CN1304338C - Slow releasing urea and its producing method - Google Patents
Slow releasing urea and its producing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to slow release urea and a preparation method thereof. A high molecular polymer of polyvinyl acetate and granular urea of coating materials are used as raw materials, the mixture ratio of polyvinyl acetate to urea by weight is 1 to 3.1:100, and the optimal mixture ratio is 2.041:100. The preparation method comprises the steps that granular urea is sieved into the granularity phi of 2.00 to 3.00mm, the coating material of polyvinyl acetate is dissolved with a solvent to obtain a coating solution, after the raw materials are proportioned by weight, and the coating solution is used for coating granular urea to be dried, sieved and packed. The present invention has the characteristics that the release rate and release quantity of the element of nitrogen is regulated by selecting appropriate thickness of the coating, the release time is controlled so as to correspond to the peak time of nitrogen absorption of agronomic crops, the material input of the coating is saved, the manufacturing cost is low, the slow release urea is easy to popularize and is used for field agronomic crops, the pollution of nitrogenous fertilizers to environment and agricultural products is lowered, the manufacturing technology is simple, and the slow release urea is suitable for mass production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, relate in particular to a kind of slow-release carbamide and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The general nitrogen stress of China's agricultural land soil, applied nitrogen are one of key measures that ensures high yield, stable, high-quality, high-efficiency agriculture.At present, the principal item of the world and China's nitrogenous fertilizer is urea.Advantages such as urea is with its available nutrient concentration height, and is functional, stores and transports easily, easy to use are admitted by consumers in general.But urea finally is hydrolyzed to CO under the effect at soil urease after using
2And NH
3, under certain envrionment conditions,, then easily cause leaching loss and volatilization loss, so the utilization ratio of nitrogen is lower as rainfall, irrigation, the whole nation on average has only 36%.Jilin Province is as corn main producing region, the world, the whole province's corn seeding area was 237.5 ten thousand hectares in 1999, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is 193.6 ten thousand tons (tons in kind), on application process, use common urea based on base fertilizer and the traditional way that topdresses, caused a large amount of loss of nitrogen fertilizer every year, labor force's input causes input-output ratio to increase in addition, peasant's income is reduced, and the enthusiasm of planting grain weakens.
The poor efficiency utilization of nitrogen has not only caused the huge waste of the energy and resource, and living environment has been produced adverse consequences, as underground water, agricultural-food are polluted, produces problems such as body eutrophication and Greenhouse effect.Therefore, improve the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, alleviate or exempt fertilizer pollution, develop sustainable high-efficiency agriculture and become common concern in various countries and problem anxious to be solved.
Slow-release carbamide has nitrogen and discharges slowly, the fertilizer efficiency longer duration, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer height, characteristics such as can all do that base fertilizer is used are that to solve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer low so use slow-release carbamide, reduce the good measure of the nitrogen loss and the problems such as difficulty of topdressing.At present, the slow release method of nitrogenous fertilizer is all being greatly developed in countries in the world, coated carbamide is exactly wherein a kind of, its method for making is the film that is coated with one deck insoluble at urea granules surface bag, control the release of nitrogen by membrane permeability, reach the need nitrogen requirement that applied once satisfies the crop whole growing, and can alleviate the nitrogen loss that causes owing to decomposition, volatilization, leaching etc. greatly, improve the utilization ratio of nitrogen.
At present external Envelope type urea is mainly sulfur-coated urea and polymer capsule urea, and the multiple polymers coated fertilizer as the commodity POLYON by name of the production of Puresell industrial also has commodity Trirote polymkeric substance compound bag Thio Urea by name; The polychlorostyrene second diene coated fertilizer that Vigoro industry IMC global company produces, commodity are called V-COTE, Woodace etc.; The polymkeric substance bag Thio Urea of the commodity that LWSCO company produces Polyplus by name.But external coated carbamide has the weakness of two maximums: the one, and expensive price, because its production technique is quite complicated, require meticulously, its commercial fertilizer price per ton all surpasses thousands of dollars, up to 3～9 times of common fertilizer, even also be difficult to accept in developed country; The 2nd, be subjected to environment-stress, its macromolecular material of selecting for use takes the degraded of 30 years ability, and coated fertilizer ingredients constitute coated fertilizer total amount 10～20%, the ratio of consumption is higher, if life-time service, the coating residue will inevitably bring the serious environmental consequence to soil.Now only can be used for garden crops such as the higher fruit tree of park, meadow, golf course and economic worth, vegetables and flowers.
