CN113717271A - 新的多肽及其医疗用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了包含源自VI型胶原蛋白的氨基酸序列或者由所述氨基酸序列组成的多肽或其片段、变体、融合物或衍生物、或者所述其衍生物的片段、变体的融合物,其中所述多肽、片段、变体、融合物或衍生物能够扼杀或削弱微生物的生长。本发明的相关方面提供相应的分离的核酸分子、载体以及用来制造其的宿主细胞。另外还提供了包含本发明的多肽的药物组合物,以及将其用于治疗和/或预防微生物感染以及用于伤口护理的方法。还提供了体外杀死微生物的方法,以及与所述药物组合物结合的医疗装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及源自一种天然存在的胞外基质组分蛋白VI型胶原蛋白的新的多肽,其具有抗微生物特性。本发明还涉及这些多肽在微生物感染的治疗中或在伤口护理中的用途。还提供了结合这些多肽的试剂盒、装置以及组合物。
背景技术
近十年来,对常规抗生素具有抗性的致病菌的增加已经成为全球卫生保健的主要威胁(1,2)。因此,开发新的抗微生物剂以抗击不断出现的感染性疾病具有重大意义。为了克服致病菌的有害作用,快速的宿主防御机制是必要的。抗微生物肽(AMP)是先天性免疫防御系统的强有力分子,针对入侵病原体提供快速的和非特异性的响应,其代表大多数多细胞生物体中针对入侵病原体的第一道防线。AMP针对革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、真菌和病毒以及寄生虫展现出广谱活性(3-8)。尽管其来源不同,但是AMP有共同的几种理化特性,这对于其直接抗微生物性质至关重要。这些肽是较小的分子(10-50个氨基酸),并且通常带有范围为+2至+9的净正电荷(4,9-10)。另一种重复出现的特征是它们经常具有≥30%的疏水性残基,这使得它们能够在与脂质类环境(例如细菌细胞膜)接触时采用两亲性结构(4)。目前,已经从包括植物、昆虫以及哺乳动物在内的范围广泛的物种中分离出多于两千种的AMP(参见抗微生物肽数据库,http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.php)。
普遍认为,AMP具有细胞膜活性,并且通过破坏细胞膜的完整性(11)或通过引起细胞内变化(12)来破坏目标细胞。然而,针对几种AMP已经提出了不同的作用模式,但是内在的分子机制仍然处于研究中(13-16)。
除了其直接的抗微生物活性之外,一些肽(例如LL-37)还具有免疫调节功能,例如具有趋药性、中和内毒素(例如LPS)、增进伤口愈合、血管生成、以及调节促炎细胞因子的产生(17-18)。其广谱抗微生物活性连同低细菌抗性机制使得这些AMP成为有吸引力的抗感染治疗剂(8,19),但是对另外的抗微生物疗法和AMP仍然存在需求。
像胶原蛋白、纤维连接蛋白、层粘连蛋白以及玻连蛋白这样的胞外基质(ECM)蛋白是对致病菌有吸引力的病菌靶标,以便粘附、侵入、以及拓殖宿主的结缔组织(20)。尽管如此,大量的证据显示ECM蛋白在早期感染过程中可具有保护性作用(21-24)。VI型胶原蛋白是普遍存在的胞外基质组分,其存在于所有结缔组织中,并且经常与基底膜结合。VI型胶原蛋白在大部分结缔组织中形成复杂且广泛的珠状微纤丝网络。VI型胶原蛋白的主要形式由3条不同的多肽链组成:α1(VI)、α2(VI)以及α3(VI),其形成三螺旋单体。在细胞内,各单体组装成二聚体和四聚体,其被分泌到胞外空间。在那里,四聚体端对端聚合,形成微纤丝,其成为扩展的超分子基质装配体的一部分。最近,发现了三条另外的链(α4、α5以及α6),其可替代一些组织中的α3-链(9,10)。在结构上,每条α-链的特征在于短的扩展三链螺旋区域,其侧翼具有两个大的N-端和C-端球形区域,其与血管性血友病因子A型结构域(VWA)具有同源性(25-27)。VWA也是引起ECM中的蛋白-蛋白相互作用的原因(25-28)。VI型胶原蛋白的α1(VI)和α2(VI)链含有一个N-端(N1)和两个C-端(C1和C2)VWA结构域,而α3(VI)则大得多并包含某十个N-端(N10-N1)VWA结构域和两个C-末端VWA结构域。另外,α3(VI)链具有三个C-端结构域(C3-C5),其与唾液腺蛋白、纤维连接蛋白III型重复序列、以及Kunitz家族丝胺酸蛋白酶抑制剂具有同源性(29)。通过其独特的结构,VI型胶原蛋白为范围广泛的组织提供强度、完整性以及结构。它还参与其它重要的生物过程,比如细胞凋亡、自体吞噬、血管生成、纤维变性以及组织修复(30)。
以前已经显示,源自含有结合共有肝素的序列(Cardin和Weintraub基序)(31)的血管性血友病因子的肽展现出针对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的抗微生物活性(32-33)。
以前已经表明,VI型胶原蛋白与肺炎链球菌以及A群、C群和D群链球菌结合(35),从而杀死细菌(36)。最近,还报道了VI型胶原蛋白微纤丝针对粘膜炎莫拉氏菌以及其它革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性人类肺部病原体的类似粘附和杀菌作用(37)。但是,对于这种记载的观察结果尚未提供结构或机理解释。
因此,对于确认新的抗微生物剂、特别是能够扼杀或抑制细菌(比如已经对常规抗生素产生抗性的MRSA)生长的药剂仍存在需求。
发明内容
本发明的第一方面提供多肽,其包含以下或由以下组成:源自VI型胶原蛋白的氨基酸序列、或者其片段、变体、融合物或衍生物、或者所述其衍生物的片段、变体的融合物,其中所述多肽、片段、变体、融合物或衍生物能够扼杀或削弱微生物的生长。
本领域技术人员应理解,VI型胶原蛋白可来自人类或非人类来源。例如,VI型胶原蛋白可(直接或间接)源自非人类哺乳动物,例如类人猿(例如黑猩猩、倭黑猩猩、大猩猩、长臂猿以及红毛猩猩)、猴子(例如猕猴、狒狒以及疣猴)、鼠类(例如小鼠、大鼠)或有蹄动物(例如猪、马以及母牛)。
因此,通过“VI型胶原蛋白”(还称为“胶原蛋白VI”)我们包括天然存在的人类VI型胶原蛋白及其同源物,比如牛VI型胶原蛋白。在一个优选实施例中,多肽源自人类VI型胶原蛋白。
通过“源自”VI型胶原蛋白的氨基酸序列我们包括天然存在的VI型胶原蛋白的氨基酸序列中存在的氨基酸序列。特别地,我们包括这样的氨基酸序列:其包含来自天然存在的VI型胶原蛋白的序列的至少5个连续氨基酸,但是不包括全长蛋白。例如,在一个实施例中,氨基酸序列可含有来自VI型胶原蛋白的至少5个连续氨基酸,例如来自VI型胶原蛋白的至少6个、7个、8个、9个、10个、11个、12个、13个、14个、15个、16个、17个、18个、19个、20个、21个、22个、23个、24个、25个、30个、40个、或50个连续氨基酸。因此,源自VI型胶原蛋白的氨基酸序列对应于具有抗微生物活性的VI型胶原蛋白的片段。
通过“能够扼杀或削弱微生物的生长”我们包括具有抗微生物活性的多肽。抗微生物活性可以是整体的或部分的,并且可以是剂量依赖性的。这可通过,例如,径向扩散测试来证明。
本发明的多肽对其有效的微生物可选自由以下组成的群组:细菌、支原体、酵母、真菌以及病毒。
在一个实施例中,本发明的多肽能够与微生物的膜结合。在另一个实施例中,多肽对带负电荷的表面(例如细菌膜)可具有亲和性。该亲合性可通过,例如,对肝素的亲合性来测试,其中更高的对肝素的亲合性表明更高的对带负电荷的表面的亲合性。
有利地,多肽的亲合性或结合能力与LL-37的类似或更大。因此,在一个实施例中,多肽能够展现出的抗微生物作用大于或等于LL-37(即LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES;SEQ ID NO:36)的抗微生物作用。
在一个实施例中,多肽能够引起微生物的结构改变,包括,例如,膜扰动、起泡或细胞质组分流出。
因此,多肽可能能够导致微生物的膜破裂。这可例如,通过显微术研究,比如电子显微术或荧光显微术,研究微生物对荧光分子的摄取来定量。
在进一步的实施例中,多肽可能能够促进伤口闭合和/或伤口愈合。
通过“促进伤口闭合”和/或“伤口愈合”我们包括通过,例如,加速愈合帮助伤口的愈合过程。例如,伤口护理用品可能能够增进上皮再生和/或受伤上皮和/或受伤基质的愈合。在一个实施例中,伤口护理用品可能能够通过非裂解机制增进上皮和/或基质细胞的增殖。伤口闭合能力可通过,例如,细胞刮取试验进行定量。
因此,多肽可通过促进伤口闭合/愈合和/或通过防止伤口感染而在伤口护理中发挥作用。
将由本发明的多肽治疗的伤口可以是体外的(即皮肤和下面的组织的表面伤口)和/或体内的(比如由于器官移植或者(例如在结肠手术之后)去除器官的组织/部分而导致的内部伤口)。
本领域技术人员应理解,本发明的多肽可针对革兰氏阳性和/或革兰氏阴性细菌发挥抗微生物作用。例如,微生物可以是选自由以下组成的群组的细菌:绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、A群链球菌(例如产脓链球菌)、B群链球菌(例如无乳链球菌)、C群链球菌(例如停乳链球菌)、D群链球菌(例如粪肠球菌)、F群链球菌(例如咽峡炎链球菌)、G群链球菌(例如似马停乳链球菌)、甲型溶血性链球菌(例如草绿色链球菌、肺炎链球菌)、牛链球菌、轻链球菌、咽峡炎链球菌、血链球菌、猪链球菌、变异链球菌、粘膜炎莫拉氏菌、非可分型流感嗜血杆菌(NTHi)、乙型流感嗜血杆菌(Hib)、内氏放线菌、核梭杆菌、中间普雷沃菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌、粪肠球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、多重耐药性绿脓杆菌(MRPA)、多重耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、多重耐药性大肠杆菌(MREC)、多重耐药性表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)以及多重耐药性肺炎克雷伯菌(MRKP)。
在一个实施例中,微生物是对一种或多种常规抗生素剂具有抗性的细菌。
通过“常规抗生素剂”我们包括能够扼杀或削弱微生物的生长的已知试剂,例如天然的和合成的青霉素和头孢霉菌素、磺胺剂、红霉素、卡那霉素、四环素、氯霉素、利福平并包括庆大霉素、氨苄青霉素、苄青霉素、苯明青霉素、苄星青霉素、非奈西林、苯氧基-甲基青霉素、普鲁卡因青霉素、氯唑西林、氟氯西林、甲氧西林钠、阿莫西林、盐酸巴氨西林、环青霉素、美洛西林、匹氨西林、盐酸酞氨西林、卡非西林钠、哌拉西林、替卡西林、美西林、吡美西林(pirmecillinan)、头孢克洛、头孢羟氨苄、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁、头孢磺啶钠、头孢他啶、头孢唑肟、头孢呋辛、头孢氨苄、头孢噻吩、羟苄四唑头孢菌素、头孢唑啉、环已烯胺头孢菌素、氧杂头霉素二钠、氨曲南、盐酸金霉素、氯莫环素钠、盐酸地美环素、强力霉素、赖氨四环素、米诺四环素、氧四环素、丁胺卡那霉素、新霉素B硫酸盐、硫酸新霉素、奈替米星、妥布霉素、粘杆菌素、夫西地酸钠、多粘菌素B硫酸盐、状观霉素、万古霉素、磺胺酞酸钙、吡嗪磺、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺胍、磺胺脲、卷曲霉素、甲硝唑、替硝唑、西诺沙星、环丙沙星、呋喃妥因、乌洛托品、链霉素、羧苄青霉素、甲磺酸多粘菌素、多粘菌素B、呋喃唑酮、萘啶酸、三甲氧苄二氨嘧啶-磺胺甲恶唑、克林霉素、林可霉素、环丝胺酸、异烟肼、乙胺丁醇片、乙硫异烟胺、吡嗪酰胺等等;抗真菌剂,例如咪康唑、酮康唑、伊曲康唑、氟康唑、两性霉素、氟胞嘧锭、灰黄霉素、纳他霉素、制霉菌素等等;以及抗病毒药物,比如无环鸟苷、AZT、去羟肌苷(ddI)、盐酸金刚烷胺、异丙肌苷、阿糖腺苷等等。
因此,在一个实施例中,微生物选自由以下组成的群组:多重耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)、多重耐药性绿脓杆菌(MRPA)、多重耐药性大肠杆菌(MREC)、多重耐药性表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)以及多重耐药性肺炎克雷伯菌(MRKP)。
有利地,根据本发明第一方面的多肽展现出对微生物制剂的选择性毒性。通过‘选择性的’我们的意思是与哺乳动物,例如人类,的宿主细胞相比,多肽优选对一种或多种微生物(比如细菌、支原体、酵母、真菌以及/或者病毒)具有毒性。例如,多肽对目标微生物的毒性比该多肽对哺乳动物细胞的毒性大至少两倍,更优选大至少三倍、至少四倍、至少五倍、至少六倍、至少八倍、至少十倍、至少十五倍或者至少二十倍。
适宜地,多肽对哺乳动物,例如人类,的细胞基本上没有毒性。
例如,多肽在可用来杀死像细菌这样的微生物的浓度下可能不会展现出对红细胞或单核细胞的细胞毒性。在一个实施例中,多肽在高达30μM的浓度下、或者可替代地在高达50μM的浓度下不展现出细胞毒性。
例如,以这种方式,当使用化合物来治疗微生物感染时,可选择给药方案,使得以对健康宿主组织破坏最小的方式毁灭微生物细胞。因此,多肽可展现出一个“治疗窗口”。
在一个实施例中,多肽能够发挥抗内毒素作用。
通过“抗内毒素作用”我们包括抵消由内毒素诱导的作用的多肽。例如,在一个实施例中,多肽能够抑制(至少部分抑制)LPS诱导亚硝酸盐。
在一个实施例中,多肽源自与VWA结构域(例如球形VWA结构域)的氨基酸序列同源性,或者显示与VWA结构域(例如球形VWA结构域)的氨基酸序列同源性。因此,多肽可包含以下或由以下组成:对应于VWA结构域的至少五个(例如至少10个、15个、20个或更多个)连续氨基酸的氨基酸序列,或者与这种序列具有至少70%(例如至少80%、90%或95%)的同一性的氨基酸序列。
在进一步的实施例中,多肽可包含完整的VWA结构域或者由其组成。
通过“VWA结构域”我们包括血管性血友病因子的A型结构域和显示与血管性血友病因子A型结构域同源性的结构域,以及含有VWA-结构域的区域。
在一个实施例中,多肽源自VI型胶原蛋白的α3链。因此,多肽可源自α3N或α3C区域。例如,多肽可源自VI型胶原蛋白的α3链的N2、N3或C1结构域。
在一个可替代的实施例中,多肽源自VI型胶原蛋白的α4链。
在另一个可替代的实施例中,多肽源自VI型胶原蛋白的α5链。
在进一步的可替代的实施例中,多肽源自VI型胶原蛋白的α6链。
在再进一步的可替代的实施例中,多肽源自VI型胶原蛋白的α2链,例如源自α2N区域。
本领域技术人员应理解,本发明的多肽可具有其表面上的阳离子残基、或者其中的阳离子序列基序。
因此,在一个实施例中,多肽具有净正电荷。例如,多肽可具有范围为+2至+9的电荷。
在进一步的实施例中,多肽具有至少30%的疏水性残基。
在再进一步的实施例中,多肽可具有两亲性结构。
本发明第一方面的示例性多肽包含以下或由以下组成:SEQ ID NO:1至23中任一个的氨基酸序列(如表1所示)或其片段、变体、融合物或衍生物,或者所述其片段、变体或衍生物的融合物,其保留SEQ ID NO:1至23中任一个的抗微生物活性。
表1.本发明的示例性多肽
例如,本发明的多肽可包含以下或由以下组成:选自由SEQ ID NO:1至5组成的群组的氨基酸序列:
“GVR28”:GVRPDGFAHIRDFVSRIVRRLNIGPSKV[SEQ ID NO:1]
“FYL25”:FYLKTYRSQAPVLDAIRRLRLRGGS[SEQ ID NO:2]
“FFL25”:FFLKDFSTKRQIIDAINKVVYKGGR[SEQ ID NO:3]
“VTT30”:VTTEIRFADSKRKSVLLDKIKNLQVALTSK[SEQ ID NO:4]
“SFV33”:SFVARNTFKRVRNGFLMRKVAVFFSNTPTRASP[SEQ ID NO:5]
或其片段、变体、融合物或衍生物,或者所述其片段、变体或衍生物的融合物,其保留SEQ ID NO:1至5中任一个的抗微生物活性。
本领域技术人员应理解,如本文所使用的术语‘氨基酸’包括标准的二十个经基因编码的氨基酸及其相应的‘D’形(相对于天然的‘L’形)立体异构体、ω-氨基酸、其它天然存在的氨基酸、非常规氨基酸(例如α,α-二取代氨基酸、N-烷基氨基酸等)以及化学衍生化的氨基酸(参见下文)。
当具体列出氨基酸时,比如‘丙氨酸’或‘Ala’或‘A’,该术语是指L-丙氨酸和D-丙氨酸两者,除非明确地另外指出。其它非常规氨基酸也可以是本发明多肽的合适组分,只要该多肽会保留期望的功能特性。对于所示的肽,每种编码的氨基酸残基在适当时表示为单字母标识,对应于常规氨基酸的惯用名。
在一个实施例中,本发明的多肽包含L-氨基酸或由其组成。
在多肽包含根据参考序列(例如SEQ ID NO:1至23)的氨基酸序列的情况下,它在其N-端和/或C-端可包含与参考序列的氨基酸不同的另外的氨基酸,例如,多肽在其N-端可包含另外的氨基酸。类似地,在多肽包含根据参考序列的氨基酸序列的片段、变体或衍生物的情况下,它在其N-端和/或C-端可包含另外的氨基酸。
在一个实施例中,多肽包含以下或由以下组成:根据参考序列的氨基酸序列的片段(例如SEQ ID NO:1至23中任一个的片段)。因此,多肽可包含以下或由以下组成:参考序列的至少5个连续氨基酸,例如(如)SEQ ID NO:1至23中任一个的至少6个、7个、8个、9个、10个、11个、12个、13个、14个、15个、16个、17个、18个、19个、20个、21个、22个、23个、24个、25个、26个或27个连续氨基酸。
本领域技术人员应进一步理解,本发明的多肽可包含以下或由以下组成:根据参考序列的氨基酸序列的变体(例如SEQ ID NO:1至23中任一个的变体),或者所述变体的片段。这种变体可以是非天然存在的。
通过多肽的“变体”我们包括保守的或非保守的插入、缺失以及取代。例如,保守的取代是指相同的一般类别中的氨基酸(例如酸性氨基酸、碱性氨基酸、非极性氨基酸、极性氨基酸或芳族氨基酸)被同一类别中的另一种氨基酸取代。因此,保守的氨基酸取代和非保守的氨基酸取代的意思在本领域中是众所周知的。特别地,我们包括展现出抗微生物活性的多肽变体。
在一个实施例中,变体具有与根据参考序列(例如SEQ ID NO:1至23)的氨基酸序列或其片段具有至少50%的同一性,例如至少55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、96%、97%、98%或至少99%的同一性,的氨基酸序列。
两种多肽之间的序列同一性百分比可使用合适的计算机程序,例如威斯康辛大学Genetic Computing Group的GAP程序,来确定,并且应理解,同一性百分比相关于其序列已经被最佳排列的多肽进行计算。
比对可以可替代地使用Clustal W程序进行(如Thompson等人,1994,《核酸研究(Nuc.Acid Res.)》22:4673-4680所述,其通过引用并入本文)。
所用参数可如下:
快速成对比对参数:K-元组(字)大小;1,窗口大小;5,缺口罚分;3,顶端对角线数量;5。评分方法:x百分比。
多重比对参数:缺口开放罚分;10,缺口延伸罚分;0.05。
分数矩阵:BLOSUM。
可替代地,可使用BESTFIT程序来确定局部序列比对。
例如,在一个实施例中,以上参考序列的氨基酸可,例如通过将I、F修饰为W使其产生变异,从而减少多肽的蛋白水解降解(参见等人,《抗微生物剂化疗(Antimicrobial Agents Chemother)》2009,53,593,其通过引用并入本文)。
可使用本领域中众所周知的蛋白工程和定点诱变方法,使用重组多聚核苷酸制造变体(参见实例,参见《分子克隆:实验室手册(Molecular Cloning:a LaboratoryManual)》,第3版,Sambrook&Russell,2000,冷泉港实验室出版社(Cold Spring HarborLaboratory Press),其通过引用并入本文)。
在一个进一步的实施例中,多肽包含以下或由以下组成:氨基酸,其为以上氨基酸序列(例如SEQ ID NO:1至23)中任一个的物种同源物。通过“物种同源物”我们包括对应于来自非人类物种的等同蛋白中的相同氨基酸序列的多肽,即展现出与SEQ ID NO:1至23中任一个具有最大序列同一性的多肽(例如,如通过GAP或BLAST序列对比所测量)。通常,物种同源物多肽会具有与人类参考序列(即SEQ ID NO:1至23)相同的长度。
在再进一步的实施例中,多肽包含融合物蛋白或由其组成。
通过多肽的“融合物”我们包括对应于与任何其它多肽融合物的参考序列(例如,SEQ ID NO:1至23中任一个,或者其片段或变体)的氨基酸序列。例如,所述多肽可与多肽(比如谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST))或蛋白A融合物,以便帮助纯化所述多肽。这种融合物的实例对于本领域技术人员是众所周知的。类似地,所述多肽可与寡聚-组氨酸标签(比如His6)融合物,或者与由抗体识别的表位(比如众所周知的Myc标签表位)融合物。此外,可使用包含疏水性寡肽末端-标记的融合物。与所述多肽的任何变体或衍生物的融合物也包括在本发明的范围中。应理解,会保留期望特性,比如抗微生物活性,的融合物(或其变体或衍生物)是优选的。
融合物可包含进一步的部分,其在所述本发明的所述多肽上赋予期望的特征;例如,所述部分可用来检测或分离多肽,或者促进细胞摄取多肽。所述部分可以是,例如,生物素基团、抗生物素蛋白链菌素基团、放射性基团、荧光基团,例如小荧光团或绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)荧光团,这对于本领域技术人员而言是众所周知的。所述基团可以是免疫原性标签,例如Myc标签,这对于本领域技术人员而言是已知的,或者可以是能够促进细胞摄取多肽的亲脂性分子或多肽结构域,这对于本领域技术人员而言是已知的。
本领域技术人员应理解,本发明的多肽可包含一种或多种氨基酸,其,例如通过,聚乙二醇化、酰胺化、酯化、酰化、乙酰化以及/或者烷基化被修饰或衍生化。
如本领域中所已知,聚乙二醇化的蛋白可展现出降低的肾清除率和蛋白水解、降低的毒性、降低的免疫原性以及增加的溶解性[Veronese,F.M.和J.M.Harris,《先进药物递送综述(Adv Drug Deliv Rev)》,2002.54(4):p.453-6.,Chapman,A.P.,《先进药物递送综述(Adv Drug Deliv Rev)》,2002.54(4):p.(4):531-45页](通过引用并入本文)。聚乙二醇化已经被用于几种基于蛋白的药物,包括第一种聚乙二醇化的分子天门冬酰胺酶和腺苷脱氨酶[Veronese,F.M.和J.M.Harris,《先进药物递送综述(Adv Drug Deliv Rev)》,2002.54(4):p.(4):453-6.页,Veronese,F.M.和G.Pasut,《当今药物发现(Drug Discov Today)》,2005.10(21):1451-8页](通过引用并入本文)。
