CN113755181A - Concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
Aiming at the problems that the mushroom bran is easy to cause environmental pollution, the saline-alkali soil in northwest is too large in area and the like, the influence of 5 treatments of 100% of mushroom bran, 75% of mushroom bran and 25% of attapulgite, 50% of mushroom bran and 50% of attapulgite, 25% of mushroom bran and 75% of attapulgite and 100% of gypsum on the improvement effect of the saline-alkali soil and the corn yield is researched. The results show that the mushroom bran saline-alkali improver with different formulas can greatly reduce the soil conductivity before 8 months and 4 days, has little influence on the soil pH and the volume weight, can increase the soil organic matter content and improve the corn emergence rate and the yield, wherein the T2 formula is the best, the emergence rate reaches 98.21 percent, is increased by 45.86 percent compared with a contrast, and the T2 formula is the best formula of the mushroom bran saline-alkali improver.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of obstacle soil improvement, and particularly relates to a concave-convex fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof.
Background
China is the biggest domestic fungus producing country in the world and accounts for more than 70% of the total world production. The edible fungus industry is the first choice industry of poverty relief in Gansu province and even China. At present, about 85% of 592 poor counties in the country develop edible fungi as the first choice for delightful and rich removal. With the development of the edible fungus industry, the number of the discarded fungus chaff is more and more after the edible fungus fruiting bodies are harvested. In 2018, the yield of edible fungi in China is as high as 4000 ten thousand tons, which accounts for 4/5 of the total yield of the world, and the estimated yield of the fungus chaff reaches 1.3-2 hundred million tons, and most of the fungus chaff of the edible fungi is randomly discarded or combusted, so that the large-scale pollution is caused to the environment, the soil and the like, therefore, how to scientifically and reasonably treat the fungus chaff of the edible fungi, realize the reutilization of the waste of the edible fungi and promote the development of agricultural economy is urgent.
The problem of soil salinization in arid and semi-arid regions has become an important factor that restricts the ecological environment and agricultural production efficiency, and salinized soil has high pH, high salinity and low fertilitySeriously affects the growth of vegetation, and according to statistics, the world salinized soil is about 9.54 multiplied by 109hm2The areas of the saline-alkali soil in northwest, northeast and coastal areas of China exceed 3333.3 ten thousand hm2Wherein the voltage is nearly 1333.3 kilohm2Can be used for agricultural development, and occupies more than 10% of total cultivated land area, and the area of saline-alkali land in Gansu province is close to 10 ten thousand hm 21/4, the land area of the whole province is occupied, however, saline-alkali soil is a complex comprehensive treatment project, and the current methods for improving the saline-alkali soil comprise chemical improvement, organic material improvement, irrigation work improvement, biological improvement, agricultural improvement and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a concave-convex fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioner; the attapulgite-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises fungus chaff, attapulgite and mixed bacteria, wherein the using amount ratio of the fungus chaff to the attapulgite is 1:1-3:1, the mixed bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus, and the adding amount of the mixed bacteria is 1kg of mixed bacteria added in each ton of the attapulgite-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioner.
The research uses the edible fungus chaff as a main raw material, adopts attapulgite and other materials, and screens the optimal saline-alkali modifier for the edible fungus chaff so as to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the edible fungus chaff, improve the utilization rate of land resources and achieve the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil.
Further, the contents of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus in the mixed bacteria were 1000 hundred million/g and 200 hundred million/g, respectively.
Further, the ratio of the mushroom bran to the attapulgite is 3: 1.
Further, the preparation method of the concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step 2, processing attapulgite raw ore into attapulgite small blocks with the side length of less than 3cm by attapulgite acidification, and modifying the attapulgite small blocks by adopting 4mol/L sulfuric acid according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:6 and the reaction time of 3h to prepare the modified attapulgite, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio refers to the mass ratio;
step 3, granulating, namely grinding the modified attapulgite by a Raymond mill, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, sieving the harmless mushroom bran by a 40-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the sieved modified attapulgite and the harmless mushroom bran according to a specified proportion, putting the mixture into a drum-disc granulation system for granulation, drying the mixture by a drying cylinder, cooling the mixture by a cooling cylinder, and feeding the cooled mixture into a coating machine to obtain an attapulgite-mushroom bran mixture; adding the mixed bacteria, stirring, and coating to obtain the concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Further, the fermentation conditions of the tank type aerobic fermentation in the step 1 are as follows: 50-60% of water content, fermenting at room temperature, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30-38 ℃, and the C/N is 25/1-35/1.
