CN113678941A - Method for producing potato mycoprotein feed by multi-bacterium solid-state fermentation - Google Patents
Method for producing potato mycoprotein feed by multi-bacterium solid-state fermentation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113678941A CN113678941A CN202110827552.XA CN202110827552A CN113678941A CN 113678941 A CN113678941 A CN 113678941A CN 202110827552 A CN202110827552 A CN 202110827552A CN 113678941 A CN113678941 A CN 113678941A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing potato mycoprotein feed by multi-bacterium solid state fermentation, which comprises the steps of raw material preparation, degradation, cooling and solidification. Aiming at the problem of low protein content of potato residues, the invention converts the cheap inorganic nitrogen source into the mycoprotein which is easy to utilize by animals by utilizing the growth of microorganisms, thereby improving the nutrition and the feeding value of the mycoprotein, providing rules for preparing feed products from the potato residues, promoting the recycling of the potato residues, and promoting the recycling of the potato residues.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a method for producing potato mycoprotein feed through multi-bacterium solid state fermentation.
Background
The potato residue contains glucoside alkaloid, namely solanine, which cannot be directly converted into feed, thereby causing a great deal of waste and serious environmental pollution. Although some cattle and sheep farmers feed cattle and sheep by using the boiled potato residues at present, the fattening effect cannot be achieved due to the high temperature resistance of the glucoside alkaloid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for producing potato mycoprotein feed through multi-bacterium solid-state fermentation, which aims to solve the problem that at present, some cattle and sheep farmers feed cattle and sheep with cooked potato residues due to high temperature resistance of glucoside alkaloid, but cannot achieve the fattening effect due to high temperature resistance of glucoside alkaloid, which is proposed in the background art.
The invention provides a method for producing potato mycoprotein feed by multi-bacterium solid fermentation, which is characterized by comprising the following specific operation steps:
m1, preparation of raw materials: the raw materials are as follows according to the parts by weight: 600-832 parts of potato residue, 341 parts of bran, 200 parts of broad bean powder, 125 parts of corn straw powder, 15-30 parts of cellulase, 21-33 parts of Aspergillus niger, 22-31 parts of corning xylanase, 16-22 parts of Geotrichum candidum, 20-35 parts of Candida utilis and 22-31 parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae;
m2, degradation: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, ditching: according to the ridge width, a buried channel is arranged, the channel width is 62-78 cm, and the channel depth is 22-27 cm;
s2, pouring potato residue, bran, broad bean powder, corn straw powder and cellulase into the ditch formed in the step S1, watering the upper end of the ditch, wherein water just permeates the raw material at the upper end, paving a film at the upper end of the ditch, paving the outer surface of the film with soil, wherein the thickness of the soil is 2-3 cm, the temperature below the film is kept within the range of 20-25 ℃, and the degradation time is controlled within the range of 10-12 hours;
s3, taking the mixed raw material formed in the step S2 out of the ditch, placing the mixed raw material in a fermentation tank, pouring Aspergillus niger and Corning wood enzyme into the fermentation tank, wherein the ratio of the raw material to water is 1: 15, adding water into the fermentation tank, keeping the water temperature at 21-24 ℃, and stirring once every 25 minutes to ensure that the saccharifying microbial inoculum formed between the aspergillus niger and the corning xylanase realizes saccharification and degradation;
s4, after saccharification and degradation of the raw materials are realized in the S3 step, geotrichum candidum, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae are added into the degraded raw materials, air holes of the fermentation tank are opened, air is introduced into the fermentation tank to provide oxygen required by strains and discharge heat generated in the fermentation process of the internal strains in time, and meanwhile, the content of carbon dioxide in the fermentation tank is reduced;
m3, cooling and solidifying: after the steps are completed, the feed is cooled at room temperature, and finally the cooled feed is sent into a granulator through a conveyer belt for granulation.
Preferably, the potato pulp is obtained after fiber centrifugal screen separation in a workshop, and the water content is 95%.
Preferably, the potato pulp with the water content of 95% is conveyed to the inside of the mesh bag squeezer by a conveyor for secondary dehydration, and the water content of the dehydrated potato pulp is 65%.
Preferably, the naturally air dried corn straw powder is mixed with potato pulp in proportion to a moisture content of 46%.
Preferably, the squeezing pressure inside the squeezing machine is 20MPa when the squeezing machine performs the secondary dewatering.
Preferably, the removal rate of solanine in the potato residue is 85%, the content of protein is increased, and the starch conversion rate is 92%.
