CN113711955A - Method for improving green-red hybrid spot germplasm - Google Patents
Method for improving green-red hybrid spot germplasm Download PDFInfo
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- CN113711955A CN113711955A CN202110741627.2A CN202110741627A CN113711955A CN 113711955 A CN113711955 A CN 113711955A CN 202110741627 A CN202110741627 A CN 202110741627A CN 113711955 A CN113711955 A CN 113711955A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 241000357444 Epinephelus coioides Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241001596774 Epinephelus akaara Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241001417495 Serranidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 20
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 18
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000269821 Scombridae Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000020640 mackerel Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000357439 Epinephelus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 description 3
- QLGKMLRGKPKGKI-QWQCQAQZSA-N (2s)-n-[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2r)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-[(2s)-2-(ethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl Chemical compound CCNC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QLGKMLRGKPKGKI-QWQCQAQZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002196 ecbolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002434 gonadorelin derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010000060 Abdominal distension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving germplasm of a green and red hybrid spot, which comprises the following steps: a. selecting Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus akaara, and performing parent screening optimization through in-population breeding to establish breeding populations; obtaining optimized parent lines of Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus akaara after 3 generations of breeding; b. and selecting the epinephelus coioides individual as a female parent and the epinephelus akaara individual as a male parent from the optimized parent population system to perform hybridization to obtain the cyan-magenta hybrid plaques. The method can obviously improve the seedling stability and the seedling quality in the green-red hybrid grouper seed production process, and can stably culture a large number of hybrid groupers with excellent properties of the red spot groupers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grouper breeding technology, in particular to a method for improving the seed quality of green-red hybrid groupers.
Background
The grouper is one of famous and precious marine fishes in the world, and has tender meat, delicious taste, high market price and good marketability. In recent years, artificial culture of groupers is actively carried out in coastal areas of China, and the yield of the groupers in China in 2019 is the second of the yield of the marine fishes, so that the groupers become the marine fish culture variety with the greatest development prospect.
As an excellent grouper breeding variety, the epinephelus akaara is one of the most famous and precious varieties in the grouper family, has particularly fresh and tender meat quality, is very popular with consumers, but has small size, slow growth speed and high breeding and breeding difficulty, so that the condition of being endangered and extincted is caused, and the development of the breeding industry of the grouper is severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving germplasm of hybrid mackerel, which can remarkably improve seedling stability and seedling quality in the seed production process of the hybrid mackerel and can stably culture a large number of hybrid mackerel with excellent characteristics of the mackerel.
The invention is realized by the following technical means: a method for improving germplasm of a green-red hybrid spot comprises the following steps:
a. selecting Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus akaara, and performing parent screening optimization through in-population breeding to establish breeding populations; obtaining optimized parent lines of Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus akaara after three times of breeding;
b. and selecting the epinephelus coioides individual as a female parent and the epinephelus akaara individual as a male parent from the optimized parent population system to perform hybridization to obtain the cyan-magenta hybrid plaques.
Optimally, the parent line screening process in the step a is as follows:
when the fry grows to be more than 3cm in the first screening, selecting the fry with obvious growth advantages, strong physique, no diseases and injuries, bright color and complete scales, and continuously cultivating indoors or in a soil pond, wherein the selective retention rate is 10-30%;
when the fry grows to about 400g in the second screening, selecting and reserving individuals with obvious character characteristics, no diseases and no injuries, bright color, complete scales and outstanding growth advantages, and continuously culturing in a net cage or a soil pond, wherein the selection and reservation rate is 40-60%;
after the third screening is carried out for 4-5 years, when the individuals are nearly mature, the individuals with obvious character characteristics, no diseases and injuries, bright color, complete scales and outstanding growth advantages are further selected and retained for being continuously cultured in a net cage or a soil pond, and the selection and retention rate is 40-60%;
after three times of screening, a grouper parent core breeding group is established, and the total selective retention rate is 2-10%.
Optimally, the female parent of the Epinephelus coioides needs 5-8 years old, 60-100cm in body length and 7-12kg in body weight; the male parent of the epinephelus akaara requires 6-10 years old, 30-40cm in body length and 1-2kg in body weight.
Optimally, the female parent Epinephelus coioides female fish requires abdominal distension, and the ovary develops to IX stage; the male parent of the epinephelus akaara requires pressing the abdomen and white semen flows out.
Optimally, the female parent of the Epinephelus coioides is induced to spawn, and the male parent of the Epinephelus coioides is not induced to spawn.
The green-red hybrid mackerel obtained by the breeding method not only retains the excellent quality of the Epinephelus akaara, but also absorbs the advantages of the Epinephelus coioides, and is an rare excellent variety for hybrid breeding.
