CN113767844A - Seed production method of cabbage hybrid - Google Patents
Seed production method of cabbage hybrid Download PDFInfo
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- CN113767844A CN113767844A CN202111063645.6A CN202111063645A CN113767844A CN 113767844 A CN113767844 A CN 113767844A CN 202111063645 A CN202111063645 A CN 202111063645A CN 113767844 A CN113767844 A CN 113767844A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seed production method of cabbage hybrid seeds, and belongs to the technical field of hybrid breeding. The method for producing the cabbage hybrid comprises the following steps: the cabbage male parent is sowed in two stages, the cabbage male parent and the cabbage female parent are sowed simultaneously in the first stage, and the cabbage male parent is sowed after being sowed for 10-12 days in the first stage. The flowering phase of the flowering Chinese cabbage male parent and the flowering Chinese cabbage female parent is relatively concentrated, so that the concentrated pollination is facilitated, the quantity of bending burst and development atrophy of fruit pods is effectively reduced, the complete development of Chinese cabbage seeds is effectively promoted, the quality and the germination rate of the Chinese cabbage hybrid seeds are improved, and a foundation is provided for planting and popularization of the Chinese cabbage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cross breeding, in particular to a seed production method of cabbage hybrid seeds.
Background
The cabbage heart is also called a brassica campestris, brassica of cruciferae, is herbaceous for one year or two years, is 30-50 cm high and has no hair; the stem stands upright or rises. The basal leaves are oblong or oval in shape, 6-8 cm in length, 2-3 cm in width, round at the top end, full-edged, wide in the middle and obvious in the lateral veins; the petiole is white or green, 3-4.5 cm long and slightly edged; the lower cauline leaves are similar to basal leaves, are wide in oval shape, have no edge on leaf stems and do not embrace stems; other cauline leaves are ovoid, lanceolate or elongate round, with the exception of the top leaf, having a petiole without holding the stem, and are otherwise similar to vegetables. Tender and tender for stir-frying. Every 100 g of fresh vegetables contain 94-95 g of water, 0.72-1.08 g of carbohydrate, 0.21-0.33 g of total nitrogen compound and 34-39 mg of vitamin C.
The cabbage heart applied to the current production is basically a conventional seed, and cannot meet the production requirement due to continuous cropping, climate change, variety mixing, poor disease resistance and stress resistance, so that researches find that the hybrid cabbage heart can overcome the defects and remarkably improve the yield and quality of the cabbage heart, but the seed production yield of the hybrid cabbage heart is low due to the problems that a female parent sterile line has a long flowering phase, a fruit pod bends and bursts or the fruit pod develops and shrinks, and the complete seed cannot be developed after pollination and the like in the seed production process of the hybrid cabbage heart, so that the hybrid cabbage heart cannot be well applied. How to improve the yield of the hybrid seed production of the flowering cabbages and enable the flowering cabbages to be better applied and further improve the economic income becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seed production method of a cabbage hybrid seed, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and the flowering phases of a cabbage female parent and a cabbage male parent are relatively concentrated by adjusting the planting periods of the cabbage female parent and the cabbage male parent and the management method during the planting period, so that the quantity of bending burst and development atrophy of fruit pods is effectively reduced, the complete development of the cabbage seed is effectively promoted, the quality and the germination rate of the cabbage hybrid seed are further improved, and a foundation is provided for the planting popularization of the cabbage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the cabbage male parent is sowed in two stages, the cabbage male parent and the cabbage female parent are sowed simultaneously in the first stage, and the cabbage male parent is sowed after being sowed for 10-12 days in the first stage.
Further, spraying 1-2 times of mixed leaf fertilizer in the flowering period of the flowering Chinese flowering cabbage female parent 1/3; performing insect pollination at the flowering period of the flowering female cabbage 1/3; spraying a diluted solution of 4% gibberellin emulsifiable solution in the bolting period of the male parents of the flowering cabbage.
Further, the cabbage female parent is a complete and thorough sterile line; the sterility of the flowering cabbage female parent is not influenced by temperature; the mixed foliar fertilizer comprises boron fertilizer and silver nitrate; the mass fraction of the boron fertilizer in the mixed foliar fertilizer is 0.5-1%, and the mass fraction of the silver nitrate is 0.05-0.5%; the dilution multiple of the 4 percent gibberellin emulsifiable solution is 4000 times.
