CN113768050A - Cow silage starter and application thereof - Google Patents
Cow silage starter and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113768050A CN113768050A CN202111028917.9A CN202111028917A CN113768050A CN 113768050 A CN113768050 A CN 113768050A CN 202111028917 A CN202111028917 A CN 202111028917A CN 113768050 A CN113768050 A CN 113768050A
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- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000193755 Bacillus cereus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241000193749 Bacillus coagulans Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229940054340 bacillus coagulans Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 45
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 claims description 17
- KLOIYEQEVSIOOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbocromen Chemical compound CC1=C(CCN(CC)CC)C(=O)OC2=CC(OCC(=O)OCC)=CC=C21 KLOIYEQEVSIOOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 101710130006 Beta-glucanase Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 12
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 101710121765 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010001817 Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 2
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](OC2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002498 Beta-glucan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000018522 Gastrointestinal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006353 environmental stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a dairy cow silage starter, and relates to the technical field of animal feeds. The dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of microbial powder, 5-10 parts of an enzyme preparation and 25-30 parts of a composite auxiliary agent; the microbial powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus cereus powder is 1-2: 1-2: 3 to 6. The dairy cow silage starter culture can obviously reduce the content of cellulose in silage, obviously increases the content of nutrient substances such as crude protein, crude fat and the like, has the advantages of little change of color and luster with that before silage, soft texture, good palatability, short fermentation period and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to a dairy cow silage starter and application thereof.
Background
Silage, a coarse fodder obtained by inhibiting the reproduction of various mixed bacteria through the fermentation effect of anaerobic lactobacillus under the condition of closed oxygen deficiency by using plant feed containing much water, is mainly used for feeding ruminants.
However, because of the wide sources of ensiling raw materials, some ensiling raw materials such as corn straws have high lignin and cellulose content, the ensiling fermentation time is long, the nutrition loss is large, and the ensiling process is easy to mildew.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the skilled person is to provide a silage process to improve the quality of silage.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a dairy cow silage starter and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of microbial powder, 5-10 parts of an enzyme preparation and 25-30 parts of a composite auxiliary agent;
the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus cereus powder to the bacillus coagulans powder is 1-2: 3-6.
Has the advantages that: the dairy cow silage starter contains a microbial agent, an enzyme preparation and a compound additive, wherein the microbial agent comprises aerobic bacteria bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus and anaerobic bacteria bacillus coagulans. In the initial fermentation stage, the aerobic bacteria are rapidly rejuvenated and grow and reproduce by using the composite auxiliary agent to become a dominant flora in the fermentation cellar, so that the inhibition effect on mildew bacteria or pathogenic bacteria is achieved, the silage raw materials are degraded to a certain degree, the anaerobic bacteria are gradually activated along with the consumption of oxygen by the aerobic bacteria to replace the aerobic bacteria to become the dominant flora in the cellar, and the lactic acid fermentation and after-ripening are further carried out. The silage starter disclosed by the invention can improve the palatability of silage, promote the gastrointestinal digestion of the cow, reduce the occurrence probability of gastrointestinal diseases, make the silage soft and fragrant, and improve the appetite and food intake of the cow.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of microbial powder, 8 parts of an enzyme preparation and 27 parts of a composite auxiliary agent;
the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus cereus powder to the bacillus coagulans powder is 1: 3.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is more than 108cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus cereus powder is more than 108cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus coagulans powder is more than 108cfu/g。
As a preferable technical scheme, the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase is 1-2: 1-2.
Has the advantages that: the cellulase, the beta-glucanase, the xylanase and the microorganism bacteria have synergistic effect, the degradation rate of fiber substances in the silage is improved, the yield of volatile fatty acid is improved, the components such as beta-glucan generated by degradation can improve the immunity of the dairy cow, and the negative influence of environmental stress on the dairy cow is relieved.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the composite auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 5-7: 8-12: 1-3: 30-40.