为了获得具有最大增加的半衰期和保留的生物活性的、被成功聚乙二醇化的蛋白,可影响结果的几个参数至关重要,并应纳入考量。PEG分子可不同,并且用于蛋白的聚乙二醇化的PEG变体包括PEG和单甲氧基-PEG。此外,它们可以是直链的或支链的[Wang,Y.S.等人,《先进药物递送综述(Adv Drug Deliv Rev)》,2002.54(4):p.547-70](通过引用并入本文)。所用PEG分子的大小可不同,并且已将大小范围在1与40kDa之间的PEG基团与蛋白连接[Wang,Y.S.等人,《先进药物递送综述(Adv Drug Deliv Rev)》,2002.54(4):p.547-70,Sato,H.,《先进药物递送综述(Adv Drug Deliv Rev)》,2002.54(4):p.487-504,Bowen,S.等人,《试验血液学(Exp Hematol)》,1999.27(3):p.425-32,Chapman,A.P.等人,《天然生物技术(Nat Biotechnol)》,1999.17(8):p.780-3](通过引用并入本文)。此外,与蛋白附接的PEG基团的数量可不同,并且已经报道了与蛋白附接的一个与六个PEG单元之间的实例[Wang,Y.S.等人,《先进药物递送综述(Adv Drug Deliv Rev)》,2002.54(4):p.547-70,Bowen,S.等人,《试验血液学(Exp Hematol)》,1999.27(3):p.425-32](通过引用并入本文)。另外,已经使用了用于缀合的PEG以及各种反应性基团之间存在或不存在的连接基团。因此,PEG可直接或通过使用γ-氨基丁酸作为连接基团与N-端氨基基团、或与具有反应性氨基或羟基基团的氨基酸残基(Lys、His、Ser、Thr以及Tyr)连接。此外,PEG可与羧基(Asp、Glu,C-端)或巯基(Cys)基团偶联。最后,可使用酶谷氨酰胺转移酶将Gln残基特异性地聚乙二醇化,并且已经描述了PEG的烷基胺衍生物[Sato,H.,《先进药物递送综述(Adv DrugDeliv Rev)》,2002.54(4)(4):p.487-504](通过引用并入本文)。
已经显示,增加聚乙二醇化的程度会增加体内半衰期。但是本领域技术人员应理解,需要以个体为基础,针对特定蛋白对聚乙二醇化过程进行优化。
PEG可如WO2005/007197(其通过引用并入本文)所述在天然存在的二硫键处偶联。二硫键可通过添加化学桥来稳定,化学桥不破坏蛋白的三级结构。这容许利用包含二硫键的两个硫的缀合巯基选择性,以产生用于PEG的位点特异性附接的桥。由此,规避了将残基工程化到肽中以便与目标分子附接的需要。
各种可替代的嵌段共聚物还可如WO2003/059973(其通过引用并入本文)所述进行共价缀合。治疗性聚合缀合物可展现出改进的热性质、结晶、粘附、膨胀、涂覆、pH依赖性构型以及生物分布。而且,它们可获得延长的循环,在细胞通过胞饮作用摄取缀合物之后在次级溶酶体的蛋白水解和酸性环境中释放生物活性物,以及由大分子的特征(例如生物流体中增加的药物溶解性)引起的更有利的理化特性。包含亲水性和疏水性嵌段的嵌段共聚物在溶液中形成聚合胶束。在胶束解离时,安全地排出单独的嵌段共聚物分子。
还可通过与官能性侧基团反应来获得一种或多种氨基酸的化学衍生物。这种衍生化的分子包括,例如,那些分子:在其中游离的氨基已经被衍生化,形成胺盐酸盐、对甲苯磺酰基基团、羧基苯甲酸基基团、叔丁氧基羰基基团、氯乙酰基基团或甲酰基基团。游离的羧基可被衍生化,形成盐、甲基酯和乙基酯或其它类型的酯以及酰肼。游离的羟基可被衍生化,形成O-酰基或O-烷基衍生物。还包括作为化学衍生物的那些肽,其含有20个标准氨基酸的天然存在的氨基酸衍生物。例如:4-羟基脯氨酸可替代脯氨酸;5-羟基赖氨酸可替代赖氨酸;3-甲基组氨酸可替代组氨酸;同型丝胺酸可替代丝胺酸,并且鸟氨酸可替代赖氨酸。衍生物还包括含有一个或多个添加或缺失的肽,只要必要的活性被保留即可。其它所包括的修饰是酰胺化、氨基末端酰化(例如乙酰化或巯基乙酸酰胺化)、末端羧基酰胺化(例如用氨或甲基胺)以及类似的末端修饰。
本领域技术人员应进一步理解,拟肽类化合物也可以是有用的。因此,通过“多肽”我们包括具有抗微生物活性的拟肽类化合物。术语“拟肽类”是指模拟特定的肽的构型和期望特征的化合物,作为治疗剂。
例如,本发明的多肽不但包括其中氨基酸残基通过肽(-CO-NH-)连接物连接的分子,还包括其中肽键被逆转的分子。这种逆-反(retro-inverso)拟肽物可使用本领域已知的方法制备,例如Meziere等人(1997)《免疫学杂志(J.Immunol.)》159,3230-3237描述的那些,其通过引用并入本文。该方法涉及制备含有改变的假肽,所述改变涉及骨架而不是侧链取向。含有NH-CO键而不是CO-NH肽键的逆-反(retro-inverse)肽对蛋白水解的抗性高得多。可替代地,本发明的多肽可以是拟肽类化合物,其中一个或多个氨基酸残基通过-y(CH2NH)-键而不是常规酰胺连接物来连接。
在一个进一步的替代物中,肽键可完全省掉,只要使用在氨基酸残基的碳原子之间保留间隔的适当的连接基团;连接基团部分具有与肽键基本上相同的电荷分布和基本上相同的平面性,这可能是有利的。
应理解,可方便地在其N-端或C-端区域将多肽阻断,以便帮助降低对外切蛋白水解消化的敏感性。
各种未经编码的或经修饰的氨基酸(比如D-氨基酸和N-甲基氨基酸)也被用来修饰哺乳动物的肽。此外,所推测的生物活性构型可通过像环合这样的共价修饰,或者通过结合内酰胺或其它类型的桥来稳定化,例如参见Veber等人,1978,《美国科学院院报(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA)》75:2636和Thursell等人,1983,《生物化学与生物物理研究通讯(Biochem.Biophys.Res.Comm.)》111:166,其通过引用并入本文。
许多合成策略中的共同主题是将一些环状基团引入基于肽的骨架中。环状基团限制肽结构的构型空间,并且这经常导致肽对特定生物受体的特异性增加。该策略增加的优势是,将环状基团引入肽中还可能产生对细胞肽酶的敏感性降低的肽。
因此,本发明的示例性多肽包含末端半胱氨酸氨基酸。这种多肽可通过末端半胱氨酸氨基酸中的硫醇基团形成二硫键以杂环状形式存在,或者通过在末端氨基酸之间形成酰胺肽键以均一形式存在。如上所示,通过二硫化物或者N-端和C-端区域半胱氨酸之间的酰胺键环合小肽,可通过降低蛋白水解还通过增加结构刚性(其可产生特异性更高的化合物)来避免有时观察到直链肽的特异性和半衰期的问题。通过二硫键环合的多肽具有游离的氨基末端和羧基末端,其可能仍然容易被蛋白水解降解,而通过在N-端胺和C-端羧基之间形成酰胺键环合的肽则不再含有游离的氨基末端或羧基末端。因此,本发明的肽可通过C-N连接物或通过二硫化物连接物连接。
本发明不以任何方式被肽环合方法限制,而是包括其环状结构可通过任何合适的合成方法获得的肽。因此,杂连接基团可包括,但不限于经由二硫化物桥、亚烷基桥或硫化物桥形成。US5,643,872中公开了合成环状均肽和环状杂肽的方法,包括二硫化物桥、硫化物桥和亚烷基桥,US5,643,872通过引用并入本文。环合方法的其它实例包括通过点击化学、环氧化物、醛-胺反应、以及US6,008,058中公开的方法进行环合,US6,008,058通过引用并入本文。
合成环状的稳定化的拟肽类化合物的一个进一步的方法是环闭合易位反应(RCM)。该方法涉及合成肽前体并将其与RCM催化剂接触以产生构型上受限的肽的步骤。合适的肽前体可含有两个或更多个不饱和C-C键。所述方法可使用固相肽合成技术进行。在该实施例中,固着到固体支持物的前体与RCM催化剂接触,然后产物从固体支持物分开,产生构型上受限的肽。
由D.H.Rich在《蛋白酶抑制剂(Protease Inhibitors)》,Barrett和Selveson编辑,爱思唯尔出版公司(1986)(其通过引用并入本文)中公开的另一种方法是通过将过渡态类似物概念应用于酶抑制剂设计中来设计肽模拟物。例如,已知staline仲醇与胃蛋白酶底物易断裂的酰胺键的四面体过渡态类似。
总之,如众所周知的,末端修饰可用于降低对蛋白酶消化的敏感性,并因此延长肽在溶液中的半衰期,特别是在可能存在蛋白酶的生物流体中的半衰期。由于环合形成的稳定结构并考虑到针对环状肽所观察到的生物活性,多肽环合也是有用的修饰。
因此,在一个实施例中,本发明第一方面的多肽是直链的。但是,在一个可替代的实施例中,多肽是环状的。
本领域技术人员应理解,本发明的多肽可具有各种长度。但是多肽通常具有10个与200个氨基酸之间的长度,例如10个与150个、15个与100个、15个与50个、20个与40个或者25个与35个氨基酸之间的长度。例如,多肽可具有至少20个氨基酸的长度。
在一个实施例中,多肽是重组多肽或包含重组多肽。用来产生这种重组多肽的合适方法在本领域中是众所周知的,例如在原核或真核宿主细胞中表达(例如,参见Sambrook&Russell,2000,《分子克隆,实验室手册(Molecular Cloning,A laboratoryManual)》,第三版,冷泉港(Cold Spring Harbor),纽约,该文献中的相关公开内容通过引用并入本文)。
本发明的多肽还可使用可商购的体外翻译系统产生,比如兔网织红细胞裂解物或麦芽裂解物(可从Promega得到)。优选地,翻译系统为兔网织红细胞裂解物。适宜地,翻译系统可与像TNT转录-翻译系统(Promega)这样的转录系统结合。该系统具有在与翻译相同的反应中从编码DNA多核苷酸产生合适的mRNA转录物的优点。
本领域技术人员应理解,本发明的多肽可以可替代地人工合成,例如使用众所周知的液相或固相合成技术(比如t-Boc或Fmoc固相肽合成)。例如,多肽可如Fields、Abelson&Simon(编辑)的《固相肽合成(Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis)》(1997),美国学术出版社(Academic Press)(ISBN:0-12-182190-0)(其通过引用并入本文)中所述合成,。
因此,本发明的范围包括以下相关方面。
本发明的第二方面提供核酸分子,其编码根据本发明第一方面的多肽。在一个实施例中,核酸分子可被分离。
本发明的第三方面提供载体(比如表达载体),其包含根据本发明第二方面的核酸分子。在一个实施例中,载体可适合在真核细胞中,例如在哺乳动物细胞中,进行复制。
本发明的第四方面提供宿主细胞,其包含根据本发明第二方面的核酸分子或根据本发明第三方面的载体。在一个实施例中,宿主细胞是重组的。在一个实施例中,宿主细胞为真核细胞,例如哺乳动物细胞。
除了经转化的宿主细胞本身之外,本发明还考虑那些细胞的培养物,优选营养培养基中的单克隆(克隆均匀的)培养物,或者源自单克隆培养物的培养物。
本发明的第五方面提供制造根据本发明第一方面的多肽的方法,其包括在所述多肽被表达的条件下培养根据本发明第四方面的宿主细胞的群体并从其分离多肽。培养宿主细胞和分离重组蛋白的方法在本领域中是众所周知的。
本发明的第六方面提供制造根据本发明第一方面的多肽的方法,其包括液相或固相合成多肽。
本领域技术人员应理解,本发明的多肽可被配制成用于临床医学和/或兽医学。
因此,本发明的第七方面提供药物组合物,其包含根据本发明第一方面的多肽,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂、稀释剂、载剂、缓冲剂或佐剂。
如本文所使用,‘药物组合物’意思是治疗有效的配制物,用来治疗或预防与微生物和微生物感染相关的疾病和病情。
药物组合物中还可包括另外的化合物,比如其它的肽、低分子量免疫调节剂、受体激动剂和拮抗剂、以及抗微生物剂。其它实例包括螯合剂,比如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、柠檬酸盐、乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸(EGTA)或谷胱甘肽。
药物组合物可以本领域已知的、对于给人类和动物施用足够储存稳定和合适的方式制备。可例如通过冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥、喷雾冷却、或者通过使用来自超临界颗粒构造的颗粒形成将药物组合物冻干。
通过“药学上可接受的”我们是指非毒性材料,其不会降低活性成分,即抗微生物多肽(一种或多种),的生物活性的有效性。这种药学上可接受的缓冲剂、载剂或赋形剂在本领域中是众所周知的(参见《雷明顿药物科学(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences)》,第18版,A.R Gennaro编辑,麦克出版公司(Mack Publishing Company)(1990)和《药用赋形剂手册(Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients)》,第三版,A.Kibbe编辑,药物出版社(Pharmaceutical Press)(2000),其通过引用并入本文)。
术语“缓冲剂”旨在表示含有酸碱混合物的水溶液,其目的是稳定pH。缓冲剂的实例是三羟甲基氨基甲烷、N-二甘氨酸、三甲基甘氨酸、3-吗啉代丙磺酸、3-(N-吗啉基)-2-羟基丙磺酸、吗啉丁磺酸、三羟甲基氨基甲烷、羟乙基哌嗪乙硫磺酸、N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪-N'-4-丁磺酸、吗啉乙磺酸、磷酸盐、碳酸盐、醋酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乙醇酸盐、乳酸盐、硼酸盐、N-氨基甲酰甲基乙磺酸、N-(2-乙酰氨基)亚氨基二乙酸、酒石酸盐、一磷酸腺苷、氨基甲基丙二醇、奎诺二甲基丙烯酯、2-(二乙醇胺基)乙磺酸、4-(环己基氨基)-1-丁烷磺酸、二甲胂酸盐、N-2-环已胺基乙磺酸、3-双(2-羟乙基)氨基-2-羟基丙磺酸、4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪丙磺酸、乙醇胺、甘氨酸、N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪-N'-(2-羟基丙磺酸)、咪唑、咪唑乳酸、1,4-哌嗪二乙磺酸、柠檬酸钠缓冲液、乙二胺四乙酸生理盐水磷酸钠、二羟基丙磺酸、三羟甲基甲胺基丙磺酸、加强片(TABS)、3-三羟甲基甲胺-2-羟基丙磺酸以及三羟甲基甲胺基乙磺酸。
术语“稀释剂”旨在表示水溶液或非水溶液,其目的是稀释药物制剂中的肽。稀释剂可以是盐水、水、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、乙醇或油(比如红花油、玉米油、花生油、棉籽油或芝麻油)中的一种或多种。
术语“佐剂”旨在表示添加到制剂中的任何化合物,以增加肽的生物作用。佐剂可以是胶体银、或者具有不同阴离子的锌盐、铜盐或银盐中的一种或多种,例如,但不限于不同酰基组成物的氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、硫氰酸盐、亚硫酸盐、氢氧化物、磷酸盐、碳酸盐、乳酸盐、乙醇酸盐、柠檬酸盐、硼酸盐、酒石酸盐以及醋酸盐。佐剂还可以是阳离子聚合物,比如聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐、阳离子纤维素醚、阳离子纤维素酯、脱乙酰化的透明质酸、壳聚糖、阳离子树枝状聚合物、阳离子合成聚合物(比如聚(乙烯基咪唑))、以及阳离子多肽(比如多聚组氨酸、聚赖氨酸、聚精氨酸、以及含有这些氨基酸的肽)。
赋形剂可以是碳水化合物、聚合物、脂质以及矿物质中的一种或多种。碳水化合物的实例包括乳糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇、以及环糊精,其被添加至组合物中,例如用来帮助冷冻干燥。聚合物的实例是淀粉、纤维素醚、纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素、乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、丙基纤维素、海藻酸盐、角叉藻聚糖、透明质酸及其衍生物、聚丙烯酸、聚磺酸酯、聚乙二醇/聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧乙烷/聚环氧丙烷共聚物、具有不同水解度的聚乙烯醇/聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚(乳酸)、聚(乙醇酸)或其具有各种组成的共聚物、以及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,全部具有不同分子量,其被添加到组合物中,例如用来控制粘度、用来获得生物粘附、或者用来防止活性成分(也适用于A-C)化学和蛋白水解降解。脂质的实例是脂肪酸、磷脂、甘油单酸酯、甘油二酸酯、甘油三酸酯、磷脂质、鞘脂质和糖脂质(全部具有不同的酰基链长度和饱和度)、蛋卵磷脂、大豆卵磷脂、氢化蛋卵磷脂和氢化大豆卵磷脂,其出于与聚合物类似的原因被添加到组合物中。矿物质的实例是滑石、氧化镁、氧化锌以及氧化钛,其被添加到组合物中以获得各种益处,比如累积液体减少或者有利的颜料特性。
药物组合物还可含有一种或多种单糖或二糖,比如木糖醇、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、乳糖醇、巴糖醇、麦芽糖醇或木糖苷,以及/或者甘油一酸酯,比如甘油一月桂酸酯。载剂的特征取决于给药途径。一种给药途径是局部给药。例如,对于局部给药,优选的载剂是包含活性肽的乳化霜,但是可使用其它常规载剂,比如某些基于凡士林/矿物质的和基于植物的软膏,以及聚合物凝胶、液晶相和微乳液。
应理解,药物组合物可包含一种或多种本发明的多肽,例如一种、两种、三种或四种不同的肽。通过使用不同肽的组合可增加抗微生物作用。
如以上所讨论,多肽可提供为盐,例如与无机酸,比如氢氯酸、硫酸、硝酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、高氯酸、硫氰酸、硼酸等,或与有机酸,例如甲酸、乙酸、卤代乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、葡萄糖酸、乳酸、丙二酸、富马酸、邻氨基苯甲酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、对甲苯磺酸、萘磺酸、磺胺酸等,的酸加成物,可添加无机盐,比如单价钠、钾或二价锌、镁、铜、钙,全部具有相应的阴离子,以改进抗微生物组合物的生物活性。
本发明的药物组合物还可以呈脂质体形式,其中多肽除了其它药学上可接受的载剂之外还与像脂质这样的两亲性试剂结合,所述两亲性试剂以聚集形式作为胶束、不溶单层以及液晶存在。用于脂质体制剂的合适的脂质包括,但不限于,单酸甘油酯、二酸甘油酯、硫苷脂、溶血卵磷脂、磷脂、皂甙、胆汁酸等等。合适的脂质还包括在极性头部基团中通过聚(乙二醇)进行修饰以延长血流循环时间的以上脂质。这种脂质体制剂的制备方法可在例如US4,235,871中找到,其通过引用并入本文。
本发明的药物组合物还可呈可生物降解的微球形式。脂族聚酯,比如聚(乳酸)(PLA)、聚(乙醇酸)(PGA)、PLA和PGA的共聚物(PLGA)或聚(己内酯)(PCL))和聚酐已经在微球的生产中被广泛用作可生物降解的聚合物。这种微球的制备可在US5,851,451中和EP213303中找到,其通过引用并入本文。
本发明的药物组合物可与由表面活性剂和嵌段共聚物形成的胶束系统一起配制,优选含有聚(环氧乙烷)基团的那些,用来延长血流循环时间。
本发明的药物组合物还可呈聚合物凝胶形式,其中聚合物,比如淀粉、纤维素醚、纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素、乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、丙基纤维素、海藻酸盐、壳聚糖、角叉藻聚糖、透明质酸及其衍生物、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯咪唑、聚磺酸酯、聚乙二醇/聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧乙烷/聚环氧丙烷共聚物、水解度不同的聚乙烯醇/聚醋酸乙烯酯、以及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,被用来对于含有肽的溶液进行增稠。聚合物还可包含明胶或胶原蛋白。
可替代地,本发明的多肽可溶于盐水、水、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、乙醇或油(比如红花油、玉米油、花生油、棉籽油或芝麻油)、龙须胶、以及/或者各种缓冲剂中。
药物组合物还可包括离子和所界定的用来增强抗微生物多肽的作用的pH。
对本发明的以上组合物可进行像消毒这样的常规药学操作,并且/或者可含有常规佐剂,比如防腐剂、稳定剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、缓冲剂、填充剂等,例如,如本文它处所公开的。
本领域技术人员应理解,本发明的药物组合物可局部施用或全身施用。给药途径包括局部(例如眼内)、眼、鼻、肺部、口腔、肠胃外(静脉内、皮下、以及肌内)、口服、阴道以及直肠。从植入物给药也是可能的。合适的制剂形式是,例如颗粒剂、粉剂、片剂、包衣片剂、(微)胶囊、栓剂、糖浆、乳剂、微乳液(定义为光学上各向同性的、热力学上稳定的系统,由水、油和表面活性剂组成)、液晶相(定义为系统,其特征在于长程有序但是短程无序(实例包括片状、六边形和立方相,水相连续的或油相连续的))、或其分散对应物、凝胶、软膏、分散剂、悬浮液剂、霜剂、气雾剂、滴剂或安瓿形式的可注射溶液,并且还包括可持久释放活性化合物的制剂,在该制剂中常规使用赋形剂、稀释剂、佐剂或载剂,如上所述。药物组合物还可在绷带、膏药中或在缝线等中提供。
