CN113768146A - 一种功能化纳米硒富氢水及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种功能化纳米硒富氢水及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113768146A CN113768146A CN202110860724.3A CN202110860724A CN113768146A CN 113768146 A CN113768146 A CN 113768146A CN 202110860724 A CN202110860724 A CN 202110860724A CN 113768146 A CN113768146 A CN 113768146A
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- hydrogen
- selenium
- polysaccharide
- rich water
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种功能化纳米硒富氢水及其制备方法与应用,属于营养和食品领域。本发明在富氢水中加入糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒,通过纳米颗粒的表面效应吸附溶解氢,减少溶解氢溢出,达到稳定富氢水的效果。本发明方法,可以大幅提高溶解氢的稳定性,减少从制备、饮用到吸收的过程中溶解氢的溢出,使得人体可吸收、利用的溶解氢含量提高;此外,还能够通过糖类物质功能化修饰,作用于细胞CD206受体,促进细胞胞饮作用,显著提高人体吸收、利用氢分子。同时还可解决微量营养元素硒的摄入不足问题,预期能够显著提高富氢水产业的营养保健价值和市场价值,具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于营养和食品领域,具体涉及一种功能化纳米硒富氢水及其制备 方法与应用。
背景技术
氢是构成生命分子的主要元素,生物体内糖、脂、氨基酸和核酸的代谢都 离不开氢。代谢产生的还原型辅酶I(NADH)又称为生物氢,其携带的氢质子 进入线粒体的电子传递呼吸链,是产生和输出能量分子ATP的主要方式,然而, 气态氢分子(H2)对生物体的作用却长期缺乏科学认识。直到1975年,Dole等 用高压氢气舱发现氢气可消退小鼠鳞状细胞癌,氢气对疾病的治疗作用逐渐被 证实。到2007年,日本科学家大泽郁朗和太田成男在《自然医学》上发表的研 究成果证明溶解状态的氢气能够清除细胞代谢产生的有害自由基。当前,氢分 子的生物医药研究受到普遍关注。
通过饮水补充氢分子是最简便和易于接受的方式。近年来,“富氢水” (hydrogen-rich water)因具有良好的抗氧化作用和预防慢病效果而显示出较好的 产业化前景。
氢气在水中的溶解度低。常温(25℃)常压(101kPa)条件下,按照摩尔 浓度计算,水中溶解的饱和氢气浓度约为0.92mmoI/L。而且溶解状态的氢气极 不稳定,容易逸出,难以达到有效的医疗保健效果。如何提升并保持饮水中饱 和氢气的浓度及稳定性,是实现氢气饮水医疗保健应用的关键技术问题。
纳米气液混合技术采用物理方法让水均匀包裹氢分子,促使氢气和水达成 稳定结合,有效提升了饮水中的氢气浓度,利用该技术生产的富氢饮水已经在 社会中有所推广应用。但由于其中氢气纳米泡仍然发生快速聚集融合,稳定性 不高,最好是现制现饮,无法长时间贮存和运输,限制了富氢水的推广使用。 而且,即使饮用富氢水,细胞水平中能够利用到的气泡氢少之又少。要解决这 个问题,就需要寻找一种不影响富氢水性质、可以稳定水中氢分子、对人体无 毒的材料,且最好该材料具有与氢气共同的抗氧化作用。
硒元素(Se)是人体必需的微量元素,具有抗氧化、调节免疫和调控代谢 等保健功能。膳食来源的硒形态包括有机硒如硒代氨基酸及其衍生物、甲基化 硒和硒多糖等,无机硒主要是硒酸盐,其中亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)是最常用的补 硒添加剂。研究发现,纳米硒作为一种新型的硒形态,与其它形态的硒相比具 有毒性低、生物利用度高和纳米生物效应突出等优点,是优质补硒来源。近年 来,通过对纳米硒进行功能化设计,实现其对功能分子的富集和靶向递送,在 生物医药和营养保健方面显示出广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足,提供一种功能化纳米 硒富氢水。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述功能化纳米硒富氢水的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述功能化纳米硒富氢水的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种功能化纳米硒富氢水,是将糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒添加到富氢水 中得到。