Preferably, in the step S2, potato residue, bran, broad bean powder, corn stalk powder and cellulase are poured into the groove opened in the step S1, a film is laid at the upper end of the groove, holes are drilled at the upper end of the film, and heat emission and internal carbon dioxide emission are realized.
Preferably, the membrane is perforated, taking care to avoid soil on the membrane from entering the trench.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the problem of low protein content of potato residues, the invention converts the cheap inorganic nitrogen source into the mycoprotein which is easy to utilize by animals by utilizing the growth of microorganisms, thereby improving the nutrition and the feeding value of the mycoprotein, providing rules for preparing feed products from the potato residues, promoting the recycling of the potato residues, and promoting the recycling of the potato residues.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
The invention provides a method for producing potato mycoprotein feed by multi-bacterium solid fermentation, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
m1, preparation of raw materials: the raw materials are as follows according to the parts by weight: 600 parts of potato residues, 300 parts of bran, 121 parts of broad bean powder, 100 parts of corn straw powder, 15 parts of cellulase, 21 parts of aspergillus niger, 22 parts of corning xylanase, 16 parts of geotrichum candidum, 20 parts of candida utilis and 22 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, wherein the potato residues are obtained after fiber centrifugal screen separation in a workshop, the potato residues with the water content of 95 percent and the water content of 95 percent are conveyed to the inside of a mesh bag squeezer by a conveyor for secondary dehydration, the water content of the dehydrated potato residues is 65 percent, the naturally air-dried corn straw powder and the potato residues are mixed to reach the water content of 46 percent according to a proportion, and when the squeezer is used for secondary dehydration, the internal squeezing pressure is 20Mpa, the removal rate of solanine in the potato residues is 85 percent, the content of protein is increased, and the starch conversion rate is 92 percent.
M2, degradation: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, ditching: according to the width of the ridge, a buried channel is arranged, the width of the channel is 62 cm, and the depth of the channel is 22 cm;
s2, pouring potato residue, bran, broad bean powder, corn straw powder and cellulase into the ditch formed in the step S1, watering the upper end of the ditch, wherein the water is just soaked in the raw material at the upper end, paving a film at the upper end of the ditch, paving the outer surface of the film with soil, wherein the thickness of the soil is 2 cm, keeping the temperature below the film within the range of 20 ℃, controlling the degradation time within the range of 10 hours, paving the film at the upper end of the ditch, pricking the upper end of the film to discharge heat and discharge internal carbon dioxide, pricking holes on the film, and paying attention to prevent soil on the film from entering the ditch.
S3, taking the mixed raw material formed in the step S2 out of the ditch, placing the mixed raw material in a fermentation tank, pouring Aspergillus niger and Corning wood enzyme into the fermentation tank, wherein the ratio of the raw material to water is 1: 15, adding water into the fermentation tank, keeping the water temperature at 21 ℃, and stirring once every 25 minutes to ensure that the saccharification microbial inoculum formed between the aspergillus niger and the corning xylanase realizes saccharification and degradation;
s4, after saccharification and degradation of the raw materials are realized in the S3 step, geotrichum candidum, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae are added into the degraded raw materials, air holes of the fermentation tank are opened, air is introduced into the fermentation tank to provide oxygen required by strains and discharge heat generated in the fermentation process of the internal strains in time, and meanwhile, the content of carbon dioxide in the fermentation tank is reduced;
m3, cooling and solidifying: after the steps are completed, the feed is cooled at room temperature, and finally the cooled feed is sent into a granulator through a conveyer belt for granulation.
Aiming at the problem of low protein content of potato residues, the growth of microorganisms is utilized to convert an externally-added cheap inorganic nitrogen source into a mycoprotein which is easy to utilize by animals, so that the nutrition and the feeding value of the potato residues are improved.
The study was aimed at improving the nutritional value of potato starch residues. The potato residue is used as a main raw material, bran, broad bean straw powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials, the mixed raw material is degraded by cellulase, then straw powder and the like prepared by aspergillus niger and trichoderma koningii are used as auxiliary materials, the mixed raw material is degraded by the cellulase, then the saccharification bacterial agent prepared by the aspergillus niger and the trichoderma koningii is used for saccharification and degradation, finally the saccharification bacterial agent of 3 SCP zymogens of geotrichum candidum, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae is used for saccharification and degradation, finally 3 SCP zymogens of the geotrichum candidum, the candida utilis and the saccharomyces cerevisiae are used for fermentation, and the potato residue thallus protein feed is developed by adopting a multi-bacteria synergistic raw material solid state fermentation process.