Several main coated carbamide of domestic present formation has coating urea, phosphogypsum coated carbamide and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate coated carbamide, these products all have the slow control action kou, can improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, with although to compare coating quantity abroad few, cost is lower, but its slow-releasing majority is too fast, can not match with the suction nitrogen peak period of farm crop, still there is big gap with states such as Europe, the United States, orders on the production technology, is not used for agriculture production so far as yet not fairly largely.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly can regulate the rate of release and the burst size of nitrogen by selecting suitable membrane wrapping thickness, control its time of releasing, so that the suction nitrogen peak period with farm crop matches, and have the coating materials and economize, the cost cost is low, is easy to popularize be used for the land for growing field crops farm crop, reduce nitrogenous fertilizer to environment and pollution of agricultural products, manufacture craft is simple, is fit to slow-release carbamide of mass production and preparation method thereof, to overcome the defective that existing slow-release carbamide exists.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
With coated fertilizer high molecular polymer polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and granular urea is raw material, and both proportionings by weight are 1～3.1: 100, and best proportioning is 2.041: 100.Its making method is:
A) granular urea is sieved into the granularity of φ 2.00～3.00mm; B) the coated fertilizer polyvinyl acetate (PVA) is made dissolution with solvents with methyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and methyl alcohol proportioning by weight is 1: 4, and the dissolved temperature is 120～150 ℃, and evaporable methyl alcohol is complemented to the preceding quantity of volatilization, obtains coating solution; C) with above a),
B) raw material that obtains of step after the proportioning,, is made after drying, screening and the packing the granular urea coating with coating solution by weight.
The manufacture craft flow process is seen Fig. 1.
The equipment that coating adopts is coating pan, and the processing condition of coating are 60～70 ℃ of coating temperature, 200 rev/mins of coating pan rotating speeds, and the gun spraying of coating solution, 2～3 normal atmosphere of gases used pressure sprayed with 1.5～25 hours.
The technical indicator that makes slow-release carbamide sees Table 1.
Table 1 slow-release carbamide technical indicator
| Index name | Salable product |
| Color | White or light |
| Outward appearance | Particle |
| Total nitrogen (N) content (in butt) 〉= | 45.0％ |
| Biuret Content≤ | 1.5％ |
| Moisture (H 2O)≤ | 0.8％ |
| Granularity (φ 2.00～3.00mm) 〉= | 95％ |
| The coating expulsion rate≤ | 1.8％ |
| Water insoluble matter content≤ | 1.0～3.0％ |
The test method of slow-release carbamide technical indicator:
The mensuration of total nitrogen content: the regulation according to GB/T2441 is carried out.
The mensuration of Biuret Content: the regulation according to GB/T2443 is carried out.
The mensuration of moisture: the regulation according to GB/T2444 is carried out.
The mensuration of granularity: the regulation according to GB/T2448 is carried out.
The mensuration of coating expulsion rate:
Operation steps: get the 250ml beaker, add about water 150ml, get 20～30 (T) slow-release carbamides then at random, put into the beaker that is filled with water, slow-release carbamide directly checks in ghost quantity (t) at the water surface after all dissolving.The test triplicate is got its arithmetical av.
Method of calculation: coating expulsion rate (%)=(T-t) * 100/T
The mensuration of water insoluble matter content: the regulation according to GB/T2447 is carried out.
Other is pressed granular urea national standard (GB2440-2001) and carries out.
The mechanism of action of the present invention is:
Granular urea CO (NH
2)
2In behind high molecular polymer polyvinyl acetate (PVA) coating, being manured into soil, the high polymer film-coated barrier action of having played the nutrient diffusion, the microporosity of moisture by coating enters urea slowly dissolved, thereby reaches the purpose that nutrient slowly discharges.Coated fertilizer polyvinyl acetate (PVA) (H as slow-release carbamide
2C=CHOOCCH
2)
n, be lyophobic dust, extraordinary film-forming properties is arranged, be dissolved in methyl alcohol CH
3OH; And urea and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) react with not, and the two is immiscible, and the solubleness in methyl alcohol is very little.At different farm crop, regulate the rate of release and the burst size of nitrogen by selecting suitable membrane wrapping thickness, control its time of releasing, so that match with the suction nitrogen peak period of farm crop.Reaching does not like this topdress plays the purpose of topdressing and acting on again.
