CN113774326B - 一种金属波纹管表面处理方法 - Google Patents
一种金属波纹管表面处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113774326B CN113774326B CN202110986075.1A CN202110986075A CN113774326B CN 113774326 B CN113774326 B CN 113774326B CN 202110986075 A CN202110986075 A CN 202110986075A CN 113774326 B CN113774326 B CN 113774326B
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- acid
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid group Chemical group C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(=O)O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.NC(N)=O AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
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- C23G1/063—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions using inhibitors organic inhibitors heterocyclic compounds
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- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种金属波纹管表面处理方法，其包括使用乙醇蒸汽加热工件的预热过程，得到预热工件；用酸溶液处理所述预热工件的酸洗过程，得到酸洗工件；用防腐蚀涂料喷涂在所述酸洗工件的内壁和外壁的涂覆过程，得到涂覆工件；以及对所述涂覆工件的内壁和外壁进行镀膜处理和蚀刻处理的步骤。本发明通过预热和酸洗过程对工件表面进行物化处理，使得工件表面充分活化，再通过涂覆过程、镀膜处理和蚀刻处理在工件表面形成多层层状结构，能在提高工件表面耐腐蚀性能的同时，避免腐蚀介质附着，从而能延长工件及带有该工件的混凝土构件的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及波纹管加工的技术领域，尤其是涉及一种金属波纹管表面处理方法。
背景技术
金属波纹管是指镀锌或不镀锌低碳钢带螺旋折叠咬口制成、并的金属管。现有的金属波纹管外型呈规则的波浪样，材质为碳钢、不锈钢、钢质衬塑、铝质的等等，主要用于需要很小的弯曲半径非同心轴向传动，或者不规则转弯、伸缩，或者吸收管道的热变形等，或者不便于用固定弯头安装的场合做管道与管道的连接，或者管道与设备的连接使用。传统的金属波纹管的耐腐蚀等性能较差，在用于后张法预应力混凝土结构构件中的预留孔时，其表面会在水和氧气等外界因素的侵蚀下发生腐蚀，进而影响带有金属波纹管的构件的使用寿命，亟待改进。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是针对现有技术中所存在的上述不足而提供一种金属波纹管表面处理方法，其具有提高金属波纹管表面耐腐蚀性能的优点。
本发明的上述发明目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：
一种金属波纹管表面处理方法，包括使用乙醇蒸汽加热工件的预热过程，得到预热工件；用酸溶液处理所述预热工件的酸洗过程，得到酸洗工件；用防腐蚀涂料喷涂在所述酸洗工件的内壁和外壁的涂覆过程，得到涂覆工件；以及对所述涂覆工件的内壁和外壁进行镀膜处理和蚀刻处理的步骤。
