CN113694198A - 一种从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒成分制造的药剂及方法 - Google Patents

一种从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒成分制造的药剂及方法 Download PDF

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CN113694198A
CN113694198A CN202010488478.9A CN202010488478A CN113694198A CN 113694198 A CN113694198 A CN 113694198A CN 202010488478 A CN202010488478 A CN 202010488478A CN 113694198 A CN113694198 A CN 113694198A
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陈燕
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Abstract

某些植物及中药材中有些成分针对病毒具有干扰病毒复制的作用或有破坏病毒结构的作用或缓解病毒所引起的炎症的作用,统称为“抗病毒成分”,包括苯酚、皂甙、生物碱和黄酮;从植物及中药材中提取所述抗病毒成分制造药剂,称为“抗病毒制剂”,所述抗病毒制剂包括注射液、喷雾、膏药、药片;苯酚可以干扰病毒的复制,使病毒的碱基配对出错;皂甙和生物碱,可以破坏掉病毒的脂肪包裹;黄酮有很好的消炎作用,缓解由病毒引发的炎症。

Description

一种从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒成分制造的药剂及方法
发明领域:本发明属于中药制剂,从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒成分并制造注射液、药片、膏药及喷雾。
背景技术:目前的抗病毒药物,市场上有“抗病毒口服液”、“连花清瘟胶囊”等中药制剂,采用的为熬制和浓缩等方法,还有一些西药,本发明的目的是从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒药物。
发明内容:
一种从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒成分制造的药剂及方法。某些植物及中药材中有些成分针对病毒具有干扰病毒复制的作用或有破坏病毒结构的作用或缓解病毒所引起的炎症的作用,本文将具有上述作用的成分统称为“抗病毒成分”,所述抗病毒成分包括苯酚、皂甙、生物碱和黄酮;
从植物及中药材中提取所述抗病毒成分制造的药剂,称为“抗病毒制剂”,所述抗病毒制剂包括注射液、喷雾、膏药、药片;
从植物及中药材中提炼苯酚可以干扰病毒的复制,使病毒的碱基配对出错;
从植物及中药材中提取皂甙和生物碱,可以破坏掉病毒的脂肪包裹;
从植物及中药材中提炼黄酮有很好的消炎作用,缓解由病毒引发的炎症;
实施例1:制造苯酚类抗病毒制剂
从当归、葡萄及各种含苯酚的植物及中药材中提炼苯酚,制造苯酚注射液及苯酚喷雾和苯酚药片,病毒主要分为DNA病毒和RNA病毒两大类。DNA病毒中的碱基胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶的化学结构中部有一个嘧啶环,RNA病毒中的碱基胞嘧啶的结构中也有一个嘧啶环,而苯酚分子的苯环结构与这个嘧啶环的六元杂环结构高度相似。因此,在病毒复制时,可以利用苯酚进行干扰,通过竞争抑制,使病毒的碱基配对出错,从而达到干扰病毒复制的目的;
提炼苯酚的方法包括但不限于:1.普通提取法:1)溶剂提取法。2)回流提取法。3)索氏提取法。4)超声波提取法。2.现代新技术:1)微波提取法。2)超临界流体萃取法。3)酶解法。每种中药材的提炼方法各有不同
