CN113748983A - Method for collecting tobacco anther and pollinating - Google Patents
Method for collecting tobacco anther and pollinating Download PDFInfo
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- CN113748983A CN113748983A CN202111225973.1A CN202111225973A CN113748983A CN 113748983 A CN113748983 A CN 113748983A CN 202111225973 A CN202111225973 A CN 202111225973A CN 113748983 A CN113748983 A CN 113748983A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for collecting tobacco anthers and pollinating, and belongs to the technical field of crop breeding. The invention collects the tobacco anther, which comprises the following steps: distributing stamens of the flowers among the comb teeth of the anther auxiliary stripper, pulling the flowers in the opposite direction of the growth of the stamens, and stripping the anthers on the filaments by using the comb teeth; the anther auxiliary stripper comprises a bottom support and comb teeth fixed on the bottom support, and the distance between the comb teeth is 0.8-1.2 mm. According to the pollen collecting device, the male parent anthers are collected through the specially-made anther auxiliary stripper and are aired to disperse pollen, so that the pollen collecting efficiency can be obviously improved, the yield and consistency of the pollen are ensured, and the pollen collecting device is beneficial to subsequent hybrid seed production and pollination.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a method for collecting tobacco anthers and pollinating.
Background
Tobacco is a self-pollinating crop, usually self-pollinated while flowering. In tobacco breeding work, the propagation of hybrid seeds is an important work content. However, tobacco has a low natural crossing rate, and therefore artificial pollination is necessary to obtain hybrid seeds.
There are several artificial pollination modes, and two are more commonly adopted, one is flower-to-flower pollination, and the other is pollen collection and pollen pollination. The flowers pollinate, the flowering phases of two varieties pollinating with each other are consistent, and the amount of the collected flowers is larger; the spotted pollen is mutually pollinated, and the two varieties have little difference in flowering phase. Compared with the pollination of flowers, the pollination efficiency is improved by tens of times, and the acre yield of the hybrid seeds is improved to 20-30 jin from the original 1-2 jin by the current artificial pollination method of intensively applying the spotted pollen.
When the artificial pollination of the spotted pollen is carried out, the pollination tool mainly comprises a writing brush, a cotton swab and a pollination needle in various forms, and a subsequent pollination method of mechanical powder spraying is realized. The pollen collection and manual pollen smearing are adopted, each person pollinates 2400 flowers every day, mechanical powder spraying is adopted, each person can pollinate 45000 flowers every day, the efficiency is improved by 10 times compared with manual pollen smearing, however, the pollen consumption is large by adopting mechanical powder spraying compared with manual pollen smearing, the pollen waste is more, the pollen consumption is about 20 times of the manual pollen smearing, the pollen collection workload is greatly increased, and the efficiency is greatly reduced. In addition, the yield of tobacco seeds is limited by the amount of pollen, the fruit setting size and the seed size of each flower are related to the amount of pollen pollinated by stigma, the pollen germinates faster when the amount of pollen of stigma is larger, the number of seeds generated by fruit setting is larger, and the seeds need to be pollinated more regardless of the type and the number of pollen media to improve the yield of hybrid seeds.
Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of collecting anthers/pollen, reduce the labor intensity, increase the yield and consistency of pollen and ensure the plumpness and consistency of hybrid seeds is a technical problem to be solved in the field of tobacco hybrid seed production at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for collecting tobacco anthers, which is characterized in that male parent anthers are collected by a special anther auxiliary stripper and are aired to loose pollen, so that the pollen collection efficiency can be obviously improved, the yield and consistency of pollen are ensured, and the method is beneficial to subsequent hybrid seed production and pollination.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for collecting tobacco anther comprises distributing stamens of flowers among comb teeth of an anther auxiliary stripper, pulling the flowers in the opposite direction of the growth of the stamens, and stripping anther on filaments by using the comb teeth; the anther auxiliary stripper comprises a bottom support and comb teeth fixed on the bottom support, and the distance between the comb teeth is 0.8-1.2 mm.