通过采用上述技术方案，预热过程既是为了便于后续酸洗、涂覆等工序的顺利展开，又能通过乙醇蒸汽消除工件内应力，并有效去除工件表面的油脂等附着物，以使工件的内外表面均匀地到均匀充足的处理，再通过酸洗的方式对工件表面进行二次处理，在去除工件表面氧化膜的同时，能调整工件弹性，以免影响后续涂覆、镀膜等的质量，然后通过涂覆防腐蚀涂料和镀膜处理，能直接增强工件的耐腐蚀性能，延长其使用寿命，同时通过蚀刻处理提高波纹管的防污性能，以免腐蚀介质附着在工件表面；综上所述，通过预热和酸洗过程对工件表面进行物化处理，使得工件表面充分活化，再通过涂覆过程、镀膜处理和蚀刻处理在工件表面形成多层层状结构，能在提高工件表面耐腐蚀性能的同时，避免腐蚀介质附着，从而能延长工件及带有该工件的混凝土构件的使用寿命。
进一步的，所述预热过程包括，将工件安装于密闭的蒸汽箱，然后向所述蒸汽箱内通入乙醇蒸汽，加热1.5-2.5h，得到预热工件。在密闭环境中，有利于乙醇蒸汽与工件的内壁和外壁充分均匀接触，以得到更好的处理质量。
优选的，所述预热处理过程中，先控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为160-180℃，加热0.5-1.0h，再在0.5h将乙醇蒸汽匀速升温至185℃，然后控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为185-225℃，加热0.5-1.0h。这种阶梯式升温的方式，能较快去除工件表面的油脂等附着物。
进一步的，所述酸洗过程包括，将所述预热工件浸泡于酸溶液中，浸泡1-4h，浸泡过程中不断改变预热工件的伸长率，伸长率的变化范围为±5％，且变化速率为每8s改变1％的长度，然后水洗，得到酸洗工件。
优选的，所述酸溶液由以下重量百分比的原料组成，盐酸20%，硝酸15%，聚乙二醇0.17%，过氧化物0.50%，再生剂0.18%，络合剂1.00%，咪唑啉类缓蚀剂0.10%，助溶剂0.75%，表面活性剂0.50%，烷基糖苷0.75%，水溶性防锈剂1.00%，余量为水。在实际酸洗过程中，在再生剂维持足够的酸根离子含量的基础上，盐酸电解形成的氯离子可吸附在工件的氧化皮上，由于其半径较小，很容易穿透氧化皮产生强烈的离子导电，使氧化皮遭到破坏，促进酸洗效率；然后聚乙二醇通过微电子的力量集结随机扩散的氢原子，以激发活性氢原子的功效，有利于氢离子渗透到氧化皮内，加快氧化皮的溶解速率；与此同时，通过引入硝酸/络合剂二次处理工件氧化皮，可获得较为光亮的外表，有利于提高酸洗质量；另外，助溶剂主要起到助熔和促进溶解的作用，再通过烷基糖苷与表面活性剂协同作用，能在酸洗过程中产生细密覆盖的泡沫层，阻止盐酸、硝酸等酸雾溢出，以降低酸性介质对人体的损害，最后通过表面活性剂、水溶性防锈剂和咪唑啉类缓蚀剂组成金属清洗剂，能有效避免过酸洗、过腐蚀的现象发生，进而使工件的消蚀度可控，以获得更佳的酸洗质量；最后，通过过氧化物调节酸洗液的电极电势，以在工件氧化皮清除后期，钝化反应将重新建立新的反应平衡，生成钝化保护膜的反应占完全主导地位，可大大降低腐蚀量；综上所述，采用盐酸-硝酸-再生剂-络合剂建立酸洗体系，直接消除了原先含氢氟酸的酸洗液不安全的问题，并辅以过氧化物、咪唑啉类缓蚀剂和多功能助剂调节酸溶液腐蚀量，使得工件氧化皮的消蚀度可控，以便于将腐蚀量控制在一定的范围内，达到了提高酸洗质量的目的。
进一步的，所述涂覆过程包括，将防腐蚀涂料通过喷涂机沿着所述酸洗工件内壁和外壁进行喷涂，以使所述酸洗工件表面形成1-3mm的涂覆层，烘干，得到涂覆工件。
优选的，所述防腐蚀涂料由包含以下重量百分比的原料组成，环氧树脂50-55%，苯烯酸树脂10-15%，二苯醚树脂5-8%，纳米级二氧化钛2-4%，甲基异丁基酮0.6-1.2%，八钛酸钾晶须0.5-1.0%，云母粉1.5-2.0%，季铵盐-90-膨润土0.6-1.2%，鲸蜡基聚乙醇/聚丙二醇-10/1聚二甲基硅氧烷0.8-1.8%，余量为水。在甲基异丁基酮、季铵盐-90-膨润土、鲸蜡基聚乙醇/聚丙二醇-10/1聚二甲基硅氧烷促进各组分分散共容的基础上，以环氧树脂、苯烯酸树脂和二苯醚树脂构成防腐蚀涂料的主要防腐蚀体系，再通过纳米级二氧化钛、云母粉和八钛酸钾晶须加强防腐蚀体系的耐老化性能和抗拉强度，能促使涂覆层牢固附着在工件上，直接加强工件的耐腐蚀性能。
进一步的，所述镀膜处理和蚀刻处理的步骤中，先在所述涂覆工件的内壁和外壁形成PVD镀膜，PVD镀膜的厚度为0.010-0.015mm，再在PVD镀膜上进行蚀刻处理。