进一步地,所述糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒中,糖类物质包括药学上允许 的单糖、寡糖、多糖中的一种或多种。
所述单糖包括D-甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、果糖、N-乙酰半乳糖胺、岩藻 糖、核糖和脱氧核糖。
所述寡糖又称低聚糖,包括甘露寡糖和低聚甘露糖、麦芽寡糖和低聚麦芽 糖、低聚异麦芽糖、果寡糖和低聚果糖、木寡糖和低聚木糖、壳寡糖和低聚壳 聚糖、纤维寡糖和低聚纤维素、大豆寡糖和低聚糖、海藻寡糖和低聚糖、环状 糊精。
所述多糖包括葡聚糖、甘露聚糖、葡甘露聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖、壳聚糖、 真菌多糖、海藻多糖、植物多糖中的一种或多种。
所述真菌多糖包括茯苓多糖、香菇多糖、银耳多糖、猴头菌多糖、黑木耳 多糖、冬虫夏草多糖、灵芝多糖和酵母甘露聚糖。
所述植物多糖包括茶多糖、芦荟多糖、桑叶多糖、龙眼多糖、魔芋多糖、 山药多糖、麦冬多糖、花粉多糖、玉米须多糖、枣多糖、无花果多糖、果胶和 桃胶。
进一步地,所述糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒采用维生素C还原法制备得到; 更进一步通过如下方法制备得到:向含有5~20mg/mL(优选为10mg/mL)的 糖类物质的水溶液中加入亚硒酸钠,至亚硒酸钠的终浓度为10~30mmol/L(优 选为20mg/mL),混合均匀;然后滴加维生素C溶液,至维生素C的终浓度为 2~6mmol/L(优选为4mg/mL),边滴加边混合均匀,定容后反应至产物中所出 现的红色不再加深,得到糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒溶胶;溶胶经透析即获得 糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒。通过该方法所得糖类物质功能化纳米硒中,纳米 硒表面修饰的糖类物质稳定在40±5μg/L水平。
进一步地,所述糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒的用量按硒浓度在100~250 μg/L范围内计;更进一步按150~250μg/L范围内计;最优选按200±20μg/L计。
进一步地,所述富氢水是氢气含量为1000~3000ppb(mmol/L)的富氢水; 更进一步是氢气含量为2000~3000ppb的富氢水;最优选为氢气含量为2500ppb 的富氢水。
上述功能化纳米硒富氢水的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)采用纳米气泡技术制备富氢水;
(2)向所得富氢水中加入糖类物质修饰功能化纳米硒,即获得所述的功能 化纳米硒富氢水。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)通过气泡氢生成器实现。所述的气泡氢生成器由 上海纳诺巴伯纳米科技有限公司(Nanobuble公司)购得的便携式多功能氢分子 生成器(产品编号:NB-B81A)。
上述功能化纳米硒富氢水在饮用水、化妆水及食品、饮料的调配水方面的 应用。
上述功能化纳米硒富氢水在制备抗氧化药物中的应用。
所述的抗氧化药物能够清除硝基自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子,以及抑 制细胞中活性氧(ROS)产生。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下的创新性、优点及效果:
(1)本发明的创新点在于发明了一种简便的纳米硒富氢水方法,直接在富 氢水中加入糖类物质功能化纳米硒,通过功能化纳米硒颗粒的表面效应吸附稳 定溶解氢气泡,减少溶解氢溢出,阻止纳米氢气泡聚集融合,达到稳定富氢水 的效果,可以解决富氢水中氢气溢出过快导致的抗氧化损伤效果不佳的问题。
该富氢水具备以下特征:
[1]密封4℃贮存1个月,水中氢气分子含量稳定在2000±200ppb(1.0±0.2 mmol/L)以上;
[2]在1个月贮存期内,纳米硒不聚集,分散良好,纳米硒颗粒平均直径维 持在100±20nm范围;
[3]在1个月贮存期内,硒浓度稳定在175±16μg/L,其表面修饰的D-甘露糖 稳定在35±3.8μg/L水平。
[4]在1个月贮存期内,每天振荡实验模拟运输(振荡频率100次/min,时 间1小时)不影响水上述[1-3]的特性。
[5]具有良好的清除有害自由基、抑制细胞ROS生成及抗氧化保护作用。