Jilin Agriculture University " exempts to impose the development of chemical fertilizer new variety ", and seminar has carried out the development and the field test work of slow-release carbamide, and its research and experiment situation is as follows:
One, the result of study and the analysis of shop experiment part
Different coating quantities influence dynamically to the release of nitrogen in the slow-release carbamide
Select for use B (polyvinyl acetate (PVA)) to do culture experiment for the slow-release carbamide of coated fertilizer.
(1) testing program
Culture experiment is established (1) blank test (blank) altogether; (2) controlled trial (contrast); (3) B
1(4) B
2(5) B
3Totally five processing, three repetitions.
Blank test (blank) is not for using any fertilizer, and the same terms is cultivated, sampling.Controlled trial (contrast) is to use common urea in soil, and the same terms is cultivated sampling.B
1, B
2And B
3Representative is used polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and granular urea proportioning (coating quantity) by weight is 1: 100 respectively, the slow-release carbamide of 2.041: 100 and 3.1: 100.
(2) test method
Take by weighing the sample that contains 150mg nitrogen approximately, impose in the Glass Containers of high 25cm, radius 7.5cm, soil weighs 500 grams, and humidity is about 30%, and slow release fertilizer evenly imposes in the soil layer of the dark 10cm of soil, sealing, the shading of earth pillar part.Each handles the different incubation times of respectively establishing 7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56,63,70,77,84 days (d), and three repetitions place under the natural temperature.Behind the identical cultivation fate of results of regular determination, NH in each soil of handling
4 +And NO
3 -Content, establish blank and controlled trial simultaneously.
(3) test-results
Different coating quantities influence it dynamically to the release of nitrogen in the slow-release carbamide and the results are shown in Table 2.
The different coating quantities of table 2 discharge dynamic influence to slow-release carbamide nitrogen in soil
Annotate: 7d is the 7th day in the table, and surplus the rest may be inferred.Burst size is the cumulative release amount, and all data are the data that deduct after the blank test.
As can be seen from the above table, B
1～B
3Release rate obviously delay in contrast.According to above data, the burst size Q (mg/kg) of nitrogen did scatter diagram to time T (d) during each was handled, as shown in Figure 2.
We can clearly be seen that from Fig. 2: the release conditions of nitrogen was the state of " early stage is few, and mid-term is many, and the later stage eases up " substantially each was handled, and the distribution of scatter diagram mid point is S-type substantially, and available Logistic curve removes this Changing Pattern of match.
Handle corresponding burst size and the release rate curve is seen Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 for each.
From the release rate profile of Fig. 6 we as can be seen: B
1Nitrogen discharge the peak greatly about 41～47 days; B
2Nitrogen discharge the peak greatly about 53～59 days; B
3Nitrogen discharge the peak greatly about 63～77 days; The nitrogen of control treatment discharges the peak greatly about 15～27 days.And the area, Changchun, suction nitrogen peak of corn approximately appears at 57～62 days.From above situation we as can be seen, the release peak period B of nitrogen
1Comparison is according to delaying about 20 days B
2Delay about 35 days B
3Delay about 45 days.B
2With B
3All approaching with corn suction nitrogen peak period, B
2Shift to an earlier date B slightly
3Delay slightly, the two is all available, considers the coating quantity cost, and we have selected B
2
For the release of slow-release carbamide in soil relatively dynamically and the suction nitrogen situation of corn, the burst size and the corn amount of nitrogen sucking of nitrogen in the corresponding period slow-release carbamide are compared, the results are shown in table 3.
The amount of nitrogen sucking of the burst size of nitrogen and corn in corresponding period in table 3 slow-release carbamide
| Corn growth stage | Handle | Nitrogen burst size (kg/mu) in the slow-release carbamide | Corn amount of nitrogen sucking (kg/mu) |
| Insert kind～group joint (36 days) | Contrast | 5.01 | 0.26 |
| B 1 | 2.30 | ||
| B 2 | 0.96 | ||
| B 3 | 0.57 |
| Sow～take out hero (77 days) | Contrast | 5.50 | 8.58 |
| B 1 | 6.60 | ||
| B 2 | 6.80 | ||
| B 3 | 6.98 | ||
| Sow～weave silk (83 days) | Contrast | 5.60 | 10.02 |
| B 1 | 6.70 | ||
| B 2 | 7.00 | ||
| B3 | 7.82 |
From the data of table 3, the burst size of nitrogen is compared with control treatment in the amount of nitrogen sucking of corn each breeding time and the corresponding period slow-release carbamide, and the degree of closeness of the two will be higher than the latter, especially B
2And B
3Each, the burst size and the amount of nitrogen sucking rule of corn of nitrogen were approaching substantially in period, and the two is all available, considers the coating quantity cost, and we select B
2As the slow-release carbamide kind.