优选的，所述镀膜处理包括，通过真空溅射镀膜的方式在所述酸洗工件的内壁和外壁形成PVD镀膜，PVD镀膜选用的膜层材料为Ti、TiO、TiN、Ni、NiO中的一种。在已经涂覆耐腐蚀涂料得到基础上，采用上述膜层材料进行镀膜处理，所形成的的PVD镀膜与涂覆工件的附着性强、绕射性好，更加持久耐磨。
优选的，所述蚀刻处理包括，通过离子束或大气等离子体在PVD镀膜上进行等离子体蚀刻，先在PVD镀膜的表面一次蚀刻1.0-1.5h，形成微米凸起，然后在微米凸起上二次蚀刻0.5-1.0h，形成纳米凸起。通过蚀刻出微米-纳米的双微结构，使工件表面具有良好疏水疏油性，耐沾污性能有效提高。
综上所述，本发明的有益技术效果为：通过预热和酸洗过程对工件表面进行物化处理，使得工件表面充分活化，再通过涂覆过程、镀膜处理和蚀刻处理在工件表面形成多层层状结构，能在提高工件表面耐腐蚀性能的同时，避免腐蚀介质附着，从而能延长工件及带有该工件的混凝土构件的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与作用更加清楚及易于了解，下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步阐述。
实施例
实施例1：为本发明公开的一种金属波纹管表面处理方法，包括使用乙醇蒸汽加热工件的预热过程，得到预热工件；用酸溶液处理所述预热工件的酸洗过程，得到酸洗工件；用防腐蚀涂料喷涂在所述酸洗工件的内壁和外壁的涂覆过程，得到涂覆工件；以及对所述涂覆工件的内壁和外壁进行镀膜处理和蚀刻处理的步骤。
在预热过程中，将工件安装于密闭的蒸汽箱，然后向蒸汽箱内通入乙醇蒸汽，先控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为160℃，加热0.5h，再在0.5h将乙醇蒸汽匀速升温至185℃，然后控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为185℃，加热1.0h，得到预热工件。
在酸洗过程中，将预热工件浸泡于酸溶液中，浸泡1.0h，浸泡过程中不断改变预热工件的伸长率，伸长率的变化范围为±5％，且变化速率为每8s改变1％的长度，然后水洗，得到酸洗工件。酸溶液由以下重量百分比的原料组成，盐酸20%，硝酸15%，聚乙二醇0.17%，过氧化物0.50%，再生剂0.18%，络合剂1.00%，咪唑啉类缓蚀剂0.10%，助溶剂0.75%，表面活性剂0.50%，烷基糖苷0.75%，水溶性防锈剂1.00%，余量为水。其中，过氧化物由包含以下重量份的原料组成，过氧化脲0.15份，液体过氧化氢0.10份，固体过氧化氢0.25份；再生剂由包含以下重量份的原料组成，盐酸羟胺0.04份，氯化钾0.05份，硝酸异山梨醇酯 0.04份，硝酸铵0.05份；络合剂为柠檬酸/D-酒石酸；咪唑啉类缓蚀剂为环烷基咪唑啉缓蚀剂；助溶剂为乙二胺；表面活性剂为全氟聚醚基表面活性剂；水溶性防锈剂为水溶性防锈剂L184。
在涂覆过程中，将防腐蚀涂料通过喷涂机沿着酸洗工件内壁和外壁进行喷涂，以使酸洗工件表面形成2mm的涂覆层，烘干，得到涂覆工件。防腐蚀涂料由包含以下重量百分比的原料组成，环氧树脂52%，苯烯酸树脂15%，二苯醚树脂5%，纳米级二氧化钛3%，甲基异丁基酮1.0%，八钛酸钾晶须0.7%，云母粉1.5%，季铵盐-90-膨润土0.6%，鲸蜡基聚乙醇/聚丙二醇-10/1聚二甲基硅氧烷1.8%，余量为水。
在镀膜处理和蚀刻处理的步骤中，通过真空溅射镀膜的方式在酸洗工件的内壁和外壁形成PVD镀膜，PVD镀膜的厚度为0.01mm，PVD镀膜选用的膜层材料为Ti；再通过离子束在PVD镀膜上进行等离子体蚀刻，先在PVD镀膜的表面一次蚀刻1.5h，形成微米凸起，然后在微米凸起上二次蚀刻0.5h，形成纳米凸起。
实施例2：为本发明公开的一种金属波纹管表面处理方法，与实施例1的不同之处在于，在预热过程中，将工件安装于密闭的蒸汽箱，然后向蒸汽箱内通入乙醇蒸汽，先控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为165℃，加热0.6h，再在0.5h将乙醇蒸汽匀速升温至185℃，然后控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为190℃，加热0.9h，得到预热工件。
