CN113749036B - Bionic pond and method for culturing crawfish - Google Patents
Bionic pond and method for culturing crawfish Download PDFInfo
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- CN113749036B CN113749036B CN202111144971.XA CN202111144971A CN113749036B CN 113749036 B CN113749036 B CN 113749036B CN 202111144971 A CN202111144971 A CN 202111144971A CN 113749036 B CN113749036 B CN 113749036B
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- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 244000132059 Carica parviflora Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241001519451 Abramis brama Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017159 Crataegus pinnatifida Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000657480 Crataegus pinnatifida Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 5-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-[4-[(2r)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-1-oxo-3h-2-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-4-methyl-3h-2-benzofuran-1-one Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OCC2=C(C)C([C@@H](O)CN2CCN(CC2)C[C@H](O)C2=CC=C3C(=O)OCC3=C2C)=C1 OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238421 Arthropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000872367 Cambaroides dauricus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252185 Cobitidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014493 Crataegus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001092040 Crataegus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000058338 Macrobrachium nipponense Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001502129 Mullus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000028804 PERCHING syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000236458 Panicum colonum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015225 Panicum colonum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000269799 Perca fluviatilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238028 Procambarus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bionic pond for culturing crawfish, which comprises the following steps: the side ridge, the water inlet, the water outlet, the escape-proof grid and Chi Geng; the pool peduncles are provided with water inlets, and a running water area, a slow flow area and a still water area are formed in the pool through staggered arrangement of the water inlets, the water inlets and the water outlets; the pond is in a distance shape, and the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively arranged at positions close to two adjacent corners or opposite corners; the water flow direction is in a zigzag shape; a hidden habitat is arranged at the side ridge and/or the pool stem; the constructed culture pond has clear water quality, high dissolved oxygen, coolness and running water, so that the crawfish grows in the culture pond close to the natural environment, and the culture survival rate of crawfish in northeast is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a bionic pond and a method for culturing crawfish northeast.
Background
The northeast crawfish (Cambaroides dauricus) belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, class Soft A, order Crataegus, family Procambaraceae, genus Procambarus, is one of the world freshwater crayfish, and is commonly known as crayfish, stone crab, crayfish, lobster, changbai mountain lobster, northeast crayfish, grass crayfish, etc.
The crayfish has fresh and tender meat quality, rich nutrition and unique flavor. Compared with other aquatic products, the muscle of the northeast crawfish has lower crude fat content than loach, pike, bream and river crab, which indicates that the meat quality is tender and easy to digest; and the average content of crude protein is higher than that of the mullet, finless eel, soft-shelled turtle, macrobrachium nipponensis, river crab and bream. Northeast crawfish grown in natural water has very developed liver and is embedded in the head and chest armor, and is called yellow, which is the special flavor of crawfish, and has crude fat content as high as 24.71-29.36%.
The northeast crawfish was once widely found in the vast water areas of mountain streams, heilongjiang, pinghuajiang and Liaohe river areas in northeast areas. Prior to the eighties of the last century, it was often captured in mountain streams in northeast China and in the coastal rock joints of rivers in Heilongjiang, pinghuajiang and Liaohe river basin. Because of the severe requirements of crawlers on living environments, the crawlers are difficult to see in rivers in plain areas and in some densely populated mountain areas by the intervention of human beings and the wide use of pesticides and fertilizers by the last eighties of the last century. At present, the market price of crawfish is 300-700 yuan/kg according to different specifications, and the breeding prospect is very wide.
There is a great economic benefit in breeding crawfish, and many farmers begin to breed crawfish, but most of them fail to grow, mainly because the environment of the breeding pond cannot meet the growth requirement of crawfish, so that crawfish cannot grow normally and die gradually.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a bionic pond and a method for culturing crawfish.
A biomimetic pond for culturing crawfish comprising: the side ridge (1), the water inlet (2), the water outlet (3), the escape-proof grid (4) and the Chi Geng (5); the pool peduncles (5) are provided with water inlets, and a running water area, a slow flow area and a still water area are formed in the pool through staggered arrangement of the water inlets (2), the water inlets and the water outlets (3);
the pond is in a distance shape, and the water inlet (2) and the water outlet (3) are respectively arranged at positions close to two adjacent corners or opposite corners; the water flow direction is in a zigzag shape;
a hidden habitat is arranged at the side ridge (1) and/or the pool peduncles (5);
paving coral sand or calcium carbonate stone with the thickness of 3-5 cm at the bottom of the pond;
the hardness of water in the pond is more than 27 ℃; the water temperature is controlled below 28 ℃;
the transparency of the pond is always kept above 50 cm, and the dissolved oxygen is above 6 mg/L;
the hidden habitat is pebbles and/or broken brick tiles which are arranged on the slopes of the side ridges (1) and Chi Geng (5) and the bottom of the 2/3 pool, and a small amount of branches or aquatic vegetation is laid around the culture pool;
the diameter of the pebble and/or broken brick tile is about 5-15 cm, and the paving thickness is 20 cm.