(2)纳米硒与氢气一样可以参与生物体中的ROS水平的调节,并可以直 接为细胞吸收,起到抗氧化、抗癌症、抗老化、修复生物体损伤等作用。所以 本发明制备的纳米硒富氢水除可以大幅提高溶解氢的稳定性,减少从制备、贮 存、运输到饮用过程中溶解氢溢出的优点之外,还能够通过功能化修饰,作用 于细胞CD206受体,促进细胞胞饮作用,显著提高人体吸收、利用氢分子。在 以纳米硒富氢水处理氧化损伤细胞过程中,发现纳米硒协同富氢水发挥清除活 性氧的能力,并能提高细胞活力,显示出较好的抗氧化和抗炎症反应。
(3)发明的这一新型饮水,同时可解决微量营养元素硒的摄入不足问题。 每饮用1L这种饮水,相当于增加摄入硒元素175μg,预期能够显著提高富氢水 产业的营养保健价值和市场价值,增加利润。
(4)综上所述,本发明专利通过制备功能化纳米硒,加入富氢水中,不仅 可以为人体补充硒元素,还能够起到富集水中氢分子、稳定富氢水的作用。筛 选到甘露聚糖功能化纳米硒对富氢水中的氢分子能起到更好的稳定作用。该发 明专利转化成辅助富氢水抗氧化功能的食品添加剂或保健品制剂,将产生较大 规模的社会经济效益。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中维生素C还原法制备的功能化纳米硒的表征图;其中, 图A是D-甘露糖对纳米硒的功能化修饰作用;图B是SeNP与DM@SeNP粒径 比较;图C是SeNP与DM@SeNP的电镜观察;图D是DM@SeNP中负载的D-甘露糖的水平。
图2是实施例2中富氢水的制取装置图;其中,图A是Nanobuble公司产 品,编号:NB-B81A,用于测试纳米硒对富氢水中氢气分子稳定性的实验装置; 图B是主要由磁力搅拌器、氢测试笔(KEDODEL型号CT-8023)和富氢水容器 (500mL烧杯)组成。
图3是实施例2中富氢水中溶解氢分子的逸出效果比较图;其中,图A是 分别添加50、100、200、400μg/mL无修饰纳米硒(SeNP)对富氢水中溶解氢 分子的逸出效果比较;图B是进一步比较200μg/mL的D-甘露糖(DM)、甘露 寡糖(MO)、酵母甘露聚糖(YM)和茯苓多糖(PYN)修饰纳米硒(@SeNP) 对富氢水中溶解氢分子的逸出效果比较。
图4是实施例2中纳米硒富氢饮水贮存过程中氢分子含量变化图;其中, 图A是密封条件下4℃贮存1个月,纳米硒富氢饮水贮存过程中氢分子含量变 化;图B是每天振荡(振荡频率100次/min,1h)对氢分子含量变化的影响。
图5是实施例2中纳米硒富氢饮水密封条件下4℃贮存1个月的过程中 DM@SeNP粒径、硒含量及富载DM水平的变化图;其中,图A是DM@SeNP 粒径变化;图B是硒含量变化;图C是富载DM水平变化。
图6是实施例3中纳米硒富氢饮水在体外对自由基的清除作用结果图。
图7是实施例3中纳米硒富氢饮水对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞活力的 影响及ROS生成的抑制作用图;其中,图A是细胞活力的影响;图B是ROS 生成的抑制作用。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施方式和附图对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域 技术人员将会理解,下列实施方式和实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限 制本发明的范围。未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。 所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1维生素C(VitC)还原法制备纳米硒及其表征
(1)制备方法如下:常温常压下,分别向不含或含有D-甘露糖(DM)、甘 露寡糖(MO)、酵母甘露聚糖(YM)和茯苓多糖(PYN)(10mg/mL)的MilliQ 超纯水溶液中加入亚硒酸钠,亚硒酸钠的终浓度为20mmol/L,混合均匀,然后 滴加还原性维生素C溶液,维生素C的终浓度为4mmol/L,边滴加边混匀,定 容后待产物中所出现的红色不再加深,即可得到空载(SeNP)和不同功能化纳 米硒(DM@SeNP、MO@SeNP、YM@SeNP、PYN@SeNP)溶胶。溶胶经过24 h透析后(截留分子量8000kDa),通过ICP-MS检测透析外液体中无硒,即可 进行后续的实验。
(2)用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察功能化纳米硒形貌,TEM-EDX联用 分析元素组成,纳米粒度仪测定纳米尺寸。结果表明,本发明制备出形貌规则、 分散均匀、粒径适中(82±20nm)的功能化纳米硒(图1A-图1C,以DM@SeNP 为例)。采用硫酸蒽酮法测定纳米硒富载的功能化糖基含量,结果表明功能化纳 米硒中Se与DM的质量比为5:1,即硒含量为200μg/L的DM@SeNP富载的 D-甘露糖稳定在40μg/L水平(图1D)。