在酸洗过程中，将预热工件浸泡于酸溶液中，浸泡2h，浸泡过程中不断改变预热工件的伸长率，伸长率的变化范围为±5％，且变化速率为每8s改变1％的长度，然后水洗，得到酸洗工件。
在涂覆过程中，将防腐蚀涂料通过喷涂机沿着酸洗工件内壁和外壁进行喷涂，以使酸洗工件表面形成2mm的涂覆层，烘干，得到涂覆工件。防腐蚀涂料由包含以下重量百分比的原料组成，环氧树脂53%，苯烯酸树脂13%，二苯醚树脂7%，纳米级二氧化钛2%，甲基异丁基酮1.1%，八钛酸钾晶须1.0%，云母粉1.8%，季铵盐-90-膨润土1.0%，鲸蜡基聚乙醇/聚丙二醇-10/1聚二甲基硅氧烷1.0%，余量为水。
在镀膜处理和蚀刻处理的步骤中，通过真空溅射镀膜的方式在酸洗工件的内壁和外壁形成PVD镀膜，PVD镀膜的厚度为0.012mm，PVD镀膜选用的膜层材料为TiO；再通过大气等离子体在PVD镀膜上进行等离子体蚀刻，先在PVD镀膜的表面一次蚀刻1.4h，形成微米凸起，然后在微米凸起上二次蚀刻0.6h，形成纳米凸起。
实施例3：为本发明公开的一种金属波纹管表面处理方法，与实施例1的不同之处在于，在预热过程中，将工件安装于密闭的蒸汽箱，然后向蒸汽箱内通入乙醇蒸汽，先控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为170℃，加热0.7h，再在0.5h将乙醇蒸汽匀速升温至185℃，然后控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为210℃，加热0.6h，得到预热工件。
在酸洗过程中，将预热工件浸泡于酸溶液中，浸泡3h，浸泡过程中不断改变预热工件的伸长率，伸长率的变化范围为±5％，且变化速率为每8s改变1％的长度，然后水洗，得到酸洗工件。
在涂覆过程中，将防腐蚀涂料通过喷涂机沿着酸洗工件内壁和外壁进行喷涂，以使酸洗工件表面形成1mm的涂覆层，烘干，得到涂覆工件。防腐蚀涂料由包含以下重量百分比的原料组成，环氧树脂50%，苯烯酸树脂12%，二苯醚树脂8%，纳米级二氧化钛2%，甲基异丁基酮1.2%，八钛酸钾晶须0.5%，云母粉2.0%，季铵盐-90-膨润土1.2%，鲸蜡基聚乙醇/聚丙二醇-10/1聚二甲基硅氧烷1.5%，余量为水。
在镀膜处理和蚀刻处理的步骤中，通过真空溅射镀膜的方式在酸洗工件的内壁和外壁形成PVD镀膜，PVD镀膜的厚度为0.012mm，PVD镀膜选用的膜层材料为TiN中的一种；再通过离子束在PVD镀膜上进行等离子体蚀刻，先在PVD镀膜的表面一次蚀刻1.2h，形成微米凸起，然后在微米凸起上二次蚀刻0.7h，形成纳米凸起。
实施例4：为本发明公开的一种金属波纹管表面处理方法，与实施例1的不同之处在于，在预热过程中，将工件安装于密闭的蒸汽箱，然后向蒸汽箱内通入乙醇蒸汽，先控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为175℃，加热0.9h，再在0.5h将乙醇蒸汽匀速升温至185℃，然后控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为215℃，加热0.7h，得到预热工件。
在酸洗过程中，将预热工件浸泡于酸溶液中，浸泡4h，浸泡过程中不断改变预热工件的伸长率，伸长率的变化范围为±5％，且变化速率为每8s改变1％的长度，然后水洗，得到酸洗工件。
在涂覆过程中，将防腐蚀涂料通过喷涂机沿着酸洗工件内壁和外壁进行喷涂，以使酸洗工件表面形成3mm的涂覆层，烘干，得到涂覆工件。防腐蚀涂料由包含以下重量百分比的原料组成，环氧树脂55%，苯烯酸树脂10%，二苯醚树脂6%，纳米级二氧化钛4%，甲基异丁基酮0.8%，八钛酸钾晶须0.8%，云母粉1.5%，季铵盐-90-膨润土0.8%，鲸蜡基聚乙醇/聚丙二醇-10/1聚二甲基硅氧烷0.8%，余量为水。
在镀膜处理和蚀刻处理的步骤中，通过真空溅射镀膜的方式在酸洗工件的内壁和外壁形成PVD镀膜，PVD镀膜的厚度为0.012mm，PVD镀膜选用的膜层材料为Ni；再通过大气等离子体在PVD镀膜上进行等离子体蚀刻，先在PVD镀膜的表面一次蚀刻1.1.0h，形成微米凸起，然后在微米凸起上二次蚀刻0.9h，形成纳米凸起。
