CN113713846B - 一种高效富胺再生介孔分子筛催化剂的制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种高效富胺再生介孔分子筛催化剂的制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高效富胺再生介孔分子筛催化剂的制备方法和应用。本发明提供的后合成法合成催化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:称取适量MCM‑41粉末于烧瓶中,加入苯甲醇和甲苯混合溶剂,形成混合液A;将混合液A加热搅拌回流,得到混合液B;对混合液B进行离心干燥得到粉末C;将粉末C加入烧瓶中,加入无水氯仿,滴加适量氯磺酸,加热搅拌回流,得到混合液D;对混合液D离心分离,并用氯仿洗涤三次,得到固体E;对固体E真空干燥,得到磺酸基官能团修饰的MCM‑41催化剂。与现有技术相比,该催化剂制备过程工艺简单,原料廉价易得;催化富胺溶液再生性能远高于传统的分子筛催化剂;催化剂易于分离且可循环使用;对胺溶液的CO2吸收性能无负面影响。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于资源与环境技术领域,具体涉及一种高效富胺再生介孔分子筛催化剂的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
化石燃料如石油、煤、天然气等的过度使用,排放出大量的CO2温室气体,导致诸多环境问题如全球变暖、海平面上升、病虫害增加等。目前,主要采用二氧化碳捕获、封存与利用(CCUS)技术减少二氧化碳的排放量。其中,以单乙醇胺(MEA)为吸收溶剂的化学吸收法因其具有反应速率快、吸收容量大、化学稳定性好、工艺技术成熟等优点,得到广泛的应用。但该方法存在富胺溶液再生能耗过高的缺点,有机胺溶剂再生过程消耗的能耗约占脱碳系统总能耗的三分之二左右,使得胺法CO2捕获技术总成本居高不下。
针对富胺溶液再生能耗高的问题,Idem、梁志武等人提出向富胺体系中添加固体酸催化剂来促进解吸反应的进行。梁志武等人研究了γ-Al2O3、HZSM-5及两种固体酸催化剂的物理混合物在5M MEA溶液中105℃下的催化CO2解吸性能,结果表明相对空白解吸,分别可以降低其再生能耗18.6%,22.1%和23.7%(Liang et al.AIChE Journal.2016;62:753-65)。Idem等人研究表明在95℃下,向5M MEA溶液中加入γ-Al2O3、HZSM-5可分别降低其再生能耗27.5%和37.3%(Shi and Idem et al.Int.J.Greenhouse Gas Control,2014,26(7):39-50.)。前期研究结果表明,典型的分子筛、超强固体酸及金属氧化物等催化剂均可促进富胺溶液解吸再生过程,相对于5M MEA空白解吸,催化剂的加入可降低其再生能耗15%-30%左右(Zhang et al.Applied Energy 202(2017)673-684;Bhatti et al.ACSSustainable Chem.Eng.2017,56(27):7656-7664;Gao et al.Applied Energy 259(2020)114179)。
但现有的催化剂降低其再生能耗值还不足以降低至较为理想水平,因此进一步开发设计新型高效的固体催化剂应用于富胺溶液再生过程,降低其再生能耗进而降低胺溶剂捕获CO2的工业成本,具有重大的实际意义。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是,通过合成磺基官能团修饰的MCM-41分子筛催化剂,进一步提高胺溶液解吸速率,降低富CO2胺溶液再生能耗,从而降低胺法捕获CO2成本。实现能源的多效利用,达到节能减排的目的。
本发明的技术方案是,提供一种高效富胺再生介孔分子筛催化剂的制备方法和应用,该方法原料价格便宜,工艺简单,且改性后催化性能提高。该技术方案所述磺基官能化MCM-41分子筛是以MCM-41为载体,表面含有磺基官能团(-SO3H)。所述MCM-41分子筛,Si/Al=25。
本发明提供的后合成法磺酸基官能化MCM-41分子筛催化剂,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取适量MCM-41粉末分子筛于圆底烧瓶中,加入苯甲醇和甲苯混合溶剂,形成混合液A;