实施例2纳米硒对富氢水中溶解氢分子的稳定作用
(3)利用上海纳诺巴伯纳米科技有限公司(Nanobuble公司)购得的便携 式多功能氢分子生成器(产品编号:NB-B81A),多次制备得到溶解氢浓度达 2500ppb的富氢水(图2A)。
(4)向(3)中制备的每份300mL富氢水中,分别加入(1)中制备的空 载纳米硒(SeNP)和几种不同功能化纳米硒(DM@SeNP、MO@SeNP、YM@SeNP、 PYN@SeNP),至富氢水中硒浓度为200μg/L。
(5)利用漩涡模型试验装置(图2B)对(3)制备的D-甘露糖功能化纳米 硒富氢水进行氢分子含量稳定性进行实时检测,结果表明在漩涡一小时期间, 不加纳米硒的富氢水对照中溶解氢含量降至初始浓度的45%,而添加了SeNP 的富氢水中溶解氢的含量可达69.6%,表明纳米硒对饮水中氢分子具有明显的稳 定作用(图3A)。特别是添加了功能化纳米硒DM@SeNP的富氢水漩涡一小时 后,其中溶解氢的含量仍可高达78.6%,比对照富氢水的溶解氢含量提高33.6%, 比SeNP富氢水中溶解氢含量提高9%(图3B)。
(6)将(4)中制备的DM@SeNP富氢水密封分装于500mL饮水瓶中, 共24瓶,于4℃贮存,其中12瓶每天进行振荡处理1次(振荡频率100次/min, 1h)。分别于第0、7、15、30天各取3瓶,检测纳米硒富氢饮水在贮存过程中 氢分子含量的变化。结果表明,密封静置贮存30天及每天振荡处理,纳米硒富 氢饮水中溶解氢含量减少均在10%以内(图4)。
(7)将(6)中处理的纳米硒富氢饮水进行DM@SeNP粒径、硒含量和DM 水平进行检测和分析。结果表明,贮存第30天纳米硒颗粒平均直径维持在100±20 nm范围(图5A),硒浓度稳定在175±16μg/L(图5B),其表面修饰的D-甘露 糖稳定在35±3.8μg/L水平(图5C)。提示制取的功能化纳米硒富氢水在一定贮 存时间内具有较稳定的硒与D-甘露糖双功能化纳米特性。
实施例3纳米硒富氢水的抗氧化保护作用
(8)将(4)中制取的纳米硒富氢饮水,用于体外自由基清除实验。采用 亚硝酸盐清除实验,分别各取亚硝酸钠质量浓度为10.0μg/mL的溶液1.0mL于 4支洁净玻璃试管中,分别加入等体积MilliQ水、含DM@SeNP水(Se,200μg/L)、 H2水(H2,1.0±0.2mmol/L)、H2+DM@SeNP水和VitC水(VitC,5.0μg/mL), 反应10min后,各管再分别依次加入1.0mL的0.4%对氨基苯磺酸(溶于10% 盐酸)和1.0mL的0.2%盐酸萘乙二胺(溶于MilliQ水),静置15min后在波 长540nm处分别测定其吸光度(OD540),重复三次计算平均值,以加MilliQ 水的反应管OD540值为100%,计算其它各反应管的相对亚硝酸盐清除率。超 氧阴离子清除作用采用焦性没食子酸-鲁米诺化学发光体系体系,如前MilliQ水、 含DM@SeNP水、H2水、H2+DM@SeNP水和VitC水每一处理设3个平行管, 通过平均发光值A,计算清除率=[(A0-Ax)/A0]×100。水杨酸法测定羟基自由基 (·OH)清除率,设空白对照A0管、测定Ax管和样品对照Ax0管,各管依次加 入10mM FeSO4(MilliQ水溶液)、10mM水杨酸(乙醇溶液)各0.25mL,再于 A0管中加入MilliQ水3.0mL,于Ax管和Ax0管中各加入待测定水3.0mL,然 后于A0管和Ax管中加入10mMH2O2(MilliQ水溶液)0.25mL,Ax0管中加 MilliQ水0.25mL补齐体积。各管混匀,37℃温育15min,读取OD510吸光度 值,每个样品重复3次,羟基自由基清除率=[A0-(Ax-Ax0)/A0]×100。
结果显示,纳米硒富氢饮水对硝基自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子均有明 显的清除作用(图6),其中对羟自由基的清除作用最为显著,清除率达61.7%。 提示纳米硒富氢饮水对有害自由基的选择性清除效应。
(9)将(4)中制取的纳米硒富氢饮水,用于培养细胞活力及ROS生成抑 制实验。ROS检测方法:RAW264.7细胞接种于荧光检测96孔板中(每孔加 0.5×105细胞悬液100μL)培养12小时,加入用MilliQ水、含DM@SeNP水(Se, 200μg/L)、H2水(H2,1.0±0.2mmol/L)、H2+DM@SeNP水和VitC水调制的培 养基100μL预处理6小时,吸走培养基100μL,加入含有H2O2(100μM)的 DMEM基础培养基100μL处理10min,再加入活性氧自由基(ROS)荧光探针 H2DCFH-DA(10μM)孵育20分钟,吸走培养基,加入DMEM基础培养基100 μl,立即读取激发光为504nm时的529nm发射光强度,以MilliQ水培养基预处 理为对照(荧光值计为100%),计算其它不同水所调配培养基对ROS生成的抑 制率。