Further, the arboreal pollination is bee pollination; the bee pollination specifically comprises: the bees are released at the flowering period of the flowering female cabbage 1/3, and 1000-2000 bees are used per mu.
Further, the honeybees pollinated by the honeybees are fed with the mixture of the flowering cabbage pollen and the sugar water for 3-10 days before the flowering period of the flowering cabbage female parent 1/3; the mass ratio of the flowering cabbage pollen to the sugar water in the mixture is 1: 100-1: 200.
Further, the first stage of the cabbage female parent, the first stage of the cabbage male parent and the second stage of the cabbage male parent are sowed according to the row ratio of 2-4: 1-2.
Further, the method also comprises the steps of selection of planting land, fertilization and flowering phase regulation.
Further, the selection of the planting field specifically comprises: selecting loam or sandy loam plots which have dry topography, cool ventilation and easy drainage and irrigation as planting fields.
Further, the preceding crop planted in the planting field is not a cruciferous crop.
Further, the fertilizing step specifically comprises:
(1) applying organic fertilizer before the first stage of seeding of the cabbage heart female parent and the cabbage heart male parent and the second stage of seeding of the cabbage heart male parent; the organic fertilizer is decomposed animal fertilizer;
(2) topdressing a controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer 10-15 days before flowering of the flowering female cabbage parent and the flowering male cabbage parent, wherein the dosage is 10 kg/mu;
(3) spraying gibberellin solution in the middle flowering period of the flowering male parent of the flowering cabbage; the gibberellin solution is a diluted solution of 4% gibberellin emulsifiable solution; the dilution factor is 4000 times.
Further, the method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase specifically comprises the following steps: punching the leaves of the flowering cabbage male parent 8-10 days before the flowering cabbage male parent in the first period, and punching 1-5 holes with the diameter of 1mm on each leaf.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
(1) according to the invention, the flowering cabbage male parent is planted in different periods, so that the flowering cabbage male parent can continuously provide pollen for the flowering cabbage female parent, insect-borne pollination is adopted in the flowering period of the female parent, the pollination success rate of the flowering cabbage female parent is improved, and the problem of low seed production quality caused by low pollination rate of the flowering cabbage female parent is solved.
(2) According to the invention, the organic fertilizer is applied before the planting of the flowering cabbage heart, the fertility of the soil is effectively improved, the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied before the flowering cabbage heart female parent, the flowering cabbage male parent in the first period and the flowering cabbage male parent in the second period respectively, the release rate and the release time of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer can be consistent with the nutrient absorption rule of crops, sufficient nutrition is provided for the growth of the flowering cabbage heart, the quality of flowering cabbage and the pollen yield of the male parent are improved, and the flowering period of the female parent can be centralized and consistent; spraying boric fertilizer and silver nitrate at the initial flowering stage of the flowering cabbage female parent can promote the flowering of the female parent, and spraying gibberellin at the first stage of the flowering cabbage male parent and the second stage of bolting of the flowering cabbage male parent can improve the amount of pollen produced by the flowering cabbage male parent; the multiple means are combined, so that the flowering phases of the flowering female parents of the flowering cabbage are centralized, and the pollination rate of the flowering female parents of the flowering cabbage is improved.
(3) The leaf punching treatment of the flowering cabbage male parent can lead the flowering cabbage male parent to bloom in advance, can prolong the flowering time of the flowering cabbage male parent, and can make sufficient preparation for pollination of the flowering cabbage female parent when the flowering cabbage male parent blooms in the first period before the flowering cabbage female parent blooms and the flowering season of the first period of the flowering cabbage male parent can last until the flowering cabbage male parent blooms a large amount in the second period.
(4) The bee pollen is fed before pollination, so that the directional honey collection of the bee can be promoted, and the pollination rate of the female parents is improved.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Selecting land: the previous crop is not a cruciferae crop, and a loam or sandy loam plot which is dry in terrain, cool in ventilation and easy to drain and irrigate is selected as a planting field.
The plot was divided into 5 areas of 1 mu each with 20m spacing between areas and the test was conducted.
Example 1
A seed production method of cabbage hybrid seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: deeply ploughing and turning the land, turning and sunning for more than half a month, broadcasting 1000 kg/mu of animal organic fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and soil and raking.