例:1).水蒸气蒸馏法;
2)超临界流体萃取(sFE)法SFE是近年发展起来的一项新技术。超临界流体是处于临界温度和临界压力以上的流体,如CO2、氨、乙烯、丙烷、水等,目前研究较多的为CO2。流体在超临界状态下兼有双重特点,既具有与气体相当的高扩散系数和低黏度,又具有与液体相近的密度和对物质良好的溶解能力,因此可作为溶剂进行萃取。由于挥发油组分多为低沸点、易氧化物质,传统方法提取时容易受到破坏,近年来采用SFE进行提取的范例逐渐增多。
3)微波萃取技术 微波萃取技术又称微波辅助提取法(MAE),是指使用合适的溶剂在微波反应器内从天然药用中药材、矿物、动物组织中提取各种化学成分的技术和方法。与传统的水蒸气蒸馏技术相比较,微波萃取技术可以缩短时间、降低能耗、减少溶剂用量以及废物的产生,同时可以提高收率和提取物的纯度。微波是波长1mm。1m的高频电磁波,其加热升温快,热在内部产生,是一种绿色清洁能源,因此研究MAE提取中药挥发油有着很高的实用价值和广阔的前景。
4)溶剂提取法
5)超声法 超声提取的机制包括机械机制、热学机制及空化机制。由于超声波振动的空化、机械粉碎、搅拌以及热学等作用,在震荡过程中,空化泡周围的微流对溶液中药材产生的切向力可以加速溶剂向细胞中渗透。根据Sinisterra JV等人的研究,低频超声不仅可使细胞周围形成微流,还可使中药材药材细胞被击破,细胞壁不完整,有利于溶剂浸入细胞中,加速药材中有效成分进入溶剂,从而增加有效成分在溶剂中的溶解度,便于有效成分提取,因而提高了有效成分的提出率。超声波机械破碎过程是一个物理过程,浸提过程中无化学反应,被浸提的生物活性物质在短时间内保持不变,生物活性不减,同时提高了破碎速度,缩短了破碎时间,可极大地提高提取效率。
实施例2:制造皂甙类抗病毒制剂
从三七,绞股蓝及各种含皂甙的植物及中药材中提炼皂甙,制造皂甙注射液、皂甙喷雾和皂甙药片;皂甙可以破坏病毒的脂肪包裹层;
提炼皂甙的方法包括但不限于:1.普通提取法:1)溶剂提取法。2)回流提取法。3)索氏提取法。4)超声波提取法。2.现代新技术:1)微波提取法。2)超临界流体萃取法。3)酶解法。
例;每种中药材的提炼方法各有不同原料水提取物或醇提取物溶于水,过滤,水溶液直接进人大孔吸附树脂柱,流速-般控制在0.3~0.5ml/min,先用水洗去糖分,然后用10%~20%乙醇洗去部分杂质,最后用乙醇洗脱,将乙醇洗脱液减压蒸干得总皂甙。或者将乙醇洗脱液不直接蒸十再通过氧化铝层析柱,用50%乙醇洗脱,减压蒸干洗脱液后得精制总皂甙。
实施例3:制造生物碱类抗病毒制剂
从槟榔,黄连及各种含生物碱的植物及中药材中提炼生物碱,制造生物碱注射液、生物碱喷雾和生物碱药片;生物碱可以破坏病毒的脂肪包裹层;
提炼生物碱的方法包括但不限于:1.普通提取法:1)溶剂提取法。2)回流提取法。3)索氏提取法。4)超声波提取法。2.现代新技术:1)微波提取法。2)超临界流体萃取法。3)酶解法。例:每种中药材的提炼方法各有不同酸水提取.如用酸水浸提,提取液通过阳离子交换树脂柱,将吸附了生物碱的阳离子树脂洗至中性,放入索氏提取器中,酸化后用混合有机溶剂提取;
实施例4:制造黄酮类抗病毒制剂
从刺梨、银杏叶、茅岩莓茶、元宝枫叶及各种含黄酮的植物及中药材中提炼黄酮,制造黄酮注射液及黄酮喷雾和黄酮药片,黄酮有很好的消炎作用,缓解由病毒引发的炎症;
提炼黄酮的方法包括但不限于:1.普通提取法:1)溶剂提取法。2)回流提取法。3)索氏提取法。4)超声波提取法。2.现代新技术:1)微波提取法。2)超临界流体萃取法。3)酶解法。每种中药材的提炼方法各有不同。
实施例5:制造排毒中药剂
从藿香、苍术、白术、金银花、鱼腥草、蒲公英及各种祛湿排毒消炎的中药提炼排毒成分,制造排毒中药剂。
实施例6:将上述提炼的苯酚、皂甙、生物碱、黄酮及排毒制剂两种或多种混合制成抗病毒合剂。
实施例7:抗病毒制剂的一种使用方法
将上述抗病毒制剂作用于大椎、肺俞、肾俞、神阙、关元、中脘、足三里、三阴交、涌泉等中医穴位处,用以预防和早期治疗病毒性疾病。