Two, the result of study and the analysis of field test part
1, for examination soil
Field test at Jilin Agriculture University Agricultural Experiments station, Siping City street village, Xin Nong township, Nongan County, Jilin Province, Baicheng City east wind friend from one's native village, town or province friendship village, Meihekou City Hong Mei town carry out.Soil physical and chemical property sees Table 4.
Table 4 is for the examination soil physical and chemical property
| Place (time) | Organic (g/kg) | Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg/kg) | Available P 2O 5 (mg/kg) | Quick-acting K 2O (mg/kg) | PH (water: soil=5: 1) |
| Jilin agricultural university of Jilin agricultural university of Jilin agricultural university of Jilin agricultural university of Jilin agricultural university (99) (00) (01) (02) (03) farming peace (01) Baicheng (01) Meihekou (02) | 28.7 27.4 28.3 27.8 28.5 22.4 17.9 26.4 | 113.4 110.8 112.4 114.3 113.8 106.3 97.8 134.5 | 11.9 11.7 11.5 11.4 11.7 10.3 8.7 13.6 | 130.2 128.4 126.8 126.4 129.3 113.6 97.5 102.4 | 6.62 6.64 6.63 6.67 6.81 7.33 7.68 6.74 |
The soil organism is electric sand bath heating-K
2Cr
2O
7Volumetry, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen are the alkaline hydrolysis diffusion process, available P
2O
5Be the Olsen method, quick-acting K
2O is the neutral NH of 1mol/l
4OAc lixiviate-flame spectrophotometric determination.
2, slow-release carbamide consumption test
This test is carried out at Jilin Agriculture University Agricultural Experiments station, and nine processing are established in test altogether, and three repetitions are by district's group arrangement at random, sub-district area 31.2m
2, test processing and consumption are as shown in table 5.
The test of table 5 slow-release carbamide is handled and consumption
| Handle | Consumption | |
| The nitrogenous fertilizer bottom application | Phosphorus, | |
| 1、CK | - | - |
| 2, slow-release carbamide | 4.8kg pure N/667m 2 | Coarse whiting+Repone K |
| 3, slow-release carbamide | 6.8kg pure N/667m 2 | Coarse whiting+Repone K constant bottom application |
| 4, slow-release carbamide | 8.8kg pure N/667m 2 | Coarse whiting+Repone K constant bottom application |
| 5, slow-release carbamide | 10.8kg pure N/667m 2 | Coarse whiting+Repone K constant bottom application |
| 6, slow-release carbamide | 12.8kg pure N/667m 2 | Coarse whiting+Repone K |
| 7, slow-release carbamide | 14.8kg pure N/667m 2 | Coarse whiting+Repone K constant bottom application |
| 8、PK | - | Coarse whiting+Repone K constant bottom application |
| 9、NPK | Habits fertilization | |
On May 4th, 1999 by artificial seeding, kind is lucky single 159, about all base fertilizer deep placement 10cm, sows spacing in the rows 33cm, line-spacing 65cm, between the sub-district vertical 1 meter, horizontal passageway, empty 1 ridge behind the earthing.5m is got in every sub-district behind the harvest corn
2(totally 24 strains) survey biological yield, randomly draw 6 strains then and claim fresh weight by the different tissues sampling in 24 strains, and full N content is surveyed in air-dry back, calculates utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and it the results are shown in Figure 7.The air-dry back species test of whole 24 strain mealie peeling back packs, survey are produced, and it the results are shown in Table 6.