Preparing an animal organic fertilizer: in summer, the livestock excrement, the wheat straw and the water are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 5:1:2 and then stacked, the height and the width of each pile are about 2m, fine soil with the thickness of 4-6 cm is covered outside the piles, a plurality of air holes are formed in the piles, the piles are turned over after being rotted for 25 days, the outer layers are turned over to the inner layers, the inner layers are turned over to the outer layers, and the piles are continuously covered for 20 days to obtain the animal organic fertilizer.
(2) Sowing: the method comprises the steps of sowing a cabbage male parent in two stages, sowing the cabbage male parent and the cabbage female parent (a complete and thorough sterile line cabbage female parent) at the same time in a first stage, sowing the cabbage male parent in a second stage 10 days later than the sowing in the first stage of the cabbage male parent, firstly sowing 4 rows of the cabbage female parents and 1 row of the cabbage male parent in the first stage, reserving one row of planting rows of the cabbage male parent in the second stage, and planting the cabbage male parent in the second stage 10 days later, wherein the row spacing is 25cm, and the plant spacing is 5 cm.
(3) The controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is respectively applied to the flowering cabbage female parent and the flowering cabbage male parent about 12 days before flowering, and the dosage is 10 kg/mu.
(4) Punching the leaves of the flowering cabbage male parent about 9 days before the flowering cabbage male parent in the first period, wherein 2 holes with the diameter of 1mm are punched in each leaf.
(5) Spraying 1 time of mixed foliar fertilizer (the mass fraction of boron fertilizer in the mixed foliar fertilizer is 1 per mill, and the mass fraction of silver nitrate in the mixed foliar fertilizer is 0.1 per mill) at the initial flowering phase of the flowering Chinese cabbage female parent; and spraying 4000 times diluted solution of 4% gibberellin emulsifiable solution in the bolting period of the male parents of the flowering cabbage.
(6) And spraying gibberellin again in the middle flowering period of the flowering male parent of the flowering cabbage heart, and spraying 4000-time diluted solution of 4% gibberellin emulsifiable solution.
(7) Feeding bee with mixture of flowering cabbage pollen and white sugar water for 5d before flowering period of female cabbage 1/3, and feeding for 1 time per day; the preparation method of the mixture specifically comprises the step of uniformly mixing the flowering cabbage pollen and the white sugar water and feeding the mixture to bees, wherein the mass ratio of the flowering cabbage pollen to the white sugar water is 1: 100.
(8) Releasing the bees at the flowering stage of the flowering female cabbage 1/3, releasing 1500 bees per mu, pollinating the bees, and harvesting the cabbage hybrid after the seeds are mature.
Example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the step (1) is to deeply plough and turn over the land, to be turned over and sunned for more than half a month, to broadcast 1000 kg/mu of animal organic fertilizer and 100 kg/mu of microbial fertilizer, and to uniformly mix and rake the organic fertilizer, the microbial fertilizer and the soil.
Preparing a microbial fertilizer: adding 0.4kg of bacillus subtilis, 0.3kg of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.2kg of saccharomycete, 0.1kg of lactobacillus acidophilus and 100kg of water into 1000kg of the food waste, mixing uniformly, and fermenting at the high temperature of 80-90 ℃ for 24h to obtain the product.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the row ratio of the first period of the cabbage female parent, the first period of the cabbage male parent and the second period of the cabbage male parent in step (2) is 6:1: 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that no controlled release nitrogen fertilizer was applied in step (3) 12d before flowering of the female parent.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the first period of planting of the male parent of flowering cabbage in step (1) is earlier than the time of planting of the female parent of flowering cabbage by 5d, and the operation of step (4) is not performed.
Effect example 1
The planting methods of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-3 were used to count the flowering time of the female parent of the flowering cabbage, the development of the pod atrophy, and the number of pod bending and bursting, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Effect example 2
The quality and quality of the harvested flowering cabbage hybrids are counted by adopting the planting methods of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-3, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 quality and quality of flowering cabbage hybrid seeds
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the problems of long flowering phase, pod development atrophy and pod bending and bursting of the female parent of the flowering cabbage can be effectively solved by applying the microbial fertilizer, and meanwhile, the quality and quality of hybrid seed production can be effectively improved.