According to the method, the construction of the core population of the green-red hybrid mackerel and the screening of the improved variety parent are combined to construct the core breeding population of the grouper, so that the parent population with better reproductive performance and excellent properties is obtained.
After the green-red hybrid spot parents are bred by adopting the process, the survival rate of the seedlings can be stabilized to be more than 10 percent and is far higher than the survival rate of the normal hybrid seedlings by 1 to 3 percent. The seedling stability and the seedling quality in the green and red hybrid spot seed production process are improved, and a great amount of green and red hybrid spot seedlings with the growth speed higher than that of a male parent by more than 70% and excellent quality can be cultivated.
The method is simple to operate, the parent screening, the induced spawning, the artificial insemination, the incubation, the seedling raising and the like are easy to master, and the method is suitable for large-scale production and accelerates the popularization and the application of the cyan-red hybrid spots.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the breeding process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Reserving seeds of the Epinephelus coioides by adopting a colony screening method, carrying out first screening when the fry grows to 3cm, selecting the fry with obvious growth advantage, strong physique, no disease, no injury, bright color and complete scales, and continuously cultivating, wherein the reserving selection rate is 20%; carrying out secondary screening when the fry grows to 400g, selecting individuals with obvious character characteristics, no diseases and injuries, bright color, complete scales and outstanding growth advantages, and continuously culturing, wherein the selection rate is 60%; and (3) screening for the third time after culturing for 4 years, selecting individuals with closely mature individuals, obvious trait characteristics, no diseases or injuries, bright color, complete scales and outstanding growth advantages, reserving the selection rate of 60%, establishing a core breeding population of epinephelus coioides parents, and setting the total reserving selection rate of 7.2%.
Reserving seeds of the Epinephelus akaara by adopting a colony screening method, carrying out first screening when the fry grows to 3cm, selecting the fry with obvious growth advantage, strong physique, no disease, no injury, bright color and complete scales, and continuously cultivating, wherein the reserving selection rate is 25%; carrying out secondary screening when the fry grows to 400g, selecting individuals with obvious character characteristics, no diseases and injuries, bright color, complete scales and outstanding growth advantages, and continuously culturing, wherein the selection rate is 60%; and (3) screening for the third time after culturing for 4 years, selecting individuals with closely mature individuals, obvious trait characteristics, no diseases or injuries, bright color, complete scales and outstanding growth advantages, keeping the selection rate at 50%, and establishing a core breeding population of epinephelus akaara parents, wherein the total selection rate is 7.5%.
And in 5 months in 2019, taking the female fish of the epinephelus coioides after 3-time screening as a female parent, and taking the male fish of the epinephelus akaara after 3-time screening as a male parent, and carrying out cultivation of the green-red hybrid plaques. Parent fishes are usually raised in a parent fish breeding pond, fresh trash fishes are fed, intensive breeding is started 1 month before the breeding season, and the prepared parent fish intensive feed is fed. Before mating, the parent fish is caught and the character and the gonad are checked one by one. Selecting strong parent fish without injury and deformity on body surface, wherein the female fish requires obvious expansion of abdomen, the ovary is developed to the IV stage, and the male fish requires light pressure on abdomen and white semen flows out. The oxytocic is mixed injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog LHRH-A2 and chorionic gonadotropin HCG during mating, and male fish is not induced to spawn. And after induced spawning, dry artificial insemination is carried out for 42 hours to obtain green and red hybrid spot fertilized eggs, and the fertilization rate is as high as 99.6%. And (3) placing the fertilized eggs in a net cage under the conditions of micro flowing water and micro inflation for hatching for about 30 hours to obtain the green-red hybrid spotted fry, wherein the hatching rate reaches 86%. Adopting an industrial circulating water seedling raising method to culture 25600 fries of 3 cm-sized green-red hybrid spotted-carp seedlings. The green-red hybrid grouper fry is bred for three months, and the growth speed is 79.88% faster than that of the parent grouper.
Example 2
Reserving seeds of the Epinephelus coioides by adopting a colony screening method, carrying out first screening when the fry grows to 5cm, selecting the fry with obvious growth advantage, strong physique, no disease, no injury, bright color and complete scales, and continuously cultivating, wherein the reserving selection rate is 10%; carrying out secondary screening when the fry grows to 500 g, selecting individuals with obvious character characteristics, no diseases and injuries, bright color, complete scales and outstanding growth advantages, and continuously culturing, wherein the selection rate is 50%; and (3) screening for the third time after culturing for 4 years, selecting individuals with closely mature individuals, obvious trait characteristics, no diseases or injuries, bright color, complete scales and outstanding growth advantages, keeping the selection rate at 50%, and establishing a core breeding population of epinephelus coioides parents, wherein the total selection rate is 2.5%.