A method for culturing crawfish, comprising:
1) Building the northeast crawfish culture pond; disinfecting before water injection;
2) Injecting water to keep the water quality fresh, and the transparency is more than 50 cm; dissolved oxygen is always above 6 mg/L; the water temperature is below 28 ℃; can have micro-flowing water throughout the year; the hardness of water is above 27 ℃;
3) Feeding crawfish to feed for artificial culture;
4) In a high-temperature season, building a sunshade net on a loose stool of the culture pond, so that the water temperature of the culture pond is lower than 28 ℃;
the feed is soybean, corn and chicken intestine.
The invention provides a bionic pond for culturing northeast crawfish, which comprises: the side ridge (1), the water inlet (2), the water outlet (3), the escape-proof grid (4) and the Chi Geng (5); the pool peduncles (5) are provided with water inlets, and a running water area, a slow flow area and a still water area are formed in the pool through staggered arrangement of the water inlets (2), the water inlets and the water outlets (3); the pond is in a distance shape, and the water inlet (2) and the water outlet (3) are respectively arranged at positions close to two adjacent corners or opposite corners; the water flow direction is in a zigzag shape; a hidden habitat is arranged at the side ridge (1) and/or the pool peduncles (5); the constructed culture pond has clear water quality, high dissolved oxygen, coolness and running water, so that the crawfish grows in the culture pond close to the natural environment, and the culture survival rate of crawfish in northeast is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a first type of a biomimetic pond for the cultivation of northeast crawfish;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a second type of a biomimetic pond for culturing northeast crawfish;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tandem culture pond for use in a biomimetic pond for culturing northeast crawfish;
(in the figure, 1 side ridge, 2 water inlet, 3 water outlet, 4 escape-proof grating and 5 pool stems).
Detailed Description
Example 1A biomimetic pond for the cultivation of North-east crawfish
Referring to FIG. 1, a bionic pond for cultivating crawfish is shown, a side ridge 1 of the cultivation pond is built, the pond is rectangular, and the area is preferably 1000-1500 square meters; a water inlet 2 and a water outlet 3 are respectively arranged on the side ridges 1 of the culture pond at the short sides of the two sides of the pond, so that the water inlet 2 and the water outlet 3 are positioned at the positions of the two adjacent diagonal lines of the pond;
an escape-proof grid 4 is arranged at the side ridge 1; a plurality of rows of pool stems 5 are also arranged in the culture pond; the middle part of each row of pool peduncles 5 is provided with a water flowing port, and two ends of each pool peduncles 5 are blocked at the side ridge 1 of the culture pond; the water inlets of the adjacent pool stems 5 are staggered; the aquaculture pond is divided into a ridge water blocking area and an aquaculture area; the plurality of half-section pond ridges 5 arranged in the culture pond are mainly used for blocking water flow, so that a water flowing area, a slow flow area and a still water area are formed in the culture pond and are used for adapting to different requirements of different growing periods of the northeast crawlers on water body flow;
paving coral sand and/or calcium carbonate stone with the thickness of 3-5 cm at the bottom of the culture pond; the hardness of water in the culture pond is more than 27 ℃; is beneficial for shelling crawfish;
the water temperature in the culture pond is controlled below 28 ℃, the transparency is always kept above 50 cm, and the dissolved oxygen is always kept above 6 mg/L;
the side ridge 1, the slope of the pool peduncles 5 (around the pond) and the two thirds of the pool bottom are paved with pebbles and/or broken brick tiles with the thickness of 20 cm and the diameter of about 5 cm to 15 cm, and a small amount of branches or aquatic vegetation is paved around the cultivation pool, so that a good hidden habitat is provided for the crawfish in northeast China.