(1) slow-release carbamide is to the influence of corn yield formation, output and stimulation ratio
Species test behind the harvest corn, survey are produced, and 5m is got in every sub-district
2, air-dry back surveys 100-grain weight and seed is heavy, calculates and amounts to output and stimulation ratio (comparing with processing 9), and it the results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 slow-release carbamide is to the influence of corn yield and stimulation ratio
| Handle | 100-grain weight (g) | Output (kg/ha) | Stimulation ratio (%) | ||||||
| I | II | III | On average | I | II | III | On | ||
| 1、CK | 38.7 | 39.6 | 39.1 | 39.1 | 6180 | 5970 | 6255 | 6135 | - |
| 2, slow-release carbamide | 40.2 | 41.1 | 39.7 | 40.3 | 7541 | 7425 | 7324 | 7430 | - |
| 3, slow-release carbamide | 41.5 | 41.3 | 40.6 | 41.1 | 7895 | 7925 | 8024 | 7948 | 1.1 |
| 4, slow-release carbamide | 41.3 | 40.7 | 40.9 | 41.0 | 8778 | 8646 | 8876 | 8766.7 | 11.5 |
| 5, slow-release carbamide | 39.9 | 42.1 | 40.6 | 40.9 | 8464.5 | 8481 | 8596.5 | 8514 | 8.2 |
| 6, slow-release carbamide | 38.8 | 37.4 | 39.5 | 38.6 | 7647 | 7854 | 7743 | 7748 | - |
| 7, slow-release carbamide | 37.2 | 38.3 | 37.6 | 37.7 | 7623 | 7557 | 7408.5 | 7529.5 | - |
| 8、PK | 39.1 | 37.8 | 36.8 | 37.9 | 6206.2 | 5970.5 | 5903.7 | 6026.8 | - |
| 9, habits fertilization | 38.4 | 37.6 | 37.4 | 37.8 | 7824.4 | 7924.3 | 7847.6 | 7865.4 | - |
As known from Table 6, slow-release carbamide is positive growth to maize yield under certain consumption, surpasses certain limit output and reduces, and each handles slow-release carbamide and compare stimulation ratio with habits fertilization, handles 4 than habits fertilization volume increase 11.5%.
(2) slow-release carbamide is to the influence of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer
The corn ripening stage is divided the different sites sampling, measures its full N content, calculates utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.It the results are shown in Figure 7.
Calculate as can be known by the utilization ratio to nitrogenous fertilizer, slow-release carbamide is hanging down under the consumption, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer height, and handling 2 is 54.2%, along with the increase utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer reduction of consumption.Handling 4 utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 44.2%, and handles 9 (habits fertilization is 32.5%), illustrates that using slow-release carbamide can improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, uses 8.8 kilograms of N for every mu and improves 11.7 percentage points than habits fertilization utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
3, the result of use of slow-release carbamide on the different soils fertility
This test is carried out on farming peace, Baicheng, Meihekou three ground, establishes nine processing altogether, three repetitions, and district's group is arranged at random, sub-district area 50m
2, test is handled and consumption sees Table 7.
Table 7 test is handled and consumption
| | Consumption | Remarks | |
| 1、CK | - | - | |
| 2, habits fertilization | The PK conventional amount used | Nitrogen dressing | |
| 3, PK+ slow-release carbamide | The pure N/667m of 8kg 2 | The PK conventional amount used | |
| 4, PK+ slow-release carbamide | The pure N/667m of 10kg 2 | The PK conventional amount used | |
| 5, PK+ slow-release carbamide | The pure N/667m of 12kg 2 | The PK conventional amount used | |
| 6、PK | The PK conventional amount used | No N district |
This test calendar year 2001 in Nongan County Xin Nong township, Baicheng City friendship village, divided three ground to carry out in Meihekou Hong Mei town in 2002, kind is four close 21 manually with the water sowing on April calendar year 2001 28 in farming peace test point.Test point, Baicheng is manually sowed with water on May calendar year 2001 1, and kind is four single 19.Meihekou test point by artificial seeding's on May 4th, 2002, kind is for originally educating 9.About all base fertilizer deep placement 10cm, sow spacing in the rows 33cm, line-spacing 65cm, between the sub-district vertical 1 meter, horizontal passageway, empty 1 ridge behind the earthing.5m is got in every sub-district behind the harvest corn
2(totally 24 strains) survey biological yield, randomly draw 6 strains then and claim fresh weight by the different tissues sampling in 24 strains, and full N content is surveyed in air-dry back, and it the results are shown in Table 9.The air-dry back species test of whole 24 strain mealie peeling back packs, survey are produced, and it the results are shown in Table 8.
(1) output and the stimulation ratio of slow-release carbamide on the different soils fertility
Press every sub-district 5m behind the harvest corn
2Sampling, grain yield is measured in air-dry back, calculates and amounts to output and stimulation ratio, and it the results are shown in Table 8.
