号公报等中记载的微胶囊颜料。这些微胶囊颜料显示较大的迟滞特性(ΔH=8~50℃)。即,沿着以下路径变色,所述路径是在将由温度变化引起的着色浓度的变化绘制而成的曲线的形状中使温度从比变色温度区域低的低温侧开始上升的情形与相反地使温度从比变色温度区域高的高温侧开始下降的情形显著不同的路径(参照图2)。
关于可逆热变色性组合物的色浓度-温度曲线中的迟滞特性,如果一面参照图一面详细说明,则如下所述。
在图2中,纵轴表示色浓度,横轴表示温度。由温度变化引起的色浓度的变化沿箭头进行。此处,A表示达到完全退色状态的温度t4(以下,称为完全退色温度)下的浓度的点,B表示开始退色的温度t3(以下,称为开始退色温度)下的浓度的点,C表示开始显色的温度t2(以下,称为开始显色温度)下的浓度的点,D表示达到完全显色状态的温度t1(以下,称为完全显色温度)下的浓度的点。
变色温度区域t1与t4间的温度区域,可呈现着色状态与退色状态的任一个状态,作为色浓度的差较大的区域的t2与t3间的温度区域是实质两相保持温度区域。
此外,线段EF的长度是表示变色的对比度的尺度,通过线段EF的中点的线段HG的长度是迟滞宽度ΔH,如果该ΔH值较小,则在常温区域内变色前后的两个状态中仅可存在特定一方的状态。此外,如果ΔH值较大,则变色前后的各状态的保持变得容易。
作为具有色彩记忆性的可逆热变色性组合物,具体而言,将完全显色温度t1特定为仅可在冷冻室、寒冷地区等获得的温度,即-50~0℃,优选为-40~-5℃,更优选为-30~-10℃,且将完全退色温度t4特定为能够从磨擦体带来的磨擦热、吹发器等身边的加热体获得的温度,即45~95℃,优选为50~90℃,更优选为60~80℃的范围,将ΔH值特定为40~100℃,由此可有效地发挥保持常态(日常的生活温度区域)下呈现的色彩的作用。
以下关于(a)、(b)及(c)的各成分,具体例示化合物。
本发明的(a)成分,即供电子性显色性有机化合物是决定颜色的成分,是对作为显色剂的(b)成分供与电子,从而显色的化合物。
作为供电子性显色性有机化合物,优选为苯酞(phthalide)化合物、荧烷化合物、苯乙烯基喹啉(styrynoquinoline)化合物、二氮杂罗丹明内酯化合物、吡啶化合物、喹唑啉化合物、双喹唑啉化合物等,这些之中,优选苯酞化合物及荧烷化合物。
作为苯酞化合物,例如可列举:二苯基甲烷苯酞化合物、苯基吲哚基苯酞化合物、吲哚基苯酞化合物、二苯基甲烷氮杂苯酞化合物、苯基吲哚基氮杂苯酞化合物及它们的衍生物等,这些之中,优选苯基吲哚基氮杂苯酞化合物以及它们的衍生物。
此外,作为荧烷化合物,例如可列举:氨基荧烷化合物、烷氧基荧烷化合物及它们的衍生物。
以下例示可用作(a)成分的化合物。
3,3-双(对二甲氨基苯基)-6-二甲氨基苯酞、
3-(4-二乙氨基苯基)-3-(1-乙基-2-甲基吲哚-3-基)苯酞、
3,3-双(1-正丁基-2-甲基吲哚-3-基)苯酞、
3,3-双(2-乙氧基-4-二乙氨基苯基)-4-氮杂苯酞、
3-(2-乙氧基-4-二乙氨基苯基)-3-(1-乙基-2-甲基吲哚-3-基)-4-氮杂苯酞、
3-(2-己氧基-4-二乙氨基苯基)-3-(1-乙基-2-甲基吲哚-3-基)-4-氮杂苯酞、
3-[2-乙氧基-4-(N-乙基苯氨基)苯基]-3-(1-乙基-2-甲基吲哚-3-基)-4-氮杂苯酞、
3-(2-乙酰胺-4-二乙氨基苯基)-3-(1-丙基吲哚-3-基)-4-氮杂苯酞、
3,6-双(二苯氨基)荧烷、
3,6-二甲氧基荧烷、
3,6-二正丁氧基荧烷、
2-甲基-6-(N-乙基-N-对甲苯氨基)荧烷、
3-氯-6-环己氨基荧烷、
2-甲基-6-环己氨基荧烷、
2-(2-氯氨基)-6-二丁氨基荧烷、
2-(2-氯苯氨基)-6-二正丁氨基荧烷、
2-(3-三氟甲基苯氨基)-6-二乙氨基荧烷、
2-(3-三氟甲基苯氨基)-6-二戊氨基荧烷、
2-(二苄氨基)-6-二乙氨基荧烷、
2-(N-甲基苯氨基)-6-(N-乙基-N-对甲苯氨基)荧烷、
1,3-二甲基-6-二乙氨基荧烷、
2-氯-3-甲基-6-二乙氨基荧烷、
2-苯氨基-3-甲基-6-二乙氨基荧烷、
2-苯氨基-3-甲氧基-6-二乙氨基荧烷、
2-苯氨基-3-甲基-6-二正丁氨基荧烷、
2-苯氨基-3-甲氧基-6-二正丁氨基荧烷、
2-二甲苯氨基-3-甲基-6-二乙氨基荧烷、
2-苯氨基-3-甲基-6-(N-乙基-N-对甲苯氨基)荧烷、
1,2-苯并-6-二乙氨基荧烷、
1,2-苯并-6-(N-乙基-N-异丁氨基)荧烷、
1,2-苯并-6-(N-乙基-N-异戊氨基)荧烷、
2-(3-甲氧基-4-十二烷氧基苯乙烯基)喹啉、
螺[5H-(1)苯并吡喃并(2,3-d)嘧啶-5,1’(3’H)异苯并呋喃]-3’-酮,2-(二乙氨基)-8-(二乙氨基)-4-甲基、
螺[5H-(1)苯并吡喃并(2,3-d)嘧啶-5,1’(3’H)异苯并呋喃]-3’-酮,2-(二正丁氨基)-8-(二正丁氨基)-4-甲基、
螺[5H-(1)苯并吡喃并(2,3-d)嘧啶-5,1’(3’H)异苯并呋喃]-3’-酮,2-(二正丁氨基)-8-(二乙氨基)-4-甲基、
螺[5H-(1)苯并吡喃并(2,3-d)嘧啶-5,1’(3’H)异苯并呋喃]-3’-酮,2-(二正丁氨基)-8-(N-乙基-N-异戊氨基)-4-甲基、
螺[5H-(1)苯并吡喃并(2,3-d)嘧啶-5,1’(3’H)异苯并呋喃]-3’-酮,2-(二丁氨基)-8-(二戊氨基)-4-甲基、
4,5,6,7-四氯-3-[4-(二甲氨基)-2-甲氧基苯基]-3-(1-丁基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1(3H)-异苯并呋喃酮、
4,5,6,7-四氯-3-[4-(二乙氨基)-2-乙氧基苯基]-3-(1-乙基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1(3H)-异苯并呋喃酮、
4,5,6,7-四氯-3-[4-(二乙氨基)-2-乙氧基苯基]-3-(1-戊基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1(3H)-异苯并呋喃酮、
4,5,6,7-四氯-3-[4-(二乙氨基)-2-甲基苯基]-3-(1-乙基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1(3H)-异苯并呋喃酮、
3’,6’-双[苯基(2-甲基苯基)氨基]-螺[异苯并呋喃-1(3H),9’-[9H]呫吨]-3-酮、
3’,6’-双[苯基(3-甲基苯基)氨基]-螺[异苯并呋喃-1(3H),9’-[9H]呫吨]-3-酮、
3’,6’-双[苯基(3-乙基苯基)氨基]-螺[异苯并呋喃-1(3H),9’-[9H]呫吨]-3-酮、
2,6-双(2’-乙氧基苯基)-4-(4’-二甲氨基苯基)吡啶、
2,6-双(2’,4’-二乙氧基苯基)-4-(4’-二甲氨基苯基)吡啶、
2-(4’-二甲氨基苯基)-4-甲氧基-喹唑啉、
4,4’-(亚乙二氧基)-双[2-(4-二乙氨基苯基)喹唑啉]
再者,作为荧烷类,除形成呫吨环的苯基具有取代基的化合物以外,也可为形成呫吨环的苯基具有取代基并且形成内酯环的苯基也具有取代基(例如甲基等烷基、氯基等卤素原子)的呈现蓝色或黑色的化合物。
所述(b)成分,即电子接受性化合物是从(a)成分接收电子,作为(a)成分的显色剂而发挥功能的化合物。
作为所述电子接受性化合物,有选自具有活性质子的化合物群、假酸性化合物群(并非酸,但在组合物中作为酸而起作用,使(a)成分显色的化合物群)、具有电子空穴的化合物群等中的化合物,这些之中,优选为选自具有活性质子的化合物群中的化合物。
作为具有活性质子的化合物群,例如可列举:具有酚性羟基的化合物及其衍生物、羧酸及其衍生物,优选为芳香族羧酸及其衍生物、碳原子数2~5的脂肪族羧酸及其衍生物、2-羟基羧酸衍生物、N-取代氨基酸衍生物、酸性磷酸酯及其衍生物、唑化合物及其衍生物、1,2,3-三唑及其衍生物、环状羰基磺酰亚胺类、碳原子数2~5的卤醇类、磺酸及其衍生物、无机酸类等。
作为假酸性化合物群,例如可列举:所述具有酚性羟基的化合物的金属盐、所述羧酸的金属盐、所述酸性磷酸酯的金属盐、所述磺酸的金属盐、芳香族羧酸酐、脂肪族羧酸酐、芳香族羧酸与磺酸的混合酸的酸酐、环烯烃二羧酸酐、脲及其衍生物、硫脲及其衍生物、胍及其衍生物、卤代醇类等。
作为具有电子空穴的化合物群,例如可列举:硼酸盐类、硼酸酯类、无机盐类等。
这些之中,具有酚性羟基的化合物因可表现有效的热变色特性,因此优选。
所述具有酚性羟基的化合物广泛地包含单酚化合物至多酚化合物,进而双型、三型酚等及酚-醛缩合树脂等也包含在其中。具有酚性羟基的化合物之中,优选为至少具有2个以上的苯环的。此外,这些化合物可具有取代基,作为取代基,可列举:烷基、芳基、酰基、烷氧基羰基、羧基、及其酯或酰氨基、卤基等。
作为所述具有酚性羟基的化合物的金属盐等所含有的金属,例如可列举:钠、钾、钙、锌、锆、铝、镁、镍、钴、锡、铜、铁、钒、钛、铅及钼等。
作为具有1个酚性羟基的化合物,可列举:
苯酚;邻甲酚;间甲酚;对甲酚;4-乙基苯酚;4-正丙基苯酚;4-正丁基苯酚;2-叔丁基苯酚;3-叔丁基苯酚;4-叔丁基苯酚;4-正戊基苯酚;4-叔戊基苯酚;4-正辛基苯酚;4-叔辛基苯酚;4-正壬基苯酚;4-正十二烷基苯酚;3-正十五烷基苯酚;4-正硬脂基苯酚;1-(4-羟基苯基)癸烷-1-酮;4-氯苯酚;4-溴苯酚;4-三氟甲基苯酚;4-甲基苯硫酚;4-硝基苯酚;2-苯基苯酚;4-苯基苯酚;2-苄基苯酚;2-苄基-4-氯苯酚;4-异丙苯基苯酚;4-羟基二苯甲酮;4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮;4-氯-4’-羟基二苯甲酮;4-氟-4’-羟基二苯甲酮;4-环己基苯酚;2-羟基苄醇;3-羟基苄醇;4-羟基苄醇;4-(2-羟基乙基)苯酚;3-甲氧基苯酚;4-乙氧基苯酚;4-正丙氧基酚;4-正丁氧基苯酚;4-正庚氧基苯酚;4-(2-甲氧基乙基)苯酚;α-萘酚;β-萘酚;2,3-二甲基苯酚;2,4-二甲基苯酚;2,6-二甲基苯酚;2,6-二叔丁基苯酚;2,4-二氯苯酚;2,4-二氟苯酚;瑞香草酚;3-甲基-4-甲基苯硫酚;2-叔丁基-5-甲基苯酚;2,6-双(羟基甲基)-4-甲基苯酚;2,3,5-三甲基苯酚;2,6-双(羟基甲基)-4-叔辛基苯酚;6-羟基-1,3-苯并氧硫杂环戊烯-2-酮;2,4-双(苯基磺酰基)苯酚;2,4-双(苯基磺酰基)-5-甲基苯酚;2,4-双(4-甲基苯基磺酰基)苯酚;2-苯基苯酚;4-苯基苯酚;2,6-二苯基苯酚;3-苄基联苯-2-醇;3,5-二苄基联苯-4-醇;4-氰基-4’-羟基联苯;1-羟基苯并三唑;1-羟基-5-甲基苯并三唑;1-羟基-5-氯苯并三唑;1-羟基-5-甲氧基苯并三唑;1-羟基-4-苯甲酰氨基苯并三唑;1-羟基-4,5,6,7-四氯苯并三唑;1,4-羟基苯并三唑;1-羟基-5-硝基苯并三唑;1-羟基-5-苯基苯并三唑;1-羟基-5-苄基苯并三唑;1-羟基-5-乙基苯并三唑;1-羟基-5-正辛基苯并三唑;1-羟基-5-正丁基苯并三唑;4-羟基苯甲酸正丁酯;4-羟基苯甲酸正辛酯;4-羟基苯甲酸2-十七氟辛酯乙烷;4-羟基苯甲酸苄酯;4-羟基苯甲酸苄基酯;4-羟基苯甲酸-邻甲基苄酯;4-羟基苯甲酸-间甲基苄酯;4-羟基苯甲酸-对甲基苄酯;4-羟基苯甲酸-对乙基苄酯;4-羟基苯甲酸-对丙基苄酯;4-羟基苯甲酸-对叔丁基苄酯;4-羟基苯甲酸苯基乙酯;4-羟基苯甲酸-邻甲基苯基乙酯;4-羟基苯甲酸-间甲基苯基乙酯;4-羟基苯甲酸-对甲基苯基乙酯;4-羟基苯甲酸-对乙基苯基乙酯;4-羟基苯甲酸-对丙基苯基乙酯;4-羟基苯甲酸-对叔丁基苯基乙酯等。
作为具有2个酚性羟基的化合物,可列举:
间苯二酚;2-甲基间苯二酚;4-正己基间苯二酚;4-正辛基间苯二酚;4-叔辛基间苯二酚;4-苯甲酰基间苯二酚;4-硝基间苯二酚;β-雷锁酸(即2,4-二羟基苯甲酸)甲酯;β-雷锁酸苄酯;2-氯-4-戊酰基间苯二酚;6-氯-4-戊酰基间苯二酚;2-氯-4-己酰基间苯二酚;6-氯-4-己酰基间苯二酚;2-氯-4-丙酰基间苯二酚;6-氯-4-丙酰基间苯二酚;2,6-二氯-4-丙酰基间苯二酚;6-氟-4-丙酰基间苯二酚;2-氯-4-苯基乙酰基间苯二酚;4-苯基乙酰基-6-氯间苯二酚;2-氯-4-β-苯基丙酰基间苯二酚;6-氯-4-β-苯基丙酰基间苯二酚;2-氯-4-苯氧基乙酰基间苯二酚;6-氯-4-苯氧基乙酰基间苯二酚;4-苯甲酰基-2-氯间苯二酚;6-氯-4-间甲基苯甲酰基间苯二酚;4-[1’,3’,4’,9’a-四氢-6’-羟基螺(环己烷-1,9’-[9H]-呫吨)-4’a-[2H]-基]-1,3-苯二酚;对苯二酚;甲基对苯二酚;三甲基对苯二酚;邻苯二酚;4-叔丁基邻苯二酚;1,6-二羟基萘;2,7-二羟基萘;1,5-二羟基萘;2,6-二羟基萘;2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’-甲基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-3’-甲基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-甲基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-乙基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正丙基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-异丙基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正丁基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-异丁基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-叔丁基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正戊基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正己基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正庚基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正辛基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正癸基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’,3’-二甲基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’,4’-二甲基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’,5’-二甲基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’,6’-二甲基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-3’,4’-二甲基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-3’,5’-二甲基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’,4’,6’-三甲基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’-甲氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-3’-甲氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-甲氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’-乙氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-乙氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正丙氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-异丙氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正丁氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-异丁氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正戊氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正己氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正庚氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正辛氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-4’-正壬氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’,3’-二甲氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’,4’-二甲氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’,5’-二甲氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’,6’-二甲氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-3’,4’-二甲氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-3’,5’-二甲氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-3’,4’-二乙氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’,3’,4’-三甲氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-2’,3’,6’-三甲氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-3’,4’,5’-三甲氧基二苯甲酮;2,4-二羟基-3’,4’,5’-三乙氧基二苯甲酮等。
进而作为双型酚的化合物,可列举:
1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)乙烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)正丁烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)正戊烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)正己烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)正庚烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)正辛烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)正壬烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)正癸烷;1,1-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)癸烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)正十二烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-2-甲基丙烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-3-甲基丁烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-3-甲基戊烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二甲基戊烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-2-乙基丁烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-2-乙基己烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-3,7-二甲基辛烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)环己烷;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷;1,1-双(4-羟基-3-甲基)环己烷;双酚酸;1-苯基-1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)甲烷;2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷;2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)正丁烷;2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)正戊烷;2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)正己烷;2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)正庚烷;2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)正辛烷;2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)正壬烷;2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)正癸烷;2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)正十二烷;2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)-6,10,14-三甲基十五烷;1-苯基-1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)乙烷;丙酸2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)甲酯;丙酸2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丁酯;丙酸2,2-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)甲酯;丙酸2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)乙酯;2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)-4-甲基戊烷;2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)-4-甲基己烷;2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷;2,2-双(3,5-二羟基甲基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷;2,2-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙烷;2,2-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丁烷;2,2-双(4-羟基-3-异丙基苯基)丙烷;2,2-双(3-仲丁基苯基-4-羟基)丙烷;2,2-双(4-羟基-3-苯基苯基)丙烷;2,2-双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷;2,2-双(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)丙烷;2,2-双(3,5-二羟基甲基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷;9,9-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)芴;1,3-双[2-(4-羟基苯基)-2-丙基]苯;1,4-双[2-(4-羟基苯基)-2-丙基]苯;3,3-双(4-羟基苯基)氧基吲哚;3,3-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)氧基吲哚;双(2-羟基苯基)甲烷;双(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)甲烷;双(2-羟基-3-羟基甲基-5-甲基)甲烷;4,4’-[1,4-亚苯基双(1-甲基亚乙基)]双(2-甲基苯酚);1,1-双(4-羟基-3-苯基苯基)环己烷;3,3-亚乙氧基二苯酚;1,4-双(4-羟基苯甲酸酯)-3-甲基苯;4,4”-二羟基-3”-甲基-对联三苯;4,4”-二羟基-3”-异丙基-对联三苯;2,2-二甲基-1,3-双(4-羟基苯甲酰氧基)丙烷;2,2’-联苯酚;4,4”’-二羟基-对联四苯;4,4-二羟基二苯醚;双(4-羟基苯硫基乙基)醚;双(4-羟基苯基)砜;4-苄氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(4-甲基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(4-乙基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(4-正丙基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(4-异丙基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(4-正丁基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(4-异丁基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(4-仲丁基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(4-叔丁基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(3-甲基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(3-乙基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(3-正丙基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(3-异丙基苄氧基)-4’-二羟基苯基砜;4-(3-正丁基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(3-异丁基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(3-仲丁基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(3-叔丁基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(2-甲基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(2-乙基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(2-正丙基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(2-异丙基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(2-正丁基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(2-异丁基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(2-仲丁基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(2-叔丁基苄氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;2,4’-二羟基二苯基砜;3,4’-二羟基二苯基砜;4-羟基二苯基砜;4-甲基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-乙基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-正丙基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-异丙基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-氯-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-氟-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-氯-2-甲基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-甲氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-乙氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-正丙氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-异丙氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-正丁氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-异丁氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-仲丁氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-叔丁氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-正戊氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-异戊氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(1-丙烯氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(2-丙烯氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-苄氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(β-苯氧基乙氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(β-苯氧基丙氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;双(2-烯丙基-4-羟基二苯基)砜;双[4-羟基-3-(2-丙烯基)苯基]砜;双(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)砜;双(3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯基)砜;双(3-苯基-4-羟基苯基)砜;双(4-羟基-3-正丙基苯基)砜;双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)砜;3,4-二羟基二苯基砜;3’,4’-二羟基-4-甲基二苯基砜;3,4,4’-三羟基二苯基砜;双(3,4-二羟基苯基)砜;2,3,4-三羟基二苯基砜;4-异丙氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-正丙氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-烯丙氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-苄氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-(2-丙烯氧基)-4’-羟基二苯基砜;3-苄基-4-苄氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;3-苯乙基-4-苯乙氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;3-甲基苄基-4-甲基苄氧基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-苄氧基-3’-苄基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-苯乙氧基-3’-苯乙基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;4-甲基苄氧基-3’-甲基苄基-4’-羟基二苯基砜;α,α’-双{4-(对羟基苯基砜)苯氧基}-对二甲苯;4,4’-{氧基双(环氧乙烷-对苯基磺酰基)}二苯酚;双(4-羟基苯基)硫醚;双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)硫醚;双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚;双(3-乙基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚;双(3,5-二乙基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚;双(4-羟基-3-正丙基苯基)硫醚;双(3,5-二正丙基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚;双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚;双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚;双(4-羟基-3-正戊基苯基)硫醚;双(3-正己基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚;双(3-正庚基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚;双(5-叔辛基-2-羟基苯基)硫醚;双(2-羟基-3-叔辛基苯基)硫醚;双(2-羟基-5-正辛基-苯基)硫醚;双(5-氯-2-羟基苯基)硫醚;双(3-环己基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚;双(4-羟基苯硫基乙氧基)甲烷;1,5-(4-羟基苯硫基)-3-氧杂戊烷;1,8-双(4-羟基苯硫基)-3,6-二氧杂辛烷;等等。
作为具有3个酚性羟基的化合物,可列举:邻苯三酚、间苯三酚、间苯三酚羧酸、没食子酸、没食子酸辛酯、没食子酸十二烷基酯等。
进而,作为三型酚的化合物,可列举:
4,4’,4”-次甲基三苯酚;4,4’,4”-次甲基三(2-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(2-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2,3,5-三甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2,6-二甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双酚;4,4’-[(4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-环己基-5-甲基苯酚);4,4’,4”-次乙基三苯酚;4,4’,4”-次乙基三(2-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(2-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-环己基-5-甲基苯酚);2,6-双[(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)甲基]-4-甲基苯酚;2,4-双[(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)甲基]-6-环己基苯酚;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚甲基]双酚;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双酚;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚丙基]双酚;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚丁基]双酚;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚戊基]双酚;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚己基]双酚;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚庚基]双酚;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚异丁基]双酚;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚新戊基]双酚;2,2’-[1-{4-[1-(2-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双酚;3,3’-[1-{4-[1-(3-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双酚;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双(2-氟苯酚);4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3-氯-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双(2-氯苯酚);4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3-溴-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双(2-溴苯酚);4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双(2-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3-乙基-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双(2-乙基苯酚);4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双(2-叔丁基苯酚);4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(4-羟基-3-三氟甲基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双(2-三氟甲基苯酚);1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-4-(4-羟基-α-乙基)苄基环己烷;4,4’-[(3-乙氧基-4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双酚;4,4’-[(3-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2,6-二甲基苯酚);2,2’-[(4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5-二甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(2,6-二甲基苯酚);2,2’-[(2-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5,6-三甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(3-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2,3,6-三甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2,3,6-三甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(3-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-环己基-5-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(4-羟基苯基-3-甲氧基)亚甲基]双(2-环己基-5-甲基苯酚);1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-4-羟基苯基环己烷;4,4’-[3-(5-环己基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-苯基)亚丙基]双(2-环己基-5-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(2-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-甲基苯酚);2,4’,4”-次甲基三苯酚;4,4’-[(2-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(3-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[4-(4-羟基苯基)-亚仲丁基]双(4-羟基苯酚);2,2’-[(3-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5-二甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(2-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(2,5-二甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(2-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(2,6-二甲基苯酚);2,2’-[(2-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5-二甲基苯酚);2,2’-[(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5-二甲基苯酚);2,2’-[(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5-二甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(2-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-异丙基苯酚);4,4’-[(3-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-异丙基苯酚);4,4’-[(4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-异丙基苯酚);2,2’-[(3-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5,6-三甲基苯酚);2,2’-[(4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5,6-三甲基苯酚);2,2’-[(4-3-乙氧基-4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5-二甲基苯酚);1,1-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-4-(4-羟基苯基)环己烷;4,4’-[(2-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-异丙基苯酚);4,4’-[(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-异丙基苯酚);4,4’-[(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-异丙基苯酚);2,2’-[(2-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5,6-三甲基苯酚;2,2’-[(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5,6-三甲基苯酚);2,2’-[(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5,6-三甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(3-乙氧基-4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-异丙基苯酚);2,2’-[(3-乙氧基-4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5,6-三甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(3-乙氧基-4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2,3,6-三甲基苯酚);1,1-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)-4-(4-羟基苯基)环己烷;4,4’-[(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-叔丁基-5-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(2-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-环己基苯酚);4,4’-[(3-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-环己基苯酚);4,4’-[(3-乙氧基-4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-叔丁基-6-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(3-甲氧基-2-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-环己基苯酚);4,4’-[(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-环己基苯酚);4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双(2-叔丁基苯酚);4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双(2,6-二甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(3-乙氧基-4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-环己基-5-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(3-环己基-4-羟基苯基)亚乙基]双(2-环己基苯酚);4,4’-[(5-环己基-4-羟基-2-甲氧基苯基)亚乙基]双(2-环己基-5-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3-环己基-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双(2-环己基苯酚);4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双酚;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双(2-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双(2,6-二甲基苯酚);2,6-双[(5-氟-2-羟基苯基)甲基]-4-甲基苯酚;2,6-双[(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲基]-4-甲基苯酚;2,6-双[(4-羟基苯基)甲基]-4-甲基苯酚;2,6-双[(4-羟基苯基)甲基]-4-乙基苯酚;2,4-双[(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)甲基]-6-甲基苯酚;2,6-双[(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)甲基]-4-甲基苯酚;2,6-双[(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)甲基]-4-乙基苯酚;2,6-双[(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)甲基]-4-乙基苯酚;2,6-双[(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)甲基]-4-甲基苯酚;2,6-双[(2,4-二甲基-6-羟基苯基)甲基]-4-甲基苯酚;2,4-双[(4-羟基苯基)甲基]-6-环己基苯酚;2,6-双[(2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲基]-3,4-二甲基苯酚;2,6-双[(2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲基]-4-乙基苯酚;2,6-双[(4-羟基-2,3,6-三甲基苯基)甲基]-4-甲基苯酚;2,4-双[(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)甲基]-6-环己基苯酚;2,6-双[(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)甲基]-4-环己基苯酚;2,6-双[(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)甲基]-4-环己基苯酚;2,6-双[(4-羟基-2,3,5-三甲基苯基)甲基]-4-乙基苯酚;2,4-双[(2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲基]-6-环己基苯酚;4,4’,4”-次甲基三(2,6-二甲基苯酚);α-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-α,α’-双(4-羟基苯基)-1-乙基-4-异丙基苯;α’-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-α,α-双(4-羟基苯基)-1-乙基-4-异丙基苯;α,α-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-α’-(4-羟基苯基)-1-乙基-4-异丙基苯;α,α’-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-α-(4-羟基苯基)-1-乙基-4-异丙基苯;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基丙基]环己烷;2,6-双[(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲基]-4-乙基苯酚;1,1’-双(4-羟基苯基)-4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)丙基]环己烷;1,1’-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)丙基]环己烷;1,1’-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)-4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)丙基]环己烷;1-(4-羟基苯基)-1-[4,4-双(4-羟基苯基)环己基]-4-异丙基环己烷;4,4’-[3-(2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)亚丁基]双(2,5-二甲基苯酚);1,3,5-三(4-羟基-3-苯基苯基)金刚烷;1,3,5-三(3-环己基-4-羟基苯基)金刚烷;2,4-双[(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲基]-6-环己基苯酚;2,6-双[(2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲基]-4-环己基苯酚;2,4-双[(3-环己基-4-羟基苯基)甲基]-6-甲基苯酚;2,4-双[(4-羟基-2,3,5-三甲基苯基)甲基]-6-环己基苯酚;2,6-双[(5-氟-2-羟基苯基)甲基]-4-氟苯酚;2,6-双[(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)甲基]-4-氟苯酚;2,4-双[(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)甲基]-6-甲基苯酚;4,4’-[3-(5-环己基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-联苯基亚丙基]双(5-环己基-2-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[3-(2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)-3-苯基亚丙基]双(2,5-二甲基苯酚);2,4-双[(2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲基]-6-甲基苯酚;1,1,2-三(4-羟基苯基)乙烷;1,1