Claims (8)

1.一种从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒成分制造的药剂及方法,某些植物及中药材中有些成分针对病毒具有干扰病毒复制的作用或有破坏病毒结构的作用或缓解病毒所引起的炎症的作用,本文将具有上述作用的成分统称为“抗病毒成分”,所述抗病毒成分包括苯酚、皂甙、生物碱和黄酮;
从植物及中药材中提取所述抗病毒成分制造的药剂,称为“抗病毒制剂”,所述抗病毒制剂包括注射液、喷雾、膏药、药片;
从植物及中药材中提炼苯酚可以干扰病毒的复制,使柄毒的碱基配对出错;
从植物及中药材中提取皂甙和生物碱,可以破坏掉病毒的脂肪包裹;
从植物及中药材中提炼黄酮有很好的消炎作用,缓解由病毒引发的炎症。
2.根基权利要求书1所述的从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒成分制造的药剂及方法,其进一步的特征是:制造苯酚类抗病毒制剂,从当归、葡萄及各种含苯酚的植物及中药材中提炼苯酚,制造苯酚注射液及苯酚喷雾和苯酚药片,病毒主要分为DNA病毒和RNA病毒两大类。DNA病毒中的碱基胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶的化学结构中部有一个嘧啶环,RNA病毒中的碱基胞嘧啶的结构中也有一个嘧啶环,而苯酚分子的苯环结构与这个嘧啶环的六元杂环结构高度相似。因此,在病毒复制时,可以利用苯酚进行干扰,通过竞争抑制,使病毒的碱基配对出错,从而达到干扰病毒复制的目的;
提炼苯酚的方法包括但不限于:1.普通提取法:1)溶剂提取法。2)回流提取法。3)索氏提取法。4)超声波提取法。2.现代新技术:1)微波提取法。2)超临界流体萃取法。3)酶解法;
具体操作:
1).水蒸气蒸馏法;
2)超临界流体萃取(sFE)法SFE是近年发展起来的一项新技术。超临界流体是处于临界温度和临界压力以上的流体,如CO2、氨、乙烯、丙烷、水等,
3)微波萃取技术微波萃取技术又称微波辅助提取法(MAE),是指使用合适的溶剂在微波反应器内从天然药用中药材、矿物、动物组织中提取各种化学成分的技术和方法。
4)溶剂提取法
5)超声法超声提取的机制包括机械机制、热学机制及空化机制。由于超声波振动的空化、机械粉碎、搅拌以及热学等作用,在震荡过程中,空化泡周围的微流对溶液中药材产生的切向力可以加速溶剂向细胞中渗透。
3.根基权利要求书1所述的从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒成分制造的药剂及方法,其进一步的特征是:制造皂甙类抗病毒制剂,从三七,绞股蓝及各种含皂甙的植物及中药材中提炼皂甙,制造皂甙注射液、皂甙喷雾和皂甙药片;皂甙可以破坏病毒的脂肪包裹层;
提炼皂甙的方法包括但不限于:1.普通提取法:1)溶剂提取法。2)回流提取法。3)索氏提取法。4)超声波提取法。2.现代新技术:1)微波提取法。2)超临界流体萃取法。3)酶解法;
例:原料水提取物或醇提取物溶于水,过滤,水溶液直接进人大孔吸附树脂柱,流速-般控制在0.3~0.5ml/min,先用水洗去糖分,然后用10%~20%乙醇洗去部分杂质,最后用乙醇洗脱,将醇洗脱液减压蒸干得总皂甙。或者将乙醇洗脱液不直接蒸十再通过氧化铝层析柱,用50%乙醇洗脱,减压蒸干洗脱液后得精制总皂甙。
4.根基权利要求书1所述的从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒成分制造的药剂及方法,其进一步的特征是:制造生物碱类抗病毒制剂,从槟榔、黄连及各种含生物碱的植物及中药材中提炼生物碱,制造生物碱注射液、生物碱喷雾和生物碱药片;生物碱可以破坏病毒的脂肪包裹层;
提炼生物碱的方法包括但不限于:1.普通提取法:1)溶剂提取法。2)回流提取法。3)索氏提取法。4)超声波提取法。2.现代新技术:1)微波提取法。2)超临界流体萃取法。3)酶解法;
例:酸水提取.如用酸水浸提,提取液通过阳离子交换树脂柱,将吸附了生物碱的阳离子树脂洗至中性,放入索氏提取器中,酸化后用混合有机溶剂提取。
5.根基权利要求书1所述的从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒成分制造的药剂及方法,其进一步的特征是:制造黄酮类抗病毒制剂,从刺梨、银杏叶、茅岩莓茶、元宝枫叶及各种含黄酮的植物及中药材中提炼黄酮,制造黄酮注射液及黄酮喷雾和黄酮药片,黄酮有很好的消炎作用,缓解由病毒引发的炎症;
提炼黄酮的方法包括但不限于:1.普通提取法:1)溶剂提取法。2)回流提取法。3)索氏提取法。4)超声波提取法。2.现代新技术:1)微波提取法。2)超临界流体萃取法。3)酶解法。
6.根基权利要求书1所述的从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒成分制造的药剂及方法,其进一步的特征是:从藿香、苍术、白术、金银花、鱼腥草、蒲公英及各种祛湿排毒消炎的中药提炼排毒成分,制造排毒中药剂。
7.根基权利要求书1所述的从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒成分制造的药剂及方法,其进一步的特征是:将上述提炼的苯酚、皂甙、生物碱、黄酮及排毒中药剂两种或多种混合制成抗病毒合剂。
8.根据权利要求书1所述的从植物及中药材中提取抗病毒成分制造的药剂及方法,其进一步的特征是:抗病毒制剂的一种使用方法,将上述抗病毒制剂作用于大椎、肺俞、肾俞、神阙、关元、中脘、足三里、三阴交、涌泉等中医穴位处,用以预防和早期治疗病毒性疾病。
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