Reserving seeds of the Epinephelus akaara by adopting a colony screening method, carrying out first screening when the fry grows to 5cm, selecting the fry with obvious growth advantage, strong physique, no disease, no injury, bright color and complete scales, and continuously cultivating, wherein the reserving selection rate is 20%; carrying out secondary screening when the fry grows to 500 g, selecting individuals with obvious character characteristics, no diseases and injuries, bright color, complete scales and outstanding growth advantages, and continuously culturing, wherein the selection rate is 50%; and (3) screening for the third time after culturing for 4 years, selecting individuals with closely mature individuals, obvious trait characteristics, no diseases or injuries, bright color, complete scales and outstanding growth advantages, keeping the selection rate at 50%, establishing a grouper parent core breeding population, and keeping the total selection rate at 5%.
And (3) taking the female fish of the epinephelus coioides after 3 times of screening as a female parent and taking the male fish of the epinephelus akaara after 3 times of screening as a male parent in 5 months in 2020, and carrying out cultivation of the cyan-magenta hybrid plaques. Parent fishes are usually raised in a parent fish breeding pond, fresh trash fishes are fed, intensive breeding is started 1 month before the breeding season, and the prepared parent fish intensive feed is fed. Before mating, the parent fish is caught and the character and the gonad are checked one by one. Selecting strong parent fish without injury and deformity on body surface, wherein the female fish requires obvious expansion of abdomen, the ovary is developed to the IV stage, and the male fish requires light pressure on abdomen and white semen flows out. The oxytocic is mixed injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog LHRH-A2 and chorionic gonadotropin HCG during mating, and male fish is not induced to spawn. And after induced spawning, dry artificial insemination is carried out for 42 hours to obtain green and red hybrid spot fertilized eggs, wherein the fertilization rate is as high as 99.2%. And (3) placing the fertilized eggs in a net cage under the conditions of micro flowing water and micro aeration for hatching for about 30 hours to obtain the green-red hybrid spotted fry, wherein the hatching rate reaches 89%. Adopting an industrial circulating water seedling raising method to culture 47500 fish fries of 3 cm-sized green and red hybrid mackerel fries. The green-red hybrid grouper fry is bred for three months, and the growth speed is 130.07% faster than that of the parent grouper.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the invention, and any variations and modifications based on the concept of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The method for improving the germplasm of the cyan-red hybrid spot is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. selecting Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus akaara, and performing parent screening optimization through in-population breeding to establish breeding populations; obtaining an optimized parent group system of the Epinephelus coioides and an optimized parent group system of the Epinephelus akaara after three times of breeding;
b. and hybridizing the Epinephelus coioides individuals serving as a female parent and the Epinephelus akaara individuals serving as a male parent in the optimized parent group system to obtain the Qinghong hybrid plaques.
2. The method for germplasm improvement of a cyan-red hybrid spot according to claim 1, wherein the parental line screening process in the step a is as follows:
screening for the first time: when the fry grows to be more than 3cm, selecting the fry with obvious growth advantages, strong physique, no disease or injury, bright color and complete scales, and continuously cultivating indoors or in a soil pond, wherein the selective retention rate is 10-30%;
and (3) screening for the second time: when the fry screened for the first time grows to about 400g, individuals with obvious character characteristics, no diseases and no injuries, bright color, complete scales and outstanding growth advantages are selected and kept to be cultivated in a net cage or a soil pond, and the selection and remaining rate is 40-60%;
and (3) third screening: after the fish screened for the second time is cultivated for 4 to 5 years, when the individuals are nearly mature, the individuals with obvious character characteristics, no diseases and injuries, bright color, complete scales and outstanding growth advantages are selected and reserved and are continuously cultivated in a net cage or a soil pond, and the selection and reservation rate is 40 to 60 percent;
and establishing a grouper parent core breeding population after three times of screening.
3. The method for germplasm improvement of purplish red crossbred mackerel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein male parent and female parent are selected from the established core breeding population of garrupa parents after three screenings; the female parent of Epinephelus coioides is required to be 5-8 years old, 60-100cm in body length and 7-12kg in body weight; the male parent of the epinephelus akaara requires 6-10 years old, 30-40cm in body length and 1-2kg in body weight.
4. The method for germplasm improvement of a green-red hybrid mackerel according to claim 3, wherein the female parent Epinephelus coioides is required to be abdominal distended and the ovary is developed to IX; the male parent of the epinephelus akaara requires pressing the abdomen and white semen flows out.
5. The method for germplasm improvement of Qinghong hybrid Epinephelus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the female parent Epinephelus coioides is induced to spawn, and the male parent Epinephelus akaara male fish is not induced to spawn.
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