Has the advantages that: the compound additive can be used as a carrier of microbial powder and an enzyme preparation on one hand, and provides carbon and nitrogen sources for aerobic microorganisms at the initial stage of fermentation on the other hand, so that a target microbial flora becomes a dominant flora quickly, the aerobic fermentation time is shortened, the anaerobic lactic acid fermentation stage is started as soon as possible, and the nutrient loss of silage is reduced.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the dairy cow silage starter in preparing the dairy cow silage, wherein 0.5-1.5 kg of starter is used for each ton of silage.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the leavening agent is revived in water at 20-30 ℃ for 0.5-1 h before use, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the leavening agent to the water is 1: 15-25.
Has the advantages that: when the fermentation agent is used, warm water is used for reviving the fermentation agent, microorganisms and enzymes in the fermentation agent enter a stress state and can quickly enter a fermentation process, and on the other hand, the fermentation agent is diluted into a solution and can be easily and uniformly mixed with silage.
The invention further aims to provide a preparation method of the silage for the dairy cows, which comprises the following steps:
(1) regulating the water content of the freshly harvested ensiled straws to 68-70%, and crushing the freshly harvested ensiled straws into small sections for later use;
(2) recovering the upper leavening agent in water at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 0.5-1 h, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the leavening agent to the water is 1: 15-25 for later use;
(3) and (3) filling the segment-shaped silage straws obtained in the step (1) into a fermentation cellar pool, spraying the fermentation liquid obtained in the step (2) once every time when silage straws with the thickness of 4-6 cm are filled, finally compacting, sealing by using a film, and fermenting for more than 23 days at the temperature of 20-35 ℃.
According to the technical scheme, the invention discloses and provides a dairy cow silage starter and application thereof. The dairy cow silage starter culture can obviously reduce the content of cellulose in silage, obviously increases the content of nutrient substances such as crude protein, crude fat and the like, has the advantages of little change of color and luster with that before silage, soft texture, good palatability, short fermentation period and low cost.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a dairy cow silage starter, the used raw materials are all available on the market, the sources of the raw materials are not specifically limited, and the related methods, if not specially mentioned, are all conventional methods and are not repeated.
Example 1
A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of microbial powder, 8 parts of an enzyme preparation and 27 parts of a compound auxiliary agent. Wherein the microbial bacteria powderComprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 1: 3 (the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 4.2 multiplied by 10)8cfu/g, viable count of Bacillus cereus powder 2.9 × 109cfu/g, viable count of Bacillus coagulans powder 6.1 × 108cfu/g); the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase to the xylanase is 1: 1; the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 6: 10: 2: 35.
The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter culture.
Example 2
A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of microbial powder, 5 parts of an enzyme preparation and 25 parts of a compound auxiliary agent. Wherein the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 1: 2: 3 (the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 4.2 multiplied by 10)8cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus cereus powder is 5.7 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus coagulans powder is 6.1 multiplied by 108cfu/g); the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase to the xylanase is 1: 2: 1; the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 5: 8: 1: 30.
The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter culture.
Example 3
A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of microbial powder, 10 parts of an enzyme preparation and 30 parts of a composite auxiliary agent. Wherein the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 2: 1: 6 (the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 4.2 multiplied by 10)8cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus cereus powder is 5.7 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus coagulans powder is 1.5 multiplied by 108cfu/g); the enzyme preparation comprises fiberThe mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase to the xylanase is 2: 1: 2; the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 7: 12: 3: 40.
The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter culture.
Comparative example 1
A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of microbial powder, 5 parts of an enzyme preparation and 30 parts of a composite auxiliary agent. Wherein the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 1: 3 (the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 4.2 multiplied by 10)8cfu/g, viable count of Bacillus cereus powder 2.9 × 109cfu/g, viable count of Bacillus coagulans powder 6.1 × 108cfu/g); the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase to the xylanase is 1: 1; the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 6: 10: 2: 35.
The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter of the comparative example.
Comparative example 2
A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of microbial powder, 8 parts of an enzyme preparation and 27 parts of a compound auxiliary agent. Wherein the microbial powder is Bacillus coagulans powder with viable count of 6.1 × 108cfu/g; the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase to the xylanase is 1: 1; the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 6: 10: 2: 35.
The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter of the comparative example.
Comparative example 3
A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of enzyme preparation and 27 parts of compound auxiliary agent. Wherein the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase to the xylanase is 1: 1; the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 6: 10: 2: 35.