Example 2
The invention provides a method for producing potato mycoprotein feed by multi-bacterium solid fermentation, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
m1, preparation of raw materials: the raw materials are as follows according to the parts by weight: 700 parts of potato residues, 321 parts of bran, 180 parts of broad bean powder, 120 parts of corn straw powder, 23 parts of cellulase, 27 parts of aspergillus niger, 25 parts of corning wood enzyme, 19 parts of geotrichum candidum, 28 parts of candida utilis and 27 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, wherein the potato residues are obtained after fiber centrifugal screen separation in a workshop, the potato residues with the water content of 95 percent and the water content of 95 percent are conveyed to the inside of a mesh bag squeezer by a conveyor for secondary dehydration, the water content of the dehydrated potato residues is 65 percent, the naturally air-dried corn straw powder and the potato residues are mixed to reach the water content of 46 percent according to a proportion, and when the secondary dehydration is carried out by the squeezer, the internal squeezing pressure is 20Mpa, the removal rate of solanine in the potato residues is 85 percent, the content of protein is increased, and the starch conversion rate is 92 percent.
M2, degradation: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, ditching: according to the width of the ridge, a buried channel is arranged, the width of the channel is 69 cm, and the depth of the channel is 25 cm;
s2, pouring potato residue, bran, broad bean powder, corn straw powder and cellulase into the ditch formed in the step S1, watering the upper end of the ditch, wherein the water is just soaked in the raw material at the upper end, paving a film at the upper end of the ditch, paving the outer surface of the film with soil, wherein the thickness of the soil is 2.5 cm, keeping the temperature below the film within the range of 22 ℃, controlling the degradation time within the range of 11 hours, paving the film at the upper end of the ditch, pricking the upper end of the film to discharge heat and discharge internal carbon dioxide, pricking the hole on the film, and paying attention to the soil on the film to avoid the soil on the film from entering the ditch.
S3, taking the mixed raw material formed in the step S2 out of the ditch, placing the mixed raw material in a fermentation tank, pouring Aspergillus niger and Corning wood enzyme into the fermentation tank, wherein the ratio of the raw material to water is 1: 15, adding water into the fermentation tank, keeping the water temperature at 22 ℃, and stirring once every 25 minutes to ensure that the saccharification microbial inoculum formed between the aspergillus niger and the corning xylanase realizes saccharification and degradation;
s4, after saccharification and degradation of the raw materials are realized in the S3 step, geotrichum candidum, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae are added into the degraded raw materials, air holes of the fermentation tank are opened, air is introduced into the fermentation tank to provide oxygen required by strains and discharge heat generated in the fermentation process of the internal strains in time, and meanwhile, the content of carbon dioxide in the fermentation tank is reduced;
m3, cooling and solidifying: after the steps are completed, the feed is cooled at room temperature, and finally the cooled feed is sent into a granulator through a conveyer belt for granulation.
Aiming at the problem of low protein content of potato residues, the growth of microorganisms is utilized to convert an externally-added cheap inorganic nitrogen source into a mycoprotein which is easy to utilize by animals, so that the nutrition and the feeding value of the potato residues are improved.
The study was aimed at improving the nutritional value of potato starch residues. The potato residue is used as a main raw material, bran, broad bean straw powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials, the mixed raw material is degraded by cellulase, then straw powder and the like prepared by aspergillus niger and trichoderma koningii are used as auxiliary materials, the mixed raw material is degraded by the cellulase, then the saccharification bacterial agent prepared by the aspergillus niger and the trichoderma koningii is used for saccharification and degradation, finally the saccharification bacterial agent of 3 SCP zymogens of geotrichum candidum, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae is used for saccharification and degradation, finally 3 SCP zymogens of the geotrichum candidum, the candida utilis and the saccharomyces cerevisiae are used for fermentation, and the potato residue thallus protein feed is developed by adopting a multi-bacteria synergistic raw material solid state fermentation process.
