CN113748229A - 铝合金保持架和铝合金保持架的加工方法 - Google Patents

铝合金保持架和铝合金保持架的加工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113748229A
CN113748229A CN201980095877.4A CN201980095877A CN113748229A CN 113748229 A CN113748229 A CN 113748229A CN 201980095877 A CN201980095877 A CN 201980095877A CN 113748229 A CN113748229 A CN 113748229A
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aluminum alloy
layer
nickel
alloy cage
cage
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CN201980095877.4A
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叶胜华
章桢彦
韦剑飞
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/56—Selection of substances
    • F16C33/565—Coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
    • C23C18/1637—Composition of the substrate metallic substrate
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23C18/1651—Two or more layers only obtained by electroless plating
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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    • C23C18/1806—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by mechanical pretreatment, e.g. grinding, sanding
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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    • C23C18/1824—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment
    • C23C18/1837—Multistep pretreatment
    • C23C18/1844—Multistep pretreatment with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
    • C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
    • C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
    • C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
    • C23C18/36—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents using hypophosphites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction 

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
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Abstract

提供一种铝合金保持架及其生产方法。铝合金保持架包括喷丸铝合金保持架基体和形成在喷丸铝合金保持架基体的表面上的涂层，涂层包括至少一层含镍层。根据本公开的铝合金保持架具有高疲劳强度、优异的耐腐蚀性、高表面硬度和低表面摩擦系数，并且显示优异的表面润滑性和耐磨耗性。