结果显示,纳米硒富氢饮水对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞活力具有明显 增强作用(图7A),并能够明显抑制细胞中ROS的产生(图7B)。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实 施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、 替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种功能化纳米硒富氢水,其特征在于:是将糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒添加到富氢水中得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功能化纳米硒富氢水,其特征在于:
所述糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒中,糖类物质包括药学上允许的单糖、寡糖、多糖中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的功能化纳米硒富氢水,其特征在于:
所述单糖包括D-甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、果糖、N-乙酰半乳糖胺、岩藻糖、核糖和脱氧核糖;
所述寡糖包括甘露寡糖和低聚甘露糖、麦芽寡糖和低聚麦芽糖、低聚异麦芽糖、果寡糖和低聚果糖、木寡糖和低聚木糖、壳寡糖和低聚壳聚糖、纤维寡糖和低聚纤维素、大豆寡糖和低聚糖、海藻寡糖和低聚糖、环状糊精;
所述多糖包括葡聚糖、甘露聚糖、葡甘露聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖、壳聚糖、真菌多糖、海藻多糖、植物多糖中的一种或多种;
所述真菌多糖包括茯苓多糖、香菇多糖、银耳多糖、猴头菌多糖、黑木耳多糖、冬虫夏草多糖、灵芝多糖和酵母甘露聚糖;
所述植物多糖包括茶多糖、芦荟多糖、桑叶多糖、龙眼多糖、魔芋多糖、山药多糖、麦冬多糖、花粉多糖、玉米须多糖、枣多糖、无花果多糖、果胶和桃胶。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的功能化纳米硒富氢水,其特征在于:
所述糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒通过如下方法制备得到:向含有5~20mg/mL的糖类物质的水溶液中加入亚硒酸钠,至亚硒酸钠的终浓度为10~30mmol/L,混合均匀;然后滴加维生素C溶液,至维生素C的终浓度为2~6mmol/L,边滴加边混合均匀,定容后反应至产物中所出现的红色不再加深,得到糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒溶胶;溶胶经透析即获得糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒。
5.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的功能化纳米硒富氢水,其特征在于:
所述糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒的用量按硒浓度在100~250μg/L范围内计;
所述富氢水是氢气含量为1000~3000ppb的富氢水。
6.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的功能化纳米硒富氢水,其特征在于:
所述糖类物质功能化修饰纳米硒的用量按硒浓度为200±20μg/L计;
所述富氢水是氢气含量为2500ppb的富氢水。
7.权利要求1~6任一项所述的功能化纳米硒富氢水的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)采用纳米气泡技术制备富氢水;
(2)向所得富氢水中加入糖类物质修饰功能化纳米硒,即获得所述的功能化纳米硒富氢水。
8.权利要求1~6任一项所述的功能化纳米硒富氢水在饮用水、化妆水及食品、饮料的调配水方面的应用。
9.权利要求1~6任一项所述的功能化纳米硒富氢水在制备抗氧化药物中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于:
所述的抗氧化药物能够清除硝基自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子,以及抑制细胞中活性氧产生。
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