Further, the drying temperature in step 3 is 250 ℃.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
step 2, processing attapulgite raw ore into attapulgite small blocks with the side length less than 3cm by attapulgite acidification, and modifying the attapulgite small blocks by adopting 4mol/L sulfuric acid according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:6 and the reaction time of 3h to prepare modified attapulgite;
step 3, granulating, namely grinding the modified attapulgite by a Raymond mill, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, sieving the harmless mushroom bran by a 40-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the sieved modified attapulgite and the harmless mushroom bran according to the proportion of 1:1-3:1, then putting into a drum-disc granulation system for granulation, drying by a drying cylinder, cooling by a cooling cylinder, and then entering a coating machine to obtain an attapulgite-mushroom bran mixture; adding the mixed bacteria, stirring, and coating to obtain the concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner.
The mixed bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus, and the adding amount of the mixed bacteria is 1kg of the mixed bacteria added in each ton of concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Further, the fermentation conditions of the tank type aerobic fermentation in the step 1 are as follows: 50-60% of water content, fermenting at room temperature, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30-38 ℃, and the C/N is 25/1-35/1.
Further, the drying temperature in step 3 is 250 ℃.
Further, the using amount ratio of the mushroom bran to the attapulgite in the step 3 is 3: 1.
Has the advantages that: the pollution of the edible fungus chaff to the environment is solved, the utilization rate of land resources is improved, and the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bar graph of the volume weight of soil treated by different concavo-convex fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioners in the experimental example;
FIG. 2 is a bar graph of soil porosity after treatment with different concavo-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioners in experimental examples;
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of soil pH after treatment with different concavo-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioners in experimental examples;
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of conductivity of soil treated with different concavo-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioners in the experimental examples;
FIG. 5 is a bar graph of soil organic matter after different concavo-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioners in the experimental examples.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples; the following examples are illustrative, not limiting, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention; the equipment used in the invention is the equipment commonly used in the field if no special provisions are made; the methods used in the present invention are those commonly used in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2, processing attapulgite raw ore into attapulgite small blocks with the side length less than 3cm by attapulgite acidification, and modifying the attapulgite small blocks by adopting 4mol/L sulfuric acid according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:6 and the reaction time of 3h to prepare modified attapulgite;
step 3, granulating, namely grinding the modified attapulgite by a Raymond mill, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, sieving the harmless mushroom bran by a 40-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the sieved modified attapulgite and the harmless mushroom bran according to the proportion of 1:3, putting the mixture into a drum-disc granulation system for granulation, drying the mixture at 250 ℃ by a drying cylinder, cooling the mixture by a cooling cylinder, and putting the cooled mixture into a film coating machine to obtain an attapulgite-mushroom bran mixture; then adding mixed bacteria of bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus and enveloping, wherein the adding amount of the mixed bacteria is that 1kg of the mixed bacteria is added into each ton of conditioner, and the contents of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus mucilaginosus in the mixed bacteria are respectively 1000 hundred million/g and 200 hundred million/g;
the fermentation conditions of the tank aerobic fermentation are as follows: 50% water content, fermenting at room temperature at 30-38 deg.C and C/N of 25/1-35/1.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2, processing attapulgite raw ore into attapulgite small blocks with the side length less than 3cm by attapulgite acidification, and modifying the attapulgite small blocks by adopting 4mol/L sulfuric acid according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:6 and the reaction time of 3h to prepare modified attapulgite;
step 3, granulating, namely grinding the modified attapulgite by a Raymond mill, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, sieving the harmless mushroom bran by a 40-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the sieved modified attapulgite and the harmless mushroom bran according to a ratio of 1:1, then putting the mixture into a drum-disc granulation system for granulation, drying the mixture by a drying cylinder at 250 ℃, cooling the mixture by a cooling cylinder, and then putting the cooled mixture into a film coating machine to obtain an attapulgite-mushroom bran mixture; adding mixed bacteria of bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus and coating, wherein the adding amount of the mixed bacteria is 1kg of the mixed bacteria added in each ton of conditioner, and the contents of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus mucilaginosus in the mixed bacteria are respectively 1000 hundred million/g and 200 hundred million/g;
the fermentation conditions of the tank aerobic fermentation are as follows: 55% water content, fermenting at room temperature at 30-38 deg.C and C/N of 25/1-35/1.