,3-三(4-羟基苯基)丙烷;1,1,4-三(4-羟基苯基)丁烷;1,2,2-三(4-羟基苯基)丙烷;1,2,2-三(4-羟基苯基)丁烷;1,2,2-三(4-羟基苯基)戊烷;1,2,2-三(4-羟基苯基)己烷;1,2,2-三(4-羟基苯基)庚烷;1,2,2-三(4-羟基苯基)辛烷;1,2,2-三(4-羟基苯基)-3-甲基丁烷;1,2,2-三(4-羟基苯基)-3,3-二甲基丁烷;1,2,2-三(4-羟基苯基)-4,4-二甲基戊烷;1,3,3-三(4-羟基苯基)丁烷;1,3,3-三(4-羟基苯基)戊烷;1,3,3-三(4-羟基苯基)己烷;1,3,3-三(4-羟基苯基)庚烷;1,3,3-三(4-羟基苯基)辛烷;1,3,3-三(4-羟基苯基)壬烷;1,4,4-三(4-羟基苯基)戊烷;1,4,4-三(4-羟基苯基)己烷;1,4,4-三(4-羟基苯基)庚烷;1,4,4-三(4-羟基苯基)辛烷;1,4,4-三(4-羟基苯基)壬烷;1,4,4-三(4-羟基苯基)癸烷;1,2,2-三(2-羟基苯基)丙烷;1,1,2-三(3-羟基苯基)丙烷;1-(4-羟基苯基)-2,2-双(2-羟基苯基)丙烷;1,2,2-三(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)丙烷;1,2,2-三(3-氯-4-羟基苯基)丙烷;1,2,2-三(3-溴-4-羟基苯基)丙烷;2,2-双(3-乙基-4-羟基苯基)-1-(4-羟基苯基)丙烷;2,2-双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)-1-(4-羟基苯基)丙烷;2,2-双(2-羟基-3-联苯基)-1-(4-羟基苯基)丙烷;2,2-双(3-三氟甲基-4-羟基苯基)-1-(4-羟基苯基)丙烷;2-(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)-1,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷;1-(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)-2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷;3-(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)-1,3-双(4-羟基苯基)丁烷;1-(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)-3,3-双(4-羟基苯基)丁烷;4-(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)-1,4-双(4-羟基苯基)戊烷;1-(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)-4,4-双(4-羟基苯基)戊烷;1,2-双(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)-2-(4-羟基苯基)丙烷;3,3-双(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)-1-(4-羟基苯基)丁烷;1,3-双(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)-3-(4-羟基苯基)丁烷;4,4-双(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)-1-(4-羟基苯基)戊烷;1,4-双(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)-4-(4-羟基苯基)戊烷;1,1,2-三(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)乙烷;1,2,2-三(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷;1,1,3-三(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷;1,3,3-三(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)丁烷;1,1,4-三(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)丁烷;1,4,4-三(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)戊烷;4,4’-[4-(4-羟基苯基)-亚仲丁基]双(2-甲基苯酚)等。
作为具有4个以上酚性羟基的化合物,可列举:
双[2-羟基-3-(2-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;4,6-双[(4-羟基苯基)甲基)-1,3-苯二酚;4,4’-[(3,4-二羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2,6-二甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(3,4-二羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-环己基-5-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(3,4-二羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(3,4-二羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2,3,6-三甲基苯酚);1,1,2,2-四(4-羟基苯基)乙烷;1,1,2,2-四(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)乙烷;1,1,2,2-四(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)乙烷;1,1,4,4-四(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)苯;2,2’-双[4,4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)环己基]丙烷;2,2’-[(3,4-二羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5-二甲基苯酚);3,6-双[(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲基)邻苯二酚;4,6-双[(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲基)-1,3-苯二酚;2,2’-[(3,4-二羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(3,5,6-三甲基苯酚);4,4’-[(3,4-二羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-环己基苯酚);双[3-(2-羟基苄基)-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(3-羟基苄基)-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(4-羟基苄基)-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(2-羟基苄基)-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(2-羟基苄基)-3-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(2-羟基苄基)-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(3-羟基-2-甲基苄基)-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(4-羟基-3-甲基苄基)-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(3-羟基-4-甲基苄基)-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(2-羟基-3-甲基苄基)-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;α,α’,α”,α”’-四(4-羟基苯基)苯;双[3-(3,6-二甲基-2-羟基苄基)-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;[3-(3,6-二甲基-2-羟基苄基)-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基][3-(2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苄基)-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苄基)-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苄基)-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(2-羟基-3,4,6-三甲基苄基)-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[2-羟基-3-(4-羟基-2,3,5-三甲基苄基)-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;4,4’,4”,4”’-四(4-羟基苯基)-1,1’-联环己烷;2,2’-双[4,4-双(4-羟基苯基)环己基]丙烷;4,4’,4”,4”’-四(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-1,1’-联环己烷;双[3-(5-环己基-4-羟基-2-甲基苄基)-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基]甲烷;4,4’,4”,4”’-四(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)-1,1’-联环己烷;1,1-双[3-(2-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-5-环己基-4-羟基苯基]环己烷;1,1-双[3-(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苄基)-5-环己基-4-羟基苯基]环己烷;1,1-双[3-(5-环己基-4-羟基-2-甲基苄基)-5-环己基-4-羟基苯基]环己烷;4,6-双[α-甲基-(4-羟基苯基)苄基-1,3-苯二酚;2,2-双[3-(4-羟基-3-甲基苄基)-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基]丙烷;2,6-双[(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)苄基]-4-[α-甲基-(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)苄基]苯酚;4,4’,4”,4”’-四(4-羟基-3-异丙基苯基)-1,1’-联环己烷;4,4’-双[(3,4-二羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(2-异丙基苯酚);2,4,6-三(4-羟基苄基)-1,3-苯二酚;4,6-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苄基)邻苯三酚;3,3’-[(2-羟基苯基)亚甲基]双(5-甲基邻苯二酚);2,6-双(2,4-二羟基苄基)-4-乙基苯酚;2,4-双(2,4-二羟基苄基)-6-环己基苯酚;2,6-双(5-叔丁基-2,3-二羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚;2,4,6-三(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苄基)间苯二酚;2,4,6-三(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苄基)间苯二酚;2,6-双(2,4-二羟基苄基)-3,4-二甲基苯酚;2,6-双[3-(2-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苄基]-3,4-二甲基苯酚;4,6-双(α-甲基-4-羟基苄基)邻苯三酚;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-双(4-羟基苄基)-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双[2,6-双(4-羟基苄基)苯酚];4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苄基)-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双[2,6-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苄基)苯酚];4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苄基)-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双[2,6-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚];4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-双(4-羟基-2,3,6-三甲基苄基)-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双[2,6-双(4-羟基-2,3,6-三甲基苄基)苯酚];双[5-(2,4-二羟基苄基)-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(2,4-二羟基苄基)-2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(2,4-二羟基-3-甲基苄基)-2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基]甲烷;双[5-(4-羟基苄基)-2,3,4-三羟基苯基]甲烷;1,1-双[5-(4-羟基苯甲酰基)-2,3,4-三羟基苯基]乙烷;3,3’,5,5’-四(4-羟基苄基)-4,4’-二羟基联苯;3,3’,5,5’-四(4-羟基-3-甲基苄基)-4,4’-二羟基联苯;3,3’,5,5’-四(2-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-4,4’-二羟基联苯;3,3’,5,5’-四(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苄基)-4,4’-二羟基联苯;双[3-(α,α-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)甲基-4-羟基苯基]甲烷;双[3,5-双(2-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-4-羟基苯基]甲烷;4,4’,4”-次乙基三{[2-(2-羟基-5-甲基)苄基]-6-甲基苯酚};2,2-双[3,5-双(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基甲基)苯基]丙烷;双[3-(α,α-双(2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲基-4-羟基苯基]甲烷;双[5-(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,4-三羟基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(2,3,4-三羟基苄基)-2,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基]甲烷;1,1-双[3-(2,3,4-三羟基苄基)-5-环己基-4-羟基苯基]环己烷;1,8,15,22-四壬基-3,5,10,12,17,19,24,26-八羟基[1,1,1,1]-间环芳烃;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-双(4-羟基-2-甲基苄基)-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双[2,6-双(4-羟基-2-甲基苄基)苯酚];4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-双(2-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双[2,6-双(2-羟基-5-甲基苄基)苯酚];4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-双(3-乙基-4-羟基苄基)-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双[2,6-双(3-乙基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚];4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-双(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双[2,6-双(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)苯酚];4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-双(4-羟基-3-异丙基苯基)-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