(2)将混合液A油浴加热,搅拌回流,得到混合液B;
(3)对混合液B进行离心,固液分离,干燥得到粉末C;
(4)将粉末C加入圆底烧瓶中,加入无水氯仿,滴加适量氯磺酸,油浴加热,搅拌回流,得到混合液D;
(5)对混合液D进行离心,固液分离,并用氯仿洗涤三次,得到固体E;
(6)对固体E真空干燥,得到磺酸基官能团修饰的MCM-41介孔分子筛催化剂。
优选地,步骤(1)中,苯甲醇和甲苯的体积比为1:4~1:5。
优选地,步骤(2)中,油浴加热温度为110~120℃,搅拌回流时间为10~12h。
优选地,步骤(3)中,干燥时间为12~24h。
优选地,步骤(4)中,氯磺酸体积和MCM-41质量比为0.2~0.8mL/g。
优选地,步骤(4)中,油浴加热温度为65~70℃,搅拌回流时间为2~4h。
优选地,步骤(6)中,干燥温度60~80℃,干燥时间为6~24h。
本发明是以后合成法合成上述催化剂,主要过程是称取适量MCM-41粉末分子筛于圆底烧瓶中,加入苯甲醇和甲苯混合溶剂,形成混合液A;将混合液A油浴加热,搅拌回流一段时间,得到混合液B;对混合液B进行离心,固液分离,干燥得到粉末C;将粉末C加入圆底烧瓶中,加入无水氯仿,滴加适量氯磺酸,油浴加热,搅拌回流一段时间,得到混合液D;对混合液D进行离心,固液分离,并用氯仿洗涤三次,得到固体E;对固体E真空干燥,得到磺酸基官能团修饰的MCM-41介孔分子筛催化剂。
本发明的催化剂可表示如下:MCM-41-SO3H。该催化剂MCM-41-SO3H催化剂用于传统有机胺法捕获CO2工艺中富胺再生过程,可极大的降低再生能耗。其主要原因在于,富CO2胺溶液解吸过程需要酸性位点,磺基官能团修饰的MCM-41介孔分子筛催化剂,大大增加了催化剂的酸性位点,使得MCM-41-SO3H催化剂在催化富胺溶液再生过程中具有较高的催化活性。
与现有技术相比,本项目具有如下技术优势和有益效果:
(1)催化剂制备过程工艺简单,原料廉价易得。
(2)催化解吸性能优越,催化性能高于传统的分子筛催化剂和单一金属氧化物及其物理混合后的催化剂。
(3)催化剂易于分离,再生技术方便且可循环使用。
(4)对胺溶液的CO2吸收性能无负面影响。
附图说明
图1表示实施例1中催化剂的X射线衍射谱图(XRD)。
图2表示实施例1中催化剂的红外光谱谱图(FT-IR)。
图3表示实施例1中催化剂的N2吸附-脱附等温曲线(BET)。
图4表示富CO2胺溶液间歇式解吸装置图。
图5表示摘要图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
磺基官能团修饰的MCM-41介孔分子筛催化剂
称取适量10g的MCM-41粉末分子筛于圆底烧瓶中,加入50mL苯甲醇和200mL甲苯溶剂,形成混合液A;将混合液A在120℃下油浴加热,搅拌回流12h,得到混合液B;对混合液B进行离心,固液分离,干燥得到粉末C;将粉末C加入圆底烧瓶中,加入200mL无水氯仿,逐滴滴加6mL氯磺酸,在70℃油浴加热,搅拌回流2h,得到混合液D;对混合液D进行离心,固液分离,并用无水氯仿洗涤三次,得到固体E;对固体E在60℃下真空干燥12h,得到磺酸基官能团修饰的MCM-41介孔分子筛催化剂。其中氯磺酸体积和MCM-41质量比为0.6mL/g,简写标记为MCM-41-SO3H-0.6。
图1和图2分别为实施例1的催化剂X射线衍射图谱和红外光谱谱图。由图1可以看出,MCM-41-SO3H-0.6保持了MCM-41的特征峰,说明磺基官能团修饰没有破坏其结构特征。由图2可以看出,MCM-41-SO3H催化剂在1174和580cm-1处有特征峰,表明形成了S=O键和S-O键。以上图1和图2表征分析表明成功制备得到固体催化剂MCM-41-SO3H。
图3是实施例1中的催化剂N2吸附-脱附等温曲线,可以发现MCM-41-SO3H-0.6是典型的Ⅳ型曲线,有着明显的脱附回滞环,表明得到的MCM-41-SO3H-0.6催化剂为有序介孔材料。
BET比表面积测定结果显示,所制备的催化剂MCM-41-SO3H-0.6的比表面积为13.87m2/g,孔容为0.023cm3/g,平均孔径为3.42nm。
指示剂滴定法结果显示,所制备的催化剂MCM-41-SO3H-0.6存在大量的酸性活性位点,所制备的催化剂MCM-41-SO3H-0.6的总酸量为4.76mmol/g。