Comparative example 1
The contrast example provides a concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2, processing attapulgite raw ore into attapulgite small blocks with the side length less than 3cm by attapulgite acidification, and modifying the attapulgite small blocks by adopting 4mol/L sulfuric acid according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:6 and the reaction time of 3h to prepare modified attapulgite;
step 3, granulating, namely processing attapulgite raw ore into small attapulgite blocks with the side length of less than 3cm, grinding the modified attapulgite by a Raymond mill, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, sieving by a 40-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the sieved modified attapulgite and harmless mushroom bran according to the ratio of 3:1, then putting the mixture into a drum-disc granulation system for granulation, drying the mixture at 250 ℃ by a drying cylinder, cooling the mixture by a cooling cylinder, and then putting the mixture into a film coating machine to obtain an attapulgite-mushroom bran mixture; then adding mixed bacteria of bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus and enveloping, wherein the adding amount of the mixed bacteria is that 1kg of the mixed bacteria is added into each ton of conditioner, and the contents of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus mucilaginosus in the mixed bacteria are respectively 1000 hundred million/g and 200 hundred million/g;
the fermentation conditions of the tank aerobic fermentation are as follows: 60% water content, fermenting at room temperature at 30-38 deg.C and C/N of 25/1-35/1.
Comparative example 2
The contrast example provides a gypsum saline-alkali soil conditioner, which specifically comprises the following steps:
grinding gypsum by a Raymond mill, sieving the ground gypsum by a 200-mesh sieve, putting the sieved gypsum into a drum-disc granulation system for granulation, drying the granulated gypsum by a drying cylinder at 250 ℃, cooling the granulated gypsum by a cooling cylinder, and feeding the cooled gypsum into a coating machine to obtain a concave-convex-fungus chaff mixture; adding mixed bacteria of bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus and coating, wherein the adding amount of the mixed bacteria is that 1kg of the mixed bacteria is added into each ton of the mixture of the bran and the concave-convex, and the content of the bacillus subtilis and the content of the bacillus mucilaginosus in the mixed bacteria are respectively 1000 hundred million/g and 200 hundred million/g;
the fermentation conditions of the tank aerobic fermentation are as follows: 60% water content, fermenting at room temperature at 30-38 deg.C and C/N of 25/1-35/1.
Comparative example 3
The contrast example provides a concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2, granulating, namely sieving harmless mushroom bran by a 40-mesh sieve, putting the sieved mushroom bran into a drum-disc granulation system for granulation, drying the mushroom bran at the temperature of 250 ℃ through a drying cylinder, cooling the mushroom bran through a cooling cylinder, and then putting the mushroom bran into a coating machine to obtain a concave-convex-mushroom bran mixture; then adding mixed bacteria of bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus and enveloping, wherein the adding amount of the mixed bacteria is that 1kg of the mixed bacteria is added into each ton of conditioner, and the contents of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus mucilaginosus in the mixed bacteria are respectively 1000 hundred million/g and 200 hundred million/g;
the fermentation conditions of the tank aerobic fermentation are as follows: fermenting at room temperature with water content of 50% at 30-38 deg.C and C/N of 25/1-35/1;
the mixed bacteria in all the examples and the comparative examples of the invention are purchased from Beijing aerospace Hengfeng science and technology Co., Ltd;
the fungus chaff in all the embodiments and the comparative examples of the invention is the seafood mushroom chaff, and the edible fungus chaff and the attapulgite are provided by the Fujun mining company Limited in Linze county.
Test example 1
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
The test varieties are: the tested crop is corn, and the variety is Shendan No. 10, which is provided by the agricultural technology popularization center in Lingzhou county.
Test materials: the conditioning agents of the control example 3, the example 1-2 and the control example 1-2 were applied to the T1-T5 group, and no conditioning agent was applied to the CK group; namely, the formula of the conditioner adopted by the T1-T5 respectively comprises 100% of mushroom bran, 75% of mushroom bran and 25% of attapulgite, 50% of mushroom bran and 50% of attapulgite, 25% of mushroom bran and 75% of attapulgite and 100% of gypsum.
1.2 design of the experiment
The test is carried out by adopting a random block design, each block is repeated for 3 times, and the area of a cell is 30 square meters.