双[2,6-双(4-羟基-3-异丙基苯基)苯酚];双[3-(α,α-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲基-4-羟基苯基]甲烷;双[3-(α,α-双(5-环己基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)甲基-4-羟基苯基]甲烷;4,4’-[4-羟基-3,5-双(2-羟基苄基)亚甲基]双[2,6-双(2-羟基苄基)]苯酚;4,4’-[4-羟基-3,5-双(4-羟基苄基)亚甲基]双[2,6-双(4-羟基苄基)]苯酚;4,4’,4”-次乙基三[2,6-双(2-羟基苄基)苯酚];4,4’,4”-次乙基三[2,6-双(4-羟基苄基)苯酚];2,2-双[3,5-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苄基)-4-羟基苯基]丙烷;1,8,15,22-四乙基-3,5,10,12,17,19,24,26-八羟基[1,1,1,1]-间环芳烃(metacyclophane);α,α’,α”,α”’-四(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)-1,4-二甲基苯;4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-双(2-羟基-5-异丙基苯基)-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双[2,6-双(2-羟基-5-异丙基苯基)苯酚];4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-双(4-羟基-2,3,5-三甲基苯基)-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双[2,6-双(4-羟基-2,3,5-三甲基苯基)苯酚];4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-双(3-仲丁基-4-羟基苯基)-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双[2,6-双(3-仲丁基-4-羟基苯基)苯酚];4,4’-[1-{4-[1-(3,5-双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基}亚乙基]双[2,6-双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)苯酚];2,6-双{[3-(2,4-二羟基苄基)-2,5-二甲基-4-羟基]苄基}-4-甲基苯酚;1,1-双[5-(2,4-二羟基苄基)-3-环己基-4-羟基苯基]环己烷;1,1-双[5-(2,3,4-三羟基苄基)-3-环己基-4-羟基苯基]环己烷;2,2-双[4,4’,4”,4”’-四(3,5-二羟基甲基-4-羟基苯基)环己基]丙烷;等等。
作为羧酸及其衍生物,可列举:
3,5-二(α-甲基苄基)水杨酸;4-(2-对甲氧基苯氧基乙氧基)水杨酸;4-羟基苯基苯甲酸;对氯苯甲酸;4-[2-(对甲氧基苯氧基)乙氧基]水杨酸;4-[3-(对甲苯基磺酰基)丙氧基]水杨酸;5-[对(2-对甲氧基苯氧基乙氧基)异丙苯基]水杨酸;4-辛氧基羰基氨基水杨酸;3,5-二苯乙烯化水杨酸;N-(对甲苯磺酰基)-甘氨酸;N-(对甲苯磺酰基)-丙氨酸;N-(对甲苯磺酰基)-β-丙氨酸;N-苯基氨基羰基-甘氨酸;N-苯基氨基羰基-缬氨酸;N-(间甲苯氨基羰基)-苯基丙氨酸;N-(间甲苯氨基羰基)-半胱氨酸-S-苄基;N-(间甲苯氨基羰基)-甲硫氨酸;N-(间甲苯氨基羰基)-酪氨酸;N-(对甲苯氨基羰基)-苯基丙氨酸;N-(对甲苯氨基羰基)-半胱氨酸-S-苄基;N-(对甲苯氨基羰基)-甲硫氨酸;N-(对甲苯氨基羰基)-甲硫氨酸;N-(苯基氨基羰基)-甲硫氨酸;N-(对甲苯氨基羰基)-酪氨酸;N-(间甲苯氨基羰基)-甲硫氨酸;N-(对甲苯氨基羰基)-甲硫氨酸;N-(苯基氨基羰基)-甲硫氨酸;N-(间甲苯氨基羰基)-缬氨酸;N-(间甲苯氨基羰基)-苯基甘氨酸;N-(间甲苯氨基羰基)-酪氨酸;2-O-(苯基氨基羰基)-苦杏仁酸;2-O-(对甲苯氨基羰基)-苦杏仁酸;2-O-(间甲苯氨基羰基)-苦杏仁酸;2-O-(邻甲苯氨基羰基)-苦杏仁酸;2-O-(1-萘基氨基羰基)-苦杏仁酸;2-O-(3-异丙烯基-α,α-二甲基苄氨基羰基)-苦杏仁酸;2-O-(苄氨基羰基)-苦杏仁酸;2-O-(苯乙基氨基羰基)-苦杏仁酸;2-O-(苯基氨基羰基)-乳酸;2-O-(对甲苯氨基羰基)-乳酸;2-O-(间甲苯氨基羰基)-乳酸;2-O-(邻甲苯氨基羰基)-乳酸;2-O-(1-萘基氨基羰基)-乳酸;2-O-(3-异丙烯基-α,α-二甲基苄氨基羰基)-乳酸;2-O-(苄氨基羰基)-乳酸;2-O-(苯乙基氨基羰基)-乳酸,等等。
作为所述酸性磷酸酯化合物,可列举:
酸式磷酸甲酯、酸式磷酸乙酯、酸式磷酸丁酯、酸式磷酸丁氧基乙酯、酸式磷酸2-乙基己酯、酸式磷酸异癸酯、酸式磷酸异十三烷基酯、酸式磷酸油酯、酸式磷酸二十四烷基酯、磷酸单丁酯、磷酸二丁酯、磷酸单异癸酯、磷酸双(2-乙基己基)酯等。
所述具有酚性羟基的化合物可表现最有效的热变色特性,但也可为选自芳香族羧酸及碳原子数2~5的脂肪族羧酸、羧酸金属盐、酸性磷酸酯及其金属盐、1,2,3-三唑及其衍生物中的化合物等。
对(c)成分进行说明,所述(c)成分是使(a)成分与(b)成分的电子转移反应在特定温度区域内可逆地发生的反应介质。作为(c)成分,可列举:酯类、酮类、醚类、醇类、酰胺类。
作为(c)成分,可使用显示5℃以上且小于50℃的ΔT值(熔点-浊点)的羧酸酯化合物,所述羧酸酯化合物可形成在色浓度-温度曲线中显示较大的迟滞特性(将由温度变化引起的着色浓度的变化绘制而成的曲线,在使温度从低温侧向高温侧变化的情形与使温度从高温侧向低温侧变化的情形不同)而变色的显示色彩记忆性的可逆热变色性组合物,所述羧酸酯化合物是例如在分子中含有经取代的芳香族环的羧酸酯、含有未经取代的芳香族环的羧酸与碳原子数10以上的脂肪族醇的酯、在分子中含有环己基的羧酸酯、碳原子数6以上的脂肪酸与未经取代的芳香族醇或酚的酯、碳原子数8以上的脂肪酸与支链脂肪族醇的酯、二羧酸与芳香族醇或支链脂肪族醇的酯、肉桂酸二苄酯、硬脂酸庚酯、己二酸二癸酯、己二酸二月桂酯、己二酸二肉豆蔻酯、己二酸二鲸蜡酯、己二酸二硬脂酯、三月桂酸甘油酯、三肉豆蔻酸甘油酯、三硬脂酸甘油酯、二肉豆蔻酸甘油酯、二硬脂酸甘油酯等。
此外,从碳原子数为9以上的奇数的脂肪族一元醇与碳原子数为偶数的脂肪族羧酸获得的脂肪酸酯化合物、从正戊醇或正庚醇与碳原子数为10~16的偶数的脂肪族羧酸获得的总碳原子数为17~23的脂肪酸酯化合物也有效。
具体可列举:乙酸正十五烷基酯、丁酸正十三烷基酯、丁酸正十五烷基酯、己酸正十一烷基酯、己酸正十三烷基酯、己酸正十五烷基酯、辛酸正壬酯、辛酸正十一烷基酯、辛酸正十三烷基酯、辛酸正十五烷基酯、癸酸正庚酯、癸酸正壬酯、癸酸正十一烷基酯、癸酸正十三烷基酯、癸酸正十五烷基酯、月桂酸正戊酯、月桂酸正庚酯、月桂酸正壬酯、月桂酸正十一烷基酯、月桂酸正十三烷基酯、月桂酸正十五烷基酯、肉豆蔻酸正戊酯、肉豆蔻酸正庚酯、肉豆蔻酸正壬酯、肉豆蔻酸正十一烷基酯、肉豆蔻酸正十三烷基酯、肉豆蔻酸正十五烷基酯、棕榈酸正戊酯、棕榈酸正庚酯、棕榈酸正壬酯、棕榈酸正十一烷基酯、棕榈酸正十三烷基酯、棕榈酸正十五烷基酯、硬脂酸正壬酯、硬脂酸正十一烷基酯、硬脂酸正十三烷基酯、硬脂酸正十五烷基酯、二十酸正壬酯、二十酸正十一烷基酯、二十酸正十三烷基酯、二十酸正十五烷基酯、山萮酸正壬酯、山萮酸正十一烷基酯、山萮酸正十三烷基酯、山萮酸正十五烷基酯,等等。
作为酮类,总碳原子数为10以上的脂肪族酮类有效,可列举:2-癸酮、3-癸酮、4-癸酮、2-十一酮、3-十一酮、4-十一酮、5-十一酮、2-十二酮、3-十二酮、4-十二酮、5-十二酮、2-十三酮、3-十三酮、2-十四酮、2-十五酮、8-十五酮、2-十六酮、3-十六酮、9-十七酮、2-十五酮、2-十八酮、2-十九酮、10-十九酮、2-二十酮、11-二十酮、2-二十一酮、2-二十二酮、月桂酮、硬脂酮等。
此外,可列举总碳原子数12~24的芳基烷基酮类,例如正十八烷酰苯、正十七烷酰苯、正十六烷酰苯、正十五烷酰苯、正十四烷酰苯、4-正十二烷基苯乙酮、正十三烷酰苯、4-正十一烷基苯乙酮、正月桂苯酮、4-正癸基苯乙酮、正十一烷酰苯、4-正壬基苯乙酮、正癸酰苯、4-正辛基苯乙酮、正壬酰苯、4-正庚基苯乙酮、正辛酰苯、4-正己基苯乙酮、4-正环己基苯乙酮、4-叔丁基苯丙酮、正庚酰苯、4-正戊基苯乙酮、环己基苯基酮、苄基-正丁基酮、4-正丁基苯乙酮、正己酰苯、4-异丁基苯乙酮、1-萘乙酮、2-萘乙酮、环戊基苯基酮等。
作为醚类,总碳原子数10以上的脂肪族醚类有效,可列举:二戊醚、二己醚、二庚醚、二辛醚、二壬醚、二癸醚、二-十一烷基醚、二-十二烷基醚、二-十三烷基醚、二-十四烷基醚、二-十五烷基醚、二-十六烷基醚、二-十八烷基醚、癸二醇二甲醚、十一烷二醇二甲醚、十二烷二醇二甲醚、十三烷二醇二甲醚、癸二醇二乙醚、十一烷二醇二乙醚等。
作为醇类,碳原子数10以上的脂肪族一元的饱和醇有效,可列举:癸醇、十一醇、十二醇、十三醇、十四醇、十五醇、十六醇、十七醇、十八醇、二十醇、二十二醇等。
作为酰胺类,可列举:己酰胺、庚酰胺、辛酰胺、壬酰胺、癸酰胺、十一酰胺、月桂酰胺、十三酰胺、肉豆蔻酰胺、棕榈酰胺、硬脂酰胺、二十二酰胺等。
此外,作为(c)成分,也可使用下述通式(1)所表示的化合物。
(此处,R1表示氢原子或甲基,q1表示0~2的整数,X1的任一者表示-(CH2)kOCOR’或-(CH2)kCOOR’,另一者表示氢原子,k表示0~2的整数,R’表示碳原子数4以上的烷基或烯基,Y1分别独立地表示碳原子数1~4的烷基、甲氧基或卤素,p1分别独立地表示0~3的整数)
式(1)所表示的化合物中,在R1为氢原子的情形时,可获得具有更宽的迟滞宽度的可逆热变色性组合物,因此优选,进而R1为氢原子且m为0的情形更优选。
再者,式(1)所表示的化合物中,更优选为使用下述通式(1a)所表示的化合物。
(此处R1a为碳原子数8以上的烷基或烯基,优选为碳原子数10~24的烷基,进而优选为碳原子数12~22的烷基)
作为所述化合物,具体可例示:辛酸-4-苄氧基苯基乙酯、壬酸-4-苄氧基苯基乙酯、癸酸-4-苄氧基苯基乙酯、十一酸-4-苄氧基苯基乙酯、十二酸-4-苄氧基苯基乙酯、十三酸-4-苄氧基苯基乙酯、十四酸-4-苄氧基苯基乙酯、十五酸-4-苄氧基苯基乙酯、十六酸-4-苄氧基苯基乙酯、十七酸-4-苄氧基苯基乙酯、十八酸-4-苄氧基苯基乙酯。
进而,作为(c)成分,也可使用下述通式(2)所表示的化合物。
(此处,R2表示碳原子数8以上的烷基或烯基,p2分别独立地表示0~3的整数,X2分别独立地表示碳原子数1~4的烷基、碳原子数1~4的烷氧基或卤素)
作为所述化合物,具体可例示:辛酸1,1-二苯基甲酯、壬酸1,1-二苯基甲酯、癸酸1,1-二苯基甲酯、十一酸1,1-二苯基甲酯、十二酸1,1-二苯基甲酯、十三酸1,1-二苯基甲酯、十四酸1,1-二苯基甲酯、十五酸1,1-二苯基甲酯、十六酸1,1-二苯基甲酯、十七酸1,1-二苯基甲酯、十八酸1,1-二苯基甲酯。
进而,作为(c)成分,也可使用下述通式(3)所表示的化合物。
(此处,X3分别独立地表示碳原子数1~4的烷基、甲氧基或卤素原子的任一者,p3分别独立地表示0~3的整数,q3表示1~20的整数)
作为所述化合物,可例示:丙二酸与2-[4-(4-氯苄氧基)苯基)]乙醇的二酯、琥珀酸与2-(4-苄氧基苯基)乙醇的二酯、琥珀酸与2-[4-(3-甲基苄氧基)苯基)]乙醇的二酯、戊二酸与2-(4-苄氧基苯基)乙醇的二酯、戊二酸与2-[4-(4-氯苄氧基)苯基)]乙醇的二酯、己二酸与2-(4-苄氧基苯基)乙醇的二酯、庚二酸与2-(4-苄氧基苯基)乙醇的二酯、辛二酸与2-(4-苄氧基苯基)乙醇的二酯、辛二酸与2-[4-(3-甲基苄氧基)苯基)]乙醇的二酯、辛二酸与2-[4-(4-氯苄氧基)苯基)]乙醇的二酯、辛二酸与2-[4-(2,4-二氯苄氧基)苯基)]乙醇的二酯、壬二酸与2-(4-苄氧基苯基)乙醇的二酯、癸二酸与2-(4-苄氧基苯基)乙醇的二酯、1,10-癸烷二甲酸与2-(4-苄氧基苯基)乙醇的二酯、1,18-十八烷二甲酸与2-(4-苄氧基苯基)乙醇的二酯、1,18-十八烷二甲酸与2-[4-(2-甲基苄氧基)苯基)]乙醇的二酯。
进而,作为(c)成分,也可使用下述通式(4)所表示的化合物。
(此处,R4分别独立地表示碳原子数1~21的烷基或烯基,p4分别独立地表示1~3的整数)
作为所述化合物,可例示:1,3-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与癸酸的二酯;1,3-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与十一酸的二酯;1,3-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与月桂酸的二酯;1,3-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与肉豆蔻酸的二酯;1,3-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与棕榈酸的二酯;1,3-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与环己酸羧酸的二酯;1,3-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与环己酸丙酸的二酯;1,4-双(羟基甲氧基)苯与丁酸的二酯;1,4-双(羟基甲氧基)苯与异戊酸的二酯;1,4-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与乙酸的二酯;1,4-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与丙酸的二酯;1,4-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与戊酸的二酯;1,4-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与己酸的二酯;1,4-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与辛酸的二酯;1,4-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与癸酸的二酯;1,4-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与月桂酸的二酯;1,4-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与肉豆蔻酸的二酯;1,4-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯与环己烷丙酸的二酯。
进而,作为(c)成分,也可使用下述通式(5)所表示的化合物。
(此处,X5分别独立地表示碳原子数1~4的烷基、碳原子数1~4的烷氧基或卤素原子的任一者,p5分别独立地表示0~3的整数,q5表示1~20的整数)
作为所述化合物,可例示:琥珀酸与2-苯氧基乙醇的二酯、辛二酸与2-苯氧基乙醇的二酯、癸二酸与2-苯氧基乙醇的二酯、1,10-癸烷二甲酸与2-苯氧基乙醇的二酯、1,18-十八烷二甲酸与2-苯氧基乙醇的二酯。
进而,作为(c)成分,也可使用下述通式(6)所表示的化合物。
(此处,R6表示碳原子数4~22的烷基、环烷基烷基、环烷基、碳原子数4~22的烯基的任一者,X6表示氢原子、碳原子数1~4的烷基、碳原子数1~4的烷氧基,卤素原子的任一者,q6表示0或1)
作为所述化合物,可例示:4-苯基苯甲酸癸酯、4-苯基苯甲酸月桂酯、4-苯基苯甲酸肉豆蔻酯、4-苯基苯甲酸环己基乙酯、4-联苯乙酸辛酯、4-联苯乙酸壬酯、4-联苯乙酸癸酯、4-联苯乙酸月桂酯、4-联苯乙酸肉豆蔻酯、4-联苯乙酸十三烷基酯、4-联苯乙酸十五烷基酯、4-联苯乙酸鲸蜡酯、4-联苯乙酸环戊酯、4-联苯乙酸环己基甲酯、4-联苯乙酸己酯、4-联苯乙酸环己基甲酯。
进而,作为所述(c)成分,也可使用下述通式(7)所表示的化合物。
(此处,R7表示碳原子数3~18的烷基或碳原子数3~18的脂肪族酰基的任一者,X7表示氢原子、碳原子数1~3的烷基、碳原子数1或2的烷氧基、卤素原子的任一者,Y7表示氢原子、甲基的任一者,Z7表示氢原子、碳原子数1~4的烷基、碳原子数1或2的烷氧基、卤素原子的任一者)
作为所述化合物,可例示:4-丁氧基苯甲酸苯氧基乙酯、4-戊氧基苯甲酸苯氧基乙酯、4-十四烷氧基苯甲酸苯氧基乙酯、4-羟基苯甲酸苯氧基乙酯与十二酸的酯、香草酸苯氧基乙酯的十二烷基醚。
进而,作为(c)成分,也可使用下述通式(8)所表示的化合物。
(此处,R8表示碳原子数4~22的烷基、碳原子数4~22的烯基、环烷基烷基、环烷基的任一者,X8分别独立地表示烷基、烷氧基、卤素原子的任一者,p8表示0或1,q8表示0~5,r8表示0~4)
作为所述化合物,可例示:对羟基苯甲酸辛酯的苯甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸癸酯的苯甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸庚酯的对甲氧基苯甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸十二烷基酯的邻甲氧基苯甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸环己基甲酯的苯甲酸酯。
进而,作为(c)成分,也可使用下述通式(9)所表示的化合物。
(此处,R9表示碳原子数3~17的烷基、碳原子数3~8的环烷基、碳原子数5~8的环烷基烷基,X9表示氢原子、碳原子数1~5的烷基、甲氧基、乙氧基、卤素原子,p9表示1~3的整数)
作为所述化合物,可例示:4-苯基苯酚乙二醇醚与环己烷甲酸的二酯、4-苯基苯酚二乙二醇醚与月桂酸的二酯、4-苯基苯酚三乙二醇醚与环己烷甲酸的二酯、4-苯基苯酚乙二醇醚与辛酸的二酯、4-苯基苯酚乙二醇醚与壬酸的二酯、4-苯基苯酚乙二醇醚与癸酸的二酯、4-苯基苯酚乙二醇醚与肉豆蔻酸的二酯。
进而,也可应用内包有加热显色型(通过加热而显色,通过冷却而退色)的可逆热变色性组合物而成的微胶囊颜料,所述加热显色型的可逆热变色性组合物使用具有碳原子数3~18的直链或侧链烷基的特定的烷氧基酚化合物(日本特开平11-129623号公报、日本特开平11-5973号公报)、或使用特定的羟基苯甲酸酯(日本特开2001-105732号公报)、或使用没食子酸酯等(日本特公昭51-44706号公报,日本特开2003-253149号公报)作为电子接受性化合物。
