CN113749036A - Bionic pond and method for breeding northeast crawfish - Google Patents
Bionic pond and method for breeding northeast crawfish Download PDFInfo
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- CN113749036A CN113749036A CN202111144971.XA CN202111144971A CN113749036A CN 113749036 A CN113749036 A CN 113749036A CN 202111144971 A CN202111144971 A CN 202111144971A CN 113749036 A CN113749036 A CN 113749036A
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 15
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238421 Arthropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000872367 Cambaroides dauricus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252185 Cobitidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238559 Macrobrachium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000058338 Macrobrachium nipponense Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000236458 Panicum colonum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015225 Panicum colonum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bionic pond for breeding northeast crawfish, which comprises: side ridges, a water inlet, a water outlet, escape-proof grids and pool stems; the pond stem is provided with a water flowing port, and a water flowing region, a slow flowing region and a still water region are formed in the pond through staggered arrangement of two adjacent water inlets of the water inlet, the water flowing port and the water outlet; the pond is in a distance shape, and the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively arranged at the positions close to two adjacent corners or opposite corners; the water flow direction is in a fold line shape; hidden habitats are arranged at the side ridges and/or the pool peduncles; the constructed breeding pond is clear in water quality, high in dissolved oxygen, cool and flowing water, the crawfish grows in the breeding pond close to the natural environment, and the breeding survival rate of the crawfish is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a bionic pond and a method for breeding northeast crawfish.
Background
Northeast crawfish (Cambaroides dauricus) belongs to the family of arthropods, class of Soft-shelled turtle, order of decapod, crawfish family, genus crawfish, is one of world freshwater crawfish, and is named as northeast crawfish, lobster, northeast crawfish, Macrobrachium, and crawfish.
The crawfish has fresh meat, rich nutrition and unique flavor. Compared with other aquatic products, the muscle content of crawfish in northeast is lower than that of loach, mullet, bream and river crab, indicating that the meat is tender and easy to digest; the average content of crude protein is higher than that of mullet, finless eel, turtle, macrobrachium nipponensis, river crab and bream. A crawfish grown in natural water has developed liver embedded in scalp and breast, is known as "yellow" and has special flavor, and has crude fat content of 24.71-29.36%.
Northeast crawfish has been widely used in intermontane stream in northeast and in wide waters of Heilongjiang, Songhua and Liaohe river basin. Before the eighties of the last century, the method can be captured in mountain stream in northeast regions and in riparian seams of rivers such as Heilongjiang, Songhua and Liaohe river basin. Since crawfish has severe requirements for environment, it is difficult to see the shadow of crawfish in rivers of plain area and in mountainous areas with dense population due to human intervention and wide use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the eighties of the last century. At present, according to different specifications, the market price of northeast crawfish is 700 yuan/kg, and the breeding prospect is very wide.
Great economic benefit exists in breeding northeast crawfish, and most of breeding households begin to breed the northeast crawfish, but most of the breeding failures are caused by the fact that the breeding pond environment cannot meet the growth requirement of the northeast crawfish, so that the northeast crawfish cannot grow normally and dies gradually.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a biomimetic pond and a method for breeding northeast crawfish.
An ecological pond for culturing northeast crawfish comprises: the side ridge (1), the water inlet (2), the water outlet (3), the escape-proof grid (4) and the pool stalk (5); the pool stem (5) is provided with a water flowing port, and a water flowing area, a slow flowing area and a still water area are formed in the pool through staggered arrangement of two adjacent water inlets of the water inlet (2), the water flowing port and the water outlet (3);
the pond is in a distance shape, and the water inlet (2) and the water outlet (3) are respectively arranged at the positions close to two adjacent corners or opposite corners; the water flow direction is in a fold line shape;
hidden habitats are arranged at the side ridges (1) and/or the pool stems (5);
coral sand or calcium carbonate stone with the thickness of 3-5 cm is paved at the bottom of the pond;
the water hardness in the pond is above 27 ℃; controlling the water temperature below 28 ℃;
the transparency of the pond is always kept above 50 cm, and the dissolved oxygen is above 6 mg/L;
the hidden habitat is pebbles and/or broken brick tiles which are arranged on the side ridges (1), slopes of the pond stems (5) and the bottom of the 2/3 pond, and a small amount of branches or aquatic vegetation is laid on the periphery of the culture pond;
the diameter of the pebble and/or broken brick tiles is about 5-15 cm, and the laying thickness is 20 cm.