Preferably, the number of the comb teeth on the bottom support is 15-20.
Preferably, the comb teeth are 1 row and have the length of 3.0-5.0 cm.
Preferably, the two sides of the comb teeth are fixed with the open crown needles, and the length of the open crown needles is 5.0-7.0 cm.
The invention also aims to provide a tobacco pollination method, which is characterized in that the anther of the flower bud of the male parent is collected by the method for collecting the tobacco anther, and the pollination is carried out aiming at the stigma of the female parent after the pollen is scattered.
Preferably, the anther is placed in a cool and dry place to be aired, and the anther is waited to be naturally powdered.
Preferably, the pollen of the natural loose powder passes through a 50-80 mesh sieve.
More preferably, the pollen is mixed with 20-30% of talcum powder according to the volume.
More preferably, the pollen is stored in an environment of 2-6 ℃.
Preferably, a miniature powder pump pollinator is adopted to aim at the stigma of the female parent for pollination.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for collecting tobacco anthers, which is characterized in that stamens of flowers are distributed among comb teeth of an anther auxiliary stripper, the flowers are pulled along the opposite direction of the growth of the stamens, the anthers on filaments are stripped by the comb teeth, and pollen is collected by the method for pollination. The invention adopts the anther auxiliary stripper with special specification to strip the anther of the male parent, collects pollen in a concentrated way compared with the current artificial method, and has 40 to 50 times higher efficiency than the earliest 'flower-to-flower' seed production method. The pollen collection efficiency can be obviously improved by more than 1 time; adding 20-30% of talcum powder into pollen to be pollinated to prepare solid medium powder, so that the pollination efficiency is improved by 2-3 times; the pollination is carried out by utilizing the micro-powder pump pollination device, the pollination uniformity and efficiency are improved by at least more than 1 time compared with the artificial smearing pollination, and each person can pollinate about 4000 flowers every day.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention relates to an anther auxiliary stripper;
FIG. 2: the invention relates to an anther auxiliary stripper fixed with a crown opening needle.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for collecting tobacco anthers, which is characterized in that stamens of flowers are distributed among comb teeth of an anther auxiliary stripper, the flowers are pulled along the opposite direction of the growth of the stamens, and the anthers on filaments are stripped by the comb teeth.
The anther auxiliary stripper comprises a bottom support and comb teeth fixed on the bottom support, wherein the space between the comb teeth is 0.8-1.2 mm; further preferably, the comb teeth pitch is 1.0 mm.
The invention has no special limitation on the material and the fixing mode of the bottom support and the comb teeth. As an implementation mode, the method selects a wood plate as a bottom support, selects iron nails as comb teeth, and vertically fixes the iron nails on the wood plate to form a row of comb teeth with the interval of 1.0mm, so as to prepare the anther auxiliary stripper.
According to the invention, 1 row of comb teeth on the bottom support of the anther auxiliary stripper is selected preferably, and the number of comb teeth is 15-20; further preferably 17. Preferably, the length of the comb teeth is 3.0-5.0 cm; further preferably 4.0 cm. As shown in fig. 1.
According to the comb, the two sides of the preferred comb teeth are fixedly provided with the crown opening needles. According to the invention, 3-5 coronary needles are preferably arranged on each side; further preferably 4. The length of the open crown needle is preferably 5.0-7.0 cm; further preferably 6.0 cm. The crown opening needles are arranged in 1 row and are spaced from the comb teeth by 2-3 cm. As shown in fig. 2. The material of the crown opening needle is not specially limited, and a commercially available metal sharp needle is selected.
The invention preferably takes the paternal bud which turns red at the tip of the corolla and is not opened as the pollen source.