(a)、(b)及(c)成分的配合比率受浓度、变色温度、变色形态或各成分的影响,而通常获得所期望的变色特性的成分比为:相对(a)成分1质量份,(b)成分为0.1~50质量份,优选为0.5~20质量份,(c)成分为1~800质量份,优选为5~200质量份的范围。
此处,也可在微胶囊颜料中或墨液中配合非热变色性的染料、颜料等着色剂,从而呈现从有色(1)向有色(2)的互变性的色变化。
在微胶囊中内包可逆热变色性组合物的方法并无特别限定,例如有界面聚合法、界面缩聚法、原位(in Situ)聚合法、液中硬化被覆法、从水溶液的相分离法、从有机溶剂的相分离法、熔融分散冷却法、气体中悬浮被覆法、喷雾干燥法等,可根据用途而适宜选择。
作为胶囊的材质,可列举有机树脂,例如环氧树脂、脲树脂、氨基甲酸酯树脂、异氰酸酯树脂等。在本发明中,通过使颜料粒子的表面由有机材料构成,利用与下述N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的聚合物及甘油的三方相互作用,可显示优异的特性。因此,胶囊的材质必须为有机材料。
进而也可在微胶囊的表面根据目的设置次级的树脂皮膜而赋予耐久性,或使表面特性改质而供于实用。
微胶囊颜料使用平均粒径优选为0.1~5.0μm,更优选为0.1~4.0μm,进而优选为0.5~3.0μm的范围内。
此外,可逆热变色性组合物与微胶囊壁膜的质量比率优选满足可逆热变色性组合物:壁膜=7:1~1:1(质量比),优选为6:1~1:1的范围。
若微胶囊颜料的平均粒径超过5.0μm,则用于书写工具时难以获得顺滑的书写感,如果最大外径的平均值小于0.1μm,则难以显示高浓度的显色性。
平均粒径处在所述范围、尤其0.5~3.0μm的范围内的微胶囊颜料显示高浓度的显色性,并且用于书写工具时易于获得良好的流出性。
若可逆热变色性组合物相对于壁膜的比率大于所述范围,则壁膜的厚度变得过薄,易产生对压力或热的耐受性的下降,如果壁膜相对于可逆热变色性组合物的比率大于所述范围,则易于产生显色时的色浓度及清晰度的下降。
再者,平均粒径的测定使用Mountech公司制造的图像解析式粒度分布测定软件“mac view”判定粒子的区域,根据粒子的区域的面积算出投影面积圆等效径(Heywood径),通过该值得到等体积的相当球的粒子的平均粒径而测定。
此外,在全部粒子或大部分粒子的粒径超过0.2μm的情形时,也可使用粒度分布测定装置(Beckman Coulter株式会社制造,制品名:Multisizer 4e)通过库尔特法,作为等体积球相当的粒子的平均粒径而测定。进而,也可使用标准试样或激光衍射/散射式粒径分布测定装置(装置名:LA-300,堀场制作所株式会社制造)而测定体积基准的粒径及平均粒径(中值粒径),该激光衍射/散射式粒径分布测定装置以使用利用库尔特法的测定装置测量的数值为基准而进行了校准。
<N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的聚合物>
本发明的墨液组合物进而含有N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的聚合物(以下,有时简称为“PVP”)而成。在本发明的墨液组合物中,PVP具有同时完成各种特性的效果。具体而言,有调整墨液组合物的粘度的效果、抑制微胶囊颜料的凝集的效果、改良墨液成分对纸的固定性或粘着性的效果等。进而,根据本发明者等人的研究,可知在含有微胶囊颜料的墨液组合物中,具有抑制干燥的效果。例如,在将墨液组合物用于圆珠笔或马克笔,尤其按键式圆珠笔的情形时,其笔头处在易于干燥的状况。其结果,这些书写工具有时变得无法书写。将此种状态称为干燥,而根据本发明,通过将PVP用于特定的墨液组合物,可抑制干燥,可实现优异的书写性。
PVP是将N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮聚合而成的,但必须使用聚合度为2~20的,优选为2~10,更优选为2~6。通过使聚合度为此种范围,在墨液组合物中的水分蒸发的情形时,可抑制墨液组合物的粘度的上升或微胶囊颜料的凝集。如果使用聚合度过高的PVP,则墨液组合物的粘度也变得过高,有时对书写性能产生不良影响,因此必须注意。
<甘油>
本发明的墨液组合物是进而含有甘油而成的。甘油有时作为通常的墨液组合物的有机溶剂或粘度调整剂而使用。然而,本发明中,甘油起到先前未知的功能。即,通过与在表面具有有机树脂的微胶囊颜料及PVP以特定的比率共存,可产生三种成分间的相互作用,从而实现显著的书写特性的改良。
<水>
本发明的墨液组合物是水性墨液组合物,含有水作为主要溶剂。作为本发明中所使用的水,并无特别限制,例如可使用离子交换水、超过滤水或蒸馏水等。
<墨液组合物的组成>
本发明中,微胶囊颜料相对于墨液组合物的总质量的含有率(PMC)必须为5~40质量%,优选为10~30质量%,进而优选为可配合10~25质量%。例如在将墨液组合物用于圆珠笔等用途的情形时,通常的颜料的配合量相对于墨液组合物总量不足10质量%,而在使用微胶囊颜料作为着色剂的情形时,优选增多用以实现充分的显色的配合量。并且,通常微胶囊颜料的含有率较高的墨液组合物的固形物成分含有率高于通常的墨液,因此有时干燥性能等性能劣化。然而,本发明的墨液组合物通过以特定的比率配合特定的材料,可解决此种问题。
本发明中,PVP相对于墨液组合物的总质量的含有率(PPVP)优选为1~20质量%,优选为2~10质量%。通过使PVP的含有率为该范围内,墨液组合物从笔头的流出性保持良好,可实现较高的笔迹浓度。
本发明中,甘油相对于墨液组合物的总质量的含有率(PG)是,相对于墨液组合物的总质量优选为1~20质量%,更优选为2~10质量%。通过使甘油的含有率为该范围内,墨液组合物从笔头的流出性保持良好,可形成清晰的笔迹。
本发明的墨液组合物含有微胶囊颜料、PVP、甘油及水作为必需成分,微胶囊颜料、PVP及甘油的含有率的合计(PMC+PPVP+PG)优选为20~50质量%,更优选为20~30质量%。通过使PMC+PPVP+PG为该范围内,可在维持较高的笔迹浓度的同时,抑制写出时的模糊并兼顾较高的书写特性。
此外,在本发明中,以特定的比率配合微胶囊颜料、PVP及甘油。具体而言,必须满足:0.3≤PMC/(PPVP+PG)≤4、且0.2≤PPVP/PG≤5,优选:0.5≤PMC/(PPVP+PG)≤2.5、或0.3≤PPVP/PG≤2.5。
本发明中,仅在将微胶囊颜料、PVP及甘油以成为所述范围内的方式进行配合时,可表现所期待的效果。换言的,认为在该三者以特定的比率配合时,可通过相互作用而表现本发明的效果。即,本发明的墨液组合物能够同时实现书写浓度、耐干燥性、经时稳定性等。然而,其并非仅表现了各成分的效果。例如,存在使用PVP作为用以改良墨液组合物的耐干燥性的材料的情形。然而,根据本发明者等人的研究,可知在微胶囊及甘油共存的情形时,也存在由于PVP的增量而使耐干燥性下降的情况(参照实施例的项)。此外,在使用通常的无机颜料作为颜料的情形时,即使以本申请发明中特定的比率进行配合,也无法表现本申请发明的效果。认为因本申请发明中所使用的微胶囊颜料在表面存在有机树脂,因此该有机树脂与PVP及甘油之间产生相互作用,从而可改良经时稳定性或书写特性。即,出乎意料的为:在微胶囊颜料、PVP及甘油共存的墨液组合物中,这些的相互比率为特定比率时,可获得具有优异特性的墨液组合物。
<其他成分>
本发明的墨液组合物可在不损害本发明的效果的范围内,除所述必需成分外还组合任意成分。
作为任意成分之一,可使用多糖类。多糖类带来各种效果,主要带来墨液粘度的调整(增粘剂)、剪切减粘性的赋予(剪切减粘性赋予剂)、耐干燥性能提升等效果。
此处,所谓剪切减粘性指静置时具有高粘度,如果施加剪切力则粘度下降的特性。圆珠笔中,存在内置有通常称为凝胶墨液的墨液组合物的笔。凝胶墨液组合物如下:不施加剪切应力的静置时为高粘度,在书写工具内稳定地保持,书写时由于利用圆珠的高速旋转而产生的高剪切力而使圆珠附近的墨液低粘度化,其结果,墨液自圆珠与圆珠收容部之间隙流出,转印至纸面。通过对墨液组合物组合剪切减粘性赋予剂,可制成为凝胶墨液。
在使用多糖类的情形时,作为适合的多糖类,可列举:琥珀酰聚糖、黄原胶、文莱胶、瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶、角叉菜胶(carrageenan)及定优胶(diutan gum)以及其衍生物、纤维素衍生物、葡甘露聚糖、琼脂或红藻胶(carrageenin)等自海藻萃取的具有凝胶化能力的增粘多糖类、糊精。这些之中,琥珀酰聚糖及黄原胶的剪切减粘性的赋予效果较大,因此优选,更优选为琥珀酰聚糖。作为琥珀酰聚糖,可优选使用平均分子量约为100~800万。此外,作为纤维素衍生物,可列举羟甲基纤维素等。
在本发明的墨液组合物含有琥珀酰聚糖或黄原胶的情形时,以墨液组合物的总质量为基准的琥珀酰聚糖或黄原胶的含有率优选为0.01~1.0质量%。通过使这些的含有率为该范围,可将从笔头的墨液流出特性维持为高水平,且抑制微胶囊颜料的凝集。
此外,如果使用糊精或纤维素衍生物作为多糖类,则有时可同时获得墨液粘度的调整、剪切减粘性的赋予、耐干燥性能提升等较高的改良效果。这些之中,糊精的耐干燥性能提升效果较大,因此优选。
作为糊精,优选为含有8糖以上的淀粉糖化物及/其还原物的糖混合物。并且,该糖混合物优选为含有30质量%以上的8糖以上的淀粉糖化物等,更优选为含有50%以上,特别优选为含有70%以上。此种糊精的皮膜形成性优异,因此在将墨液组合物应用于书写工具的情形时,从笔头的水分蒸发的抑制效果较大,因此优选。
在本发明的墨液组合物含有糊精或纤维素衍生物的情形时,以墨液组合物的总质量为基准的这些的含有率优选为0.1~5质量%。通过使糊精或纤维素衍生物的含有率为该范围,可将从笔头的墨液流出特性维持为高水平,且抑制墨液滴垂或从笔头的水分蒸发。
这些多糖类可单独或组合两种以上使用。
再者,也可使用多糖类以外的物质作为增粘剂。作为可用作增粘剂的其他材料,可列举:海藻酸烷基酯类、以甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯为主成分的分子量10万~15万的聚合物、亚苄基山梨醇及亚苄基木糖醇或它们的衍生物、交联性丙烯酸聚合物、无机微粒子、聚甘油脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯羊毛脂-羊毛醇-蜂蜡衍生物、聚氧乙烯烷基醚-聚氧丙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基苯醚、脂肪酰胺等HLB值为8~12的非离子表面活性剂、二烷基或二烯基磺基琥珀酸的盐类。
作为任意成分的另外的一个,可列举表面活性剂。表面活性剂可优选地使用非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂等任一者。作为表面活性剂,可列举:磷酸酯表面活性剂、聚硅氧表面活性剂、在结构中具有乙炔键的表面活性剂、氟表面活性剂等。这些表面活性剂可根据墨液组合物的成分或用途等而适宜选择。例如在将墨液组合物用于水性圆珠笔的情形时,优选为磷酸酯表面活性剂。其原因在于磷酸酯表面活性剂在笔尖起到良好的润滑效果,可使圆珠顺利地旋转。作为磷酸酯表面活性剂的具体例,可列举:聚氧乙烯烷基醚或聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚的磷酸单酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚或聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚的磷酸二酯、或这些的金属盐、铵盐、胺盐、烷醇胺盐等。在本发明的墨液组合物含有表面活性剂的情形时,其含有率以墨液组合物的总质量为基准优选为0.1~2.0质量%,更优选为0.3~1.5质量%。
作为任意成分的另外一个,可列举pH值调整剂。为将墨液组合物的pH值调整为适当的范围,可使用各种酸或碱作为pH值调整剂。作为此种pH值调整剂,可列举:(a)氨、氢氧化钠等无机碱性化合物、(b)磷酸、盐酸、硫酸、硝酸等无机酸性化合物、(c)碳酸钠、磷酸钠等无机盐化合物、(d)三乙醇胺或二乙醇胺等水溶性的胺化合物、脲、二甲基脲、二乙基脲、羟基甲基脲、羟基乙基脲等脲衍生物、乙酰胺或N-甲基乙酰胺等酰胺化合物等有机碱性化合物、(e)乳酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸等有机酸性化合物、以及(f)乙酸钠、碳酸氢钠、酒石酸钠等有机盐化合物。pH值调整剂的含有率相对于墨液组合物,优选为0.1~5质量%,更优选为0.5~2质量%。
本发明的墨液组合物另外还可组合:
(i)防锈剂,例如苯并三唑、甲苯并三唑、亚硝酸二环己基铵、亚硝酸二异丙基铵、皂苷等,
(ii)防腐剂或防霉剂,例如苯酚、1,2-苯并噻唑啉3-酮的钠盐、苯甲酸钠、去氢乙酸钠、山梨酸钾、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、2,3,5,6-四氯-4-(甲基磺酰基)吡啶等,
(iii)比重调整剂,例如异钨酸钠、偏钨酸钠、仲钨酸钠等,
(iv)气泡吸收剂,例如抗坏血酸类、异抗坏血酸类、α-生育酚、儿茶素类、合成多酚、曲酸、烷基羟胺、肟衍生物、α-葡糖基芸香苷、α-类脂酸、膦酸盐、次膦酸盐、亚硫酸盐、次硫酸盐、二亚硫磺酸盐、硫代硫酸盐、二氧化硫脲等,
(v)润滑剂,例如金属皂、2,5-二巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑或其盐或低聚物、3-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑、硫代氨基甲酸盐、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸盐、α-类脂酸、N-酰基-L-谷氨酸与L-赖氨酸的缩合物或其盐、环氧乙烷加成型阳离子活性剂、N-酰基氨基酸表面活性剂、二羧酸型表面活性剂、β-丙氨酸型表面活性剂等,
(vi)水溶性有机溶剂,例如乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、山梨醇、二醇溶剂、环丁砜、2-吡咯烷酮、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基-2-哌啶酮的低聚物、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-环己基-2-吡咯烷酮、ε-己内酰胺、N-乙烯基-ε-己内酰胺等,
(vii)二醇溶剂,例如作为二醇溶剂的
乙二醇、二乙二醇、硫代二乙二醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯等,
(viii)水溶性或水不溶性树脂,例如聚酰胺树脂、聚氨基甲酸酯树脂、聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、酚树脂、聚硅氧树脂、聚乙烯醇、聚合度超过20的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸树脂、顺丁烯二酸树脂、阿拉伯胶、纤维素等及它们的衍生物、所述树脂的共聚物等,
(ix)微胶囊颜料以外的颜料,例如铝粉或以着色树脂对铝粉表面进行处理的金属颜料、在透明或着色透明膜形成有金属蒸镀膜的金属光泽颜料、蓄光性颜料、以氧化钛等金属氧化物被覆作为芯物质的天然云母、合成云母、玻璃片、氧化铝、透明性膜片的表面而成的珠光颜料等光亮性颜料,
(x)其他成分,例如酪蛋白、硫代亚磷酸三(烷氧基羰基甲酯)或硫代亚磷酸三(烷氧基羰基乙酯)等硫代亚磷酸三酯等。
<墨液组合物的物性>
本发明的墨液组合物可用于各种书写工具。此时,对墨液组合物要求的物性根据书写工具的种类而有所不同。
例如,在将本发明的墨液组合物用于圆珠笔的情形时,其在20℃、转速3.84sec-1的条件下测定的情形时,粘度优选为1~2000mPa·s。如果考虑抑制微胶囊颜料的沉淀、凝集,则粘度更优选为300~1500mPa·s,特别优选为500~1000mPa·s。此外,在20℃、转速384sec-1的条件下测定的情形,较优选为1~200mPa·s,如果考虑使从笔头的墨液流出性变得良好,则更优选为10~100mPa·s,特别优选为20~50mPa·s。通过具有此种范围,可将分散稳定性或钢珠笔的机构内的组合物的易流动性维持为高水平。
再者,墨液粘度可使用Brookfield公司制造的DV-II粘度计(Cone Rotor CPE42)在20℃的环境下,在剪切速度3.84sec-1(1rpm)、剪切速度384sec-1(100rpm)的条件下测定墨液粘度。
此外,在本发明的墨液组合物用于圆珠笔的情形时,其表面张力在20℃环境下优选为20~50mN/m,更优选为25~45mN/m。如果表面张力为所述数值范围内,则将墨液组合物涂布在纸面时,存在可提高墨液组合物对涂布面的润湿性,并且可防止渗入或向涂布面的浸透的倾向。
在本发明的墨液组合物用于圆珠笔的情形时,其pH值例如在室温(25℃)下优选为3~10,更优选为4~9,特别优选为4~8。通过将pH值调整为此种范围,可抑制所含有的微胶囊颜料在低温区域下的凝集、沉淀。
在本发明的墨液组合物用于马克笔的情形时,其粘度在于20℃、转速30rpm的条件下测定的情形时,优选为1~30mPa·s,更优选为2~20mPa·s。此外,其表面张力在20℃环境下,优选为25~45mN/m,更优选为30~40mN/m。
在本发明的墨液组合物用于钢笔的情形时,其粘度在于20℃、转速30rpm的条件下测定的情形时,优选为1~20mPa·s,更优选为1~10mPa·s。此外,其表面张力在20℃环境下,优选为30~65mN/m,更优选为35~55mN/m。
再者,墨液组合物的粘度的测定可使用BL型旋转粘度计(制品名:TVB-M型粘度计,B型转子,东机产业株式会社制造)进行。此外,表面张力可使用协和界面科学株式会社制造的表面张力计测器,使用铂板,通过垂直平板法而测定。
<<墨液组合物的制造方法>>
本发明的墨液组合物可通过先前已知的任意方法而制造。具体而言,可配合必需量的所述各成分,通过螺旋桨搅拌、匀相分散机或均质搅拌机等各种搅拌机或珠磨机等各种分散机等进行混合而制造。
<<书写工具>>
本发明的墨液组合物填充至将马克笔笔尖或圆珠笔笔尖安装在书写前端部的马克笔或水性圆珠笔,以及墨笔、钢笔及书法笔等书写工具中而使用。
在填充至水性圆珠笔的情形时,对圆珠笔自身的构造、形状并无特别限定,例如可例示:具有在轴筒内部直接收容墨液,介置梳槽状的墨液流量调节构件或包含纤维束的墨液流量调节构件,墨液流量调节构件与笔尖连结而成的构造的圆珠笔;在轴筒内具有填充有墨液的墨液收容管,墨液收容管与在前端部安装有圆珠的笔尖连通,进而在墨液的端面密接有逆流防止用液栓的圆珠笔。
若关于圆珠笔笔尖更详细地说明,则可应用如下笔尖:使将金属制的管的前端附近自外侧向内侧推压变形而成的圆珠抱持部抱持圆珠而成的笔尖(管式圆珠笔笔尖)、或使对金属材料进行利用钻孔器等的切削加工而形成的圆珠抱持部抱持圆珠而成的笔尖、在金属或塑料制笔尖内部设置有树脂制的圆珠托座的笔尖、或者通过弹簧体使所述笔尖所抱持的圆珠向前方赋能的笔尖等。此外,圆珠笔笔尖优选为至少前端部具备作为直筒状的圆筒体(直管状圆筒体)的金属制管。作为此种圆珠笔笔尖的形状,例如可列举:圆珠笔笔尖整体包含作为直筒状圆筒体的金属制管;或在前端部具有直筒状的金属制管,且在其后方具有外径及内径扩大的形状。其中,后者的墨液流出性良好,因此优选。