1.3 test methods
All the tests are carried out in the year 2020, 4 months and 25 days, wide and narrow row film planting is adopted, the row spacing is 25cm, 4500 seedlings are protected per mu, the test land is used for leveling land in the spring 2020, soil conditioner is applied once in combination with land preparation, and the using amount is 160 kg/mu. Scribing, fertilizing and spreading the film in 4 months and 12 days, and sowing in a roller in 4 months and 25 days. The base fertilizer is 15 kilograms per mu of diammonium phosphate, 50 kilograms per mu of ammonium sulfate is applied in the small-horn mouth period and the large-horn mouth period, the seed test and yield measurement are carried out for 18 days in 9 months, the harvest is carried out for 20 days in 9 months, and the water is irrigated for five times in the whole growth period.
1.4 items and methods of measurement
Respectively measuring the matrix volume weight, the porosity, the soil conductivity, the soil organic matter content and the soil pH value of each block group; the volume weight and the porosity of the matrix are measured by adopting a cutting ring method; measuring the soil conductivity by adopting a conductivity meter; measuring soil organic matters by adopting an electric heating plate heating-potassium dichromate volumetric method; soil pH was measured by potentiometric method.
1.5 corn yield trait determination
During harvesting, randomly selecting 10 plants in each cell, and measuring the plant height and the stem thickness of the corn weekly by using a vernier caliper;
emergence rate: in the seedling emergence stage, 3-5 points are selected in each cell, 20 sowing holes are continuously counted on a single row of each sample point, the number of seedlings is investigated, the number of seedlings at each sample point in the same cell is summed up, and the average number of seedlings in the cell is calculated;
yield traits: randomly selecting 10 plants in each cell, measuring the bald length, the number of grains in a row, the number of rows and the weight of hundreds of grains of each 1 ear of each plant, and estimating the cell yield;
the cell yield is the number of ears per ear multiplied by the number of seeds per ear multiplied by the seed set rate multiplied by the hundred seed weight divided by (1000 × 100) multiplied by the correction factor.
1.6 statistical analysis method
The test data is sorted and tabulated by using Excel software, the DPS6.55 software is used for variance analysis, and a Duncan method is adopted for difference significance test.
2 results and analysis
2.1 influence of different groups of concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioners on soil volume weight
Fig. 1 shows that, at 16 th 6 th month, the bulk weight of T5 is the highest, T4 and CK are provided next, but the difference between the three is not significant, T3 is the lowest, but the difference between T1 and T2 is not significant, at 8 th month and 8 th month, the difference between each treatment is not significant, at 4 th 8 th month, the bulk weight of CK is the highest, and the difference between T1 reaches a significant level, at 3 rd 9 th month, the bulk weight of CK is the highest, except T1, the difference between all treatments is significant, at least T2 is the lowest, the difference between CK and T1 is significant, at 10 th 9 th month, the difference between each treatment is not significant, thereby showing that, at the early stage of corn growth, the bulk weight of CK is higher, and different formulations of soil conditioners have a certain reduction effect on the bulk weight of soil, but at the harvesting stage, the difference is not significant.
2.2 influence of different groups of concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioners on soil porosity
Fig. 2 shows that the porosity of each treatment does not change greatly in the whole growth period, the difference between the treatments is not obvious in 16 days at 6 months, 8 days at 7 months, 4 days at 8 months and 3 days at 9 months, the variation is not large, 10 days at 9 months, the porosity of T3 is the largest, and the difference is T2, the difference between the two is not obvious, but the difference with all other treatments reaches a significant level, so that the formula with higher content of mushroom bran can increase the porosity of soil.
2.3 Effect of different groups of concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioners on soil PH
As can be seen from fig. 3, after the concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied, the pH of the soil changes differently with the passage of time, the overall change is a descending trend, the amplitude is not large, the cK changes gradually with the passage of time, T1 shows a descending trend from 16 days at 6 months to 3 days at 9 months, the T3578 gradually increases from 3 days at 9 months, the T2 shows a descending trend at the whole growth period, the amplitude is large after 8 days at 7 months, the T3 and the T4 show a slight ascending trend from 16 months to 8 days at 6 months, the T7 months and the 8 days later show a descending trend, the overall pH of the T5 shows a descending trend, and from the whole, only the pH of T1 is lower than the cK, thereby indicating that the influence of each treatment on the pH is low.