Example 2A biomimetic pond for the cultivation of North-east crawfish
Referring to FIG. 2, a bionic pond for cultivating crawfish is shown, and a side ridge 1 of the cultivation pond is built, so that the pond is rectangular, and the area is preferably 1000-1500 square meters; a water inlet 2 and a water outlet 3 are respectively arranged on the side ridges 1 of the culture pond at the short sides of the two sides of the pond; the water inlet 2 and the water outlet 3 are oppositely arranged at two sides of the pond;
an escape-proof grid 4 is arranged at the side ridge 1; a plurality of rows of pool stems 5 are also arranged in the culture pond; the middle part of each row of pool peduncles 5 is provided with a water flowing port, and two ends of each pool peduncles 5 are blocked at the edge ridge 1; the water inlets of the adjacent pool stems 5 are staggered; the aquaculture pond is divided into a ridge water blocking area and an aquaculture area; the plurality of half-section pond ridges 5 arranged in the pond are mainly used for blocking water flow, so that a water flowing area, a slow flow area and a still water area are formed in the pond and are used for adapting to different requirements of different growing periods of the northeast crawfish on water body flow;
the bottom of the culture pond is paved with coral sand and/or calcium carbonate stone with the thickness of 3-5 cm; the hardness of water in the pond is more than 27 ℃; is beneficial for shelling crawfish;
the water temperature in the culture pond is controlled below 28 ℃, the transparency is always kept above 50 cm, and the dissolved oxygen is always kept above 6 mg/L;
the side ridges 1 and the pond stems 5 (around the pond) of the culture pond and the two-thirds pond bottom are paved with pebbles and/or broken brick tiles with the thickness of 20 cm and the diameter of about 5-15 cm, and a small amount of branches or aquatic vegetation is paved around the culture pond, so that a good hidden habitat is provided for the crawfish in northeast China.
Example 3 parallel-arranged type ecological pond
Referring to fig. 3, a combined bionic pond is shown, which adopts the bionic ponds in embodiment 1 and/or embodiment 2, the first pond and the second pond are sequentially connected, and the same side ridge 1 is shared at the connection position; the water outlet 3 of the first pond is connected with the water inlet 2 of the second pond; an escape-preventing grid 4 is arranged between the water outlet 3 of the first pond and the water inlet 2 of the second pond and on the side ridge 1 of the public culture pond; isolating the two pond culture areas.
The biomimetic ponds described in embodiments 1 to 3, the water inlet 2 and the water outlet 3 of which can be connected to a water purification pond or a purified water facility, respectively.
Design description:
aquatic animals with chilling water in northeast crawfish have high requirements on water source and water quality, and water bodies with clear water quality, high dissolved oxygen and chilling water temperature are preferred in natural water areas; therefore, when in cultivation, a slightly cold water-based pond with micro-flowing water is selected for cultivation, when in cultivation, the pond water is fresh, the transparency is always kept above 50 cm, the dissolved oxygen is always kept above 6 mg/L, and the water temperature is below 28 ℃. In high-temperature seasons, a sunshade net is built on loose soil of the culture pond, so that the direct sunlight intensity is reduced, the water temperature of the culture pond is always lower than 28 ℃, and the effect is good.
The northeast crawlers like to perch in the river bed or the gaps among stone at the bottom of the pond, in shallow water grass at the bank or under tree roots at ordinary times, 20 cm thick pebbles, broken brick tiles and the like with the diameters of 5-15 cm are paved on the slope around the pond and two thirds of the pond bottom, a small number of branches are paved around the pond, a good hidden perching place is provided for the northeast crawlers, and the cultivation survival rate of the northeast crawlers is greatly improved.
The hardness of water is above 27 degree for normal growth of crawfish; firstly, coral sand or calcium carbonate with the thickness of 3-5 cm is paved at the bottom of the culture pond, and the water flow ports on the pond stems 5 and the pond stems 5 are staggered, so that the water flow rate of the pond is slow, the water hardness of the pond is always above 27 ℃, and the northeast crawfish is ensured to be safely unshelling, thereby breaking through the key technology for culturing the northeast crawfish and enabling the northeast crawfish to be successfully cultured.
Example 4
Constructing a crawfish culturing pond in the eastern part of Jilin province in the manner of example 1, and performing large-scale artificial culture; feeding the crawfish with average weight of 5.1 g/tail, and culturing for more than 4 months by using semen glycines, semen Maydis and chicken intestine as feed to obtain crawfish with average weight of 26.6 g/tail. The pure benefit is obtained in the 2 mu cultivation pond for 90000 yuan, the average pure benefit is obtained for 45000 yuan per mu, and the economic benefit is quite considerable.
From the results of production experiments, the cultivation pond for crawfish is suitable for large-scale artificial cultivation of crawfish.
The invention changes the traditional soil pond aquiculture mode, and under the conditions of simple and easy implementation and extremely small investment, the water temperature and water quality of the culture water body are manually interfered, so that the soil pond which is not suitable for culturing the northeast crataegus pinnatifida is changed into a pond which is suitable for culturing the northeast crataegus pinnatifida, and the invention obtains extremely good economic benefit.