Table 8 different tests point output and stimulation ratio result
| Handle | The farming peace | Baicheng | Meihekou | |||
| Output kg/ha | Stimulation ratio % | Output kg/ha | Stimulation ratio % | Output kg/ha | | |
| 1、CK | 5834.7 | - | 4956.7 | - | 5382.4 | - |
| 2, habits fertilization | 7746.3 | - | 7124.3 | - | 7657.8 | - |
| 3, PK+ slow-release carbamide | 7524.2 | - | 6974.1 | - | 7425.3 | - |
| 4, PK+ slow-release carbamide | 8063.4 | 4.1 | 7362.5 | 3.3 | 7968.2 | 4.1 |
| 5, PK+ slow-release carbamide | 7842.5 | 1.2 | 7426.2 | 4.2 | 7824.5 | 2.2 |
| 6、PK | 5983.6 | - | 5011.1 | - | 5215.7 | - |
(2) utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of slow-release carbamide on the different soils fertility
The full N amount of different sites is measured in the sampling of results time-division position, air-dry back, calculates utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and it the results are shown in Table 9.
According to output and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer result, pacify amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer with 10kgN/667m in farming
2Be optimum, improve 4.1%～4.3% than local habits fertilization output, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 4.1%～5.0%.Baicheng Prefecture's amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is with 12kgN/667m
2, improving 4.2%～5.6% than local habits fertilization output, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 8.0%～9.2%.Meihekou City is imitated amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer with 10kgN/667m
2Be optimum, improve 4.1%～4.4% than local habits fertilization output, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 3.9～4.9 percentage points.
Table 9 slow release fertilizer is to the influence of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer
| Handle | The farming peace | Baicheng | Meihekou | |||
| Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%) | Comparison is according to high | Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%) | Comparison is according to high | Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%) | Comparison is according to high | |
| 2, habits fertilization | 32.9 | 31.9 | 31.3 | |||
| 3, PK+ slow-release carbamide | 359 | 3.0 | 36.6 | 4.7 | 33.6 | 2.3 |
| 4, PK+ slow-release carbamide | 37.0 | 4.1 | 38.5 | 6.6 | 35.2 | 3.9 |
| 5, PK+ slow-release carbamide | 28.9 | - | 39.9 | 8.0 | 28.6 | - |
4, the large-scale demonstration of slow-release carbamide test
This test 2003 is carried out at Jilin Agriculture University Agricultural Experiments station, establishes three processing altogether, repeats for 1 time, and each handles 200m the demonstration area
2Sowing on May 10th, 2003, artificial drilling, normal field management, its processing and consumption see Table 10.
Table 10 test is handled and consumption
| Sequence number | Handle | Consumption (Nkg/667m 2) | |
| 1 | Slow-release carbamide (exempting to chase after urea) | 8.5 | All |
| 2 | Habits fertilization | 10 | Half topdresses |
| 3 | Contrast | 8.5 | All make base fertilizer |
May 23 began to emerge, because spring, arid was short of rain, cause seedling rate low slightly, but that control treatment is short of seedling was more, mainly be because bottom application nitrogenous fertilizer too much cause burn kind due to, total seedling rate is more than 80%.Do not carry out other project investigation at each growing period, survey in the ripening stage and produce.September 24, the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province organized the expert to carry out onsite acceptance, and October 6, results back seminar carried out sampling survey product again.Twice survey produced and be the results are shown in Table 11.
The table 11 corn ripening stage surveys and produces the result
| Handle | The expert surveys product (kg/ha) | Comparison is according to volume increase (%) | Seminar surveys and produces (kg/ha) | Comparison is according to volume increase (%) |
| Exempt to chase after urea | 8115 | 15.1 | 8257 | 15.7 |
| Habits fertilization | 6800 | 7065 | ||
| Contrast | 7050 | - | 7136 | - |
In sum, positively effect of the present invention is:
1, makes coated fertilizer because of the high molecular polymer polyvinyl acetate (PVA) that has adopted good film-forming property, and rational manufacture craft, can control its time of releasing by rate of release and the burst size of selecting membrane wrapping thickness to regulate nitrogen, match so that inhale the nitrogen peak period with the biology of farm crop.After corn being used the coated carbamide of 2% coating quantity, comparable habits fertilization improves 3.9～11.7 percentage points of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
Evaluation for nitrogen releasing rule in the coated carbamide, can adopt the Logistic curve to set up burst size and time, rate of release and time relation function, the suction nitrogen rule of its curve and crop matches, can on corn, use, also can on different crops, study the coated carbamide of other kind in view of the above.