2.4 influence of different groups of concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioners on soil conductivity
As can be seen from fig. 4, the soil conductivity corresponding to each concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioner changes greatly in the whole growth period, and the CK conductivity is higher than that of other treatments in the whole growth period except for 9 months and 10 days. The difference between CK and all treatments is obvious in 16 th 6 th except T1, the difference between CK and T1 and T4 is not obvious in 8 th 7 th 8 th and 4 th 8 th 4 th, and the difference between CK and other treatments is obvious, the difference between treatments is not obvious in 3 th 9 th and 10 th 9 th, and the conductivity of T2 and T3 in the whole growth period is low, so that the soil conductivity can be obviously reduced in the early growth period by other treatments except the T1 formula.
2.5 Effect of different groups of concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioners on soil organic matters
The soil organic matter is an important source of soil fertility, as can be seen from fig. 5, the change of the organic matter between the soil treated by the concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner is not large and slightly increases, only the soil at each period of T2 increases, the content of the organic matter in the soil at each period of T1, T2 and T3 is obviously higher than cK, the organic matter in the soil at each period of T1 and T3 changes irregularly along with the passage of time, but the content of the organic matter in T1 is higher than that in T3, and the content of the organic matter in T4 and T5 is lower than cK.
2.6 influence of different groups of concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioners on corn emergence rate
The emergence rate of the corn is closely related to the yield of the corn, and as can be seen from table 1, the emergence rate of the corn is the highest T2 which is 98.2088 percent and is very obviously different from all treatments, the emergence rate of the cK is the lowest cK which is 52.3467 percent and is very obviously different from all treatments, and the emergence rate of the corn is very obviously different from T2 and T5.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on corn emergence rate
Wherein, the significance between each group is marked by a marked letter method, all the averages are arranged in sequence from large to small, then the letter a is marked on the largest average, the average is compared with the following averages, all the averages which do not differ significantly are marked with the letter a until one average which differs significantly is marked with the letter b (downward process), the average marked with the letter b is taken as a standard, the average which is larger than the other average is compared with the upper averages, all the averages which do not differ significantly are marked with the letter b uniformly (upward process), the largest average marked with the letter b is taken as a standard, the average which do not differ significantly is continued to be marked with the letter b until one average which differ significantly is marked with the letter c …, and the process is repeated until the smallest average which has the marked letter and is compared with the above averages, thus, among the averages, the differences are not significant if the averages have one same marked letter, and the differences are significant if the averages do not have the same marked letter.
2.7 influence of different groups of concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioners on economic characters of corns
As can be seen from Table 2, the difference in the weight of the grains between cK and other treatments is not significant, wherein T2 is the highest and is 42.13g, T4 is the lowest and is 35.43g, and the number of grains in the row T2 is the highest and is 35 grains; t4 minimum, 27 granules; and the row grain number of cK is 28 grains; the grain numbers of the lines T1, T2, T3 and T5 are all higher than cK, and the longest cK of the bald top of a single plant is 2.55 cm; t2 is shortest and 1.06 cm; therefore, cK > T5> T4> T3> T1> T2, the row number cK is the least, 14 rows, and the other processes are all higher than cK.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on economic traits of maize
2.8 influence of different groups of concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioners on corn yield
Different-treatment fungus bran saline-alkali soil conditionerThe yield of the corn is increased compared with that of the control, which shows that the mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner can provide a proper soil environment for the growth of the corn, effectively promotes the growth and development of the corn, and improves the yield of the corn, and as can be seen from Table 4, the highest yield of the corn is T2 which is 158.26kg/30m2The difference from all treatments is obvious, except T3, the difference from other treatments is very obvious, and the yield size sequence is T2>T3>T5>T1>T4>The yield of cK and CK is lowest, 75.7337kg/30m2The cK did not differ significantly from T4, was very significantly different from T2, and was significantly different from each of the other treatments.
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on corn yield
3. Discussion of the related Art
3.1 Effect of different treatments on the physical Properties of the soil
The test result shows that the fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioner in the embodiment 1-4 has certain influence on the volume weight of the soil, the volume weight of the soil is reduced totally, but the change is not large; the saline-alkali modifier with different formulas has little influence on the porosity.