As an embodiment, the method for collecting anthers of the male parent comprises the following steps: taking a flower bud of the male parent, placing the flower bud on a crown opening needle to cut open a crown, exposing anthers and stigma after the crown is cut open, and removing the stigma. Placing a vessel or spreading a piece of clean paper below the anther auxiliary stripper, placing the flower buds of the male parent on the anther auxiliary stripper to ensure that stamens of the flowers are distributed among comb teeth of the anther auxiliary stripper, pulling the flowers along the opposite direction of the growth of the stamens, stripping the anther on the filaments by utilizing the comb teeth, and collecting the anther on the vessel or the paper.
The invention also provides a tobacco pollination method, which is characterized in that the anther of the flower bud of the male parent is collected by utilizing the collected tobacco anther, and the pollination is carried out aiming at the stigma of the female parent after the pollen is scattered.
The male parent and the female parent of the optimized hybrid are planted in a piece by piece according to a proportion, the growth periods are different, the male parent is sowed and transplanted in stages according to different time, and the flowering phase of the male parent is advanced by 5-7 days; preferably, the parents are planted according to the proportion of 1: 3-4.
The invention preferably prepares a bud collection bag before collecting the flower buds of the male parent, the collection bag is provided with a bag opening for folding and unfolding, a bag opening scissor is arranged, the flower bud of the male parent with the tip of the flower crown becoming red and the flower crown not opened is selected, the size of the bag opening is adjusted, the flower bud to be picked is loaded, and the flower bud is cut by the scissor and falls into the bag. And (4) stripping the anther from the collected male parent flower buds by using an anther auxiliary stripper.
The method preferably dries the peeled anther in a cool and dry place until the anther naturally looses powder; it is further preferred that the anthers are spread on a glossy paper and a thin layer is air-dried.
After natural loose powder is preferably selected, the pollen to be pollinated is obtained by sieving the powder by a sieve with 50 to 80 meshes; it is further preferable to pass through a 70 mesh sieve.
According to the invention, 20-30% of talcum powder is preferably added into pollen according to volume, and a micro powder pump pollinator is adopted to aim at the stigma of a female parent for pollination; it is further preferred to add 25% talc by volume.
The pollen is preferably stored in an environment of 2-6 ℃; further preferably 4 ℃.
When the invention is used for pollination preferentially, when the female parent is a male sterile line, in the full-bloom period of the female parent material, the flower whose crown turns red to the flower whose crown has opened is selected, the flower crown is torn by a pair of forceps, and the stigma is exposed for pollination; when the female parent is a fertile line, the flower crown which is not opened and the light red flower are selected as female parent materials, and artificial emasculation and pollination are carried out.
The preferred pollinated tobacco of the present invention is cigar tobacco.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Parent planting
The male parent and the female parent are planted in a centralized way and are planted adjacently in two fields. The ratio of the number of the parent plants to the number of the parent plants is 1: 4. According to the growth period of the male parent and the female parent, the sowing and transplanting periods are determined, so that the male parent flowers 6 days earlier than the female parent.
(2) Collecting flower buds in a centralized manner
In the early stage of blooming of the male parent, selecting male parent buds with red crown tips and unopened crowns, and collecting the buds by using a bud collecting device. Adjusting the size of the mouth of the bud collector, putting the buds to be picked, cutting off the buds by a pair of scissors, and putting the buds into the bag.
(3) Adopts a simple comb-tooth anther stripping device to strip anther
Taking a wood board as a base support, nailing 17 metal comb teeth vertically in 1 row on the base support, wherein the space between the comb teeth is 1.0mm, and the length is 4.0 cm; and 4 crown opening needles are fixed on two sides of the comb teeth in 1 row respectively, and the length of each crown opening needle is 6.0 cm.
Taking a flower bud of the male parent, placing the flower bud on a crown opening needle to cut open a crown, exposing anthers and stigma after the crown is cut open, and removing the stigma. A vessel is arranged below the anther auxiliary stripper, the flower buds of the male parents are arranged on the anther auxiliary stripper, stamens of the flowers are distributed among comb teeth of the anther auxiliary stripper, the flowers are pulled along the opposite direction of the growth of the stamens, the anthers on the filaments are stripped by the comb teeth, and the anthers are collected in the vessel.