以上表征结果表明,该催化剂MCM-41-SO3H-0.6具有较高的比表面积,属于介孔材料,具备较多的酸性活性位点,因此证明制备所得的MCM-41-SO3H-0.6为介孔固体酸催化剂。
对比例1:MCM-41催化剂,商业化产品。
实施例2
同实施例1,其区别在于催化剂的制备过程中氯磺酸体积和MCM-41质量比为0.2mL/g,简写标记为MCM-41-SO3H-0.2。
实施例3
同实施例1,其区别在于催化剂的制备过程中氯磺酸体积和MCM-41质量比为0.4mL/g,简写标记为MCM-41-SO3H-0.4。
实施例4
同实施例1,其区别在于催化剂的制备过程中氯磺酸体积和MCM-41质量比为0.8mL/g,简写标记为MCM-41-SO3H-0.8。
应用例
催化解吸富CO2单乙醇胺溶剂
富CO2胺溶液再生的实验室规模间歇式解吸装置如图4所示,容积为1L的圆底烧瓶作为CO2解吸反应的反应器。采用磁力搅拌使得气液固三相拥有充分的接触面积,同时保证胺溶液的浓度及温度能够处于较为均匀的状态。圆底烧瓶的两个接口分别连接温度探针和冷凝器,冷凝器的使用是为了防止胺溶液的挥发,确保胺溶液的浓度能够维持在一定范围内。温度探针时刻监测再生胺溶液的温度,控温精度为±0.1℃的加热套用来提供解吸反应所需要的热量。通过质量流量计控制出口混合气体(N2和脱除CO2气体)的流量。混合气体中N2和CO2的浓度由CO2红外分析仪实时监测。在实验过程中,将加热套和电能表进行串联,利用电能表来记录消耗的电量以此来计算CO2解吸过程的相对解吸能耗。解吸所用的胺溶液浓度为5M,富液负载约为0.52mol CO2/mol amine,搅拌速率设为1200rpm,所用催化剂为上述实施方式制得的催化剂MCM-41-SO3H和商业化的分子筛催化剂MCM-41。具体操作过程如下,将500mL的富MEA溶液和6.25g(重量比约为1/80)的催化剂一同加入到圆底烧瓶中,解吸温度设为25-90℃,每次解吸持续1h,分析前20min的解吸过程。实验结果如下表1:
表1实施例和对比例中的催化剂解吸能耗比较
催化剂 | 能耗比值(%) | 能耗降低(%) |
空白 | 100 | - |
对比例1:MCM-41 | 89.18 | 10.82 |
实施例1:MCM-41-SO<sub>3</sub>H-0.6 | 66.67 | 33.33 |
实施例2:MCM-41-SO<sub>3</sub>H-0.2 | 87.57 | 12.43 |
实施例3:MCM-41-SO<sub>3</sub>H-0.4 | 71.26 | 28.74 |
实施例4:MCM-41-SO<sub>3</sub>H-0.8 | 70.78 | 29.22 |
由上表可知,相对于空白MEA,加入催化剂均显著降低了MEA解吸能耗,且实施例制备的催化剂的催化性能均远远优于单一的催化剂。
Claims (1)
1.一种催化解吸富CO2单乙醇胺溶剂的方法,具体操作如下:将500mL的富MEA溶液和6.25g的催化剂一同加入到圆底烧瓶中,解吸温度设为25-90℃,每次解吸持续1h,分析前20min的解吸过程;所述催化剂为磺酸基官能化MCM-41分子筛;所述磺酸基官能化MCM-41分子筛催化剂的十克级制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)称取适量MCM-41粉末分子筛于圆底烧瓶中,加入苯甲醇和甲苯混合溶剂,形成混合液A;所述MCM-41分子筛Si/Al=25;
(2)将混合液A油浴加热,搅拌回流,得到混合液B;所述油浴加热的温度为110~120℃,搅拌回流的时间为10~12h;
(3)对混合液B进行离心,固液分离,干燥得到粉末C;
(4)将粉末C加入圆底烧瓶中,加入无水氯仿,滴加氯磺酸,油浴加热,搅拌回流,得到混合液D;所述油浴加热的温度为65~70℃,搅拌回流的时间为2~4h;所述氯磺酸体积和MCM-41质量比为0.2~0.8mL/g;
(5)对混合液D进行离心,固液分离,并用氯仿洗涤三次,得到固体E;
(6)对固体E真空干燥,得到磺酸基官能团修饰的MCM-41介孔分子筛催化剂;所述干燥的温度60~80℃,干燥的时间为6~24h。
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