Description

铝合金保持架和铝合金保持架的加工方法
技术领域
本公开涉及铝合金保持架(aluminum alloy cage)及其制备方法。特别地，本公开涉及具有良好的疲劳强度、耐腐蚀性、表面润滑性和耐磨耗性的铝合金保持架，及其制备方法。
背景技术
在轴承领域，部分缠绕滚动元件并随其运动的轴承零件被称为保持架(或保持器)。滚动轴承保持架的主要功能是滚动元件的分离和分配。其它功能通常是防止滚动元件从可分离轴承脱落并且在轴承的卸载区中引导滚动元件。目前，广泛使用黄铜保持架。然而，黄铜保持架具有以下缺点或不足：黄铜的密度高，使得难以获得轻质轴承；原材料价格高，导致生产成本高；黄铜包含引起环境问题的铅。
特别地，当润滑油受硬质颗粒污染时，硬质颗粒会嵌入软的黄铜保持架中。并且，然后硬质颗粒将磨损与保持架口袋杆(pocket bar)接触的辊，导致轴承故障。此外，如果从黄铜除去铅，则黄铜的加工效率将显著降低，这会增加加工成本。
目前，可以使用铝合金保持架来代替黄铜保持架。然而，大多数现有的铝合金保持架在表面上没有涂层，导致不令人满意的疲劳强度、耐腐蚀性、润滑性和耐磨耗性。一些公司进行硬质阳极氧化来处理铝合金保持架的表面。但是此类处理后的铝合金保持架的疲劳强度劣化。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本公开的目的在于克服或至少减轻上述现有技术的不足，并且提供具有良好的疲劳强度、耐腐蚀性、表面润滑性和耐磨耗性的铝合金保持架，及其制备方法。
用于解决问题的方案
铝合金保持架的加工方法包括以下步骤：
(1)对铝合金保持架基体的表面喷丸；
(2)对喷丸表面预处理；
(3)在预处理后的表面上任选地形成中间层；
(4)在基体上或者在中间层上形成至少一层含镍层。
发明的效果
根据本公开的铝合金保持架具有高疲劳强度、优异的耐腐蚀性、高表面硬度和低表面摩擦系数，并且显示优异的表面润滑性和耐磨耗性。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的喷丸并且Ni-P-PTFE涂覆的铝合金保持架在加速工况下的试验结果。
图2为对比例1的没有涂层的铝合金保持架在相同的加速工况下的试验结果。
图3为对比例2的常规黄铜保持架在相同的加速工况下的试验结果。
具体实施方式
本公开涉及包括喷丸铝合金保持架基体和形成在喷丸铝合金保持架基体的表面上的涂层的铝合金保持架。涂层包括基体上的中间层和形成在中间层上的至少一层含镍层，或形成在基体上的至少一层含镍层，其中中间层优选为锌中间层。中间层分别牢固地结合至铝合金保持架基体和含镍层，以确保良好的粘接性。
优选地，涂层包括内含镍层(inner nickel containing layer)和外含镍层(outer nickel containing layer)。内含镍层为单层或多层化学镀镍层(electrolessnickel plating layers)，或者为单层或多层复合化学镀镍层，或者为多层化学镀镍层和复合化学镀镍层的组合。
优选地，涂层进一步包括Ni-P-PTFE层。Ni-P-PTFE层包含降低铝合金保持架的摩擦系数的PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)颗粒。另外，Ni-P-PTFE层具有相对高的硬度，其会改善铝合金保持架在使用时的耐磨耗性。
本公开进一步提供铝合金保持架的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
(1)对铝合金保持架基体的表面喷丸；
(2)对喷丸表面预处理；
(3)在预处理后的表面上任选地形成中间层；
(4)在基体上或者在中间层上形成至少一层含镍层。
(1)喷丸
以0.2-0.5mmA的Almen强度进行喷丸至完全覆盖，其会在距表面50μm至200μm的深度处导致50～280MPa的残余压缩应力。
(2)预处理
本公开的预处理步骤包括但不限于，化学脱脂的步骤、和表面活化的步骤。更优选地，在化学脱脂的步骤之前进行有机脱脂的步骤。在以下段落中详细描述各上述步骤。
(2.1)有机脱脂
任选地，对铝合金保持架的表面进行有机脱脂的步骤。有机脱脂是为了将铝合金保持架的表面上的油脂溶解在有机溶剂中并且除去油脂。当铝合金保持架的表面上的油脂相对厚时，有机脱脂是特别优选的。有机溶剂为由乙醇、煤油、和汽油或其它环境友好的有机溶剂组成的组中的一种或两种以上。然而，通常，有机脱脂是不彻底的，因为当基体材料表面上的有机溶剂挥发时，溶解在溶剂中的油脂将保持在铝合金保持架的表面上。因此，优选地，在有机脱脂的步骤之后进行化学脱脂的步骤。
(2.2)化学脱脂
采用化学脱脂工序，以在60℃至80℃的操作温度范围内使铝合金保持架的表面脱脂。化学脱脂溶液可以为碱性或酸性。其中，碱性脱脂溶液包含由碳酸钠、氢氧化钠、十二水合磷酸钠、硅酸钠和硼酸钠组成的组中的一种或两种以上，其中典型的组成为15～20g/L碳酸钠、20～30g/L十二水合钠和10～15g/L硅酸钠。
酸脱脂逐渐盛行，浴溶液包含H2SO4或H3PO4，添加HF、Fe、H2O2、NO和非离子性表面活性剂，在室温下操作3～5分钟。其具有高效率并且没有污染，比碱脱脂对铝合金更好并且使用更广泛。
进行化学脱脂的方法不限于此。例如，其可以为酸脱脂或碱脱脂，也通过浸渍、喷雾、蒸气等，或者通过其组合来进行。
化学脱脂的步骤之后，进行必要的冲洗以避免残余化学脱脂溶液对金属表面的污染。例如，用干净的水进行冲洗，以实现冲洗液中非常低浓度的化学脱脂溶液。优选地，当冲洗液中化学脱脂溶液的浓度小于化学脱脂溶液的初始浓度的2％时，停止冲洗。
(2.3)活化
对铝合金保持架的表面进行活化。优选地，在室温下，将铝合金保持架浸渍在50％硝酸溶液中20～30秒，以使铝合金保持架的表面活化。
在活化之后，进行必要的冲洗以避免残余的酸性溶液对金属表面的腐蚀。例如，用干净的水进行冲洗，以实现冲洗液中非常低浓度的酸性溶液。
(3)形成中间层
在铝合金保持架的表面的预处理步骤之后，任选地在预处理后的表面上形成中间层。优选地，将预处理后的表面浸渍在锌盐溶液中以形成中间层。在以下段落中详细描述该步骤。
为了将铝合金保持架基体紧密结合至后述含镍层，优选在铝合金保持架基体的预处理后的表面上形成中间层。优选地，将预处理后的表面浸渍在锌盐溶液中以形成中间层。在浸渍在锌盐溶液中期间，有效地除去预处理后的表面上的氧化膜。形成的中间层可以在使铝合金保持架基体的表面和镀镍层之间紧密结合的同时防止表面再次氧化。
为了改善中间层的品质，优选通过包括以下步骤的方法来形成中间层：
(3.1)将预处理后的表面浸渍在锌盐溶液中以形成第一锌镀层；
(3.2)除去第一锌镀层；
(3.3)将预处理后的表面再次浸渍在锌盐溶液中以形成第二锌镀层。
优选地，锌盐溶液中例如氧化锌形式的锌含量在10至100g/L的范围内。更优选地，使用步骤(3.2)中的硝酸溶液除去第一锌镀层，并且通过用水洗涤来除去残余的硝酸溶液。
第二锌镀层在形成之后用水洗涤，最后获得更致密且完整的中间层，其在与铝合金保持架的表面结合方面具有杰出的性能。
(4)形成至少一层含镍层
通过碱性浴在基体上或者在中间层上形成一层预镀镍层。然后，预镀镍层通过酸性浴增厚，以获得镀镍层。
优选地，碱性浴具有8.0～12.0的pH值。通过碱性浴形成的预镀镍层有效地防止最新形成的中间层溶解在浴中。更优选地，碱性浴包含约3.0～7.0g/L的镍含量。
在形成预镀镍层之后，预镀镍层通过酸性浴增厚以获得镀镍层。优选地，酸性浴具有4.0～6.0的pH值。更优选地，酸性浴包含约3.0～7.5g/L的镍含量。
在优选的实施方案中，在形成镀镍层之后，使用包含PTFE、含镍化合物、和含磷化合物的镀浴在镀镍层上形成Ni-P-PTFE层。
优选地，PTFE颗粒分散在包含含镍化合物和含磷化合物的镀浴中，在镀镍层上形成Ni-P-PTFE层。
Ni-P-PTFE层包含PTFE颗粒，这降低铝合金保持架的表面的湿摩擦系数。例如，铝合金保持架的表面的湿摩擦系数可以为0.08以下。优选地，Ni-P-PTFE层中聚四氟乙烯的含量为10～50％(m/m比)。Ni-P-PTFE层用于改善铝合金保持架的表面的硬度，提供优异的耐磨耗性。
实施例
实施例1
对铝合金保持架基体的表面依次进行喷丸。在碱性浴中形成预镀镍层。在酸性溶液中形成镀镍层。在Ni-P-PTFE镀覆溶液中形成PTFE-磷-镍层。试验由此获得的铝合金保持架。
详细的工艺参数如下：
(1)化学脱脂：为了在加工期间从铝合金的表面除去油脂和污物：溶液包含35g/L碳酸钠，27g/L十二水合钠，溶液温度为65℃，浸渍时间为3分钟。
(2)碱性刻蚀：浸泡在52度下的10％氢氧化钠溶液中约30秒以除去表面氧化物。
(3)活化：在室温下，将铝合金保持架浸渍在50％硝酸溶液中20至30秒以除去来自碱性刻蚀的残余斑，并且使铝合金保持架的表面活化。
(4)锌浸渍：技术条件：NaOH 120g/L、ZnO 20g/L、稳定剂：30ml/L、温度20℃、时间45秒，第一次锌浸渍之后，在室温下用50％HNO3溶液处理10秒，然后第二次锌浸渍，使得锌涂层可以更均匀，密度更高并且粘接性更好。
(5)碱性化学镀镍(碱性Ni-P)：溶液的组成，NiSO4·7H2O 27g/L、NaH2PO2·H2O26g/L、Na3C6H5O7·H2O 85g/L、NH4Cl 35g/L、(HOCH2CH2)3N 90g/L，pH 9.3，温度50℃。
(6)酸性化学镀镍(酸性Ni-P)：构成EN镀覆(HP)DNC571：Ni：5.7g/L、NaH2PO2·H2O35g/L，pH 4.9，温度90℃。
(7)化学镀镍分级Ni-P-PTFE：构成ENP 3400A，pH 4.9，温度85～90℃。
以上过程全部用水洗涤。涂层(Ni-P/Ni-P-PTFE)的总厚度为8.1μm，Ni-P-PTFE涂层中PTFE含量为13％(m/m)。
性能试验
将相同种类的轴承分别装配在没有/具有喷丸和Ni-P-PTFE涂层的铝合金保持架和常规黄铜保持架上，安装在轴承疲劳寿命能力试验装置，然后在高速低负荷工况下同时进行试验以加速对保持架的损坏。试验条件列出如下。
Figure BDA0003325293590000071
试验结果示出在图1至图3中。实施例1的保持架仅在接触辊的区域处研磨，并且具有最少的磨耗量，而对比例1和对比例2二者的磨耗量大得多。试验结果表示涂层具有良好的耐磨耗性。