2, the coating consumption is 1～3% only, is significantly less than the consumption level of external like product 10～20%.Homemade urea price is 1600 yuan/ton, urea coated back ton cost increases about 200 yuan, only increase production cost about 12.5%, and external like product minimum rate also must be that they are more than 3 times, so by contrast, its price advantage clearly and result of use is basic identical.
3, test shows, the amount of application of coated carbamide, and Changchun is about 130kgN/ha, and the farming peace is that Baicheng is about 180kgN/ha about 150kgN/ha, and Meihekou is about 150kgN/ha.The scope of generally using is 130～180kgN/ha, reduces 30kgN/ha than conventional nitrogen fertilizer amount, reduces cost about 20%, and can increase production corn 2.3～11.5% than habits fertilization.
On amount of application, because of the raising utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and need not topdress, reduced nitrogen fertilizer amount, reduce peasant's nitrogenous fertilizer economy and drop into, a ton production cost that is enough to coating is increased offsets for 200 yuan, so the net return that increasing both production and income increases newly for the peasant.
4, the field demonstration test shows, coated carbamide can be applicable to the land for growing field crops farm crop, is convenient to big area and promotes, and has the high characteristics of consumption low yield, and increasing both production and income is obvious, meets very much peasant's interests requirement, is particularly suitable for the existing national conditions of China.
5, after urea coated, the time of releasing and the speed of urea have been delayed, increased the absorption of crop, leaching loss and volatilization loss have been reduced, and coating residuals ratio is very little, only be 1.0～3.0%, so slowed down problems such as the pollution that soil, underground water and agricultural-food are caused, and water nutritionization of being brought and Greenhouse effect.
6, simple, the easy handling of coating manufacture craft, raw materials for production, equipment are easy to get, and it is low to make the cost cost, stable and reliable product quality, its index of correlation all meets national standard, so be particularly suitable for rural area, peasant's mass production, uses also very convenient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a slow-release carbamide manufacture craft schema;
Fig. 2 is the burst size scatter diagram of nitrogen in soil in the different coating consumption slow-release carbamides;
Fig. 3 is B
1The middle burst size curve of nitrogen in soil;
Fig. 4 is B
2The middle burst size curve of nitrogen in soil;
Fig. 5 is B
3The middle burst size curve of nitrogen in soil;
Fig. 6 is the release rate profile of nitrogen in soil in the different coating consumption slow-release carbamides;
Fig. 7 is the influence column diagram of slow-release carbamide different amounts to utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
Embodiment 1:
The granularity that the salable product granular urea that Daqing Petrochemical Complex is produced sieves into φ 2.00～3.00mm is with leaving and taking 10kg after the platform balance metering; Get the analytical pure polyvinyl acetate (PVA) 0.1kg that Sanwei Pharmacy Co., Shanghai's Zhangjiang Fine Chemical Works is produced, the analytical pure methyl alcohol 0.4kg that the Beijing Chemical Plant produces, polyvinyl acetate (PVA) is stirred while adding heating for dissolving in methyl alcohol, solvent temperature is 120 ℃, all measure with platform balance the dissolving back, and the quantity that evaporable methyl alcohol is complemented to before volatilizing obtains coating solution.
Above-mentioned granular urea is placed coating pan, and the coating pan rotating speed is made as 200 rev/mins, and the coating temperature is made as 60 ℃; Simultaneously with above-mentioned coating solution with spray gun to granular urea intermittent spraying in the coating pan, gases used pressure is 2 normal atmosphere in the spray gun, promptly finish coating and oven dry after having sprayed coating solution with 1.5 hours, with the granularity that coated granule urea sieves into φ 2.00～3.00mm, package spare with woven bag behind every accumulation 25kg.
Embodiment 2:
The granularity that the salable product granular urea that Daqing Petrochemical Complex is produced sieves into φ 2.00～3.00mm is with leaving and taking 10kg after the platform balance metering; Get the analytical pure polyvinyl acetate (PVA) 0.31kg that Sanwei Pharmacy Co., Shanghai's Zhangjiang Fine Chemical Works is produced, the analytical pure methyl alcohol 1.24kg that the Beijing Chemical Plant produces, polyvinyl acetate (PVA) is stirred while adding heating for dissolving in methyl alcohol, solvent temperature is 150 ℃, all measure with platform balance the dissolving back, and the quantity that evaporable methyl alcohol is complemented to before volatilizing obtains coating solution.