在一个特定实施例中,药物组合物适合口服给药、肠胃外给药或局部给药。例如,药物组合物可适合局部给药(例如以喷剂、搽剂、糊剂或滴剂等形式眼内给药)。
药物组合物将以药物有效剂量给患者施用。通过“药物有效剂量”意思是足以产生涉及针对其施用的病情的期望效果的剂量。确切剂量取决于化合物的活性、给药方式、疾病的性质和严重程度、患者的年龄和体重,可能需要不同的剂量。剂量的施用可通过以单独的剂量单位形式、或者以几个较小的剂量单位形式单次施用来进行,也可以通过以特定间隔多次施用进一步细分的剂量来进行。
本发明的药物组合物可单独施用,或与其它治疗剂组合施用,比如另外的抗生素、消炎药、免疫抑制剂、血管活性剂和/或防腐剂(比如抗菌剂、抗真菌剂、抗病毒剂、以及抗寄生虫剂)。合适的另外的抗生素的实例包括青霉素类、头孢霉菌素类、碳头孢烯类、头霉素类、碳青霉烯类、单酰胺环类、氨基糖苷类、糖肽类、喹诺酮类、四环素类、大环内酯类、以及氟喹诺酮类。防腐剂包括碘、银、铜、氯己定、聚盐酸己双胍和其它双胍、壳聚糖、乙酸、以及过氧化氢。类似地,药物组合物还可含有消炎药,例如类固醇类和大内酰胺衍生物。
这种另外的治疗剂可结合为同一药物组合物的一部分,或者可单独施用。
本领域技术人员应理解,本发明的多肽、或其药物组合物可应用于医疗装置和其它用品,将其植入或应用于人体或动物身体会伴随着被微生物制剂感染的风险。
因此,本发明的第八方面提供一种医疗装置、植入物、伤口护理用品、或用于其的材料,其被根据本发明第七方面的药物组合物或根据本发明第一方面的多肽包覆、浸渍、掺混或者以其它方式关联。
这种医疗装置、植入物、伤口护理用品、或用于其的材料可与人体或其组分(例如血液)接触。
在一个实施例中,医疗装置、植入物、伤口护理用品、或用于其的材料用于旁路外科手术、体外循环手术、伤口护理以及/或者透析。
组合物可被包覆、涂布、喷涂或者以其它方式应用于缝线、假体、植入物、伤口敷料、导管、镜片、皮肤移植物、皮肤替代物、纤维蛋白胶或绷带等,或者与其掺混。这样,组合物可为装置或材料赋予改进的抗微生物特性或伤口愈合特性。
通过“植入物”,我们包括:
(a)导管(例如用于血管内或尿道使用)。
(b)支架(例如冠状动脉支架)。
(c)分流器(例如,脑脊髓分流器)。
(d)插管或气管切开术用管。
(e)眼内装置(例如隐形眼镜、巩膜扣带以及人工晶状体)。
(f)人工关节(即关节成形术和其它矫形装置的移植)。
(g)人工心脏瓣膜。
(h)乳房植入物。
(i)可植入型给药装置(例如主动泵和被动固体植入物)。
在一个实施例中,装置或材料被本发明的药物组合物(或其多肽组分)包覆。通过‘包覆’我们是指药物组合物被涂覆到装置或材料的表面。因此,装置或材料可用包含本发明的药物组合物(或其多肽)的溶液涂布或喷涂。可替代地,可将装置或材料浸入包含本发明的多肽的溶液的容器中。
在一个可替代的实施例中,装置或材料用本发明的药物组合物(或其多肽)浸渍。通过‘浸渍’我们是指药物组合物与装置或材料结合或以其他方式混合,以便它分布在整个混合物中。
例如,装置或材料可在4℃下在包含本发明的多肽的溶液中孵育过夜。可替代地,可通过蒸发或通过在室温下孵育将本发明的药物组合物(或其多肽)固定到装置或材料的表面上。
在进一步的可替代的实施例中,本发明的多肽,例如在装置或材料的外表面,与装置或材料共价连接。因此,在多肽上适当的官能团与装置或材料上的官能团之间形成共价键。例如,用于将多肽与聚合物支持物共价键连的方法包括经由重氮盐中间体共价连接、通过肽连接的形成、通过结合蛋白上的酚基、胺基以及巯基的烷基化、通过使用多官能中间体(例如戊二醛),以及其它各种方法,例如使用甲硅烷化的玻璃或石英,其中二烷氧基硅烷和三烷氧基硅烷的反应容许对玻璃表面用许多不同官能团进行衍生化。关于细节,请参见(1993)巴特沃斯-海涅曼出版社(Butterworth-Heinemann)《生物催化剂的技术应用(Technological Applications of Biocatalysts)》(BIOTOL系列)pp.75-118,Griffin,M.,Hammonds,E.J.和Leach,C.K.作的‘酶的固定(Enzyme Immobilisation)’,其通过引用并入本文。还请参见(1995)《科学(Science)》13:565-576,Hubbell,J.A.作的名称为‘组织工程化中的生物材料(Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering)’的综述文章,其通过引用并入本文。
在一个实施例中,医疗装置、植入物、伤口护理用品、或材料包含聚合物或由其组成。合适的聚合物可选自由以下组成的群组:聚酯(例如聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸或者各种组成的聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物)、聚原酸酯、聚缩醛、聚脲、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺)以及多糖材料(例如交联海藻酸盐、透明质酸、角叉藻聚糖、胶质、淀粉、纤维素衍生物)。
可替代地或另外地,医疗装置、植入物、伤口护理用品、或材料可包含以下或由以下组成:金属(例如钛、不锈钢、金、钛)、金属氧化物(氧化硅、氧化钛)、以及/或者陶瓷(磷灰石、羟基磷灰石)。
这种材料可以呈肉眼可见的固体/整料形式,作为化学或理化交联凝胶,作为多孔性材料,或作为颗粒。
本发明的医疗装置、植入物、伤口护理用品、以及材料可使用本领域众所周知的方法制造。
应理解,本发明的医疗装置、植入物、伤口护理用品、以及材料可用于本文所公开的任何医疗用途。
本发明的第九方面提供一种试剂盒,其包含根据本发明第七方面的药物组合物或者根据本发明第八方面的医疗装置、植入物、伤口护理用品、或用于其的材料。
本发明的第十方面提供根据本发明第一方面的多肽、或者根据本发明第二方面的核酸分子、或者根据本发明第七方面的药物组合物用于医药。
本发明的第十一方面提供根据本发明第一方面的多肽、或者根据本发明第二方面的核酸分子、或者根据本发明第七方面的药物组合物用于治愈性和/或预防性治疗微生物感染。
术语‘预防性的’用来包括使用本文所述的多肽或制剂,其预防或降低患者或目标发生病情或疾病状态的可能性。
通过“微生物感染”我们包括由如上所述的微生物引起的感染。
例如,在一个实施例中待治疗微生物感染为细菌感染。
待治疗微生物感染可以是急性感染或系统感染。
在一个实施例中,微生物感染对一种或多种常规抗生素具有抗性(如以上所讨论的)。
在一个实施例中,待治疗微生物感染由选自由以下组成的群组的微生物引起:绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌以及产脓链球菌。
在进一步的实施例中,微生物感染由选自由以下组成的群组的微生物引起:多重耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)和多重耐药性绿脓杆菌(MRPA)。
本领域技术人员应理解,本发明的多肽和制剂可与一种或多种已知的或常规的、用来治疗特定疾病或病情的药剂组合而被共施用。通过‘共施用’,它的意思是本发明的多肽给患者施用,使得可在同一时间在患者体内(例如在血流中)找到多肽和共施用的化合物,不管化合物实际上是何时施用的,包括同时施用。
因此,在一个实施例中,多肽、核酸分子、或药物组合物用来与一种或多种另外的抗微生物剂(比如以上所述的常规抗生素)组合使用。可替代地或者另外地,另外的抗微生物剂可以是抗微生物多肽或蛋白,比如LL-37和VI型胶原蛋白,或者例如选自由以下组成的群组:防御素、短杆菌肽S、爪蟾抗菌肽、天蚕抗菌肽、组胺素、菌丝蛋白(Hyphancin)、肉桂霉素、布尔福林1(Burforin 1)、Parasin1(Parasin 1)以及鱼精蛋白,以及它们的片段、变体和融合物,其保留(至少部分保留)本发明蛋白的抗微生物活性。
本发明的第十二方面提供根据本发明第一方面的多肽、或者根据本发明第二方面的核酸分子、或者根据本发明第七方面的药物组合物用于伤口护理。
通过“伤口护理”我们包括治疗伤口、促进伤口闭合、预防和/或治疗伤口感染和/或溃疡,其中伤口可以在体外或体内。因此在伤口护理中的用途包括能够帮助(例如加快)伤口愈合过程和/或预防伤口感染的多肽。例如,本发明的多肽可用于像霜、凝胶、软膏、敷料或糊剂这样的伤口护理用品,其能够增进上皮再生和/或伤口上皮和/或伤口基质的愈合。在一个实施例中,多肽能够通过非裂解机制增进上皮和/或基质细胞的增殖。
应理解,具有伤口愈合特性的多肽在本发明的伤口护理用品的功能中可具有主要作用或辅助作用。
在本发明第十二方面的一个实施例中,多肽、核酸分子或药物组合物与另外的抗微生物剂组合使用,如上所述。
本发明的第十三方面提供根据本发明第一方面的肽或片段、或者根据本发明第二方面的核酸分子、或者根据本发明第七方面的药物组合物在用来治疗微生物感染的药物的制造中的用途,如上所述。
本发明的第十四方面提供根据本发明第一方面的肽或片段、或者根据本发明第二方面的核酸分子、或者根据本发明第七方面的药物组合物在用来治疗伤口的药物的制造中的用途,如上所述。
本发明的第十五方面提供治疗患有微生物感染的个体的方法,所述方法包括给有此需要的个体施用有效量的根据本发明第一方面的肽或片段、或者根据本发明第二方面的核酸分子、或者根据本发明第七方面的药物组合物的步骤。
本发明的第十六方面提供治疗个体中的伤口的方法,所述方法包括给有此需要的个体施用有效量的根据本发明第一方面的多肽或片段、或者根据本发明第二方面的核酸分子、或者根据本发明第七方面的药物组合物的步骤。
术语‘有效量’在本文中用来描述根据本发明的多肽或药物组合物的浓度或量,其可用来在所治疗的疾病或病情中产生有利变化,取决于所治疗的疾病或病情,不管该变化是缓解、有利的生理结果、反转或削弱所治疗的疾病状态或病情,还是防止或者降低病情或疾病状态发生的可能性。在本发明的多肽或药物组合物组合使用的情况下,每种多肽或药物组合物可以有效量使用,其中有效量可包括协同量。
本领域技术人员应理解,本发明的多肽和药物制剂大医疗领域和兽医领域两者中具有效用。因此,本发明的方法可用来治疗人类和非人类动物(例如马、狗以及猫)两者。但是,优选地,患者为人类。
对于兽医用途,本发明的化合物作为合适地可接受的制剂根据正常的兽医实践施用,并且兽医师将确定对于特定动物最合适的给药方案和给药途径。
本发明的第十七方面提供用来杀死体外微生物的方法,其包括将微生物与根据本发明第一方面的多肽或者根据本发明第七方面的药物组合物接触。例如,药物组合物或多肽还可以消毒溶液或洗液的形式使用,从而防止微生物,比如在临床环境(例如手术室)或家庭环境(例如厨房工作面,洗衣物,比如床单)中的表面或基体上生长。
在一个实施例中,抗微生物化合物可以1至100μg/ml的浓度存在于溶液中。
在一个实施例中,溶液进一步包含表面活性的试剂或表面活性剂。合适的表面活性剂包括阴离子表面活性剂(例如脂族磺酸盐)、两性和/或两性离子表面活性剂(例如脂族季铵、磷以及锍化合物的衍生物)以及非离子表面活性剂(例如具有烯化氧的脂族醇、酸、酰胺或烷基酚)
适宜地,表面活性的试剂以0.5至5重量百分比的浓度存在。
消毒溶液特别适合用于医院环境。例如,消毒溶液可用来对手术器械和手术室的表面、以及手术室人员的手和手套进行消毒。此外,消毒溶液可在手术过程中使用,例如对暴露的骨头进行消毒。在所有情况下,所述溶液均被涂覆到待消毒表面。
药物组合物或多肽还可用来对血液和血液制品进行消毒,还用于细菌污染或感染的诊断。
在体外和体内使用中,药物组合物或多肽优选曝露于目标微生物(或者待处理表面/区域)至少5分钟。例如,曝露时间可以是至少10分钟、20分钟、30分钟、40分钟、50分钟、1小时、2小时、3小时、5小时、12小时以及24小时。
在本说明书中列出或论述的明显在先出版的文件不必当作是承认该文件是目前工艺水平的一部分或一般公知常识。
优选地,现在将参考以下附图对体现本发明的某些方面的非限制性实例进行描述。
附图说明
图1.VI型胶原蛋白针对不同株系的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的抗菌作用。(A)产脓链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌或绿脓杆菌(2x106cfu/ml)在37℃和5%CO2下用VI型胶原蛋白(2μM)孵育2小时。用Tris-HCl/葡萄糖;pH 7.4的缓冲液或者用LL-37孵育的细菌分别充当阴性或阳性对照物。(B)为了使抗微生物活性清楚呈现,细菌(2x109cfu/ml)在37℃下用VI型胶原蛋白(2μM)处理2小时,随后通过扫描电子显微术观察。与未经处理的细菌(左侧区块)相比,在VI型胶原蛋白(右侧区块)的存在下观察到强烈的膜破坏、起泡和细胞质组分喷出。标尺分别代表2μm(产脓链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)和1μm(绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌)。(C)由VI型胶原蛋白诱发的细菌膜破裂的动力学研究。产脓链球菌和绿脓杆菌(假绿色)在37℃下用VI型胶原蛋白(2μM)处理0、30、60以及120分钟,并通过扫描电子显微术观察。箭头显示膜起泡。细胞质渗出物用假紫色表示。标尺=1μm。(D)对于荧光显微术分析,细菌用如上所述的VI型胶原蛋白处理,并通过使用不透性探针FITC(下部区块)对渗透进行评估。用光学显微术(上部区块)使同一位置清楚呈现。3μM的LL-37用作膜破坏的阳性对照物,而仅使用缓冲液的细菌用作阴性对照物。绿色表明细菌裂解。图像以1000x的放大倍数获取。
图2.(A)VI型胶原蛋白结构域结构的示意图。VI型胶原蛋白由3条α-链组成,即α1(VI)、α2(VI)以及α3(VI)。VI型胶原蛋白的N-端和C-端球形结构域如之前所述进行编号(51)。括号表示表达重组片段的区域。(B)VI型胶原蛋白的重组球形结构域的肝素结合活性使用生物素化的肝素通过狭缝印迹来确定。α1(VI)、α2(VI)或α3(VI)链的重组表达的片段(10μg)显示与肝素结合。LL-37(5μg)用作阳性对照物(右侧区块)。无标记的肝素(6mg/ml)抑制生物素化的肝素与重组片段和LL-37的结合(左侧区块)。(C)重组片段与产脓链球菌的结合通过负染色和透射电子显微术使用胶体金标记来清楚呈现。在2μM的最终浓度下的重组片段显示与细菌膜结合(上部区块)。用无标记的肝素预孵育时,重组片段没有与细菌膜结合(下部区块)。标尺表示100nm。(D)在不存在(-)或存在(+)肝素的情况下重组片段与细菌表面结合的量计算为每μM2细菌表面的金标记。
图3.VI型胶原蛋白的重组球形结构域剂量依赖性地杀死产脓链球菌。(A)细菌(2x106cfu/ml)在所示浓度下,在37℃和5%CO2下用重组片段孵育2小时。(B)VI型胶原蛋白的重组球形结构域诱发膜破裂。细菌(2x109cfu/ml)用重组片段处理,并通过使用扫描电子显微术使渗透清楚呈现。在这些蛋白的存在下观察到强烈的膜破裂和细胞内容物泄漏,并用箭头表示。所示数据代表至少3个独立试验并给出平均值。标尺表示5μm。
图4.通过VWA结构域模型的结构叠加产生的人类VI型胶原蛋白α3-链中的VWA结构域的结构排列。在该序列下,分别用矩形框和黑色箭头表示α-螺旋和β-链。曝露的氨基酸用粗体字母表示,阳离子段用灰色突出显示。该序列中的矩形框表明阳离子肽以及对照肽(DVN32)的位置。序列标识符:α3_N10[SEQ ID NO:37],α3_N9[SEQ ID NO:38],α3_N8[SEQID NO:39],α3_N7[SEQ ID NO:40],α3_N6[SEQ ID NO:41],α3_N5[SEQ ID NO:42],α3_N4[SEQ ID NO:43],α3_N3[SEQ ID NO:44],α3_N2[SEQ ID NO:45],α3_C1[SEQ ID NO:46],
图5.(A)α3(VI)链的VWA结构域的表面呈现显示静电特性(黑色=正电荷;灰色=负电荷)。(B)带状图显示阳离子肽和阴性对照肽(DVN32)的位置。(C)各肽(GVR28[SEQ IDNO:1],FYL25[SEQ ID NO:2],FFL25[SEQ ID NO:3],VTT30[SEQ ID NO:4],SFV33[SEQ IDNO:5],DVN32[SEQ ID NO:6])的生物物理特性。a各肽通过其前3个NH2-端残基使用单字母代码和随后的构成该肽的残基的总数识别。b各肽的排序以单字母代码给出。cpI:使用可从http://us.expasy.org/tools/protparam.html得到的Protparam工具计算的理论等电点。
图6.源自α3(VI)链的肽的抗菌活性。(A)为了确定抗菌活性,所示细菌分离物(4x106cfu)在琼脂糖凝胶中接种,并加载肽(在100μM下)。LL-37和pH 7.4的缓冲液分别用作阳性和阴性对照物。各清除区域(clearance zone)对应于在37℃下孵育18-24小时之后的每种肽的抑制作用。针对使用所示肽的大肠杆菌(B)和金黄色葡萄球菌(C)显示了RDA凝胶的代表性视图。
图7.源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽与细菌表面结合。(A)源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽与绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌或LPS的结合通过负染色和透射电子显微术使用胶体金标记被清楚呈现。绿脓杆菌或金黄色葡萄球菌(2x109cfu/ml)在37℃和5%CO2下用与10nm胶体金缀合的LL-37、DVN32或SFV33孵育(参见表2)2小时。标尺=100nm。各肽显示为黑点。(B)对于LPS结合,与10nm胶体金缀合的LL-37、DVN32以及SFV33在37℃和5%CO2下用LPS(10μg/ml)孵育1小时。标尺=50nm。各肽显示为黑点。(C)在存在或不存在LPS(0.2mg/ml)的情况下LL-37、DVN32以及SFV33的CD谱图。肽的浓度为30μM。
图8.在盐和血浆的存在下源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽的抗菌活性。在活菌计数测试中,观察到源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽针对绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌以及产脓链球菌的抗菌活性,2x107cfu/ml的细菌在具有或不具有20%人类血浆的盐缓冲液(10mM Tris-HCl,150mM NaCl和5mM葡萄糖;pH 7.4)的存在下,在37℃和5%CO2下用源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽(0.3、0.6、3、6、30、60μM)孵育2小时。仅使用具有或不具有20%人类血浆的盐缓冲液孵育的细菌充当阴性对照物。具有LL-37的样品充当阳性对照物。所示数据代表至少3个独立的试验并给出平均值。
图9.源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽对细胞质膜的渗透。(A)绿脓杆菌或金黄色葡萄球菌(2x107cfu/ml)在存在或不存在20%人类血浆的盐缓冲液(10mM Tris-HCl,150mM NaCl和5mM葡萄糖;pH 7.4)中用源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽处理。向样品中添加碘化丙锭(PI)染料,并在黑暗中在冰上孵育30分钟。使用流式细胞仪对该混合物进行FACS分析。不具有肽的相同缓冲液用作对照物。作为阳性对照物,使用了经70%乙醇处理的细菌。每个试验重复进行三次,并且各值代表平均值±标准偏差。(B)为了使抗微生物活性清楚呈现,细菌(2x109cfu/ml)在存在或不存在20%血浆的盐缓冲液的存在下,在37℃下用LL-37、DVN32以及SFV33(30μM)处理2小时,随后通过扫描电子显微术观察。对在盐中的LL-37以及在盐和血浆条件下的SFV33,观察到强烈的膜破坏、起泡和细胞质组分喷出。经盐缓冲液、血浆或DVN32处理的细菌未显示出作用。标尺表示5μm。
图10.作为肽浓度函数的膜泄漏水平。(A)由大肠杆菌极性脂质提取物构成的脂质体在孵育45分钟之后的羧基荧光素流出水平。每个标记表示在37℃下在10mM的Tris缓冲液(pH 7.4)中的平均泄漏值,在各个肽浓度下进行的三次重复试验(即没有累积添加)具有标准偏差。曲线拟合通过S形剂量-反应曲线拟合进行,并且EC50水平用重叠线突出显示。使用了LL-37作为阳性对照物。(B)计算源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽和LL-37的EC50值(μM)。
图11.源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽的细胞毒性测试。(A)源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽和LL-37的溶血活性通过用人血孵育30或60μM的肽、接着测量540nm下的吸光度来监测。结果表达为TritonX-100诱发的溶血的%。(B)将胶原蛋白-VI肽和LL-37的连续稀释物添加至THP1细胞,并通过测定LDH的释放来测量细胞渗透。所有试验均重复三次进行。
图12.各肽的抗内毒素活性。在室温下将源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽或LL-37用LPS(10ng/ml)预处理20分钟。随后将该混合物添加至RAW 264.7巨噬细胞并在37℃下孵育24小时。上清液中的亚硝酸盐水平使用格里斯试剂确定。数据表达为经LPS(100%)活化的细胞中亚硝酸盐累积的百分比,并显示重复三次进行的3个独立试验的平均值±SEM。
图13.源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽促进伤口愈合。HaCaT细胞在24孔板中培养并生长至融汇。细胞在缺少血清的条件下保持24小时,接着通过用无菌吸管端人工刮取引入伤口,并洗涤两次以除去脱离的细胞。细胞在37℃和5%CO2下,在不存在血清的情况下用VI型胶原蛋白(10μg/ml)、源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽(10μg/ml)或LL-37(10μg/ml)处理长达24小时。在受伤时间0小时对细胞拍照,并在从添加肽开始的24小时内检查细胞迁移。对照物由经无补充物的培养基处理的细胞组成。各图像以100x的放大倍数获取。所示数据代表至少3个独立的试验。