实施例5：为本发明公开的一种金属波纹管表面处理方法，与实施例1的不同之处在于，在预热过程中，将工件安装于密闭的蒸汽箱，然后向蒸汽箱内通入乙醇蒸汽，先控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为180℃，加热1.0h，再在0.5h将乙醇蒸汽匀速升温至185℃，然后控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为225℃，加热1.0h，得到预热工件。
在酸洗过程中，将预热工件浸泡于酸溶液中，浸泡3h，浸泡过程中不断改变预热工件的伸长率，伸长率的变化范围为±5％，且变化速率为每8s改变1％的长度，然后水洗，得到酸洗工件。
在涂覆过程中，将防腐蚀涂料通过喷涂机沿着酸洗工件内壁和外壁进行喷涂，以使酸洗工件表面形成2mm的涂覆层，烘干，得到涂覆工件。防腐蚀涂料由包含以下重量百分比的原料组成，环氧树脂55%，苯烯酸树脂10%，二苯醚树脂6%，纳米级二氧化钛4%，甲基异丁基酮0.6%，八钛酸钾晶须1.0%，云母粉1.8%，季铵盐-90-膨润土0.6%，鲸蜡基聚乙醇/聚丙二醇-10/1聚二甲基硅氧烷1.5%，余量为水。
在镀膜处理和蚀刻处理的步骤中，通过真空溅射镀膜的方式在酸洗工件的内壁和外壁形成PVD镀膜，PVD镀膜的厚度为0.015mm，PVD镀膜选用的膜层材料为NiO；再通过离子束在PVD镀膜上进行等离子体蚀刻，先在PVD镀膜的表面一次蚀刻1.0h，形成微米凸起，然后在微米凸起上二次蚀刻0.5h，形成纳米凸起。
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (2)
1.一种金属波纹管表面处理方法，其特征在于：包括使用乙醇蒸汽加热工件的预热过程，得到预热工件；用酸溶液处理所述预热工件的酸洗过程，得到酸洗工件；用防腐蚀涂料喷涂在所述酸洗工件的内壁和外壁的涂覆过程，得到涂覆工件；以及对所述涂覆工件的内壁和外壁进行镀膜处理和蚀刻处理的步骤；
所述预热过程包括，将工件安装于密闭的蒸汽箱，然后向所述蒸汽箱内通入乙醇蒸汽，加热1.5-2.5h，得到预热工件；
所述预热处理过程中，先控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为160-180℃，加热0.5-1.0h，再在0.5h将乙醇蒸汽匀速升温至185℃，然后控制乙醇蒸汽的温度为185-225℃，加热0.5-1.0h；
所述酸洗过程包括，将所述预热工件浸泡于酸溶液中，浸泡1-4h，浸泡过程中不断改变预热工件的伸长率，伸长率的变化范围为±5％，且变化速率为每8s改变1％的长度，然后水洗，得到酸洗工件；
所述酸溶液由以下重量百分比的原料组成，盐酸20%，硝酸15%，聚乙二醇0.17%，过氧化物0.50%，再生剂0.18%，络合剂1.00%，咪唑啉类缓蚀剂0.10%，助溶剂0.75%，表面活性剂0.50%，烷基糖苷0.75%，水溶性防锈剂1.00%，余量为水；
所述涂覆过程包括，将防腐蚀涂料通过喷涂机沿着所述酸洗工件内壁和外壁进行喷涂，以使所述酸洗工件表面形成1-3mm的涂覆层，烘干，得到涂覆工件；
所述防腐蚀涂料由包含以下重量百分比的原料组成，环氧树脂50-55%，苯烯酸树脂10-15%，二苯醚树脂5-8%，纳米级二氧化钛2-4%，甲基异丁基酮0.6-1.2%，八钛酸钾晶须0.5-1.0%，云母粉1.5-2.0%，季铵盐-90-膨润土0.6-1.2%，鲸蜡基聚乙醇/聚丙二醇-10/1聚二甲基硅氧烷0.8-1.8%，余量为水；
所述镀膜处理和蚀刻处理的步骤中，先在所述涂覆工件的内壁和外壁形成PVD镀膜，PVD镀膜的厚度为0.010-0.015mm，再在PVD镀膜上进行蚀刻处理；
所述蚀刻处理包括，通过离子束或大气等离子体在PVD镀膜上进行等离子体蚀刻，先在PVD镀膜的表面一次蚀刻1.0-1.5h，形成微米凸起，然后在微米凸起上二次蚀刻0.5-1.0h，形成纳米凸起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种金属波纹管表面处理方法，其特征在于：所述镀膜处理包括，通过真空溅射镀膜的方式在所述酸洗工件的内壁和外壁形成PVD镀膜，PVD镀膜选用的膜层材料为Ti、TiO、TiN、Ni、NiO中的一种。
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