3.2 Effect of different treatments on soil chemistry
The test result shows that the conductivity of the soil can be reduced by each treatment in the early growth stage, and the test result shows that each treatment has lower influence on the pH value; the conditioner for the saline-alkali soil with different fungus chaffs improves the content of organic matters in the soil. In addition to T1, other treatments significantly reduced soil conductivity during the pre-fertility phase.
3.3 Effect of different treatments on corn emergence Rate and yield traits
The test result shows that the different fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioners can improve the emergence rate of the corn, wherein the emergence rate of T2 is the best, the yield of T2 is the highest, and the emergence rate is improved mainly because the conductivity of T2 is the lowest in each growth period, particularly 6 months and 16 days, and the conductivity is remarkably lower than CK, so that the yield is also improved.
4. Conclusion
From the test results, the following conclusion can be drawn that the mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner with different formulas can greatly reduce the soil conductivity before 8 months and 4 days; the influence on the pH value and the volume weight of the soil is small, the organic matter content of the soil can be increased, the emergence rate and the yield of the corn can be improved, and the technical effect of the T2 formula (example 1) is the best.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The attapulgite-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized by comprising mushroom bran, attapulgite and mixed bacteria, wherein the using amount ratio of the mushroom bran to the attapulgite is 1:1-3:1, the mixed bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus, and the adding amount of the mixed bacteria is 1kg of mixed bacteria added in each ton of attapulgite-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner.
2. The concavo-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the contents of bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus in the mixed bacteria are 1000 hundred million/g and 200 hundred million/g, respectively.
3. The attapulgite-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the using amount ratio of the mushroom bran to the attapulgite is 3: 1.
4. The concavo-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the concavo-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step 1, mechanically bagging fermented fungus chaff, and performing groove type aerobic fermentation for 30 days to obtain harmless fungus chaff;
step 2, processing attapulgite raw ore into attapulgite small blocks with the side length less than 3cm by attapulgite acidification, and modifying the attapulgite small blocks by adopting 4mol/L sulfuric acid according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:6 and the reaction time of 3h to prepare modified attapulgite;
step 3, granulating, namely grinding the modified attapulgite by a Raymond mill, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, sieving the harmless mushroom bran by a 40-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the sieved modified attapulgite and the harmless mushroom bran according to a specified proportion, putting the mixture into a drum-disc granulation system for granulation, drying the mixture by a drying cylinder, cooling the mixture by a cooling cylinder, and feeding the cooled mixture into a coating machine to obtain an attapulgite-mushroom bran mixture; adding the mixed bacteria, stirring, and coating to obtain the concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner.
5. The concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fermentation conditions of the tank type aerobic fermentation in the step 1 are as follows: 50-60% of water content, fermenting at room temperature, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30-38 ℃, and the C/N is 25/1-35/1.
6. The concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in claim 4, wherein the drying temperature in the step 3 is 250 ℃.
7. The preparation method of the concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, mechanically bagging fermented fungus chaff, and performing groove type aerobic fermentation for 30 days to obtain harmless fungus chaff;
step 2, processing attapulgite raw ore into attapulgite small blocks with the side length less than 3cm by attapulgite acidification, and modifying the attapulgite small blocks by adopting 4mol/L sulfuric acid according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:6 and the reaction time of 3h to prepare modified attapulgite;
step 3, granulating, namely grinding the modified attapulgite by a Raymond mill, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, sieving the harmless mushroom bran by a 40-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the sieved modified attapulgite and the harmless mushroom bran according to the proportion of 1:1-3:1, then putting into a drum-disc granulation system for granulation, drying by a drying cylinder, cooling by a cooling cylinder, and then entering a coating machine to obtain an attapulgite-mushroom bran mixture; adding mixed bacteria, stirring, and coating to obtain the concave-convex-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner;
the mixed bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus, and the adding amount of the mixed bacteria is that 1kg of the mixed bacteria is added into each ton of concave-convex-fungus chaff mixture.
8. The concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fermentation conditions of the tank type aerobic fermentation in the step 1 are as follows: 50-60% of water content, fermenting at room temperature, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30-38 ℃, and the C/N is 25/1-35/1.
9. The concave-convex-fungus chaff saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in claim 7, wherein the drying temperature in the step 3 is 250 ℃.
10. The attapulgite-mushroom bran saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 7, wherein the using amount ratio of the mushroom bran to the attapulgite in the step 3 is 3: 1.
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