图14.源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽针对多重耐药性微生物的抗菌活性。在活菌计数测试中,发现了源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽针对多重耐药性绿脓杆菌(MRPA)和多重耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的抗菌活性(图14A),和源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽针对多重耐药性大肠杆菌(MREC)和多重耐药性表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)的抗菌活性(图14B),以及源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽针对多重耐药性肺炎克雷伯菌(MRKP)的抗菌活性(图14C)。2x107cfu/ml的细菌在盐缓冲液(10mM Tris-HCl,150mM NaCl,5mM葡萄糖;pH 7.4)的存在下用源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽(30μM)孵育。仅用盐缓冲液孵育的细菌充当对照物。具有LL-37的样品充当阳性对照。所示数据代表至少3个独立的试验并给出平均值。
图15.VI型胶原蛋白杀死多重耐药性绿脓杆菌(MRPA)和多重耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)。细菌(2x106cfu/ml)在37℃和5%CO2下,在盐缓冲液(10mM Tris-HCl,150mMNaCl,5mM葡萄糖;pH 7.4)中用1μM的胶原蛋白VI孵育2小时。如扫描电子显微术所清楚呈现,经胶原蛋白VI(MRPA cVI,MRSA cVI)处理的细菌显示出强烈的膜破裂和细胞质内容物流出。类似地,在源自胶原蛋白VI的肽(未显示)的存在下观察到强烈的膜渗透。相比之下,未处理的细菌(MRPA、MRSA)显示出正常的结构。标尺表示2μm。
图16.VI型胶原蛋白针对各种革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性微生物的广谱抗菌活性。在活菌计数测试中,2x107cfu/ml的细菌在盐缓冲液(10mM Tris-HCl,150mM NaCl,5mM葡萄糖;pH 7.4)的存在下用VI型胶原蛋白(1μM)孵育。所示数据代表至少3个独立的试验并给出平均值。
图17.源自胶原蛋白VI的肽在侵入性绿脓杆菌感染模型中改进存活率。对小鼠腹膜内注射2×108cfu/ml的绿脓杆菌细菌,并用100μL的SFV33、GVR28或100μL PBS处理(n=6/组)。
具体实施方式
实例
实例A
引言
该研究的目的是探究VI型胶原蛋白的球形结构域在感染过程中是否在宿主防御中具有作用,以及源自这些结构域的肽是否具有类似特性。
材料和方法
细菌株和培养条件
血清型M1的产脓链球菌株AP1(40/58)来自捷克共和国布拉格的世界卫生组织链球菌的查阅和研究协作中心。金黄色葡萄球菌株111和大肠杆菌株B1351在瑞典隆德大学医院临床微生物学科收集。该研究中使用的绿脓杆菌株为PAO1(ATCC,英国特丁顿奥利(Teddington,Oly)),最初从伤口分离。所有细菌均在Todd-Hewitt液(THB2,Difco,美国密歇根州底特律)中常规生长并在37℃下,在具有5%CO2的潮湿大气中孵育。
VI型胶原蛋白α-链的N-端和C-端VWA结构域的重组表达和纯化
VI型胶原蛋白微纤丝通过胶原蛋白酶消化从牛角膜提取,如Abdillahi等人所述(36)。编码VI型胶原蛋白的非产胶原结构域的cDNA构建体在小鼠脑的总RNA上由RT-PCR产生,并使用以下引物用5′-端的NheI或XhoI和3′-端的BamHI或XhoI限制位点克隆,参见表2(38)。
表2.用于对VI型胶原蛋白的球形区域进行RT-PCR分析的引物和限制酶。
将每种扩增后的PCR产物插入经修饰的pCEP-Pu载体中,其在限制位点下游含有N-端BM-40信号肽和C-端串联strepII-标记(39)。HEK293-EBNA细胞(Invitrogen,加利福尼亚州卡尔斯巴德市)根据制造商的方案使用FuGENE6试剂(Roche,德国曼海姆)用重组质粒转染。细胞用嘌呤霉素(1μg/ml)(Sigma-Aldrich,密苏里州圣路易斯)选择,重组蛋白直接从补充有胎牛血清(Biochrom GmbH,德国柏林)的、Dulbecco的经改良eagle培养基(Invitrogen)纯化。过滤并离心(1小时,10,000x g)之后,将细胞培养上清液施加到Streptactin柱(1.5ml,IBA GmbH,德国哥廷根市),并用2.5mM脱硫生物素(Sigma-Aldrich)、10mM Tris–HCl,pH 8.0洗脱。
活菌计数测试
细菌在37℃和5%CO2下在THB-培养基中生长至对数期中期(OD620≈0.4)。随后将细菌溶液在含有5mM葡萄糖的、pH 7.4的10mM Tris中洗涤并调节至2x109cfu/ml。然后产脓链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌或绿脓杆菌在37℃下用2μM纯化的VI型胶原蛋白孵育2小时。在一些试验中,产脓链球菌在37℃下使用各种浓度(0.125、0.25、0.5、1.0以及2.0μM)的重组VI型胶原蛋白片段孵育2小时。使用Tris-HCI pH 7.4缓冲液或3μM LL-37(Innovagen,瑞典隆德市)孵育的细菌分别用作阴性和阳性对照物。为了对杀菌活性进行定量,将孵育混合物的连续稀释物铺到血琼脂平板上,接着在37℃下孵育过夜,并确定菌落形成单位(cfu)的数量。百分之百的存活率定义为在相同缓冲液中并在不存在VI型胶原蛋白或重组蛋白的相同条件下细菌全部存活。
扫描电子显微术
产脓链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌或绿脓杆菌(2x109cfu/ml)使用纯化的VI型胶原蛋白在37℃和5%CO2下在2μM的浓度下孵育0、30、60以及120分钟。在一些试验中,产脓链球菌在37℃下使用2μM的重组VI型胶原蛋白片段孵育2小时。3μM的LL-37用作阳性对照物,pH 7.4的Tris-HCl中的细菌用作阴性对照物。样品在pH 7.4的0.1M二甲胂酸钠(二甲胂酸盐缓冲液)中用2.5%的戊二醛固定,用二甲胂酸盐缓冲液洗涤,并如之前所述用递升乙醇系列脱水(40)。然后对样本用二氧化碳进行临界点干燥,并使用绝对乙醇作为中间溶剂。将组织样品固定到铝固定件上,用20nm钯/金溅镀,并在5kV加速电压下操作的Philips/FEIXL 30FEG扫描电子显微镜中检查。
荧光显微术
细菌在THB-培养基中生长至对数期中期,洗涤并重悬于含有5mM葡萄糖的10mMTris-HCl中,以获得2×107cfu/ml的悬浮液。100μl的细菌悬浮液在37℃下使用2μM纯化的VI型胶原蛋白或3μM LL-37孵育30分钟,接着添加200μl的FITC(6μg/ml,Sigma-Aldrich)并在37℃下孵育30分钟。将细菌洗涤,并通过在37℃下孵育45分钟将其固定到聚-L-赖氨酸(Sigma-Aldrich)涂覆的载玻片上。将该载玻片用Tris-HCl/葡萄糖洗涤,并通过在4℃下孵育15分钟接着在室温下孵育45分钟,用4%多聚甲醛(PFA)固定。随后使用ProlongGold抗褪色剂载体介质(Invitrogen)将载玻片固定到盖玻片上。细菌在配有Nikon DS-Fi1相机、Plan Apochromat(100x物镜)以及高数值孔径油浸电容器的Nikon Eclipse E80i荧光显微镜中清楚呈现。
肝素结合测试
将LL-37(5μg)或来自VI型胶原蛋白的重组片段(10μg)施加到硝基纤维素膜(Hybond-C;GE Healthcare,瑞典乌普萨拉市)。在室温下将膜用PBS中2%的BSA(w/v)封闭2小时,接着用PBST(具有Tween-20的PBS)洗涤,并在4℃下用60μg的肝素-生物素(Sigma-Aldrich)孵育过夜。在一些试验中,添加无标记的肝素(6mg/ml)以完成结合。洗涤之后,在室温下将膜用HRP抗生物素蛋白链菌素(Sigma-Aldrich)孵育30分钟,洗涤,并将各条带通过Supersignal West Pico化学发光底物显影系统(Thermo Fischer Scientific,丹麦罗斯基勒)清楚呈现。
透射电子显微术
重组VI型胶原蛋白片段与细菌表面的结合通过如前所述的负染色和透射电子显微术被清楚呈现(35)。简而言之,细菌在37℃下在存在或不存在肝素(10μg/ml)的情况下用重组VI型胶原蛋白片段孵育1小时。为了在电子显微镜中清楚呈现,将不同的重组片段与5nm胶体金缀合(41)。样本在60kV加速电压下操作的Philips/FEICM 100TWIN透射电子显微镜中检查。使用侧面安装的Olympus Veleta相机和ITEM获取软件记录图像。
序列和结构分析
人类VI型胶原蛋白α-链的氨基酸序列可通过UniProtKB数据库获得;α1(VI)(UniProt#P12109),α2(VI)(UniProt#P12110)和α3(VI)(UniProt#P12111)。使用4.1版的Swiss PDB Viewer DeepView进行序列比对,以分析三维结构。使用PDB代码4IGI只能得到晶体结构的小鼠α3N5(42)。不能从人类VI型胶原蛋白VWA结构域得到晶体结构,因此使用从ModBase(http://modbase.compbio.ucsf.edu)预测的模型来产生各图。α3(VI)的N1和C2结构域没有预测模型。
肽的合成
GVR28(GVRPDGFAHIRDFVSRIVRRLNIGPSKV)[SEQ ID NO:1]、
FYL25(FYLKTYRSQAPVLDAIRRLRLRGGS)[SEQ ID NO:2]、
FFL25(FFL KDFSTKRQIIDAINKVVYKGGR)[SEQ ID NO:3]、
VTT30(VTTEIRFAD SKRKSVLLDKIKNLQVALTSK)[SEQ ID NO:4]、
SFV33(SFVARNTFKR VRNGFLMRKVAVFFSNTPTRASP)[SEQ ID NO:5]、以及
DVN32(DVNVF AIGVEDADEGALKEIASEPLNMHMFNL)[SEQ ID NO:6]
通过Biopeptides(加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥)合成。这些肽的纯度(>95%)和分子量通过MALDI-TOF MS分析来确认。所有所用的肽都是水溶性的,DVN32除外,其溶于<0.01%的DMSO中。
径向扩散测试
径向扩散测试(RDA)2基本上如前所述进行(43,其通过引用并入本文),存在一些小的改动。细菌在10ml完整强度的(3%w/v)胰化酪蛋白大豆培养液(TSB)2(BectonDickinson,新泽西州富兰克林湖区)中生长至对数期中期(OD620≈0.4)。然后用10mM Tris-HCl(含有5mM葡萄糖;pH 7.4)将细菌洗涤一次。随后,将4×106cfu/ml的细菌添加至5ml的底物琼脂糖凝胶,所述琼脂糖凝胶由0.03%(w/v)TSB、1%(w/v)低电渗类型的琼脂糖以及0.02%(v/v)Tween20(两者均来自Sigma-Aldrich)组成。将底物倒入的陪替氏培养皿中。琼脂糖凝固之后,冲压出的孔,将6μl单独的10mM Tris-HCl缓冲液或者含有肽(100μM)的10mM Tris-HCl缓冲液添加至每个孔中。各板在37℃下孵育3小时,让肽扩散。然后将底物凝胶用5ml覆盖物(6%的TSB和1%的低电渗类型的琼脂糖,在蒸馏H2O中)覆盖。在37℃下孵育18至24小时之后抗微生物活性被看作每个孔周围的清除区域。
统计学分析
进行学生T检验以确定统计显著性。各值表达为平均值±标准误差,显著性确定为<0.05的P值。
结果与结论
VI型胶原蛋白通过膜渗透杀死革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性人类病原体
建立了一种综合方法将微生物测试和生化测试与高分辨率扫描电子显微术结合,以便研究VI型胶原蛋白的抗微生物特性。通过在37℃下将革兰氏阳性细菌产脓链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌、以及革兰氏阴性细菌大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌用纯化的VI型胶原蛋白孵育2小时来进行活菌计数测试。各结果显示,VI型胶原蛋白确实以与对产脓链球菌(所选择的模型生物体)所观察类似的方式显示出针对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌以及绿脓杆菌的抗菌活性(图1A)。人类基准抗微生物肽LL-37用作阳性对照物,并显示几乎100%地杀死所有细菌株。为了检查VI型胶原蛋白是否破坏细菌膜,使用了高分辨率扫描电子显微术,以便在杀死过程中以更三维的方式使细菌结构清楚呈现。细菌仅用缓冲液孵育或者用VI型胶原蛋白孵育(图1B)。各结果显示,在VI型胶原蛋白的存在下存在强烈的细菌膜结构破裂和细胞质组分外渗,表明对细菌膜的破坏(图1B,右侧区块,图1C)。这些发现与用LL-37处理之后观察到的那些(数据未显示)类似。相比之下,在对照物样品中,细菌细胞壁结构未受影响(图1B,左侧区块)。这些观察结果通过使用渗透性染料FITC进一步证实。荧光显微术分析显示,FITC的摄取仅在经VI型胶原蛋白或LL-37处理的样品中看到(图1D),因此表明细菌膜的渗透。对各种其它革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性人类病原体得到类似的观察结果(图16)。综上,这些数据表明,VI型胶原蛋白展现出针对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的广谱抗微生物活性。
含有重组VWA结构域的VI型胶原蛋白球形区域以肝素依赖性方式与细菌表面结合
带负电荷的表面在细菌膜上的亲和性是任何给定抗微生物分子诱导杀死细菌的前提,不管其作用模式如何。因此,大部分抗菌肽和抗菌蛋白的特征在于其对肝素的亲和性(32,44)。为了确定VI型胶原蛋白是否展现出类似的特性,在狭缝印迹测试中测试了生物素标记的肝素,用于与固定的VI型胶原蛋白重组片段结合(如图2A所示)。肝素以不同的强度与不同的N-端和C-端区域结合(图2B,左侧区块)。有趣的是,肝素与α3C的亲合性和阳性对照物LL-37相当。与所有片段的结合均被无标记的肝素阻断(图2B,右侧区块)。为了使这些相互作用清楚呈现,将VI型胶原蛋白片段直接与胶体金缀合,并用产脓链球菌细菌孵育。负染色和透射电子显微术显示,在不存在肝素的情况下所有片段均与细菌表面结合(图2C,上部区块)。在肝素的存在下未观察到结合,相反,金缀合物随机分布在背景中(图2C,下部区块)。对于金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌以及绿脓杆菌,在不存在或存在肝素的情况下获得了类似结果(图2D)。全长蛋白也是如此(数据未显示)。
三条VI型胶原蛋白α-链的含有重组VWA结构域的球形区域通过膜破裂诱发杀菌
为了将VI型胶原蛋白的抗菌活性与单独的N-端和C-端球形区域相关联,研究了重组蛋白对链球菌的杀菌作用。来自产脓链球菌株AP1的细菌用增加浓度的蛋白孵育,并通过活菌计数测试进行分析。在不同片段的存在下显示出剂量依赖性地杀死细菌(图3A)。有趣的是,α3(VI)的N-端和C-端区域比α1(VI)和α2(VI)的相应结构域更有效。为了在超微结构水平下分析这些发现,对用VWA结构域孵育的细菌样本通过高分辨率扫描电子显微术进行检查。如图3B所示,细菌确实显示出显著的结构改变,比如膜扰动、起泡以及细胞质成分的流出。特别地,经α3N和α3C处理的链球菌显示出显著更多的膜破裂。相比之下,在类似条件下仅用缓冲液处理的对照细菌未受影响(图3B,顶部)。这些结果表明,单独的含有VWA结构域的VI型胶原蛋白球形区域展现出杀死细菌的模式,其与全蛋白类似。
VI型胶原蛋白α3-链的VWA结构域含有具有推定的抗菌活性的两亲性氨基酸基序
阳离子性、疏水性以及两亲性特性对于抗微生物肽活性的真正核心是必要的,这是由于这些特性的组合决定诱发杀菌的程度(9,45)。因此,进行了对α3(VI)链的VWA结构域的计算机序列分析以便对这种氨基酸基序确定推定的抗微生物活性。之所以选择α3(VI)是由于原来它在如上所述的杀菌中是最有效的。首先,我们使用Swiss-Pdb Viewer程序通过比对N-端和C-端VWA结构域的序列(N10-N2和C1,参见图2A)定义了可能的二级结构。该分析显示,这些结构域被预测会采用α-螺旋(图4,矩形框)以及β-链(图4,黑色箭头)。另外,使用ModBase产生的3D模型提出,这些结构域由中心的六链疏水性β片状体,在其任一侧的侧方具有3条两亲性α螺旋(数据未显示)组成。这些发现总体上与通过对小鼠α3N5结构域进行X射线结晶术获得的结构数据一致(42)。该研究中未包括VWA结构域N1和C2(参见图2A),这是由于在任何数据库中均没有可用的分子模型。接下来,对可能会曝露于表面的氨基酸进行确定(图4,粗体字母),以便预测这些结构域与细菌膜之间可能的相互作用位点(一个或多个)。通过将这些结果与序列中带正电荷的区域(图4,用灰色突出显示)结合,对如蓝色框中所示的推定的抗微生物区域进行预测是可能的。
源自VI型胶原蛋白α3-链的VWA结构域的肽发挥杀菌活性
对具有高的总净电荷和疏水性的推定的抗微生物区域的肽序列进行了确认,这是由于这些特性是AMP的重要前提(46,47)。总的来说,从N3、N2以及C1结构域(图5,B和C)选择了5种肽。还生成了表面图像模型,以便获得这些结构域的净电荷的概观,并且C1和N3结构域在其表面上确实显示出大量的阳离子区域(图5A)。对于N2,观察到了类似模式,尽管程度较低。N10结构域显示在其表面上具有更多的阴离子残基(图5A),并且从该结构域合成的肽用作阴性对照物(DVN32)。为了验证所选的源自VWA的肽的抗菌活性,所有的肽均在针对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及绿脓杆菌的杀菌活性的径向扩散测试(RDA)中筛选。所有的肽针对所有所测试的菌株均展现出不同程度的显著杀菌活性(图6,A-C)。有趣的是,在大多数情况下,观察到的细菌杀死潜力比我们的阳性对照物(“经典的”宿主防御肽LL-37)显著更高。这些发现显示,α3(VI)链的VWA结构域含有若干抗微生物基序。
实例B
引言
该实例的目的是进一步研究源自VI型胶原蛋白的宿主防御肽的作用模式和免疫调节作用。
材料和方法
细菌株
血清型M1的产脓链球菌株AP1(40/58)来自捷克共和国布拉格的世界卫生组织链球菌查阅和研究协作中心。金黄色葡萄球菌株111和大肠杆菌株B1351在瑞典隆德大学医院临床微生物学科收集。该研究中使用的绿脓杆菌株为PAO1(ATCC,英国特丁顿奥利(Teddington Oly)),最初从伤口分离。
生长培养基
所有细菌均通过在37℃下在具有5%CO2的潮湿大气中孵育而在Todd-Hewitt液(THB,Difco,美国DI底特律)中常规生长。
VI型胶原蛋白的提取以及肽的合成
VI型胶原蛋白微纤丝通过胶原蛋白酶消化从牛角膜提取,如Spissinger等人所述(34),由Bober等人修改(35)。简而言之,将牛角膜切成小块并在含有5mM的氯化钙和蛋白酶抑制剂的Tris/盐水缓冲液中均化。该均匀混合物用1型胶原蛋白酶(沃辛顿生化公司(Worthington BioChemical Corporation),新泽西州莱克伍德)消化。未溶解材料通过在48,000×g下离心20分钟而形成丸状。将上清液以500μl的等份施加到用0.2ml/分钟的均化缓冲液平衡和洗脱的25ml的Superose 6柱上(Amersham Biosciences,瑞典乌普萨拉市)。收集0.5ml的各部分,将含有胶原蛋白VI的那些合并,并在4℃下储存。源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽(参见表3)通过Biopeptides(美国圣地亚哥)合成。LL-37(LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES)(SEQ ID NO:36)从(Innovagen AB,瑞典隆德市)购买。这些肽的纯度(>95%)和分子量通过MALDI-TOFMS分析确定。所有所用的肽均是水溶性的,DVN32除外,其溶于<0.01%的DMSO(Sigma-Aldrich,圣路易斯)中。
透射电子显微术
各肽与细菌表面和LPS的结合通过负染色和透射电子显微术被清楚呈现,如前所述(35)。简而言之,细菌(2x109cfu/ml)在37℃和5%CO2下用2μM的与10nm胶体金缀合的肽孵育2小时。对于LPS(来自大肠杆菌0111:B4,Sigma-Aldrich)结合,2μM的与10nm胶体金缀合的肽在室温下用LPS(10μg/ml)孵育1小时。在60kV加速电压下操作的Philips/FEICM100TWIN透射电子显微镜中对样本进行检查。用侧面安装的Olympus Veleta相机和ITEM获取软件对各图像进行记录。
表3.该研究中使用的肽的氨基酸序列和物化特性。
a各肽通过其前3个NH2-末端残基使用单字母代码和随后的构成该肽的残基的总数识别。
b各肽的序列以单字母代码给出。
圆二色性
对圆二色性(CD)的测量在设为25℃的、配有Jasco CDF-426S Peltier的Jasco J-810分光偏振计上进行。测量在搅拌下在30mM的肽浓度下在10mM的石英杯中至少重复两次。将LPS(0.2mg/ml)添加到一些样品中,以便研究对肽的二级结构的作用。在200至260nm的范围内对其进行监控(扫描速度为20nm/min)。将5次扫描的平均值减去基线。
杀菌测试