A method for culturing northeast crawfish comprises:
1) constructing the northeast crawfish breeding pond; sterilizing before water injection;
2) injecting water to keep the water fresh, wherein the transparency is more than 50 cm; the dissolved oxygen is always above 6 mg/L; the water temperature is below 28 ℃; micro running water can exist all the year round; the water hardness is more than 27 ℃;
3) feeding crawfish in northeast to feed for artificial culture;
4) during high-temperature seasons, a sunshade net is built on the culture pond to ensure that the water temperature of the culture pond is lower than 28 ℃;
the feed comprises soybean, corn and chicken intestine.
The invention provides a bionic pond for breeding northeast crawfish, which comprises: the side ridge (1), the water inlet (2), the water outlet (3), the escape-proof grid (4) and the pool stalk (5); the pool stem (5) is provided with a water flowing port, and a water flowing area, a slow flowing area and a still water area are formed in the pool through staggered arrangement of two adjacent water inlets of the water inlet (2), the water flowing port and the water outlet (3); the pond is in a distance shape, and the water inlet (2) and the water outlet (3) are respectively arranged at the positions close to two adjacent corners or opposite corners; the water flow direction is in a fold line shape; hidden habitats are arranged at the side ridges (1) and/or the pool stems (5); the constructed breeding pond is clear in water quality, high in dissolved oxygen, cool and flowing water, the crawfish grows in the breeding pond close to the natural environment, and the breeding survival rate of the crawfish is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first breeding pond for breeding a crawfish in northeast;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second breeding pond for breeding a crawfish in northeast;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a coupled-row type cultivation pond for cultivating a northeast crawfish;
(in the figure, 1 side ridge, 2 water inlet, 3 water outlet, 4 escape-proof grid and 5 pool ridge).
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, an ecological imitation pond for breeding northeast crawfish builds a ridge 1 of the breeding pond to make the pond rectangular, preferably with an area of 1000 and 1500 square meters; the side banks 1 of the aquaculture pond with the short edges at the two sides of the pond are respectively provided with a water inlet 2 and a water outlet 3, so that the water inlet 2 and the water outlet 3 are arranged at the positions, close to two diagonal lines, of the pond;
the side banks 1 are provided with escape-proof grids 4; a plurality of rows of pond stalks 5 are also arranged in the culture pond; the middle part of each row of the pond peduncles 5 is provided with a water flowing port, and the two ends of each row of the pond peduncles 5 are plugged at the side ridges 1 of the culture pond; the water flowing ports of the adjacent pond stems 5 are staggered; dividing the interior of the aquaculture pond into a pond ridge water blocking area and an aquaculture area; the half-section type ridges 5 arranged in the culture pond are mainly used for blocking water flow, so that water flow areas, slow flow areas and static water areas are formed in the culture pond and are used for adapting to different requirements of the northeast crawfish on water body flow in different growth periods;
coral sand and/or calcium carbonate stone with the thickness of 3-5 cm are/is paved at the bottom of the culture pond pool; the water hardness in the aquaculture pond is above 27 ℃; is favorable for removing shells of northeast crawfish;
the water temperature in the aquaculture pond is controlled below 28 ℃, the transparency is always kept above 50 cm, and the dissolved oxygen is always kept above 6 mg/L;
pebbles and/or broken brick tiles and the like with the thickness of 20 cm and the diameter of about 5-15 cm are paved on the slopes of the side ridge 1 and the pool stalk 5 (around the pool) and the bottom of the two thirds of the pool, and a small amount of branches or aquatic vegetation is paved on the periphery of the culture pool, so that a good hiding habitat is provided for northeast crawfish.