Claims (5)
1. A biomimetic pond for culturing crawfish, characterized in that: the device comprises a side ridge (1), a water inlet (2), a water outlet (3), an escape-proof grid (4) and a pool ridge (5); an escape-proof grid (4) is arranged at the edge ridge (1); a plurality of rows of pond ridges (5) are also arranged in the bionic pond; the middle part of each row of pond ridges (5) is provided with water flow ports, two ends of each pond ridge (5) are plugged at the side ridges (1) of the bionic pond, the water flow ports of the adjacent pond ridges (5) are staggered to each other, so that the bionic pond is divided into a pond ridge water blocking area and an aquaculture area, the pond ridges (5) are used for blocking water flow, and a water flowing area, a slow flow area and a still water area are formed in the bionic pond and are used for adapting to different requirements of different growth periods of the northeast crawfish on water flow; the ecological-like pond has running water;
the bionic pond is rectangular, and the water inlet (2) and the water outlet (3) are respectively arranged at positions close to two adjacent corners or opposite corners; the water flow direction is in a zigzag shape;
a hidden habitat is arranged at the side ridge (1) and/or the pool ridge (5);
paving coral sand or calcium carbonate stone with the thickness of 3-5 cm at the bottom of the bionic pond;
the hidden habitat is pebbles and/or broken brick tiles, the pebbles and/or the broken brick tiles are arranged on slopes of the edge ridge (1) and the pool ridge (5) and 2/3 pool bottoms, and a small amount of branches or aquatic vegetation is laid around the bionic pond;
the diameter of the pebble and/or broken brick tile is 5-15 cm, and the paving thickness is 20 cm;
the ecological pond is sequentially connected, and the same side ridge (1) is shared at the connection part; the water outlet (3) of the former bionic pond is connected with the water inlet (2) of the latter bionic pond; an escape-proof grid (4) is arranged between a water outlet (3) of the former bionic pond and a water inlet (2) of the latter bionic pond and on a side ridge (1) of the public bionic pond and is used for isolating two bionic pond culture areas.
2. The biomimetic pond for culturing crawfish according to claim 1, wherein: the hardness of water in the bionic pond is above 27 ℃; the water temperature is controlled below 28 ℃.
3. The biomimetic pond for culturing crawfish according to claim 2, wherein: the transparency of the bionic pond is always kept above 50 cm, and the dissolved oxygen is above 6 mg/L.
4. A method for culturing crawfish, which is characterized in that: it comprises;
1) Constructing a biomimetic pond for culturing crawfish according to claim 1; disinfecting before water injection;
2) Injecting water to keep the water quality fresh, and the transparency is more than 50 cm; dissolved oxygen is always above 6 mg/L; the water temperature is below 28 ℃; can have micro-flowing water throughout the year; the hardness of water is above 27 ℃;
3) Feeding crawfish to feed for artificial culture;
4) And in a high-temperature season, building a sunshade net on the pond to ensure that the water temperature of the pond is lower than 28 ℃.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the feed is soybean, corn and chicken intestine.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111144971.XA CN113749036B (en) | 2021-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Bionic pond and method for culturing crawfish |
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| CN202111144971.XA CN113749036B (en) | 2021-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Bionic pond and method for culturing crawfish |
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| CN113749036B true CN113749036B (en) | 2023-09-19 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115119783B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2024-04-09 | 长春市水产品质量安全检测中心 | Artificial cultivation method for crawfish |
| CN115380855A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-25 | 长春市水产品质量安全检测中心 | Method for breeding northeast crawfish in high density by using flowing water in cement pond |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106305556A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 淮安市苏泽生态农业有限公司 | Organic ecological culture method for river crab pond |
| CN211657181U (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-10-13 | 福鼎朝辉水产开发有限公司 | Pond is cultivated to a shrimp young shrimp |
| CN113170755A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-07-27 | 北京市水产科学研究所（国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心） | Factory-like fish recirculating aquaculture system |
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2021
- 2021-09-28 CN CN202111144971.XA patent/CN113749036B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106305556A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 淮安市苏泽生态农业有限公司 | Organic ecological culture method for river crab pond |
| CN211657181U (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-10-13 | 福鼎朝辉水产开发有限公司 | Pond is cultivated to a shrimp young shrimp |
| CN113170755A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-07-27 | 北京市水产科学研究所（国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心） | Factory-like fish recirculating aquaculture system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张希.东北喇蛄人工养殖技术要点.科学养鱼.2020,第35-36页. * |
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