细菌在37℃和5%CO2下在THB培养基中生长至对数期中期(OD620≈0.4)。随后在盐缓冲液(10mM Tris-HCl,用5mM葡萄糖补充的150mM NaCl;pH 7.4)(两者均来自Sigma-Aldrich)中将细菌溶液洗涤并调节至2x107cfu/ml。各种浓度的肽(0.3、0.6、3、6、30以及60μM)在具有或不具有20%人类血浆的盐缓冲液中用细菌孵育。仅在具有或不具有血浆的盐缓冲液中孵育的细菌用作阴性对照物。具有LL-37的样品充当阳性对照物。将样品在37℃和5%CO2下孵育2小时。为了对杀菌活性进行定量,将孵育混合物的连续稀释物铺在THB琼脂板上,接着在37℃和5%CO2下孵育过夜,并确定cfu数。试验重复三次。百分之百的存活率定义为在相同缓冲液中并在不存在肽的相同条件下细菌全部存活。
碘化丙锭摄取测试
对细菌膜渗透使用碘化丙锭(PI)(Sigma-Aldrich)染料进行评估,如前所述(39)。简而言之,将细菌生长至对数期中期(OD620≈0.4),洗涤并调节至2x109cfu/ml。细菌(以1:100稀释)在具有或具有血浆的盐缓冲液的存在下与各肽(最终浓度为30μM)混合,并在37℃和5%CO2下孵育2小时。将PI(0.5mg/ml)添加至每个样品,并在黑暗中在冰上孵育30分钟。在流式细胞仪(BDAccuri流式细胞仪,Becton Dickinson,富兰克林湖区)上对样品进行分析。仅在具有或不具有人类血浆的盐缓冲液中孵育的细菌用作阴性对照物。作为阳性对照物,细菌在室温下用70%乙醇处理20分钟。膜渗透的百分比计算为经肽处理的样品的荧光强度相对于未经处理的样品的荧光强度的百分比。
扫描电子显微术
细菌(2x109cfu/ml)在37℃下在像具有或不具有血浆的盐缓冲液这样的生理条件下用30μM的肽孵育2小时。样品在pH 7.4的0.1M的二甲胂酸钠(Sigma-Aldrich)中用二甲胂酸盐缓冲液(2.5%戊二醛(Merck,德国)固定,用二甲胂酸盐缓冲液洗涤,并用递升乙醇系列脱水,如前所述(40)。将组织样品固定到铝固定件上,用20nm的钯/金溅镀,并在5kV加速电压下操作的Philips/FEI XL 30FEG扫描电子显微镜中检查。
膜渗透测试
通过将脂质溶于氯仿中、接着在N2流下蒸发、随后在真空中放置过夜,在圆底烧瓶壁中形成大肠杆菌极性脂质提取物的干燥脂质膜。脂质膜通过在55℃下搅拌(大肠杆菌)30分钟而重悬于100mM 5(6)-羧基荧光素在10mM Tris中的水溶液(在37℃下设为pH 7.4)中。然后将悬浮液涡旋,接着通过安装在LipoFast小型挤出机(Avanti Polar Lipids)中的100nm聚碳酸酯膜重复挤压,以便减小多层结构和多分散性。未俘获的羧基荧光素通过在Sephadex PD-10柱(GE Healthcare,英国小查尔伏特)上进行凝胶过滤而除去。羧基荧光素从脂质体向外部低浓度环境流出,导致自淬灭损失以及分别在492nm和517nm的激发波长和发射波长下的荧光信号增加,通过监测这一过程来测量膜的通透性。使用Varioskan FlashMultimode Reader(Thermo Fisher Scientific,马萨诸塞州沃尔瑟姆)在黑色的NuncDelta Surface 96孔板(Thermo Fisher Scientific,丹麦罗斯基勒)中对荧光进行测量。各孔用tris缓冲液中肽的2倍连续稀释物、以及不具有肽的对照物(背景)和0.16%的TritonX-100(最大泄漏)准备。将各板预热至孵育温度(37℃),并使用Varioskan一体式分配器施用脂质体溶液至在200μl中为10μM的最终脂质浓度。对每个肽浓度对脂质体系统的作用监测45分钟,此时最初的泄漏已经大大消退。所示结果代表具有标准偏差的三次重复试验的平均值,并且表达为使用TritonX-100并减去基线值产生的总泄漏的百分比。EC50值使用Graphpad Prism通过以可变斜率将S形剂量-反应曲线拟合到作为肽浓度函数(log10)的泄漏百分比来计算。
溶血测试
将来自健康个体的血液吸入含有EDTA的Vacutainer管(Becton Dickinson)中,并在800x g下离心10分钟。除去血浆和血沉棕黄层。将红细胞洗涤3次并重悬于经磷酸盐缓冲的盐水(PBS,Medicago,美国)中。细胞在37℃下在颠倒转动下用肽(最终浓度为30和60μM)孵育1小时。用2%TritonX-100(Sigma-Aldrich)孵育的细胞充当阳性对照物。然后在800xg下将样品离心10分钟。收集上清液,血红蛋白释放的吸光度在540nm下测量,并表达为TritonX-100诱发的溶血的%。
乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)测试
如前所述进行细胞毒性试验(41)。简而言之,使用补充有10%胎牛血清的、Dulbecco改良的Eagle培养基(DMEM)(PAA Laboratories)将人类单核THP-1细胞(美国模式菌种收集中心(ATCC),弗吉尼亚州马纳萨斯市)培养到96孔板中。除去培养基,随后将细胞用DMEM洗涤。DMEM中稀释的肽(1、5、10、20、50μM)一式三份进行添加。根据制造商的说明使用基于LDH的TOX-7试剂盒(Sigma-Aldrich)。在450nm下测量从死细胞释放的LDH的量。使用了2%的Triton X-100作为阳性对照物。
体外巨噬细胞的LPS刺激
将鼠类巨噬细胞类细胞(RAW264.7;ATCC)以3.5×105细胞/孔接种到96孔板中补充有10%胎牛血清和抗生素-抗霉菌素(Invitrogen,加利福尼亚州卡尔斯巴德市)的DMEM(没有酚红,PAA Laboratories)中。在37℃下孵育过夜之后,将细胞用DMEM洗涤一次。LPS(10ng/ml)在室温下用肽预孵育20分钟并添加至细胞。随后将细胞在37℃下孵育24小时。以1:1的比例将格里斯试剂(Sigma,密苏里州圣路易斯)添加至培养上清液,接着在黑暗中孵育15分钟。然后用分光光度计在550nm下测量吸光度。具有和不具有LPS刺激的细胞用作LPS诱导的阳性和阴性对照物。为了确定经肽和LPS处理后NO的产生,测试重复进行三次并分析每组的平均值。使细胞在37℃和5%CO2下在完全湿润的空气中生长。
体外伤口愈合测试
根据制造商的说明使用角质化细胞基础培养基(KBM Gold,Lonza Group AG,瑞士)以3×105细胞/孔将HaCaT细胞(ATCC)培养到24孔板中,直到融合物为止。在试验之前将细胞在不含血清的培养基中培养24小时。使用无菌吸管尖对细胞单层进行机械刮擦损害。通过用PBS洗涤2次来除去脱离的细胞。将源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽(10μg/ml)、LL-37(10μg/ml)和VI型胶原蛋白(10μg/ml)添加至细胞并在37℃下孵育24小时。基础培养基中添加和不添加10%FCS的细胞分别用作阳性和阴性对照物。所有试验均在5%CO2和37℃下在潮湿大气中进行。损害的细胞单层的图像使用显微镜(Olympus,SC30数码相机,日本东京)在刮伤后0小时和24小时获取。
统计学分析
数据使用Graphpad Prism 6进行分析。进行学生T检验以确定统计显著性。各值表达为平均值±标准误差,显著性确定为<0.05的p值。
结果与结论
源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽与细菌表面的粘附
为了检查源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽(参见表3)是否与细菌表面相互作用,金标记的肽用绿脓杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌孵育,并对其执行负染色透射电子显微术。电子显微照片显示,SFV33和LL-37能够与金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌的细菌表面粘附(图7A),其它的肽也是如此(数据未显示)。有趣的是,甚至带负电荷的对照肽DVN32也与金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌的细菌表面结合。
源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽与LPS的结合
在以下系列的试验中,为确定革兰氏阴性细菌的脂多糖(LPS)是否可以充当源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽的潜在靶标,大肠杆菌LPS用金缀合的肽孵育1小时,并对其执行负染色透射电子显微术。LL-37和SFV33两者均与LPS结合(图7B),而DVN32则略微结合。为了研究LPS与这些肽之间的相互作用,使用圆二色性(CD)分析对其二级结构进行分析。LL-37在LPS的存在下清楚地采用螺旋结构(图7C),而DVN32则未改变其结构并保持线性。CD谱显示,与显示α螺旋和β片状体的混合体(数据未显示)的其它肽(GVR28、FFL25、FYL25以及VTT30)相比,SFV3的构型改变类似于无规卷曲结构。
源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽在生理条件下显示出抗菌活性
许多AMP的抗菌活性在生理环境(比如高盐浓度或者存在血浆蛋白)中被抑制(48,49)。使用源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽进行活菌计数测试。为了这一目的,一组革兰氏阳性细菌产脓链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌以及革兰氏阴性细菌大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌在具有或不具有20%人类血浆的生理盐的存在下用源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽处理。为了进行对比,在相同浓度下使用经典的AMP LL-37。图8显示,SFV33在血浆中非常高效地杀死绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌,而其针对产脓链球菌的抗微生物活性则略微被降低。特别地,SFV33的抗微生物作用在两种条件下均是剂量依赖性的。各肽在血浆的存在下均未发挥针对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性(图8)。在盐条件下,SFV33显示出几乎与LL-37类似的作用,而GVR28则显示出略微降低的作用。相比之下,如所预期的,阴性对照肽(DVN32)未发挥抗菌活性,即使在更高的浓度下。
源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽的膜渗透活性
为了研究源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽对细菌膜的作用,测量了碘化丙锭的摄取。如图9A所示,SFV33在盐条件下在绿脓杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌上诱发了显著程度的膜渗透。也检测到SFV33在血浆中对绿脓杆菌的类似作用,但是LL-37则没有。如在金黄色葡萄球菌上所观察,其它肽在生理条件下不能诱发膜渗透。但是,它们在盐的存在下在绿脓杆菌上显示出膜破坏(图9A)。
SFV33对细菌膜的作用进一步用高分辨率扫描电子显微术进行检查。在超微结构水平下,SFV33引起细菌破裂,在盐(绿脓杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌)和血浆(绿脓杆菌)的存在下导致细胞质组分解体和喷出(图9B)。经DVN32处理的细菌未显示任何膜破坏,与对照物类似。这些结果进一步支持以下观点:源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽SFV33在与针对LL-37看到的那些类似的生理离子强度下破坏绿脓杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的细胞膜。
为了研究源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽对膜的作用,使用了脂质体模型来研究膜渗透。对各肽在脂质体模型膜系统(大肠杆菌极性脂质提取物)中测试膜泄漏。结果显示,所有的肽均具有在生理pH下导致膜渗透的能力,DVN32除外(图10A)。各肽诱发浓度依赖性地释放羧基荧光素。与VTT30相比,FYL25和SFV33诱发最高的膜泄漏(图10B)。综上,这些结果强烈支持泄漏测试、碘化丙锭摄取以及扫描电子显微术试验的意义:像SFV33这样的VI型胶原蛋白-肽的抗微生物活性很可能由对细菌细胞膜的破坏引起。
各肽对真核细胞的作用
一些AMP的一个主要副作用是它们不但对细菌膜起作用,而且它们还可能会破坏和消除真核细胞。评估了不同浓度的肽对红细胞和单核细胞的细胞毒性作用。2%TritonX-100用作细胞毒性剂,一种阳性对照物。结果显示,与LL-37相比,各肽在高达30μM的浓度下针对红细胞和单核细胞未显示任何毒性(图11A和B)。然而,SFV33则针对单核细胞在50μM下展现出毒性(图11B)。但是,这些结果表明源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽在用来杀菌的任何浓度下均未影响人类细胞的生存能力。
源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽的免疫调节特性
LPS是一种经充分研究的、革兰氏阴性细菌外膜释放的内毒素,在某些细菌疾病的发病机理中起重要作用。LPS的大量释放可导致内毒素性休克,并且引起死亡(50)。对源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽的免疫调节作用进行了研究。同时使用大肠杆菌LPS和源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽对鼠类巨噬细胞类细胞进行刺激,并使用Greiss试剂测量上清液中亚硝酸盐的量。如图12所示,添加GVR28显著抑制LPS诱发的亚硝酸盐的产生,这与经LL-37处理后看到的那些类似。相比之下,其它肽则不能阻断LPS诱发的亚硝酸盐的产生。
为了检查合成的源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽对伤口愈合的生物作用,在24孔板的孔中培养了HaCaT细胞;刮取细胞并用完整的VI型胶原蛋白、源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽或LL-37(10μg/ml)孵育。在刮取后0小时和24小时通过显微照片记录细胞迁移。如图13所示,与不具有补充物的对照物细胞相比,源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽在24小时之后显示出显著的伤口闭合能力。SFV33肽未促进伤口愈合。
实例C
引言
该研究的目的是评估源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽对对许多常规抗生素具有抗性的细菌的抗微生物作用(52,53)。另外,该研究还评估了VI型胶原蛋白对抗性细菌的膜的作用。
材料和方法
微生物和培养条件
以下多重耐药性细菌株由Lisa (隆德大学感染医学系)友情提供:绿脓杆菌(MRPA)、金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、大肠杆菌(MREC)、表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)以及肺炎克雷伯菌(MRKP)。所有所测试的多重耐药性微生物都来自患有菌血症或肺炎的患者的临床分离物。所有菌株都在37℃下,在含有5%的潮湿大气中,在Todd-Hewitt液(THB,Gibco,美国纽约州格兰德岛)中生长过夜。
抗菌活性测试
细菌在Todd-Hewitt液(OD620≈0.4)中生长至对数期中期,通过在3,500rpm下离心10分钟收集,并在TBS缓冲液中洗涤两次。将细菌悬浮液调节至每毫升2x109个菌落形成单位(cfu)。将细菌在TBS中进一步稀释并用不同的VI型胶原蛋白或VI型胶原蛋白肽浓度孵育。用TBS或3μM LL-37抗微生物肽(Innovagen,瑞典隆德市)孵育的细菌分别用作阴性或阳性对照物。将样品在37℃下,在含有5%CO2的潮湿大气中孵育2小时。将连续稀释物铺到琼脂板上,在37℃下孵育过夜,随后通过对可见菌落进行计数来确定cfu数。试验重复进行三次。
扫描电子显微术
对于高分辨率场致发射透射电子显微术(FESEM),在室温下,在二甲胂酸盐缓冲液中用2.5%戊二醛将样本固定过夜。然后将它们用二甲胂酸盐缓冲液洗涤,并用从50%(v/v)至绝对乙醇的递升乙醇系列脱水。然后将样本用二氧化碳进行临界点干燥,并使用绝对乙醇作为中间溶剂。将组织样品安装到铝固定件上,用20nm的钯/金溅镀,并在Philips/FEIXL 30FESEM扫描电子显微镜中使用Everhart-Tornley二次电子探测器检查。
结果与结论
VI型胶原蛋白和源自VI型胶原蛋白的肽针对多重耐药性哺乳动物病原体是抗微生物的为了评估VI型胶原蛋白及其肽可能的抗菌作用,将细菌用纯化的该蛋白及其肽的制剂处理。经TBS缓冲液或抗菌肽LL-37处理的细菌分别充当阴性和阳性对照物。活菌计数测试的结果显示多重耐药性人类病原体被杀死(图14A-C)。在37℃下处理2小时相较于经TBS处理的对照细菌而言显著抑制了细菌的生长。特别地,细菌清除效率与“经典的”人类抗微生物肽LL-37相当或者更佳。
VI型胶原蛋白的杀死特性与如电子显微术所确定的链球菌和假单胞菌属的膜破裂相关
为了更详细地理解内在的杀死机制,人类皮肤活检组织在存在或不存在VI型胶原蛋白的情况下用MRSA和MRPA(作为模型系统)接种,并通过扫描电子显微术观察。如所显示的,图15说明该分子的杀菌作用。在VI型胶原蛋白的存在下观察到膜扰动、起泡以及细胞质内容物的渗出。大规模的膜去稳定化事件最终导致细菌细胞解体为细胞膜小泡和细胞质排出物的混合物。综上,图14和15中呈现的数据显示,VI型胶原蛋白和/或该分子的数个部分通过包括膜破裂在内的机制针对多重耐药性人类病原体发挥抗微生物活性。抗微生物作用在生理pH和盐浓度下是剂量依赖性的。
实例D
引言
该研究的目的是评估源自胶原蛋白VI氨基酸序列的两亲性肽,在小鼠的体内感染模型中,在侵入性绿脓杆菌(简写为绿脓杆菌)的细菌感染中的抗微生物作用。
材料和方法
微生物和培养条件
在37℃下在含有5%CO2的潮湿大气中将绿脓杆菌15159菌株在Todd-Hewitt液(THB,Gibco,美国纽约州格兰德岛)中生长过夜。
动物试验
动物试验根据经隆德大学地区伦理委员会批准的方案进行。动物在标准的光线和温度条件下圈养并且可自由接触标准实验室饲料和水。将绿脓杆菌15159细菌生长至指数生长期中期(A620~0.5),在PBS中洗涤并稀释至2×108cfu/ml,并在冰上放置直到被用来注射。8周龄的雌性BALB/c小鼠用异氟烷麻醉,并用100μL细菌溶液进行腹膜内注射,接着在15分钟之后注射100μL SFV33或GVR28肽(1mg/ml),或者仅注射100μL PBS(对照组)。
结果
用源自胶原蛋白VI的肽处理对感染小鼠的存活率的影响
在鼠存活率研究中显示出了SFV33和GVR28的有益效果。腹膜内受感染的小鼠在感染之后用单剂量的SFV33或GVR28治疗15分钟,并记录存活率。图17显示,用PBS治疗的感染小鼠中有50%在前12小时期间死亡。相比之下,在经SFV33和GVR28治疗的组中,在24小时之后的动物中才观察到50%的死亡率。对SFV33/GVR28组和PBS组的总体死亡率进行对比,经肽治疗的动物组在29小时之后终止试验时均显示出延长的存活期。
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17.Brown,K.L.和Hancock,R.E.(2006)阳离子宿主防御(抗微生物)肽。(Cationichost defence(antimicrobial)peptides.)《免疫学新见(Current OpinioninImmunology)》18,24-30
18.Bowdish,D.M.,Davidson,D.J.和Hancock,R.E.(2005)重新评估宿主防御肽在哺乳动物免疫中的作用。(A re-evaluation of the role of host defence peptides inmammalian immunity.)《当今蛋白质与肽科学(Current Protein&Peptide Science)》6,35-51
19.Bradshaw,J.(2003)阳离子抗微生物肽:潜在的临床使用中的问题。(Cationicantimicrobial peptides:issues for potential clinical use.)《生物制药:临床免疫疗法、生物制剂以及基因疗法(BioDrugs:Clinical Immunotherapeutics,Biopharmaceuticals and Gene Therapy)》17,233-240
20.Singh,B.,Fleury,C.,Jalalvand,F.和Riesbeck,K.(2012)人类病原体利用宿主胞外基质蛋白层粘连蛋白和胶原蛋白来粘附和侵入宿主。(Human pathogens utilizehost extracellular matrix proteins laminin and collagen for adhesion andinvasion of the host.)《欧洲微生物学会联合会微生物学综述(FEMS MicrobiologyReviews)》36,1122-1180
21.Senyurek,I.,Kempf,W.E.,Klein,G.,Maurer,A.,Kalbacher,H.,Schafer,L.,Wanke,I.,Christ,C.,Stevanovic,S.,Schaller,M.,Rousselle,P.,Garbe,C.,Biedermann,T.和Schittek,B.(2014)层粘连蛋白α链的加工产生参与伤口愈合和宿主防御的肽。(Processing of Laminin alpha Chains Generates Peptides Involved in WoundHealing and Host Defence.)《先天性免疫杂志(Journal of Innate Immunity)》