此外,圆珠通常使用由超硬合金、不锈钢、红宝石、陶瓷、树脂、橡胶等制成的。此外,圆珠直径通常使用0.2~3.0mm,优选为0.25~1.5mm,更优选为0.25~1.0mm,特别优选为0.25~0.5mm。此外,在管式圆珠笔笔尖中,通过将本发明的墨液组合物与圆珠直径为例如0.25~1.0mm,优选为0.25~0.7mm,特别优选为0.25~0.5mm的圆珠笔组合,可获得墨液流出性及耐干燥性优异的圆珠笔。
在将本发明的墨液组合物填充至水性圆珠笔的情形时,优选为其圆珠直径与墨液消耗量满足特定关系。具体而言,将水性圆珠笔的每100m的墨液消耗量设为A(mg),将所述圆珠直径设为B(mm)的情形时,优选为200≤A/B≤800的关系,更优选为300≤A/B≤700的关系。其原因在于:通过设为所述范围,相对于圆珠直径而成为适宜的墨液消耗量,由此使墨液流动性变得良好,抑制笔迹模糊等,由此易于获得良好的笔迹。
再者,关于墨液消耗量,在20℃下在书写用纸JIS P3201书写用纸上在书写角度70°、书写负荷100g的条件下,以书写速度4m/分钟的速度,使用试验样品5只,进行螺旋式书写试验,将其每100m的墨液消耗量的平均值定义为每100m的墨液消耗量。
此外,圆珠笔笔尖中的圆珠的纵轴向的可移动量(间隙)在圆珠笔的制造时或使用开始时优选为20~60μm,更优选为30~45μm。其原因在于:若为所述范围,则可适宜调整墨液流出量,抑制线缺失或模糊等,由此易于获得良好的笔迹,进而若间隙为所述范围内,则也易于调整所述比A/B。此外,本发明中墨液组合物含有微胶囊颜料,有时可通过根据其平均粒径调整间隙而改善墨液的流出性。就此种观点而言,以间隙G(μm)为基准的微胶囊的平均粒径D(μm)的比D/G优选为满足1/150≤D/G≤1/3,更优选为满足1/100≤D/G≤1/5。
圆珠笔笔尖的圆珠在纵轴向的可移动量(间隙)指圆珠在圆珠笔笔尖本体的纵轴向上可移动的距离。此处,作为可移动量,由于圆珠及圆珠座因使用而磨耗,因此通常伴随使用而增大。并且,可移动量与墨液流出量存在关系。因此,通常将圆珠笔的制造时或使用开始时的可移动量设定为所述范围,因此为了达成稳定的书写特性,优选保持所述范围内直至圆珠笔的使用结束时为止。
收容墨液的墨液收容管例如使用由聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、尼龙等热塑性树脂制成的成形体。此外,为防止收容的墨液组合物因氧气而改性,可优选使用包含透氧性较低的树脂,由例如乙烯-乙烯醇共聚树脂、偏二氯乙烯树脂、丙烯腈树脂、聚酯树脂等形成的成形体。此外,墨液收容管可为单层构造,也可为多层构造。在采用多层构造的墨液收容管的情形时,优选至少1层由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚树脂、偏二氯乙烯树脂、丙烯腈树脂、聚酯树脂制成。此外,在墨液收容管采用3层以上的多层构造的墨液收容管,组合包含乙烯-乙烯醇共聚树脂、偏二氯乙烯树脂、丙烯腈树脂、聚酯树脂的层的情形时,这些层优选配置在除最外层及最内层以外。
除将笔尖直接连结在墨液收容管外,也可经由连接构件连结所述墨液收容管与笔尖。
再者,墨液收容管可为为替换笔芯的形态,将替换笔芯收容在树脂制、金属制等的轴筒内,也可将在前端部安装有笔尖的轴筒自身作为墨液收容体,在轴筒内直接填充墨液。
优选为在收容在墨液收容管中的墨液的后端填充墨液逆流防止体。墨液逆流防止体组合物包含非挥发性液体或难挥发性液体。
具体而言,可列举:凡士林、锭子油、蓖麻油、橄榄油、精制矿物油、液体石蜡、聚丁烯、α-烯烃、α-烯烃的低聚物或共低聚物、二甲基聚硅氧油、甲基苯基聚硅氧油、氨基改性聚硅氧油、聚醚改性聚硅氧油、脂肪酸改性聚硅氧油等,可使用一种或也可并用两种以上。
非挥发性液体及/或难挥发性液体,优选添加增粘剂使其增粘至优选的粘度,作为增粘剂,可列举:表面进行有疏水处理的二氧化硅、表面进行有甲基化处理的微粒子二氧化硅、硅酸铝、膨润性云母、实施有疏水处理的膨润土或蒙脱石等粘土增粘剂、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸铝、硬脂酸锌等脂肪酸金属皂、三亚苄基山梨醇、脂肪酰胺、酰胺改性聚乙烯蜡、氢化蓖麻油、脂肪酸糊精等糊精化合物、纤维素化合物等。进而,也可并用液状的墨液逆流防止体与固体的墨液逆流防止体。
此外,在填充至马克笔的情形时,对于马克笔自身的构造、形状并无特别限定,例如可例示:在轴筒内内置由纤维集束体制成的墨液吸藏体,将形成有毛细间隙的由纤维加工体或树脂成型体制成的马克笔笔尖直接或经由中继构件安装在轴筒,使墨液含浸在墨液吸藏体与笔尖连结而成的马克笔的墨液吸藏体的马克笔;或具有在轴筒内部直接收容墨液,介置梳槽状的墨液流量调节构件或由纤维束制成的墨液流量调节构件,墨液流量调节构件与笔尖连结而成的构造的马克笔;及经由能够通过笔尖的推压而打开的阀体,配置笔尖与墨液收容管,在墨液收容管内直接收容墨液的马克笔等。
笔尖是纤维的树脂加工体、热熔融性纤维的熔合加工体、毡体等先前通用的孔隙率选自大致30~70%的范围中的连通气孔的多孔质构件,或是具有在轴向延伸的多个墨液导出孔的合成树脂的挤出成型体,将一端加工为炮弹形状、长方形状、凿形状等应对目的的形状而供至实用。
墨液吸藏体是使卷缩状纤维在长度方向上集束而成的,且含在塑料筒体或膜等被覆体内,将孔隙率调整为大致40~90%的范围而构成。
此外,阀体可使用先前通用的抽吸式形态,但优选设定为可通过笔压而推压打开的弹簧压。
适合本发明的墨液组合物的马克笔是,在轴筒内内置由纤维集束体制成的墨液吸藏体,将形成有毛细间隙的由纤维加工体或树脂成型体制成的马克笔笔尖直接或经由中继构件安装在轴筒,使墨液含浸在墨液吸藏体与笔尖连结而成的马克笔的墨液吸藏体的马克笔;具有在轴筒内部直接收容墨液,介置梳槽状的墨液流量调节构件或由纤维束制成的墨液流量调节构件,墨液流量调节构件与笔尖连结而成的构造的马克笔,更优选为在轴筒内内置由纤维集束体制成的墨液吸藏体,将形成有毛细间隙的由纤维加工体或树脂成型体制成的马克笔笔尖直接或经由中继构件安装在轴筒,使墨液含浸在墨液吸藏体与笔尖连结而成的马克笔的墨液吸藏体的马克笔。就对笔尖的墨液供给性的观点而言,具备此种机构的书写工具中需求一种微胶囊颜料的凝集性较低,具有易流动性的墨液组合物,因此本发明的墨液组合物对具有所述机构的书写工具尤其适合,可很好地用作马克笔用可逆热变色性水性墨液组合物。
进而,圆珠笔或马克笔的形态并不限定在前述的,也可为安装有不同形态的笔尖、或安装有导出不同色调的墨液的笔头的复合书写工具(两头式或笔头陆续导出式等)。
作为前述构造的书写工具,为保护笔头或防止干燥,也可具备笔帽。
此外,也可为具有如下构造的出入式书写工具,即,在墨液收容管内收容含浸有墨液的墨液吸藏体,将笔体安装在书写前端部而制备替换笔芯,将替换笔芯收容在轴筒内,通过出入机构的作动而使书写前端部自轴筒开口部突出。本发明的墨液组合物的因笔头的干燥而导致的书写特性的劣化较少,因此优选用于此种出入式书写工具。
作为出入机构的操作方法,例如可列举:按键式、旋转式、滑动式等。
由收容有墨液组合物的书写工具形成的笔迹可通过由手指产生的磨擦或加热工具或冷却工具的应用而变色。
作为加热工具,可列举装备有电阻发热体的通电加热变色工具、填充有温水等的加热变色工具、吹发器的应用,优选使用可通过简便的方法而变色的磨擦构件或磨擦体。
作为磨擦构件或磨擦体,优选为富有弹性感,可在磨擦时发生适度的磨擦而产生磨擦热的弹性物、塑料发泡体等弹性体,可为塑料成形体、石材、木材、金属、布帛。
再者,也可使用橡皮而磨擦笔迹,但磨擦时产生橡皮屑,因此优选为使用如前所述的磨擦构件。
作为磨擦构件或磨擦体的材质,可优选使用聚硅氧树脂或SEBS树脂(苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚合物)、SEPS树脂(苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚合物)、聚酯树脂、EPDM(乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶),对聚硅氧树脂而言,树脂易于附着在因磨擦而擦除的部分,在反复书写时存在笔迹不沾的倾向,因此更优选使用SEBS树脂。
磨擦构件可为与书写工具分开的任意形状的构件(磨擦体),但通过固定在书写工具上,携带性优异。
固定磨擦构件的部位可列举:笔帽前端部(顶部)或轴筒后端部(未设置书写前端部的部分)。
作为冷却工具,可列举:利用珀尔帖组件的冷却变色工具、填充有冷水、冰碎片等冷媒的冷却变色工具、冰箱或冷库的应用。
此外,也可组合书写工具与磨擦体而获得书写工具套件。
以下,使用图说明本实施形态的圆珠笔及圆珠笔替换笔芯的优选构造。
<<圆珠笔(第1实施形态)>>
图3表示第1实施形态的圆珠笔。
圆珠笔1具备轴筒11、在轴筒11内以可在前后方向移动的方式收容的圆珠笔替换笔芯2、及设置在轴筒11外表面的操作部12,且以如下方式构成:通过对操作部12(夹扣)向前方进行滑动操作,圆珠笔替换笔芯2的圆珠笔笔尖3(笔头)可自轴筒11的前端孔出入。
轴筒11具备前轴11a及装卸自由地螺固该前轴11a的后轴11b,通过将前轴11a自后轴11b卸除,可交换轴筒11内部的圆珠笔替换笔芯2。
在轴筒11的后端安装有包含弹性材料(例如橡胶、弹性体等具有弹性的合成树脂)的磨擦体13。通过磨擦体13,可利用磨擦热变色性墨液的笔迹时产生的磨擦热使该笔迹热变色(或退色)。
<<圆珠笔(第2实施形态)>>
图4表示第2实施形态的圆珠笔。
圆珠笔1具备轴筒11、在轴筒11内收容的圆珠笔替换笔芯2、及装卸自由地嵌合在轴筒11的圆珠笔笔尖侧(笔头侧)外表面的笔帽14,圆珠笔替换笔芯2的圆珠笔笔尖3(笔头)自轴筒11的前端孔向外部突出。
轴筒11具备前轴11a及装卸自由地螺固该前轴11a的后轴11b,通过将前轴11a自后轴11b卸除,可更换轴筒11内部的圆珠笔替换笔芯2。
在轴筒11的后端安装有由弹性材料(例如橡胶、弹性体等具有弹性的合成树脂)制成的磨擦体13。通过磨擦体13,可利用磨擦热变色性墨液的笔迹时产生的磨擦热使该笔迹热变色(或退色)。
<<圆珠笔替换笔芯>>
图5~7表示用于所述圆珠笔1的圆珠笔替换笔芯2的实施形态。
本实施形态的圆珠笔替换笔芯2具备在前端部可旋转地抱持圆珠5的圆珠笔笔尖3、收容配置在所述圆珠笔笔尖3的内部的弹簧6、在前部压入固定该圆珠笔笔尖3的保持器7、及在前端开口部压入固定该保持器的后部的墨液收容筒8。
再者,本实施形态中所谓“前”指笔头圆珠侧,所谓“后”指其相反侧。
·圆珠笔笔尖
所述圆珠笔笔尖3由笔尖本体4与圆珠5组成。所述笔尖本体3包含由在前端可旋转地抱持圆珠5的直圆筒状的小径筒部41、自该小径筒部41在后方一体地连接设置且直径向后方逐渐扩大的锥形筒部42、及自该锥形筒部42在后方一体地连接设置的直圆筒状的大径筒部43构成的金属制筒体。所述金属制筒体例如可通过SUS304、SUS305、SUS321等奥氏体不锈钢而获得。
在所述笔尖本体3的小径筒部41的前端附近内表面,通过向内侧的推压变形,在圆周方向等间隔地形成多个(例如4个)内侧突出部41b。通过所述内侧突出部41b而形成圆珠托座。此外,在笔尖本体3的前端,通过以圆周状向内侧推压变形,形成向内的前端缘部41a。在所述内侧突出部41b(圆珠托座)的前表面与所述前端缘部41a的后表面之间形成可旋转地抱持圆珠5的圆珠抱持部。在所述内侧突出部41b的相互间形成自中心部在径向外方延伸且在轴向贯通的墨液流通孔41c。即,在所述圆珠托座形成所述墨液流通孔41c。所述圆珠笔笔尖3也可为在金属制的笔尖本体3的前端部通过切削加工而形成圆珠托座的类型。
·直圆筒状内表面
在比所述内侧突出部41b靠后的所述小径筒部41的内表面形成直圆筒状内表面。在所述大径筒部43的内表面形成直圆筒状内表面。
·锥形内表面
在所述锥形筒部42的内表面形成直径向后方逐渐扩大的锥形内表面(或圆锥面状内表面)。
·弹簧
所述弹簧6通过1根金属线材(例如线径0.11mm的不锈钢制线材)一体地连接设置前部的杆部61与后部的线圈部62。
·杆部
所述杆部61在轴向上直线状延伸,插入所述圆珠托座41b的墨液流通孔41c。所述杆部61的前端抵接在圆珠5的后表面的大致中心部,通过所述杆部61直接将所述圆珠5向前方赋能。由此,所述圆珠5与所述前端缘部41a的内周面密接,可防止墨液自笔尖本体3的前端漏出及墨液的蒸发。
·线圈部
所述线圈部62由线材以螺旋状卷绕而形成。在所述线圈部62的前端部及后端部形成线材彼此密接的密接卷部。除所述线圈部62的前端部及后端部外的中间部形成在线材间具有间隙的有效卷部。弹簧6将圆珠5向前方赋能的弹力(具体而言将圆珠5向后方推压0.01mm时的负荷)设定在14克~25克(优选为15克~22克)的范围。
·保持器
所述保持器7是通过合成树脂(例如聚丙烯)的注射成形而获得的筒状体。所述保持器7包含安装圆珠笔笔尖3的尖细状的前部71、抵接在墨液收容筒8的前端面的凸缘部72、及压入墨液收容筒8的前端开口部的后部73。笔尖本体3的后部压入固定在所述保持器7的前部71的安装孔。在所述安装孔内表面的后端突出设置有段部74,笔尖本体3的后端被所述段部74卡止,并且弹簧6的后端(线圈部62的后端)被所述段部74卡止。
·墨液收容筒
所述墨液收容筒8是通过合成树脂(例如聚丙烯)的挤出成形而获得的两端开口的圆筒体。所述墨液收容筒8的内部填充有墨液81及伴随该墨液81的消耗而前进的由高粘度流体构成的追随体82。在所述墨液收容筒8的后端开口部压入固定有尾栓83。所述尾栓83具有可将墨液收容筒8内与外部气体连通的通气孔。所述墨液81是本发明的圆珠笔的水性墨液组合物。所述追随体82例如可列举仅包含高粘度流体的构成、或在高粘度流体中收容有固形物的构成。
·圆珠
所述圆珠5采用直径A为0.25mm~0.7mm(优选为0.3mm~0.5mm,进而优选为0.3mm~0.45mm)的范围。具体而言,圆珠5根据所期望的笔迹宽度准备多种尺寸的,例如直径为0.25mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.7mm。
作为所述圆珠抱持部的圆珠5的轴向的可移动量,就获得顺利的墨液流出性的方面而言,优选为0.02mm~0.05mm的范围。所述圆珠抱持部的圆珠5的轴向的可移动量根据圆珠5的直径A而有所不同,设定为圆珠5直径A的5%~15%(优选为8%~12%)的范围,由此,获得顺利的墨液流出性与充分的圆珠露出量。
所述圆珠4的材料可使用圆珠笔中通常所使用的金属等。例如可列举:钛、锆、铪、钒、铌、钽、铬、钼或前述物质的碳化物或氮化物,可优选使用钨的碳化物(碳化钨)。此外,使用将这些材料作为基材,含有钴作为结合材料的超硬合金的情形也优选。
再者,在圆珠为含有钴的超硬合金的情形时,结合材料可仅包含钴,也可为除钴以外还含有铁或镍等金属。钴的含有率并无特别限定,如果考虑抑制圆珠表面的变质,维持圆珠表面的良好的润滑性,则以超硬合金总质量为基准,优选为5~20质量%,更优选为8~15质量%。圆珠中的钴可通过使用有扫描式电子显微镜的能量分散型X射线分光法的分析而检测出。所述测定中可使用电子显微镜(制品名:Miniscope TM-1000,Hitachi High-Technologies株式会社制造)及EDX(Energy-dispersive X-ray,能量色散X射线)分析装置(制品名:Swift ED-TM,英国Oxford公司制造)。
所述圆珠5向轴向前方的露出量E设定为圆珠5的直径A的22%~32%的范围。所述圆珠5向轴向前方的露出量E抵抗弹簧的前方赋能而将圆珠5向后方推压,在圆珠5与各内侧突出部41b(圆珠托座)接触的状态下测定。在直径A为所述范围(尤其圆珠5的直径A为0.3mm~0.45mm)内采用直径不同的多种圆珠5而获得多种圆珠笔笔尖3的情形时,采用共通的弹簧6。
·小径筒部
在圆珠5的直径A为所述范围(尤其圆珠5的直径A为0.3mm~0.45mm)的情形时,所述小径筒部41的直圆筒状内表面的内径B设定为大于圆珠5的直径A。具体而言,所述小径筒部41的内径B设定为比圆珠5的直径A大0.03mm~0.06mm。
比所述小径筒部41的内侧突出部靠后方的直圆筒状内表面的轴向的长度F设定为小于圆珠5的直径A。由此,墨液润滑地供给至圆珠5的后表面,获得顺利的墨液流出性。
·锥形筒部
在圆珠5的直径A为所述范围(尤其圆珠5的直径A为0.3mm~0.45mm)的情形时,所述锥形筒部42的锥形内表面的角度α(以轴线为中心的圆锥面状内表面的角度α)设定为30度~40度。所述锥形内表面的轴向的长度G设定为大于圆珠5的直径A。具体而言,所述锥形内表面的轴向的长度G设定为圆珠5的直径A的1.1倍~5.0倍(优选为2倍~4.5倍)。通过所述锥形筒部42,可以获得顺利的墨液流通性的方式适宜地连接小径筒部41与大径筒部43。
·大径筒部
在圆珠5的直径A为所述范围(尤其圆珠5的直径A为0.3mm~0.45mm)的情形时,所述大径筒部43的直圆筒状内表面的内径C设定为0.9mm以上(优选为1mm以上),所述大径筒部43的直圆筒状内表面的外径D设定为1.2mm以上(优选为1.3mm以上)。所述大径筒部43的直圆筒状内表面的轴向的长度H设定为4.0mm~5.0mm的范围。
此外,在圆珠5的直径A为所述范围(尤其圆珠5的直径A为0.3mm~0.45mm)内,采用不同直径的多种圆珠5而获得多种圆珠笔笔尖3的情形时,各个大径筒部43的内径C设定为相同,且各个大径筒部43的外径D设定为相同,由此,圆珠笔笔尖3对保持器7的安装部的形状可共通化,从而实现制造步骤的简略化。
本实施形态的圆珠笔替换笔芯2至少将以下构成作为必要条件。
本实施形态的圆珠笔替换笔芯2具备:在前端部可旋转地抱持圆珠5的圆珠笔笔尖3、收容配置在圆珠笔笔尖3的内部的弹簧6、固定该圆珠笔笔尖3的后部73的保持器7、及该保持器7的后部73固定在其前端开口部的墨液收容筒8,
在墨液收容筒8的内部填充有热变色性墨液81、及伴随该墨液81的消耗而前进的由高粘度流体组成的追随体82,
圆珠笔笔尖3具备包含由在前端可旋转地抱持圆珠5的直圆筒状的小径筒部41、自该小径筒部41在后方一体地连接设置且直径向后方逐渐扩大的锥形筒部42、及自该锥形筒部42在后方一体地连接设置的直圆筒状的大径筒部43组成的金属制筒体的笔尖本体3,
将圆珠5向前方赋能的弹簧6的弹力设定为14克~25克的范围,
圆珠5的材料使用结合材料中含有钴的超硬合金,
圆珠5的直径A设定为0.25mm~0.7mm的范围,
圆珠抱持部的圆珠5的轴向的可移动量设定为0.02mm~0.05mm的范围,
比圆珠托座41b靠后的小径筒部41的直圆筒状内表面的内径B设定为比圆珠5的直径A大0.03mm~0.06mm,
比圆珠托座41b靠后的小径筒部41的直圆筒状内表面的轴向的长度F设定为小于圆珠5的直径A,
大径筒部43的直圆筒状内表面的内径C设定为0.9mm以上。