Referring to FIG. 2, an ecological imitation pond for breeding northeast crawfish is constructed by constructing ridge 1 of breeding pond to make the pond rectangular with area of 1000 and 1500 square meters; the side banks 1 of the aquaculture pond with the short edges at the two sides of the pond are respectively provided with a water inlet 2 and a water outlet 3; the water inlet 2 and the water outlet 3 are oppositely arranged at two sides of the pond;
the side banks 1 are provided with escape-proof grids 4; a plurality of rows of pond stalks 5 are also arranged in the culture pond; the middle part of each row of the pond stems 5 is provided with a water flowing port, and the two ends of each row of the pond stems 5 are blocked at the side ridges 1; the water flowing ports of the adjacent pond stems 5 are staggered; dividing the interior of the aquaculture pond into a pond ridge water blocking area and an aquaculture area; the half-section type ridges 5 arranged in the pond are mainly used for blocking water flow, so that water flow areas, slow flow areas and static water areas are formed in the pond and are used for adapting to different requirements of the northeast crawfish on water flow in different growth periods;
coral sand and/or calcium carbonate stone with the thickness of 3-5 cm are/is paved at the bottom of the culture pond; the water hardness in the pond is above 27 ℃; is favorable for removing shells of northeast crawfish;
the water temperature in the aquaculture pond is controlled below 28 ℃, the transparency is always kept above 50 cm, and the dissolved oxygen is always kept above 6 mg/L;
pebbles and/or broken brick tiles with the thickness of 20 cm and the diameter of about 5-15 cm are paved on the side ridge 1, the slope of the pool stalk 5 (around the pool) and the bottom of two thirds of the pool, and a small amount of branches or aquatic vegetation are paved on the periphery of the culture pool, so that a good hiding habitat is provided for northeast crawfish.
Example 3 Row type bionic Pond
Referring to fig. 3, a coupled ecological simulation pond adopts the ecological simulation ponds in the embodiment 1 and/or the embodiment 2, a first pond and a second pond are sequentially connected, and the connection part of the first pond and the second pond shares a same side ridge 1; the water outlet 3 of the first pond is connected with the water inlet 2 of the second pond; an anti-escape grid 4 is arranged between the water outlet 3 of the first pond and the water inlet 2 of the second pond and on the side ridge 1 of the public aquaculture pond; two pond culture areas are isolated.
The biomimetic ponds described in examples 1-3 have their water inlets 2 and outlets 3 connected to water purification tanks or facilities, respectively.
Design description:
northeast crawfish belongs to cold water aquatic animals, has high requirements on water source and water quality, and prefers water with clear water quality, high dissolved oxygen and cold water temperature in natural water area; therefore, a slightly cold water-based pond with little running water is selected for cultivation, the pond water is fresh during cultivation, the transparency is always kept above 50 cm, the dissolved oxygen is always kept above 6 mg/L, and the water temperature is below 28 ℃. In high-temperature seasons, a sunshade net is built on the culture pond, so that the direct sunlight intensity is reduced, the water temperature of the culture pond is always lower than 28 ℃, and the effect is good.
The crawfish is usually like to live in gaps between stones at the bottom of river bed or pond, in shallow water grass on the bank or under tree roots, pebbles and broken tiles with the diameter of 5-15 cm and the thickness of 20 cm are laid on the slope around the pond and at the bottom of two thirds of the pond, and a small number of branches are laid on the periphery of the pond, so that a good hidden place for crawfish in northeast and north is provided, and the survival rate of crawfish breeding is greatly improved.
The water hardness required for normal growth of northeast crawfish is more than 27 degrees; and coral sand or calcium carbonate with a thickness of 3-5 cm is laid at the bottom of the culture pond, and the water flow rate of the pond is slowed by the staggered distribution of the water flow ports of the pond stem 5 and the pond stem 5, so that the water hardness of the pond is always above 27 degrees, and the safety shelling of the northeast crawfish is ensured, thereby breaking through the key technology for culturing the northeast crawfish and ensuring the success of culturing the northeast crawfish.
Example 4
Constructing a northeast crawfish breeding pond in the east of Jilin province according to the embodiment 1 for large-scale artificial breeding; putting into northeast crawfish with average weight of 5.1 g/tail, and culturing for 4 months with soybean, corn and chicken intestine as feed to obtain commercial crawfish with average weight of 26.6 g/tail. The method can obtain 90000 yuan per mu of aquaculture pond, and obtain about 45000 yuan per mu of aquaculture pond on average, so that the economic benefit is considerable.
From the production experiment result, the crawfish breeding pond is suitable for large-scale artificial breeding of crawfish in northeast.
The invention changes the traditional soil pond aquaculture mode, intervenes in the water temperature and water quality of the aquaculture water artificially under the conditions of simplicity, convenience and easy operation and extremely small increase of input, changes the soil pond which is not suitable for breeding the northeast crawfish into a pond which is suitable for breeding the northeast crawfish, and obtains excellent economic benefit.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological-imitating pond for breeding northeast crawfish, which is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps; the side ridge (1), the water inlet (2), the water outlet (3), the escape-proof grid (4) and the pool stalk (5); the pool stem (5) is provided with a water flowing port, and a water flowing area, a slow flowing area and a static water area are formed in the pool through staggered arrangement of two adjacent water inlets of the water inlet (2), the water flowing port and the water outlet (3).