22.Senyurek,I.,Klein,G.,Kalbacher,H.,Deeg,M.和Schittek,B.(2010)源自人类层粘连蛋白α4和α5链的肽展现出抗微生物活性。(Peptides derived from the humanlaminin alpha4 and alpha5 chains exhibit antimicrobial activity.)《肽(Peptides)》31,1468-1472
23.Brennan,E.P.,Reing,J.,Chew,D.,Myers-Irvin,J.M.,Young,E.J.和Badylak,S.F.(2006)由胞外基质组成的生物支架的降解产物内的抗菌活性。(Antibacterial activity within degradation products of biological scaffoldscomposed of extracellular matrix.)《组织工程(Tissue Engineering)》12,2949-2955
24.Sarikaya,A.,Record,R.,Wu,C.C.,Tullius,B.,Badylak,S.和Ladisch,M.(2002)与胞外基质相关的抗微生物活性。(Antimicrobial activity associated withextracellular matrices.)《组织工程(Tissue Engineering)》8,63-71
25.Specks,U.,Mayer,U.,Nischt,R.,Spissinger,T.,Mann,K.,Timpl,R.,Engel,J.和Chu,M.L.(1992)VI型胶原蛋白α3链的重组N-端小球的结构以及其与肝素和玻尿酸的结合。(Structure of recombinant N-terminal globule of type VI collagen alpha3chain and its binding to heparin and hyaluronan.)《欧洲分子生物学组织杂志(TheEMBO Journal)》11,4281-4290
26.Chu,M.L.,Pan,T.C.,Conway,D.,Kuo,H.J.,Glanville,R.W.,Timpl,R.,Mann,K.和Deutzmann,R.(1989)对人类VI型胶原蛋白的α1(VI)和α2(VI)链的序列分析显示与血管性血友病因子的结构域A类似的内部三倍复制的球形结构域以及羧基末端不同的两个α2(VI)链变体。(Sequence analysis of alpha 1(VI)and alpha2(VI)chains of humantype VI collagen reveals internal triplication of globular domains similar tothe A domains of von Willebrand factor and two alpha 2(VI)chain variants thatdiffer in the carboxy terminus.)《欧洲分子生物学组织杂志(The EMBO Journal)》8,1939-1946
27.Chu,M.L.,Zhang,R.Z.,Pan,T.C.,Stokes,D.,Conway,D.,Kuo,H.J.,Glanville,R.,Mayer,U.,Mann,K.,Deutzmann,R.和等人(1990)人类VI型胶原蛋白α3链中的球形结构域的镶嵌结构:与血管性血友病因子、纤维连接蛋白、肌动蛋白、唾液蛋白以及抑肽酶类蛋白酶抑制剂的类似性。(Mosaic structure of globular domains in thehuman type VI collagen alpha 3chain:similarity to von Willebrand factor,fibronectin,actin,salivary proteins and aprotinin type protease inhibitors.)《欧洲分子生物学组织杂志(The EMBO Journal)》9,385-393
28.Chu,M.L.,Pan,T.C.,Conway,D.,Saitta,B.,Stokes,D.,Kuo,H.J.,Glanville,R.W.,Timpl,R.,Mann,K.和Deutzmann,R.(1990)VI型胶原蛋白的结构。(Thestructure of type VI collagen.)《纽约科学院年报(Annals of the New York Academyof Sciences)》580,55-63
29.Lamande,S.R.,M.,Adams,N.E.,Selan,C.和Allen,J.M.(2006)VI型胶原蛋白α3(VI)链的C5结构域对于胞外微纤丝的形成很重要,并且存在于经培养的细胞的胞外基质中。(The C5 domain of the collagen type VI alpha3(VI)chain is criticalfor extracellular microfibril formation and is present in the extracellularmatrix of cultured cells.)《生物化学杂志(The Journal of Biological Chemistry)》281,16607-16614
30.Cescon,M.,Gattazzo,F.,Chen,P.和Bonaldo,P.(2015)初看胶原蛋白VI。(Collagen VI at a glance.)《细胞科学杂志(Journal of Cell Science)》128,3525-3531
31.Hileman,R.E.,Fromm,J.R.,Weiler,J.M.和Linhardt,R.J.(1998)聚氨基葡糖-蛋白相互作用:聚氨基葡糖结合蛋白中的共有位点的定义。(Glycosaminoglycan-protein interactions:definition of consensus sites in glycosaminoglycanbinding proteins.)《生物学分析:分子、细胞以及发育生物学中的新闻与综述(BioEssays:News and Reviews In Molecular,Cellular and Developmental Biology)》20,156-167
32.Andersson,E.,V.,Sonesson,A.,M.,L.和Schmidtchen,A.(2004)与肝素结合的肽的抗微生物活性。(Antimicrobial activities ofheparin-binding peptides.)《欧洲生化杂志/欧洲生物化学学会联合会(EuropeanJournal of Biochemistry/FEBS)》271,1219-1226
33.Ringstad,L.,Schmidtchen,A.和Malmsten,M.(2006)肽长度对共有肽与DOPC/DOPA双层之间的相互作用的影响。(Effect of peptide length on the interactionbetween consensus peptides and DOPC/DOPA bilayers.)《朗缪尔-美国化学学会表面与胶体杂志(Langmuir:The ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids)》22,5042-5050
34.Spissinger,T与Engel,J.(1995)牛角膜的VI型胶原蛋白珠状微纤丝在酸性pH下解聚,并且解聚和聚合不受玻尿酸的影响。(Type VI collagen beaded microfibrilsfrom bovine cornea depolymerize at acidic pH,and depolymerization andpolymerization are not influenced by hyaluronan.)《基质生物学(Matrix Biol.)》14(6):499-505。
35.Bober,M.,Enochsson,C.,Collin,M.和M.(2010)胶原蛋白VI是人类呼吸道病原体的上皮下粘附靶标。(Collagen VI is a subepithelial adhesive targetfor human respiratory tract pathogens.)《先天性免疫杂志(Journal of InnateImmunity)》2,160-166
36.Abdillahi,S.M.,Balvanovic,S.,Baumgarten,M.和M.(2012)胶原蛋白VI编码抗微生物活性:新颖的先天性宿主胞外基质防御特性。(Collagen VI encodesantimicrobial activity:novel innate host defence properties of theextracellular matrix.)《先天性免疫杂志(Journal of Innate Immunity)》4,371-376
37.Abdillahi,S.M.,Bober,M.,Nordin,S.,Hallgren,O.,Baumgarten,M.,J.,Westergren-Thorsson,G.,Bjermer,L.,Riesbeck,K.,Egesten,A.和M.(2015)胶原蛋白VI在慢性阻塞性肺病中被上调并且充当粘膜炎莫拉氏菌的粘附靶标和杀菌屏障两者。(Collagen VI Is Upregulated in COPD and Serves Both as anAdhesive Target and a Bactericidal Barrier for Moraxella catarrhalis.)《先天性免疫杂志(Journal of Innate Immunity)》
38.Gara,S.K.,Grumati,P.,Squarzoni,S.,Sabatelli,P.,Urciuolo,A.,Bonaldo,P.,Paulsson,M.和Wagener,R.(2011)小鼠中新胶原蛋白VI链的差异表达和受限表达。(Differential and restricted expression of novel collagen VI chains inmouse.)《基质生物学:国际基质生物学学会杂志(Matrix Biology:Journal of TheInternational Society For Matrix Biology)》30,248-257
39.Maertens,B.,Hopkins,D.,Franzke,C.W.,Keene,D.R.,Bruckner-Tuderman,L.,Greenspan,D.S.和Koch,M.(2007)神经胶质蛋白(郎飞结形成需要的一种跨膜胶原蛋白)的切割和低聚。(Cleavage and oligomerization of gliomedin,a transmembranecollagen required for node of ranvier formation.)《生物化学杂志(The Journal ofBiological Chemistry)》282,10647-10659
40.Oehmcke,S.,M.和Herwald,H.(2009)人类接触系统对嗜中性胞外捕捉器的激活。(Activation of the human contact system on neutrophilextracellular traps.)《先天性免疫杂志(Journal of Innate Immunity)》1,225-230
41.Baschong,W.和Wrigley,N.G.(1990)与Fab片段或与免疫球蛋白G缀合的小胶体金作为电子显微术的高分辨率标签:技术概观。(Small colloidal gold conjugated toFab fragments or to immunoglobulin G as high-resolution labels for electronmicroscopy:a technical overview.)《电子显微术技术杂志(Journal of ElectronMicroscopy Technique)》14,313-323
42.Becker,A.K.,Mikolajek,H.,Paulsson,M.,Wagener,R.和Werner,J.M.(2014)胶原蛋白VI VWA结构域的结构显示位于蛋白相对侧的N端和C端。(A structure ofacollagen VI VWA domain displays N and C termini at opposite sides of theprotein.)《结构(Structure)》22,199-208
43.Lehrer,R.I.,Rosenman,M.,Harwig,S.S.,Jackson,R.和Eisenhauer,P.(1991)内源性抗微生物多肽的超灵敏分析。(Ultrasensitive assays for endogenousantimicrobial polypeptides.)《免疫方法杂志(Journal of Immunological Methods)》137,167-173
44.Malmsten,M.,Davoudi,M.和Schmidtchen,A.(2006)通过来自PRELP和凝血栓蛋白的、与肝素结合的肽杀菌。(Bacterial killing by heparin-binding peptides fromPRELP and thrombospondin.)《基质生物学:国际基质生物学学会杂志(Matrix Biology:Journal of The International Society for Matrix Biology)》25,294-300
45.Wimley,W.C.(2010)使用界面活性模型来说明抗微生物肽作用的机理。(Describing the mechanism of antimicrobial peptide action with theinterfacial activity model.)《美国化学学会化学生物学(ACS Chemical Biology)》5,905-917
46.Kasetty,G.,Papareddy,P.,Kalle,M.,V.,Walse,B.,Svensson,B.,M.,Malmsten,M.和Schmidtchen,A.(2011)几种人类丝胺酸蛋白酶的C-端序列编码宿主防御功能。(The C-terminal sequence of several human serine proteasesencodes host defence functions.)《先天性免疫杂志(Journal of Innate Immunity)》3,471-482
47.Pasupuleti,M.,Walse,B.,Svensson,B.,Malmsten,M.和Schmidtchen,A.(2008)使用基于集成结构和功能的方法合理设计具有增强的抗葡萄球菌作用的、抗微生物的C3a类似物。(Rational design of antimicrobial C3a analogues with enhancedeffects against Staphylococci using an integrated structure and function-based approach.)《生物化学(Biochemistry)》47,9057-9070
48.Wang,Y.,Agerberth,B.,Lothgren,A.,Almstedt,A.和Johansson,J.(1998)载脂蛋白A-I结合并抑制人类抗菌/细胞毒肽LL-37。(Apolipoprotein A-I binds andinhibits the human antibacterial/cytotoxic peptide LL-37.)《生物化学杂志(TheJournal of Biological Chemistry)》273,33115-33118
49.Ganz,T.(2001)宿主防御中的抗微生物蛋白和肽。(Antimicrobial proteinsand peptides in host defence.)《呼吸道感染研讨会(Seminars In RespiratoryInfections)》16,4-10
50.Ramachandran,G.(2014)败血症中的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌毒素:简要综述。(Gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial toxins in sepsis:a briefreview.)《病毒性(Virulence)》5,213-218
51.Chu,M.L.,Conway,D.,Pan,T,C.,Baldwin,C.,Mann,K.,Deutzmann,R.和Timpl,R.(1988)人类VI型胶原蛋白的三螺旋结构域的氨基酸序列。(Amino acid sequenceof the triple-helical domain of human collagen type VI.)《生物化学杂志(TheJournal of Biological Chemistry)》263,18601-18606
52.MacVane,S.H.(2016)重病监护室中的抗微生物剂抗性:关注革兰氏阴性细菌感染。(Antimicrobial Resistance in the Intensive Care Unit:AFocus on Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections.)《重症监护医学杂志(The Journal of IntensiveCare Medicine)》,[印刷前的电子版]
53.Bhattacharya,P.K.(2014)耐抗生素细菌株、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、扩展谱β内酰胺酶、以及多重抗药性的出现是一个与全球变暖类似的问题。(Emergence ofantibiotic-resistant bacterial strains,methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus,extended spectrum beta lactamases,and multi-drug resistance is aproblem similar to global warming.)《巴西热带医学杂志(Revistada SociedadeBrasileirade Medicina Tropical)》47,815-816
序列表
<110> Colzyx AB
<120> 新的多肽及其医疗用途
<130> COLBA/P62348PC
<140> EPPCT/2017/051246
<141> 2017-01-20
<150> GB - 1601136.3
<151> 2016-01-21
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<170> BiSSAP 1.3.6
<210> 1
<211> 28
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> GVR28肽
<400> 1
Gly Val Arg Pro Asp Gly Phe Ala His Ile Arg Asp Phe Val Ser Arg
1 5 10 15
Ile Val Arg Arg Leu Asn Ile Gly Pro Ser Lys Val
20 25
<210> 2
<211> 25
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> FYL25肽
<400> 2
Phe Tyr Leu Lys Thr Tyr Arg Ser Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Asp Ala Ile
1 5 10 15
Arg Arg Leu Arg Leu Arg Gly Gly Ser
20 25
<210> 3
<211> 25
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> FFL25肽
<400> 3
Phe Phe Leu Lys Asp Phe Ser Thr Lys Arg Gln Ile Ile Asp Ala Ile
1 5 10 15
Asn Lys Val Val Tyr Lys Gly Gly Arg
20 25
<210> 4
<211> 30
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> VTT30肽
<400> 4
Val Thr Thr Glu Ile Arg Phe Ala Asp Ser Lys Arg Lys Ser Val Leu
1 5 10 15
Leu Asp Lys Ile Lys Asn Leu Gln Val Ala Leu Thr Ser Lys
20 25 30
<210> 5
<211> 33
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> SFV33肽
<400> 5
Ser Phe Val Ala Arg Asn Thr Phe Lys Arg Val Arg Asn Gly Phe Leu
1 5 10 15
Met Arg Lys Val Ala Val Phe Phe Ser Asn Thr Pro Thr Arg Ala Ser
20 25 30
Pro
<210> 6
<211> 32
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> DVN32肽
<400> 6
Asp Val Asn Val Phe Ala Ile Gly Val Glu Asp Ala Asp Glu Gly Ala
1 5 10 15
Leu Lys Glu Ile Ala Ser Glu Pro Leu Asn Met His Met Phe Asn Leu