再者,此种圆珠笔或圆珠笔替换笔芯的构造即使在组合本发明中特定的水性墨液组合物以外的墨液组合物的情形时,也可提供优异的性能。尤其,对超硬合金的圆珠而言,如果墨液组合物为强酸性,则有时表面变质从而降低圆珠表面的润滑性。然而,如果墨液组合物为强碱性,则由于与墨液组合物中通常含有的增粘剂相互作用,有时墨液组合物的粘度上升。因此,所述圆珠笔或圆珠笔替换笔芯中组合的墨液组合物的pH值优选为4以上且小于7,优选为4.5以上且小于7。尤其在墨液组合物为含有微胶囊颜料的墨液组合物的情形时,可获得具有优异的特性的圆珠笔或圆珠笔替换笔芯。即,即使是在使用可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮聚合物及甘油的含有率为由本发明特定的范围外的墨液组合物的情形时,内置含有可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料与增粘剂且具有4以上且小于7的pH值的可逆热变色性水性墨液组合物,并且在笔头具备包含含有钴作为结合材料的超硬合金的圆珠的圆珠笔或圆珠笔替换笔芯也显示优异的特性。
[实施例]
以下,通过实施例,进而详细地说明本发明,但本发明不受这些实施例限定。
再者,微胶囊颜料的平均粒径使用所述激光衍射/散射式粒径分布测定装置(装置名:LA-300,堀场制作所株式会社制造)而测定的体积基准的平均粒径(中值粒径),该激光衍射/散射式粒径分布测定装置以使用利用库尔特法(电检测区法)的测定装置测量的数值为基准而进行了校准。
<制备例1:微胶囊颜料MC1的制备>
可逆热变色性组合物的制备
获得内包有可逆热变色性组合物的可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料悬浮液,该可逆热变色性组合物由作为供电子性显色性有机化合物(成分(a))的2-(2-氯苯氨基)-6-二正丁氨基荧烷4.5份、作为电子接受性化合物(成分(b))的1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)正癸烷4.5份及2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷7.5份、作为反应介质(成分(c))的癸酸4-苄氧基苯基乙酯50.0份组成。对所述悬浮液进行离心分离而分离可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料。再者,所述微胶囊颜料的平均粒径为2.5μm,显示具有t1:-20℃、t2:-9℃、t3:40℃、t4:57℃、ΔH63℃的迟滞特性的行为,可逆地从黑色变为无色,从无色变为黑色。
<制备例2:微胶囊颜料MC2的制备>
获得内包有感温变色性色彩记忆组合物的可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料悬浮液,该感温变色性色彩记忆组合物由作为供电子性显色性有机化合物(成分(a))的3-(4-二乙氨基-2-己氧基苯基)-3-(1-乙基-2-甲基吲哚-3-基)-4-氮杂苯酞2.0份、作为电子接受性化合物(成分(b))的2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷8.0份、作为反应介质(成分(c))的癸酸-4-苄氧基苯基乙酯50.0质量份组成。对所述悬浮液进行离心分离而分离可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料。所述微胶囊颜料的平均粒径为2.3μm,显示具有t1:-14℃、t2:-6℃、t3:48℃、t4:60℃、ΔH64℃的迟滞特性的行为,可逆地从蓝色变为无色,从无色变为蓝色。
<实施例1>
配合下述各成分,加以混合而获得墨液组合物。
·可逆热变色性微胶囊(MC1) 18.0质量%
·N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的聚合物(聚合度2~20)(P1) 5.0质量%
·甘油(G) 5.0质量%
·增粘剂(V1) 0.2质量%
(商品名:Rheozan,三晶株式会社制造)
·多糖(D) 2.0质量%
(商品名:Sundek 30,三和淀粉工业株式会社制造)
·表面活性剂(S) 0.5质量%
(第一工业制药株式会社制造,商品名:Plysurf AL)
·pH值调整剂(B) 0.5质量%
(三乙醇胺)
·防腐剂(AS) 0.2质量%
(商品名:Proxel XL-2(S),Lonza Japan株式会社制造)
·水(离子交换水)残余
所得墨液组合物的20℃下的pH值为8.0,20℃下测定的粘度在转速3.84sec-1下为780mPa·s,在转速384sec-1下为35.0mPa·s,20℃下的表面张力为37.0mN/m。
<实施例2~12、比较例1~8>
除将墨液组合物变更为表1所示的组成以外,以与实施例1相同的方式获得实施例2~12及比较例1~8的墨液组合物。
<水性圆珠笔替换笔芯的制作>
首先,将制备的各例的墨液组合物填充至在聚丙烯制的管的一端嵌着有株式会社PILOT CORPORATION制的圆珠笔笔尖(商品名:Friction Ball 05,圆珠直径0.5mm,间隙43μm)的墨液收容管,进而,使墨液逆流防止体与所述墨液后端面密接而填充,获得圆珠笔替换笔芯。
关于这些圆珠笔替换笔芯,研究每100m的墨液消耗量。再者,收容有实施例1(圆珠直径0.5mm)的墨液组合物的圆珠笔替换笔芯的墨液消耗量为280mg。关于实施例2~9、11~12及比较例1~7(圆珠直径全部为0.5mm)也相同。此外,实施例10(圆珠直径0.5mm)的水性圆珠笔替换笔芯中,墨液消耗量为230mg。此外,收容有比较例8的墨液组合物的圆珠笔替换笔芯(圆珠直径0.5mm)的每100m的墨液消耗量为160mg。
进而,关于这些实施例11及12中所使用的墨液组合物,对填充至其他圆珠笔替换笔芯的情形时的墨液消耗量也进行研究。具体而言,所述第1实施形态中,准备组合有圆珠直径为0.4mm或0.5mm的圆珠的圆珠笔替换笔芯,在其中填充墨液组合物。将实施例11及12的墨液组合物组合在圆珠直径为0.4mm的圆珠笔替换笔芯的情形(实施例11A及12A)时的墨液消耗量均为220mg,组合在0.5mm的圆珠笔替换笔芯的情形(实施例11B及12B)时的墨液消耗量均为300mg。
<评价>
将各替换笔芯在50℃下静置30天后,进行初始笔迹浓度及耐干燥性的评价。具体而言,一面使笔头接触纸面,一面使笔头以连续画圈的方式移动,形成笔迹。此时,目视确认书写开始部分的笔迹浓度,以下述基准评价初始浓度。
A:书写开始部分可确认充分的浓度
B:书写开始部分的浓度稍低
C:书写开始部分几乎无法目视确认
此外,耐干燥性是通过数出形成笔迹为止的圈数,以下述基准进行评价。
A:1圈以内的模糊
B:3圈以内的模糊
C:6圈以内的模糊
D:12圈以内的模糊
E:无法书写
此处,D及E为实用上无法利用的水平。
通常若替换笔芯长期静置,则有时笔头干燥而发生固化等,书写开始时墨液组合物无法正常流出,笔迹中产生模糊等。该书写开始时的模糊越少,表示具有越优异的耐干燥性。
所得结果如表1所示。
表1
表中:
MC1:微胶囊颜料MC1
MC2:微胶囊颜料MC2
PIG1:氧化钛(商品名:CR-85,石原产业株式会社制造,平均粒径0.25μm)
P1:N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的聚合物(聚合度2~20)
P2:ε-己内酰胺
V1:琥珀酰聚糖(商品名:Rheozan,三晶株式会社制造)
V2:黄原胶(商品名:Kelzan,三晶株式会社制造)
D:糊精(含有94%的8糖以上的淀粉糖化物的糖混合物,商品名:Sundek 30,三和淀粉工业株式会社制造)
S:磷酸酯表面活性剂(商品名:Plysurf AL,第一工业制药株式会社制造)
B:三乙醇胺
AS:商品名:Proxel XL-2(S),Lonza Japan株式会社制造
再者,对将实施例11及12的墨液组合物填充至所述第1实施形态的圆珠笔替换笔芯的情形时的各种性能进行相同的评价。实施例11A及11B与实施例11是相同、实施例12A及12B与实施例12是相同的评价结果。
图8是表示干燥性能评价中的笔迹的一例的图。图8(A)是使用有实施例1的墨液组合物的情形时的耐干燥性评价后的笔迹的照片,图8(B)是其写出部分(图8(A)的左上部分)的放大图。图9(A)是使用有比较例1的墨液组合物的情形时的耐干燥性评价后的笔迹的照片,图9(B)是其写出部分(图9(A)的左上部分)的放大图。
<实施例13>
配合下述各成分,加以混合而获得墨液组合物。
·可逆热变色性微胶囊(MC2) 10.0质量%
·光亮性颜料1 1.0质量%
(Oike Imaging株式会社制造,LG neo SILVER#325)
·光亮性颜料2 4.0质量%
(Merck公司制造,Iriodin 103)
·N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的聚合物(聚合度2~20)(P1) 5.0质量%
·甘油(G) 5.0质量%
·脲 1.0质量%
·增粘剂(V1) 0.2质量%
(商品名:Rheozan,三晶株式会社制造)
·多糖(D) 2.0质量%
(商品名:Sundek 30三和淀粉工业株式会社制造)
·表面活性剂(S) 0.5质量%
(第一工业制药株式会社制造,商品名:Plysurf AL)
·pH值调整剂(B) 0.2质量%
(三乙醇胺)
·防腐剂(AS) 0.2质量%
(商品名:Proxel XL-2(S),Lonza Japan株式会社制造)
·水(离子交换水) 残余
<比较例9>
除从实施例13去除N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的聚合物(聚合度2~20)(P1)及甘油(G),并且填补水(离子交换水)以外,以同样的方式制作墨液。
关于实施例13及比较例9,将制备的各墨液组合物填充至在聚丙烯制的管的一端嵌着有株式会社PILOT CORPORATION制的圆珠笔笔尖(商品名:Friction Ball 07,圆珠直径0.7mm,间隙46μm)的墨液收容管,进而,使墨液逆流防止体与所述墨液后端面密接而填充,获得圆珠笔替换笔芯。
再者,收容有实施例13的墨液组合物的圆珠笔替换笔芯的每100m的墨液消耗量为340mg。
<评价>
将实施例13及比较例9的各替换笔芯在50℃下静置15天后,以与实施例1相同的方法,进行初始笔迹浓度及耐干燥性的评价。在实施例13中,初始浓度及耐干燥性为A评价,相对于此比较例9的初始浓度为A评价,但耐干燥性为D评价,确认实施例13的墨液组合物的耐干燥性优异。
(参考例1)
(可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料的制备:微胶囊颜料MCA)
内包有由作为(a)成分的2-(2-氯苯氨基)-6-二正丁氨基荧烷4.5份、
作为(b)成分的1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)正癸烷4.5份、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷7.5份、和
作为(c)成分的癸酸4-苄氧基苯基乙酯50.0份
组成的可逆热变色性组合物的微胶囊颜料(t1:-20℃,t2:-9℃,t3:40℃,t4:57℃,ΔH:63℃,平均粒径:2.5μm,从黑色变为无色,从无色变为黑色)
(水性墨液组合物的制备)
通过所述可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料、下述原材料及配合量,在室温下搅拌混合1小时,由此获得水性墨液组合物。使用IM-40S型pH计(东亚DKK株式会社制造)测定所得水性墨液组合物的pH值,结果在20℃下为5.7。
此外,通过E型旋转粘度计(商品名:DV-II粘度计,Brookfield公司制造,转子:Cone Rotor CPE42)测定水性墨液组合物的粘度,结果在20℃、旋转速度3.84sec-1下的粘度为780mPa·s,旋转速度384sec-1下的粘度为35.0mPa·s。
此外,作为水性墨液组合物的表面张力,通过表面张力计侧器(20℃环境下,垂直平板法,协和界面科学株式会社制造)使用铂板进行测定的结果为37.0mN/m。
·可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料(微胶囊颜料MCA) 16质量%
·增粘剂(琥珀酰聚糖,商品名:Rheozan,三晶株式会社制造) 0.3质量%
·糖(糊精,商品名:Sundek 30,三和淀粉工业株式会社制造) 1质量%
·磷酸酯表面活性剂(聚氧乙烯芳基醚磷酸,商品名:Plysurf AL,第一工业制药株式会社制造) 0.5质量%
·三乙醇胺 0.2质量%
·磷酸 0.2质量%
·防腐剂(苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮,商品名:Proxel XL-2(S),Lonza Japan株式会社制造) 0.2质量%
·水 81.6质量%
(参考例2~10、R1~R6)
相对于参考例1,如表2所示变更所配合的成分的种类或添加量,获得参考例2~10、R1~R6的墨液组合物。
所述例中所使用的材料的详细内容如下所述。
·颜料(1) [可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料(所述微胶囊颜料MCA)]
·颜料(2) [氧化钛(商品名:CR-85,石原产业株式会社制造,平均粒径0.25μm)]
·增粘剂 (琥珀酰聚糖,商品名:Rheozan,三晶株式会社制造)
·糖 (糊精,商品名:Sundek 30,含有94%的8糖以上的淀粉糖化物的糖混合物,三和淀粉工业株式会社制造)
·磷酸酯表面活性剂(1) (聚氧乙烯芳基醚磷酸,商品名:Plysurf AL,第一工业制药株式会社制造)
·磷酸酯表面活性剂(2) (聚氧乙烯芳基醚磷酸,商品名:DispersogenLFH,Clariant Japan株式会社制造)
·磷酸酯表面活性剂(3) (聚氧乙烯十三烷基醚磷酸,商品名:Plysurf A212C,第一工业制药株式会社制造)
·pH值调整剂(1) 三乙醇胺
·pH值调整剂(2) 磷酸
·防腐剂 (苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮,商品名:Proxel XL-2(S),LonzaJapan株式会社制造)
·水溶性有机溶剂 (甘油)
·水
关于制备的水性墨液组合物,如下所述那样进行评价。所得结果如表2所记载。
评价试验中制作所述第1实施形态的圆珠笔并使用。再者,所述圆珠笔的圆珠直径为0.4mm,内置在圆珠笔的墨液量为0.9g。
此外,表中,圆珠中所含的钴通过使用有电子显微镜(制品名:Miniscope TM-1000,Hitachi High-Technologies株式会社制造)的EDX分析(倍率1000倍的面分析)而检测出。所述分析的条件如下所述。
装置:SEM:Miniscope TM-1000(Hitachi High-Technologies株式会社制造)
EDX:SwiftED-TM(英国Oxford公司制造)
电子枪:W hairpin filament(发夹式灯丝)型热电子枪
加速电压:15kV
检测器:硅漂移检测器(EDX)
测定时间:100秒
(笔迹的模糊、中断的评价1)
将所述圆珠笔在50℃下放置60天后,在温度20℃、书写负荷100g、书写角度70°及书写速度4m/分钟的书写条件下,在试验纸上连续书写10m圈状的笔迹,以目视确认笔迹的模糊、中断的有无。再者,所述试验纸使用JIS P3201书写用纸A。
A:未确认模糊、中断。
C:发生模糊、中断,笔迹的视认性较差。实用上有问题。
(笔迹的模糊、中断的评价2)
根据以下1~2的顺序冷却在所述笔迹的模糊、中断的评价1中所使用的圆珠笔,其后进行在试验纸上形成圈状笔迹的10m的连续书写。通过目视观察此时笔迹的模糊、中断。再者,书写条件、试验纸与所述笔迹的模糊、中断的评价1为相同条件。
1.在-20℃下将圆珠笔横向放置24小时,使墨液冷冻。
2.在室温下放置24小时,将墨液解冻。
A:未确认模糊、中断。
C:发生模糊、中断,笔迹的视认性较差。实用上有问题。
(圆珠表面的润滑性的评价)
使用于所述笔迹的模糊、中断的评价2中使用的圆珠笔,确认是否可连续书写直至墨液全部消耗。
A;可连续地持续书写直至墨液全部消耗。
B:可连续地持续书写直至墨液全部消耗,但在墨液即将全部消耗前,笔迹中发生稍许模糊、中断。实用上无问题。
C:墨液全部消耗前,圆珠变得无法充分旋转,无法持续书写。
试验结果记在以下表2。
[表2]
附图标记说明
t1:加热退色型的微胶囊颜料的完全显色温度
t2:加热退色型的微胶囊颜料的开始显色温度
t3:加热退色型的微胶囊颜料的开始退色温度
t4:加热退色型的微胶囊颜料的完全退色温度
ΔH:迟滞宽度
Claims (10)
1.一种可逆热变色性水性墨液组合物,其含有可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料、聚合度为2~20的N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮聚合物、甘油和水,
所述可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料是在由有机树脂形成的微胶囊中内包含有(a)成分、(b)成分和(c)成分的可逆热变色性组合物而成的,所述(a)成分是供电子性显色性有机化合物,所述(b)成分是电子接受性化合物,所述(c)成分是决定所述(a)成分和(b)成分的显色反应的发生温度的反应介质,并且
在将所述可逆热变色性微胶囊颜料、所述N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮聚合物和所述甘油相对于所述墨液组合物的总质量的以质量百分比计的含有率分别设为PMC、PPVP及PG时,满足:
0.3≤PMC/(PPVP+PG)≤4并且
0.2≤PPVP/PG≤5。
2.如权利要求1所述的可逆热变色性水性墨液组合物,所述PMC为5~40质量%。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的可逆热变色性水性墨液组合物,所述PMC为5~40质量%,所述PPVP为1~20质量%,所述PG为1~20质量%。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的可逆热变色性水性墨液组合物,所述PMC、所述PPVP及所述PG的总计为20~50质量%。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的可逆热变色性水性墨液组合物,其还含有多糖类。
6.如权利要求5所述的可逆热变色性水性墨液组合物,所述多糖类为琥珀酰聚糖或黄原胶。
7.一种替换笔芯,其内置有权利要求1至6中任一项所述的可逆热变色性水性墨液组合物。
8.一种水性圆珠笔,其内置有权利要求1至6中任一项所述的可逆热变色性水性墨液组合物。
9.如权利要求8所述的水性圆珠笔,其具备出入式机构。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的水性圆珠笔,其上固定有磨擦构件。
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