2. The bionic pond for breeding a northeast crawfish according to claim 1, wherein: the pond is in a distance shape, and the water inlet (2) and the water outlet (3) are respectively arranged at the positions close to two adjacent corners or opposite corners; the water flow direction is in a fold line shape.
3. The bionic pond for breeding a northeast crawfish according to claim 2, wherein: hidden habitats are arranged at the side ridges (1) and/or the pool peduncles (5).
4. The biomimetic pond for breeding northeast crawfish according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: coral sand or calcium carbonate stone with the thickness of 3-5 cm is paved at the bottom of the pond.
5. The bionic pond for breeding northeast crawfish according to claim 4, wherein: the water hardness in the pond is above 27 ℃; the water temperature is controlled below 28 ℃.
6. The biomimetic pond for breeding northeast crawfish according to claim 5, characterized in that: the transparency of the pond is always kept above 50 cm, and the dissolved oxygen is above 6 mg/L.
7. The biomimetic pond for breeding northeast crawfish according to claim 6, wherein: the hidden habitat is pebbles and/or broken brick tiles, the pebbles and/or the broken brick tiles are arranged on the side ridges (1), slopes of the pond stems (5) and the bottom of the 2/3 pond, and a small amount of branches or aquatic vegetation is laid around the culture pond.
8. The biomimetic pond for breeding northeast crawfish according to claim 7, wherein: the diameter of the pebble and/or broken brick tiles is about 5-15 cm, and the laying thickness is 20 cm.
9. A method for culturing northeast crawfish comprises: it comprises the following steps;
1) constructing an ecological imitation pond for breeding northeast crawfish of claim 1; sterilizing before water injection;
2) injecting water to keep the water fresh, wherein the transparency is more than 50 cm; the dissolved oxygen is always above 6 mg/L; the water temperature is below 28 ℃; micro running water can exist all the year round; the water hardness is more than 27 ℃;
3) feeding crawfish in northeast to feed for artificial culture;
4) in high-temperature seasons, a sunshade net is built on the culture pond to ensure that the water temperature of the culture pond is lower than 28 ℃.
10. The crawfish breeding method as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the feed comprises soybean, corn and chicken intestine.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111144971.XA CN113749036B (en) | 2021-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Bionic pond and method for culturing crawfish |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111144971.XA CN113749036B (en) | 2021-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Bionic pond and method for culturing crawfish |
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| CN113749036A true CN113749036A (en) | 2021-12-07 |
| CN113749036B CN113749036B (en) | 2023-09-19 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115119783A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-09-30 | 长春市水产品质量安全检测中心 | Artificial cultivation method of crawfish stone |
| CN115380855A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-25 | 长春市水产品质量安全检测中心 | Method for breeding northeast crawfish in high density by using flowing water in cement pond |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106305556A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 淮安市苏泽生态农业有限公司 | Organic ecological culture method for river crab pond |
| CN211657181U (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-10-13 | 福鼎朝辉水产开发有限公司 | Pond is cultivated to a shrimp young shrimp |
| CN113170755A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-07-27 | 北京市水产科学研究所（国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心） | Factory-like fish recirculating aquaculture system |
-
2021
- 2021-09-28 CN CN202111144971.XA patent/CN113749036B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106305556A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 淮安市苏泽生态农业有限公司 | Organic ecological culture method for river crab pond |
| CN211657181U (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-10-13 | 福鼎朝辉水产开发有限公司 | Pond is cultivated to a shrimp young shrimp |
| CN113170755A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-07-27 | 北京市水产科学研究所（国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心） | Factory-like fish recirculating aquaculture system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张希: "东北喇蛄人工养殖技术要点" * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115119783A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-09-30 | 长春市水产品质量安全检测中心 | Artificial cultivation method of crawfish stone |
| CN115119783B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2024-04-09 | 长春市水产品质量安全检测中心 | Artificial cultivation method for crawfish |
| CN115380855A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-25 | 长春市水产品质量安全检测中心 | Method for breeding northeast crawfish in high density by using flowing water in cement pond |
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| CN113749036B (en) | 2023-09-19 |
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