20 25 30
<210> 7
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
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<400> 7
Lys Pro Glu Ile Leu Asn Leu Val Lys Arg Met Lys Ile Lys Thr Gly
1 5 10 15
Lys Ala Leu Asn
20
<210> 8
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
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<400> 8
Gly Phe Ala His Ile Arg Asp Phe Val Ser Arg Ile Val Arg Arg Leu
1 5 10 15
Asn Ile Gly Pro
20
<210> 9
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> QAP20肽
<400> 9
Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Asp Ala Ile Arg Arg Leu Arg Leu Arg Gly Gly
1 5 10 15
Ser Pro Leu Asn
20
<210> 10
<211> 20
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<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> KGF20肽
<400> 10
Lys Gly Phe Glu Ser Lys Val Asp Ala Ile Leu Asn Arg Ile Ser Gln
1 5 10 15
Met His Arg Val
20
<210> 11
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
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<400> 11
Arg Lys Val Ala Val Phe Phe Ser Asn Thr Pro Thr Arg Ala Ser Pro
1 5 10 15
Gln Leu Arg Glu
20
<210> 12
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> VAA20
<400> 12
Val Ala Ala Lys Pro Val Ala Thr Lys Met Ala Val Arg Pro Pro Val
1 5 10 15
Ala Val Lys Pro
20
<210> 13
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> AAK20肽
<400> 13
Ala Ala Lys Pro Val Ala Thr Lys Pro Glu Val Pro Arg Pro Gln Ala
1 5 10 15
Ala Lys Pro Ala
20
<210> 14
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
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<400> 14
Thr Thr Lys Pro Val Thr Thr Thr Lys Pro Val Thr Thr Thr Thr Lys
1 5 10 15
Pro Val Thr Thr
20
<210> 15
<211> 76
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> AAA76肽
<400> 15
Ala Ala Ala Lys Pro Ala Pro Ala Lys Pro Val Ala Ala Lys Pro Val
1 5 10 15
Ala Thr Lys Met Ala Thr Val Arg Pro Pro Val Ala Val Lys Pro Ala
20 25 30
Thr Ala Ala Lys Pro Val Ala Ala Lys Pro Ala Ala Val Arg Pro Pro
35 40 45
Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Lys Pro Val Ala Thr Lys Pro Glu Val Pro Arg
50 55 60
Pro Gln Ala Ala Lys Pro Ala Ala Thr Lys Pro Ala
65 70 75
<210> 16
<211> 36
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> TSS36肽
<400> 16
Thr Ser Ser Pro Thr Ser Asn Pro Val Thr Thr Thr Lys Pro Val Thr
1 5 10 15
Thr Thr Lys Pro Val Thr Thr Thr Thr Lys Pro Val Thr Thr Thr Thr
20 25 30
Lys Pro Val Thr
35
<210> 17
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> YDR20肽
<400> 17
Tyr Asp Arg Leu Ile Lys Glu Ser Arg Arg Gln Lys Thr Arg Val Phe
1 5 10 15
Ala Val Val Ile
20
<210> 18
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> EQN20肽
<400> 18
Glu Gln Asn Phe His Lys Ala Arg Arg Phe Val Glu Gln Val Ala Arg
1 5 10 15
Arg Leu Thr Leu
20
<210> 19
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> VVH20肽
<400> 19
Val Val His Ala Ile Asn Ala Ile Val Arg Ser Pro Arg Gly Gly Ala
1 5 10 15
Arg Arg His Ala
20
<210> 20
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> LRL20肽
<400> 20
Leu Arg Leu Lys Pro Tyr Gly Ala Leu Val Asp Lys Val Lys Ser Phe
1 5 10 15
Thr Lys Arg Phe
20
<210> 21
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> FTK20肽
<400> 21
Phe Thr Lys Arg Phe Ile Asp Asn Leu Arg Asp Arg Tyr Tyr Arg Cys
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Asn Leu
20
<210> 22
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> RDA20肽
<400> 22
Arg Asp Ala Leu Lys Ser Ser Val Asp Ala Val Lys Tyr Phe Gly Lys
1 5 10 15
Gly Thr Tyr Thr
20
<210> 23
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> TKR20肽
<400> 23
Thr Lys Arg Phe Ala Lys Arg Leu Ala Glu Arg Phe Leu Thr Ala Gly
1 5 10 15
Arg Thr Asp Pro
20
<210> 24
<211> 28
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> α1N(fw)引物
<400> 24
agagctagca tgccctgtgg atctattc 28
<210> 25
<211> 29
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> α1N(rev)引物
<400> 25
gcactcgaga atcatgtcca caatggtgt 29
<210> 26
<211> 29
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> α1C(fw)引物
<400> 26
gcagctagct gcacatgtgg acccattga 29
<210> 27
<211> 27
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> α1C(rev)引物
<400> 27
aacctcgagg cccagtgcca ccttcct 27
<210> 28
<211> 27
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> α2N(fw)引物
<400> 28
agagctagca aggccgactg cccagtc 27
<210> 29
<211> 27
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> α2N(rev)引物
<400> 29
gcactcgagg accttgatga tgcggtt 27
<210> 30
<211> 27
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> α2C(fw)引物
<400> 30
gaagctagct gtgagaagcg ctgtggt 27
<210> 31
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> α2C(rev)引物
<400> 31
gcaggatcca cagatccagc ggatg 25
<210> 32
<211> 32
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> α3N(fw)引物
<400> 32
tatctcgagc tgatggatct gctgtgaggt ta 32
<210> 33
<211> 39
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> α3N(rev)引物
<400> 33
aggaaccagg gatcccaggg gcctgtcata catgaagcc 39
<210> 34
<211> 32
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> α3C(fw)引物
<400> 34
aaagctagcc tggagtgccc tgtattccca ac 32
<210> 35
<211> 32
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> α3C(rev)引物
<400> 35
tttggatcct caaactgtta actcaggact ac 32
<210> 36
<211> 37
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> LL-37肽
<400> 36
Leu Leu Gly Asp Phe Phe Arg Lys Ser Lys Glu Lys Ile Gly Lys Glu
1 5 10 15
Phe Lys Arg Ile Val Gln Arg Ile Lys Asp Phe Leu Arg Asn Leu Val
20 25 30
Pro Arg Thr Glu Ser
35
<210> 37
<211> 185
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<223> VI型人类胶原蛋白α3-链VWA结构域α3_N10
<400> 37
Ala Asp Ile Ile Phe Leu Val Asp Ser Ser Trp Thr Ile Gly Glu Glu
1 5 10 15
His Phe Gln Leu Val Arg Glu Phe Leu Tyr Asp Val Val Lys Ser Leu
20 25 30
Ala Val Gly Glu Asn Asp Phe His Phe Ala Leu Val Gln Phe Asn Gly
35 40 45
Asn Pro His Thr Glu Phe Leu Leu Asn Thr Tyr Arg Thr Lys Gln Glu
50 55 60
Val Leu Ser His Ile Ser Asn Met Ser Tyr Ile Gly Gly Thr Asn Gln
65 70 75 80
Thr Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Tyr Ile Met Gln Ser His Leu Thr Lys Ala
85 90 95
Ala Gly Ser Arg Ala Gly Asp Gly Val Pro Gln Val Ile Val Val Leu
100 105 110
Thr Asp Gly His Ser Lys Asp Gly Leu Ala Leu Pro Ser Ala Glu Leu
115 120 125
Lys Ser Ala Asp Val Asn Val Phe Ala Ile Gly Val Glu Asp Ala Asp
130 135 140
Glu Gly Ala Leu Lys Glu Ile Ala Ser Glu Pro Leu Asn Met His Met
145 150 155 160
Phe Asn Leu Glu Asn Phe Thr Ser Leu His Asp Ile Val Gly Asn Leu
165 170 175
Val Ser Cys Val His Ser Ser Val Ser
180 185
<210> 38
<211> 188
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<223> VI型人类胶原蛋白α3-链VWA结构域α3_N9
<400> 38
Thr Ala Gln Asp Ser Ala Asp Ile Ile Phe Leu Ile Asp Gly Ser Asn
1 5 10 15
Asn Thr Gly Ser Val Asn Phe Ala Val Ile Leu Asp Phe Leu Val Asn
20 25 30
Leu Leu Glu Lys Leu Pro Ile Gly Thr Gln Gln Ile Arg Val Gly Val
35 40 45
Val Gln Phe Ser Asp Glu Pro Arg Thr Met Phe Ser Leu Asp Thr Tyr
50 55 60
Ser Thr Lys Ala Gln Val Leu Gly Ala Val Lys Ala Leu Gly Phe Ala
65 70 75 80
Gly Gly Glu Leu Ala Asn Ile Gly Leu Ala Leu Asp Phe Val Val Glu
85 90 95
Asn His Phe Thr Arg Ala Gly Gly Ser Arg Val Glu Glu Gly Val Pro
100 105 110
Gln Val Leu Val Leu Ile Ser Ala Gly Pro Ser Ser Asp Glu Ile Arg
115 120 125
Tyr Gly Val Val Ala Leu Lys Gln Ala Ser Val Phe Ser Phe Gly Leu
130 135 140
Gly Ala Gln Ala Ala Ser Arg Ala Glu Leu Gln His Ile Ala Thr Asp
145 150 155 160
Asp Asn Leu Val Phe Thr Val Pro Glu Phe Arg Ser Phe Gly Asp Leu
165 170 175
Gln Glu Lys Leu Leu Pro Tyr Ile Val Gly Val Ala
180 185
<210> 39
<211> 180
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<223> VI型人类胶原蛋白α3-链VWA结构域α3_N8
<400> 39
Asp Ile Val Phe Leu Val Asp Gly Ser Ser Ala Leu Gly Leu Ala Asn
1 5 10 15
Phe Asn Ala Ile Arg Asp Phe Ile Ala Lys Val Ile Gln Arg Leu Glu
20 25 30
Ile Gly Gln Asp Leu Ile Gln Val Ala Val Ala Gln Tyr Ala Asp Thr
35 40 45
Val Arg Pro Glu Phe Tyr Phe Asn Thr His Pro Thr Lys Arg Glu Val
50 55 60
Ile Thr Ala Val Arg Lys Met Lys Pro Leu Asp Gly Ser Ala Leu Tyr
65 70 75 80
Thr Gly Ser Ala Leu Asp Phe Val Arg Asn Asn Leu Phe Thr Ser Ser
85 90 95
Ala Gly Tyr Arg Ala Ala Glu Gly Ile Pro Lys Leu Leu Val Leu Ile
100 105 110
Thr Gly Gly Lys Ser Leu Asp Glu Ile Ser Gln Pro Ala Gln Glu Leu
115 120 125
Lys Arg Ser Ser Ile Met Ala Phe Ala Ile Gly Asn Lys Gly Ala Asp
130 135 140
Gln Ala Glu Leu Glu Glu Ile Ala Phe Asp Ser Ser Leu Val Phe Ile
145 150 155 160
Pro Ala Glu Phe Arg Ala Ala Pro Leu Gln Gly Met Leu Pro Gly Leu
165 170 175
Leu Ala Pro Leu
180
<210> 40
<211> 182
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<223> VI型人类胶原蛋白α3-链VWA结构域α3_N7
<400> 40
Asp Ile Ile Phe Leu Leu Asp Gly Ser Ala Asn Val Gly Lys Thr Asn
1 5 10 15
Phe Pro Tyr Val Arg Asp Phe Val Met Asn Leu Val Asn Ser Leu Asp
20 25 30
Ile Gly Asn Asp Asn Ile Arg Val Gly Leu Val Gln Phe Ser Asp Thr
35 40 45
Pro Val Thr Glu Phe Ser Leu Asn Thr Tyr Gln Thr Lys Ser Asp Ile
50 55 60
Leu Gly His Leu Arg Gln Leu Gln Leu Gln Gly Gly Ser Gly Leu Asn
65 70 75 80
Thr Gly Ser Ala Leu Ser Tyr Val Tyr Ala Asn His Phe Thr Glu Ala
85 90 95
Gly Gly Ser Arg Ile Arg Glu His Val Pro Gln Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu
100 105 110
Thr Ala Gly Gln Ser Glu Asp Ser Tyr Leu Gln Ala Ala Asn Ala Leu
115 120 125
Thr Arg Ala Gly Ile Leu Thr Phe Cys Val Gly Ala Ser Gln Ala Asn
130 135 140
Lys Ala Glu Leu Glu Gln Ile Ala Phe Asn Pro Ser Leu Val Tyr Leu
145 150 155 160
Met Asp Asp Phe Ser Ser Leu Pro Ala Leu Pro Gln Gln Leu Ile Gln
165 170 175
Pro Leu Thr Thr Tyr Val
180
<210> 41
<211> 179
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<223> VI型人类胶原蛋白α3-链VWA结构域α3_N6
<400> 41
Ser Lys Arg Asp Ile Leu Phe Leu Phe Asp Gly Ser Ala Asn Leu Val
1 5 10 15
Gly Gln Phe Pro Val Val Arg Asp Phe Leu Tyr Lys Ile Ile Asp Glu
20 25 30
Leu Asn Val Lys Pro Glu Gly Thr Arg Ile Ala Val Ala Gln Tyr Ser
35 40 45
Asp Asp Val Lys Val Glu Ser Arg Phe Asp Glu His Gln Ser Lys Pro
50 55 60