(4) Pollen drying and pollen collecting
Collecting the peeled anther, spreading on a thin layer of glossy paper, air drying in the shade, waiting for natural pollen scattering, sieving out pollen with a 70-mesh sieve when anther cracks and pollen scatters, and storing at 4 deg.C for use.
(5) Preparation of maternal stigma
In the full-bloom period of the female parent material of the male sterile line, a flower whose crown turns red until the crown has opened is selected, the crown is torn off by a forceps, and the stigma is exposed for later use.
(6) Pollination is carried out
And (5) pollinating by adopting a micro pollination machine. Adding 25% of talcum powder into the obtained male parent pollen according to the volume, uniformly mixing, adding into a powder pump, aligning to the stigma of the female parent, pressing and moving the powder pump to spray pollen, pollinating 40 flowers of each plant, spraying powder for 3 times, and pollinating 120 flowers of each plant.
Example 2
(1) Parent planting
The male parent and the female parent are planted in a centralized way and are planted adjacently in two fields. The ratio of the number of the parent plants to the number of the parent plants is 1: 4. According to the growth period of the male parent and the female parent, the sowing and transplanting periods are determined, so that the male parent flowers 5 days earlier than the female parent.
(2) Collecting flower buds in a centralized manner
In the early stage of blooming of the male parent, selecting male parent buds with red crown tips and unopened crowns, and collecting the buds by using a bud collecting device. Adjusting the size of the mouth of the bud collector, putting the buds to be picked, cutting off the buds by a pair of scissors, and putting the buds into the bag.
(3) Adopts a simple comb-tooth anther stripping device to strip anther
Taking a wood board as a base support, nailing 15 metal comb teeth vertically in 1 row on the base support, wherein the space between the comb teeth is 1.2mm, and the length is 5.0 cm; and then, 3 crown opening needles are respectively fixed in 1 row on two sides of the comb teeth, and the length is 7.0 cm.
Taking a flower bud of the male parent, placing the flower bud on a crown opening needle to cut open a crown, exposing anthers and stigma after the crown is cut open, and removing the stigma. Spreading a piece of clean paper below the anther auxiliary stripper, placing flower buds of the male parent on the anther auxiliary stripper to enable stamens of the flowers to be distributed among comb teeth of the anther auxiliary stripper, pulling the flowers in the opposite direction of the growth of the stamens, stripping the anthers on the filaments by utilizing the comb teeth, and collecting the anthers on the paper.
(4) Pollen drying and pollen collecting
Collecting the peeled anther, spreading on a thin layer of plain paper, air drying in the shade, waiting for natural pollen scattering, sieving with a 50-mesh sieve when anther cracks and pollen scatters, and storing at 2 deg.C.
(5) Preparation of maternal stigma
The female parent material is fertile, the flower crown is selected not to be opened, preferably, the flower crown is light red, and the artificial emasculation is carried out to expose the stigma.
(6) Pollination is carried out
And (5) pollinating by adopting a micro pollination machine. Adding 20% of talcum powder into the obtained male parent pollen according to the volume, uniformly mixing, adding into a powder pump, aligning to the stigma of the female parent, pressing and moving the powder pump to spray pollen, pollinating 50 flowers of each plant every time, spraying powder for 2 times, and pollinating 100 flowers of each plant in total.
Example 3
(1) Parent planting
The male parent and the female parent are planted in a centralized way and are planted adjacently in two fields. The ratio of the number of the parent plants to the number of the parent plants is 1: 3. According to the growth period of the male parent and the female parent, the sowing and transplanting periods are determined, so that the male parent flowers 7 days earlier than the female parent.