Above-mentioned granular urea is placed coating pan, and the coating pan rotating speed is made as 200 rev/mins, and the coating temperature is made as 70 ℃; Simultaneously with above-mentioned coating solution with spray gun to granular urea intermittent spraying in the coating pan, gases used pressure is 3 normal atmosphere in the spray gun, promptly finish coating and oven dry after having sprayed coating solution with 2.5 hours, with the granularity that coated granule urea sieves into φ 2.00～3.00mm, package spare with woven bag behind every accumulation 25kg.
Embodiment 3:
The granularity that the salable product granular urea that Daqing Petrochemical Complex is produced sieves into φ 2.00～3.00mm is with leaving and taking 10kg after the platform balance metering; Get the analytical pure polyvinyl acetate (PVA) 0.2041kg that Sanwei Pharmacy Co., Shanghai's Zhangjiang Fine Chemical Works is produced, the analytical pure methyl alcohol 0.8164kg that the Beijing Chemical Plant produces, polyvinyl acetate (PVA) is stirred while adding heating for dissolving in methyl alcohol, solvent temperature is 135 ℃, all measure with platform balance the dissolving back, and the quantity that evaporable methyl alcohol is complemented to before volatilizing obtains coating solution.
Above-mentioned granular urea is placed coating pan, and the coating pan rotating speed is made as 200 rev/mins, and the coating temperature is made as 65 ℃; Simultaneously with above-mentioned coating solution with spray gun to granular urea intermittent spraying in the coating pan, gases used pressure is 2.5 normal atmosphere in the spray gun, promptly finish coating and oven dry after having sprayed coating solution with 2 hours, with the granularity that coated granule urea sieves into φ 2.00～3.00mm, package spare with woven bag behind every accumulation 25kg.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of slow-release carbamide contains granular urea and coating materials high molecular polymer, and it is characterized in that: described high molecular polymer is a polyvinyl acetate (PVA), and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and granular urea proportioning by weight is 1～3.1: 100.
2, slow-release carbamide as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and granular urea proportioning by weight is 2.041: 100.
3, the making method of slow-release carbamide as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that:
A) granular urea is sieved into the granularity of φ 2.00～3.00mm;
B) the coated fertilizer polyvinyl acetate (PVA) is made dissolution with solvents with methyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and methyl alcohol proportioning by weight is 1: 4, and the dissolved temperature is 120～150 ℃, and evaporable methyl alcohol is complemented to the preceding quantity of volatilization, obtains coating solution;
C) with above a), b) raw material that obtains of step after the proportioning,, makes after drying, screening and the packing the granular urea coating with coating solution by weight.
4, the making method of slow-release carbamide as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the equipment that coating adopts is coating pan, the processing condition of coating are 60～70 ℃ of coating temperature, 200 rev/mins of coating pan rotating speeds, the gun spraying of coating solution, 2～3 normal atmosphere of gases used pressure sprayed with 1.5～2.5 hours.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100109725A CN1304338C (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2004-07-01 | Slow releasing urea and its producing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100109725A CN1304338C (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2004-07-01 | Slow releasing urea and its producing method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1715253A CN1715253A (en) | 2006-01-04 |
| CN1304338C true CN1304338C (en) | 2007-03-14 |
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ID=35821456
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100109725A Expired - Fee Related CN1304338C (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2004-07-01 | Slow releasing urea and its producing method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1304338C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108752105B (en) * | 2018-07-15 | 2021-05-14 | 秦皇岛天鼎化工有限公司 | Multilayer coated slow-release fertilizer |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87105398A (en) * | 1986-07-07 | 1988-01-27 | 窒素公司 | Degradation property mulch film fertilizer |
| KR890002550B1 (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1989-07-18 | 한국과학기술원 | Method for preparation of granular fertilizer |
| CN1214667A (en) * | 1996-02-02 | 1999-04-21 | Basf公司 | Granulate mixtures consisting of coated and non-coated fertiliser granulates |
-
2004
- 2004-07-01 CN CNB2004100109725A patent/CN1304338C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87105398A (en) * | 1986-07-07 | 1988-01-27 | 窒素公司 | Degradation property mulch film fertilizer |
| KR890002550B1 (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1989-07-18 | 한국과학기술원 | Method for preparation of granular fertilizer |
| CN1214667A (en) * | 1996-02-02 | 1999-04-21 | Basf公司 | Granulate mixtures consisting of coated and non-coated fertiliser granulates |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1715253A (en) | 2006-01-04 |
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