The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter of the comparative example.
Comparative example 4
A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of microbial powder and 27 parts of compound auxiliary agent. Wherein the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 1: 3 (the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 4.2 multiplied by 10)8cfu/g, viable count of Bacillus cereus powder 2.9 × 109cfu/g, viable count of Bacillus coagulans powder 6.1 × 108cfu/g); the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 6: 10: 2: 35.
The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter of the comparative example.
Example 4
The cow silage leavening agents obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were applied to silage of corn stalks.
(1) Cutting the corn straws, adjusting the water content of the cut corn straws to 68-70%, and crushing the cut corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm.
(2) And calculating the dosage of the required leavening agent according to the filling quantity of one ton of silage in each fermentation tank, wherein 0.5-1.5 kg of leavening agent is used for each ton of silage. The cow silage leavening agents of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-4 are revived for 40min by warm water with the temperature of 20-30 ℃, and the mass volume ratio of the leavening agent to the water is 1: 20.
(3) And (3) filling the segmented corn straws into a fermentation tank, spraying the leavening agent solution recovered in the step (2) on the surface after every 4-6 cm of corn straws are filled, and then continuously filling. And finally compacting, sealing by using a film, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 25-30 ℃, and finishing the fermentation for 23 days.
Example 5
The fermented silage obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 was subjected to sensory and physicochemical tests and compared with the data before fermentation of the silage, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The results in table 1 show that the dairy cow silage starter culture can obviously reduce the content of cellulose in silage, obviously increase the content of nutrients such as lactic acid, crude protein and crude fat, has the advantages of little change of color and luster with that before silage, soft texture, good palatability, short fermentation period and low cost.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. The dairy cow silage starter is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of microbial powder, 5-10 parts of an enzyme preparation and 25-30 parts of a composite auxiliary agent;
the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus cereus powder to the bacillus coagulans powder is 1-2: 3-6.
2. The dairy cow silage starter culture according to claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of microbial powder, 8 parts of an enzyme preparation and 27 parts of a composite auxiliary agent;
the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus cereus powder to the bacillus coagulans powder is 1: 3.
3. The dairy cow silage starter culture according to claim 1, wherein the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is greater than 108cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus cereus powder is more than 108cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus coagulans powder is more than 108cfu/g。
4. The dairy cow silage starter culture according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase, the beta-glucanase and the xylanase is 1-2: 1-2.
5. The dairy cow silage starter culture according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch in a mass ratio of 5-7: 8-12: 1-3: 30-40.
6. Use of the dairy cow silage starter culture according to any one of claims 1-5 in the preparation of dairy cow silage, wherein 0.5-1.5 kg of the dairy cow silage starter culture is used per ton of silage.
7. The application of claim 6, wherein the dairy cow silage starter culture is revived in water at 20-30 ℃ for 0.5-1 h before use, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the dairy cow silage starter culture to the water is 1: 15-25.
8. The preparation method of the silage for the dairy cows is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) regulating the water content of the freshly harvested ensiled straws to 68-70%, and crushing the freshly harvested ensiled straws into small sections for later use;
(2) reviving the dairy cow silage starter culture of any one of claims 1-5 by the method of claim 7 for use;
(3) and (3) filling the segment-shaped silage straws obtained in the step (1) into a fermentation cellar pool, spraying the fermentation liquid obtained in the step (2) once every time when silage straws with the thickness of 4-6 cm are filled, finally compacting, sealing by using a film, and fermenting for more than 23 days at the temperature of 20-35 ℃.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1425317A (en) * | 2003-01-20 | 2003-06-25 | 丁友昉 | Multiple microorganism straw fermented fodder and leaven and its preparing method |
| CN105341325A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-24 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | Enzyme bacterium composite additive used for fermentation of straw green/yellow silage |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1425317A (en) * | 2003-01-20 | 2003-06-25 | 丁友昉 | Multiple microorganism straw fermented fodder and leaven and its preparing method |
| CN105341325A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-24 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | Enzyme bacterium composite additive used for fermentation of straw green/yellow silage |
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Application publication date: 20211210 |