(2) Collecting flower buds in a centralized manner
In the early stage of blooming of the male parent, selecting male parent buds with red crown tips and unopened crowns, and collecting the buds by using a bud collecting device. Adjusting the size of the mouth of the bud collector, putting the buds to be picked, cutting off the buds by a pair of scissors, and putting the buds into the bag.
(3) Adopts a simple comb-tooth anther stripping device to strip anther
Taking a wood board as a bottom support, nailing 20 metal comb teeth vertically in 1 row on the bottom support, wherein the space between the comb teeth is 0.8mm, and the length is 3.00 cm; and 5 crown opening needles are fixed on two sides of the comb teeth in 1 row respectively, and the length of each crown opening needle is 5.0 cm.
Taking a flower bud of the male parent, placing the flower bud on a crown opening needle to cut open a crown, exposing anthers and stigma after the crown is cut open, and removing the stigma. Placing a culture dish below the anther auxiliary stripper, placing flower buds of male parents on the anther auxiliary stripper to ensure that stamens of the flowers are distributed among comb teeth of the anther auxiliary stripper, pulling the flowers along the opposite direction of the growth of the stamens, stripping the anthers on the filaments by utilizing the comb teeth, and collecting the anthers in the culture dish.
(4) Pollen drying and pollen collecting
Collecting the peeled anther, spreading on a thin layer of glossy paper, air drying in the shade, waiting for natural pollen scattering, sieving out pollen with 80 mesh sieve when anther cracks and pollen scatters, and storing at 6 deg.C for use.
(5) Preparation of maternal stigma
In the full-bloom period of the female parent material of the male sterile line, a flower whose crown turns red until the crown has opened is selected, the crown is torn off by a forceps, and the stigma is exposed for later use.
(6) Pollination is carried out
And (5) pollinating by adopting a micro pollination machine. Adding 30% of talcum powder into the obtained male parent pollen according to the volume, uniformly mixing, adding into a powder pump, aligning to the stigma of the female parent, pressing and moving the powder pump to spray pollen, pollinating 30 flowers of each plant every time, spraying powder 3 times according to the method, and pollinating 90 flowers of each plant in total.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for collecting tobacco anthers is characterized in that stamens of flowers are distributed among comb teeth of an anther auxiliary stripper, the flowers are pulled along the opposite direction of the growth of the stamens, and the anthers on filaments are stripped by the comb teeth; the anther auxiliary stripper comprises a bottom support and comb teeth fixed on the bottom support, and the distance between the comb teeth is 0.8-1.2 mm.
2. A method for collecting tobacco anthers according to claim 1, wherein the number of teeth on the base is 15-20.
3. A method for collecting tobacco anthers according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the comb teeth are in 1 row and 3.0-5.0cm in length.
4. The method for collecting tobacco anthers, according to claim 1, wherein the comb teeth are fixed with crown opening needles on both sides, and the length of the crown opening needles is 5.0-7.0 cm.
5. A tobacco pollination method, characterized in that the anthers of the flower buds of the male parent are collected by any one of the methods of claims 1 to 4, and pollination is carried out on the stigma of the female parent after pollen scattering.
6. The tobacco pollination method of claim 5, wherein the anthers are placed in a cool and dry place for air-curing, and natural pollen dispersal of the anthers is waited.
7. The method of pollinating tobacco as in claim 6, wherein said naturally pollen-loose pollen is passed through a 50-80 mesh sieve.
8. The method of pollinating tobacco as claimed in claim 7, wherein said pollen is mixed with 20-30% by volume of talc.
9. A method of pollinating tobacco as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein the pollen is stored in an environment of 2-6 ℃.
10. A method of pollinating tobacco as in claim 5, wherein pollination is carried out in alignment with the stigma of the female parent using a micro-pump pollinator.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111225973.1A CN113748983A (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Method for collecting tobacco anther and pollinating |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111225973.1A CN113748983A (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Method for collecting tobacco anther and pollinating |
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Application publication date: 20211207 |