Claims (10)

1.一种铝合金保持架，其包括喷丸铝合金保持架基体和形成在所述喷丸铝合金保持架基体的表面上的涂层，所述涂层包括至少一层含镍层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金保持架，所述喷丸铝合金保持架基体在距表面50μm至200μm的深度处的残余压缩应力为50MPa至280MPa。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金保持架，其中所述涂层进一步包括所述基体上的中间层，所述含镍层形成在所述中间层上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金保持架，其中所述中间层为含锌层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金保持架，其中所述涂层包括内含镍层和外含镍层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的铝合金保持架，其中所述内含镍层为单层或多层化学镀镍层，或者为单层或多层复合化学镀镍层，或者为多层化学镀镍层和复合化学镀镍层的组合。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的铝合金保持架，其中所述外含镍层为在包含PTFE、含镍化合物和含磷化合物的浴中用于进一步降低摩擦的Ni-P-PTFE层。
8.一种根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的铝合金保持架的加工方法，其包括以下步骤：
(1)对所述铝合金保持架基体的表面喷丸；
(2)对所述喷丸的表面预处理；
(3)形成包括至少一层含镍层的涂层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的加工方法，其中形成涂层包括：
(1)在所述预处理后的表面上形成至少一层含镍层；
或者，包括以下步骤：
(2)在所述预处理后的表面上形成中间层；
(3)在所述中间层上形成至少一层含镍层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的加工方法，其中所述喷丸步骤导致的、在距表面50μm至200μm的深度处的残余压缩应力为50MPa至280MPa。
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