Glu Ile Leu Asn Leu Val Lys Arg Met Lys Ile Lys Thr Gly Lys Ala
65 70 75 80
Leu Asn Leu Gly Tyr Ala Leu Asp Tyr Ala Gln Arg Tyr Ile Phe Val
85 90 95
Lys Ser Ala Gly Ser Arg Ile Glu Asp Gly Val Leu Gln Phe Leu Val
100 105 110
Leu Leu Val Ala Gly Arg Ser Ser Asp Arg Val Asp Gly Pro Ala Ser
115 120 125
Asn Leu Lys Gln Ser Gly Val Val Pro Phe Ile Phe Gln Ala Lys Asn
130 135 140
Ala Asp Pro Ala Glu Leu Glu Gln Ile Val Leu Ser Pro Ala Phe Ile
145 150 155 160
Leu Ala Ala Glu Ser Leu Pro Lys Ile Gly Asp Leu His Pro Gln Ile
165 170 175
Val Asn Leu
<210> 42
<211> 182
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<223> VI型人类胶原蛋白α3-链VWA结构域α3_N5
<400> 42
Glu Lys Asp Val Val Phe Leu Leu Asp Gly Ser Glu Gly Val Arg Ser
1 5 10 15
Gly Phe Pro Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Val Gln Arg Val Val Glu Ser Leu
20 25 30
Asp Val Gly Gln Asp Arg Val Arg Val Ala Val Val Gln Tyr Ser Asp
35 40 45
Arg Thr Arg Pro Glu Phe Tyr Leu Asn Ser Tyr Met Asn Lys Gln Asp
50 55 60
Val Val Asn Ala Val Arg Gln Leu Thr Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Thr Pro
65 70 75 80
Asn Thr Gly Ala Ala Leu Glu Phe Val Leu Arg Asn Ile Leu Val Ser
85 90 95
Ser Ala Gly Ser Arg Ile Thr Glu Gly Val Pro Gln Leu Leu Ile Val
100 105 110
Leu Thr Ala Asp Arg Ser Gly Asp Asp Val Arg Asn Pro Ser Val Val
115 120 125
Val Lys Arg Gly Gly Ala Val Pro Ile Gly Ile Gly Ile Gly Asn Ala
130 135 140
Asp Ile Thr Glu Met Gln Thr Ile Ser Phe Ile Pro Asp Phe Ala Val
145 150 155 160
Ala Ile Pro Thr Phe Arg Gln Leu Gly Thr Val Gln Gln Val Ile Ser
165 170 175
Glu Arg Val Thr Gln Leu
180
<210> 43
<211> 178
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<223> VI型人类胶原蛋白α3-链VWA结构域α3_N4
<400> 43
Lys Arg Asp Val Val Phe Leu Ile Asp Gly Ser Gln Ser Ala Gly Pro
1 5 10 15
Glu Phe Gln Tyr Val Arg Thr Leu Ile Glu Arg Leu Val Asp Tyr Leu
20 25 30
Asp Val Gly Phe Asp Thr Thr Arg Val Ala Val Ile Gln Phe Ser Asp
35 40 45
Asp Pro Lys Ala Glu Phe Leu Leu Asn Ala His Ser Ser Lys Asp Glu
50 55 60
Val Gln Asn Ala Val Gln Arg Leu Arg Pro Lys Gly Gly Arg Gln Ile
65 70 75 80
Asn Val Gly Asn Ala Leu Glu Tyr Val Ser Arg Asn Ile Phe Lys Arg
85 90 95
Pro Leu Gly Ser Arg Ile Glu Glu Gly Val Pro Gln Phe Leu Val Leu
100 105 110
Ile Ser Ser Gly Lys Ser Asp Asp Glu Val Val Val Pro Ala Val Glu
115 120 125
Leu Lys Gln Phe Gly Val Ala Pro Phe Thr Ile Ala Arg Asn Ala Asp
130 135 140
Gln Glu Glu Leu Val Lys Ile Ser Leu Ser Pro Glu Tyr Val Phe Ser
145 150 155 160
Val Ser Thr Phe Arg Glu Leu Pro Ser Leu Glu Gln Lys Leu Leu Thr
165 170 175
Pro Ile
<210> 44
<211> 186
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<223> VI型人类胶原蛋白α3-链VWA结构域α3_N3
<400> 44
Pro Pro Pro Ala Val Glu Ser Asp Ala Ala Asp Ile Val Phe Leu Ile
1 5 10 15
Asp Ser Ser Glu Gly Val Arg Pro Asp Gly Phe Ala His Ile Arg Asp
20 25 30
Phe Val Ser Arg Ile Val Arg Arg Leu Asn Ile Gly Pro Ser Lys Val
35 40 45
Arg Val Gly Val Val Gln Phe Ser Asn Asp Val Phe Pro Glu Phe Tyr
50 55 60
Leu Lys Thr Tyr Arg Ser Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Asp Ala Ile Arg Arg
65 70 75 80
Leu Arg Leu Arg Gly Gly Ser Pro Leu Asn Thr Gly Lys Ala Leu Glu
85 90 95
Phe Val Ala Arg Asn Leu Phe Val Lys Ser Ala Gly Ser Arg Ile Glu
100 105 110
Asp Gly Val Pro Gln His Leu Val Leu Val Leu Gly Gly Lys Ser Gln
115 120 125
Asp Asp Val Ser Arg Phe Ala Gln Val Ile Arg Ser Ser Gly Ile Val
130 135 140
Ser Leu Gly Val Gly Asp Arg Asn Ile Asp Arg Thr Glu Leu Gln Thr
145 150 155 160
Ile Thr Asn Asp Pro Arg Leu Val Phe Thr Val Arg Glu Phe Arg Glu
165 170 175
Leu Pro Asn Ile Glu Glu Arg Ile Met Asn
180 185
<210> 45
<211> 181
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<223> VI型人类胶原蛋白α3-链VWA结构域α3_N2
<400> 45
Lys Lys Ala Asp Ile Val Phe Leu Leu Asp Gly Ser Ile Asn Phe Arg
1 5 10 15
Arg Asp Ser Phe Gln Glu Val Leu Arg Phe Val Ser Glu Ile Val Asp
20 25 30
Thr Val Tyr Glu Asp Gly Asp Ser Ile Gln Val Gly Leu Val Gln Tyr
35 40 45
Asn Ser Asp Pro Thr Asp Glu Phe Phe Leu Lys Asp Phe Ser Thr Lys
50 55 60
Arg Gln Ile Ile Asp Ala Ile Asn Lys Val Val Tyr Lys Gly Gly Arg
65 70 75 80
His Ala Asn Thr Lys Val Gly Leu Glu His Leu Arg Val Asn His Phe
85 90 95
Val Pro Glu Ala Gly Ser Arg Leu Asp Gln Arg Val Pro Gln Ile Ala
100 105 110
Phe Val Ile Thr Gly Gly Lys Ser Val Glu Asp Ala Gln Asp Val Ser
115 120 125
Leu Ala Leu Thr Gln Arg Gly Val Lys Val Phe Ala Val Gly Val Arg
130 135 140
Asn Ile Asp Ser Glu Glu Val Gly Lys Ile Ala Ser Asn Ser Ala Thr
145 150 155 160
Ala Phe Arg Val Gly Asn Val Gln Glu Leu Ser Glu Leu Ser Glu Gln
165 170 175
Val Leu Glu Thr Leu
180
<210> 46
<211> 193
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<223> VI型人类胶原蛋白α3-链VWA结构域α3_C1
<400> 46
Cys Pro Val Phe Pro Thr Glu Leu Ala Phe Ala Leu Asp Thr Ser Glu
1 5 10 15
Gly Val Asn Gln Asp Thr Phe Gly Arg Met Arg Asp Val Val Leu Ser
20 25 30
Ile Val Asn Asp Leu Thr Ile Ala Glu Ser Asn Cys Pro Arg Gly Ala
35 40 45
Arg Val Ala Val Val Thr Tyr Asn Asn Glu Val Thr Thr Glu Ile Arg
50 55 60
Phe Ala Asp Ser Lys Arg Lys Ser Val Leu Leu Asp Lys Ile Lys Asn
65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Val Ala Leu Thr Ser Lys Gln Gln Ser Leu Glu Thr Ala Met
85 90 95
Ser Phe Val Ala Arg Asn Thr Phe Lys Arg Val Arg Asn Gly Phe Leu
100 105 110
Met Arg Lys Val Ala Val Phe Phe Ser Asn Thr Pro Thr Arg Ala Ser
115 120 125
Pro Gln Leu Arg Glu Ala Val Leu Lys Leu Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile Thr
130 135 140
Pro Leu Phe Leu Thr Arg Gln Glu Asp Arg Gln Leu Ile Asn Ala Leu
145 150 155 160
Gln Ile Asn Asn Thr Ala Val Gly His Ala Leu Val Leu Pro Ala Gly
165 170 175
Arg Asp Leu Thr Asp Phe Leu Glu Asn Val Leu Thr Cys His Val Cys
180 185 190
Leu
Claims (10)
1.一种包含源自VI型胶原蛋白的氨基酸序列或者由所述氨基酸序列组成的多肽,或其片段、变体、融合物或衍生物、或所述其衍生物的片段、变体的融合物,
其中所述多肽、片段、变体、融合物或衍生物能够扼杀或削弱微生物的生长。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多肽,其中所述微生物选自由细菌、支原体、酵母、真菌以及病毒组成的群组。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多肽,其中所述多肽能够与所述微生物的膜结合。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多肽,其中所述多肽能够导致所述微生物的膜破裂。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多肽,其能够促进伤口闭合。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多肽,其中所述多肽能够展现出大于或等于LL-37的抗微生物作用。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多肽,其中所述微生物为革兰氏阳性或革兰氏阴性细菌。
8.根据权利要求7所述的多肽,其中所述微生物选自由以下组成的群组:绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、A群链球菌(例如产脓链球菌)、B群链球菌(例如无乳链球菌)、C群链球菌(例如停乳链球菌)、D群链球菌(例如粪肠球菌)、F群链球菌(例如咽峡炎链球菌)、G群链球菌(例如似马停乳链球菌)、甲型溶血性链球菌(例如草绿色链球菌、肺炎链球菌)、牛链球菌、轻链球菌、咽峡炎链球菌、血链球菌、猪链球菌、变异链球菌、粘膜炎莫拉氏菌、非可分型流感嗜血杆菌(NTHi)、乙型流感嗜血杆菌(Hib)、内氏放线菌、核梭杆菌、中间普雷沃菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌、粪肠球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、多重耐药性绿脓杆菌(MRPA)、多重耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、多重耐药性大肠杆菌(MREC)、多重耐药性表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)以及多重耐药性肺炎克雷伯菌(MRKP)。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多肽,其中所述微生物是对一种或多种常规抗生素剂具有抗性的细菌。
10.根据权利要求9所述的多肽,其中所述微生物选自由以下组成的群组:多重耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、多重耐药性绿脓杆菌(MRPA)、多重耐药性大肠杆菌(MREC)、多重耐药性表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)以及多重耐药性肺炎克雷伯菌(MRKP)。
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GBGB1601136.3A GB201601136D0 (en) | 2016-01-21 | 2016-01-21 | Novel polypeptides and medical uses thereof |
CN201780007785.7A CN109069693B (zh) | 2016-01-21 | 2017-01-20 | 多肽及其医疗用途 |
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TW202039535A (zh) | 2018-12-18 | 2020-11-01 | 德商英麥提克生物技術股份有限公司 | B*08限制肽和肽組合物抗癌免疫治療和相關方法 |
TW202104254A (zh) | 2019-04-12 | 2021-02-01 | 美商格爾托公司 | 重組彈性蛋白及其生產 |
GB201909298D0 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-14 | Colzyx Ab | Novel compositions and uses thereof |
JP2023513435A (ja) | 2020-01-24 | 2023-03-31 | ジェルター, インコーポレイテッド | 動物質を含まない食事性コラーゲン |
GB202016456D0 (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-12-02 | Colzyx Ab | Novel bioactive peptide combinations and uses thereof |
SK289101B6 (sk) * | 2020-12-17 | 2023-08-09 | Ústav molekulárnej biológie Slovenskej akadémie vied, verejná výskumná inštitúcia | Antimikrobiálny proteín, antimikrobiálny rekombinantný proteín s lytickými vlastnosťami, expresný vektor, spôsob ich prípravy a použitie |
CN113521247A (zh) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-22 | 北京华芢生物技术有限公司 | 一种聚离子复合物纳米材料多肽载体及其制备方法 |
CN113633818A (zh) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-11-12 | 南方医科大学 | 一种多肽抗生素抗菌人工敷料的研制 |
WO2024118297A1 (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-06-06 | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | Bioprosthetic tissue and prosthetic antimicrobial treatment |
CN115960211B (zh) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-11-21 | 江苏创健医疗科技股份有限公司 | 一种重组人源ⅵ型胶原蛋白及其制备方法和应用 |
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2020
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2021
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US20200392207A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 |
CN109069693A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
ES2952858T3 (es) | 2023-11-06 |
HRP20231044T1 (hr) | 2023-12-22 |
WO2017125585A9 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
GB201601136D0 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
WO2017125585A3 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
US11136374B2 (en) | 2021-10-05 |
US20190023767A1 (en) | 2019-01-24 |
EP4253406A2 (en) | 2023-10-04 |
CN109069693B (zh) | 2021-09-07 |
US20240043500A1 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
EP3405222C0 (en) | 2023-06-14 |
RS64556B1 (sr) | 2023-10-31 |
EP4253406A3 (en) | 2023-12-27 |
EP3405222B1 (en) | 2023-06-14 |
US10793618B2 (en) | 2020-10-06 |
WO2017125585A2 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
EP3405222A2 (en) | 2018-11-28 |
US20210403535A1 (en) | 2021-12-30 |
PL3405222T3 (pl) | 2023-11-20 |
US11814422B2 (en) | 2023-11-14 |
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