As can be seen from the example 1 and the comparative example 3 in the tables 1 and 2, the seed production method of the example 1 has better seed production effect, comparative example 3 the purpose of increasing the pollination rate of the flowering cabbage female parent cannot be achieved by planting the flowering cabbage male parent in advance in the first stage, the flowering cabbage male parent is planted in advance to lead the flowering cabbage male parent to be in advance, but the total flowering phase of the flowering cabbage male parent is not changed, so that the flowering phase of the second phase of the flowering cabbage male parent cannot be connected with the flowering phase of the first phase of the flowering cabbage male parent, pollen cannot be continuously provided for the flowering cabbage female parent, in the embodiment 1, the method of punching the first-stage leaves of the flowering cabbage male parent is adopted, so that the flowering cabbage male parent can be advanced, the flowering time of the flowering cabbage male parent can be prolonged, the flowering of the flowering cabbage male parent is already carried out in the first period before the flowering cabbage female parent, and sufficient preparation is made for pollination of the flowering cabbage female parent when the flowering cabbage male parent in the first period can continue to bloom a large number of flowers in the second period.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The seed production method of the cabbage hybrid is characterized in that a cabbage male parent is sowed in two stages, the cabbage male parent and the cabbage female parent are sowed simultaneously in the first stage, and the cabbage male parent is sowed for 10-12 days in the second stage after being sowed in the first stage.
2. The seed production method of the flowering cabbage hybrid as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of spraying 1-2 times of mixed foliar fertilizer in the flowering period of the flowering cabbage female parent 1/3; performing insect pollination at the flowering period of the flowering female cabbage 1/3; spraying a diluted solution of 4% gibberellin emulsifiable solution in the bolting period of the male parents of the flowering cabbage.
3. The method for producing seeds of cabbage hybrid as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cabbage female parent is a complete and thorough sterile line; the sterility of the flowering cabbage female parent is not influenced by temperature; the mixed foliar fertilizer comprises boron fertilizer and silver nitrate; the mass fraction of the boron fertilizer in the mixed foliar fertilizer is 0.5-1%, and the mass fraction of the silver nitrate is 0.05-0.5%; the dilution multiple of the 4 percent gibberellin emulsifiable solution is 4000 times.
4. The method for producing seeds of cabbage hybrids as claimed in claim 2, wherein the insect pollination is bee pollination; the bee pollination specifically comprises: the bees are released at the flowering period of the flowering female cabbage 1/3, and 1000-2000 bees are used per mu.
5. The method for producing seeds of a cabbage hybrid according to claim 4, wherein the bee pollinated by the bee is fed with a mixture of cabbage pollen and sugar water for 3-10 days before the flowering period of the cabbage female parent 1/3; the mass ratio of the flowering cabbage pollen to the sugar water in the mixture is 1: 100-1: 200.
6. The method for producing seeds of cabbage hybrid seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first stage of the cabbage female parent, the first stage of the cabbage male parent and the second stage of the cabbage male parent are sown in a row ratio of 2-4: 1-2.
7. The method for producing hybrid cabbage seeds as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of selection of planting field, fertilization, and flowering period control.
8. The method for producing hybrid cabbage seeds as claimed in claim 7, wherein the selection of the planting field specifically comprises: selecting loam or sandy loam plots which have dry topography, cool ventilation and easy drainage and irrigation as planting fields.
9. The method for producing hybrid cabbage seeds as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fertilizing step specifically comprises:
(1) applying organic fertilizer before the first stage of seeding of the cabbage heart female parent and the cabbage heart male parent and the second stage of seeding of the cabbage heart male parent; the organic fertilizer is decomposed animal fertilizer;
(2) topdressing a controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer 10-15 days before flowering of the flowering female cabbage parent and the flowering male cabbage parent, wherein the dosage is 10 kg/mu;
(3) spraying gibberellin solution in the middle flowering period of the flowering male parent of the flowering cabbage; the gibberellin solution is a diluted solution of 4% gibberellin emulsifiable solution; the dilution factor is 4000 times.
10. The method for producing hybrid cabbage seeds as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method for controlling flowering stage comprises: punching the leaves of the flowering cabbage male parent 8-10 days before the flowering cabbage male parent in the first period, and punching 1-5 holes with the diameter of 1mm on each leaf.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115777528A (en) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-03-14 | 广州市农业科学研究院 | Culture method for improving microspore embryo emergence rate of hybrid seeds of flowering cabbage and brassica oleracea |
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