Example 3
The invention provides a method for producing potato mycoprotein feed by multi-bacterium solid fermentation, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
m1, preparation of raw materials: the raw materials are as follows according to the parts by weight: 832 parts of potato residues, 341 parts of bran, 200 parts of broad bean powder, 125 parts of corn straw powder, 30 parts of cellulase, 33 parts of aspergillus niger, 31 parts of corning xylanase, 22 parts of geotrichum candidum, 20-35 parts of candida utilis and 31 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, wherein the potato residues are obtained after separation of a workshop fiber centrifugal sieve, the potato residues with the water content of 95 percent and the water content of 95 percent are conveyed to the inside of a mesh bag squeezer by a conveyor for secondary dehydration, the water content of the dehydrated potato residues is 65 percent, the naturally air-dried corn straw powder and the potato residues are mixed to reach the water content of 46 percent according to a proportion, when the squeezer is used for secondary dehydration, the internal squeezing pressure is 20Mpa, the removal rate of solanine in the potato residues is 85 percent, the content of protein is increased, and the starch conversion rate is 92 percent.
M2, degradation: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, ditching: according to the width of the ridge, a buried channel is arranged, the width of the channel is 78 cm, and the depth of the channel is 27 cm;
s2, pouring potato residue, bran, broad bean powder, corn straw powder and cellulase into the ditch formed in the step S1, watering the upper end of the ditch, wherein the water is just soaked in the raw material at the upper end, paving a film at the upper end of the ditch, paving the outer surface of the film with soil, wherein the thickness of the soil is 3 cm, keeping the temperature below the film within the range of 25 ℃, controlling the degradation time within the range of 12 hours, paving the film at the upper end of the ditch, pricking the upper end of the film to discharge heat and discharge internal carbon dioxide, pricking holes on the film, and paying attention to prevent soil on the film from entering the ditch.
S3, taking the mixed raw material formed in the step S2 out of the ditch, placing the mixed raw material in a fermentation tank, pouring Aspergillus niger and Corning wood enzyme into the fermentation tank, wherein the ratio of the raw material to water is 1: 15, adding water into the fermentation tank, keeping the water temperature at 24 ℃, and stirring once every 25 minutes to ensure that the saccharification microbial inoculum formed between the aspergillus niger and the corning xylanase realizes saccharification and degradation;
s4, after saccharification and degradation of the raw materials are realized in the S3 step, geotrichum candidum, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae are added into the degraded raw materials, air holes of the fermentation tank are opened, air is introduced into the fermentation tank to provide oxygen required by strains and discharge heat generated in the fermentation process of the internal strains in time, and meanwhile, the content of carbon dioxide in the fermentation tank is reduced;
m3, cooling and solidifying: after the steps are completed, the feed is cooled at room temperature, and finally the cooled feed is sent into a granulator through a conveyer belt for granulation.
Aiming at the problem of low protein content of potato residues, the growth of microorganisms is utilized to convert an externally-added cheap inorganic nitrogen source into a mycoprotein which is easy to utilize by animals, so that the nutrition and the feeding value of the potato residues are improved.
The study was aimed at improving the nutritional value of potato starch residues. The potato residue is used as a main raw material, bran, broad bean straw powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials, the mixed raw material is degraded by cellulase, then straw powder and the like prepared by aspergillus niger and trichoderma koningii are used as auxiliary materials, the mixed raw material is degraded by the cellulase, then the saccharification bacterial agent prepared by the aspergillus niger and the trichoderma koningii is used for saccharification and degradation, finally the saccharification bacterial agent of 3 SCP zymogens of geotrichum candidum, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae is used for saccharification and degradation, finally 3 SCP zymogens of the geotrichum candidum, the candida utilis and the saccharomyces cerevisiae are used for fermentation, and the potato residue thallus protein feed is developed by adopting a multi-bacteria synergistic raw material solid state fermentation process.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for producing potato mycoprotein feed by multi-bacterium solid state fermentation is characterized by comprising the following specific operation steps:
m1, preparation of raw materials: the raw materials are as follows according to the parts by weight: 600-832 parts of potato residue, 341 parts of bran, 200 parts of broad bean powder, 125 parts of corn straw powder, 15-30 parts of cellulase, 21-33 parts of Aspergillus niger, 22-31 parts of corning xylanase, 16-22 parts of Geotrichum candidum, 20-35 parts of Candida utilis and 22-31 parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae;
m2, degradation: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, ditching: according to the ridge width, a buried channel is arranged, the channel width is 62-78 cm, and the channel depth is 22-27 cm;
s2, pouring potato residue, bran, broad bean powder, corn straw powder and cellulase into the ditch formed in the step S1, watering the upper end of the ditch, wherein water just permeates the raw material at the upper end, paving a film at the upper end of the ditch, paving the outer surface of the film with soil, wherein the thickness of the soil is 2-3 cm, the temperature below the film is kept within the range of 20-25 ℃, and the degradation time is controlled within the range of 10-12 hours;
s3, taking the mixed raw material formed in the step S2 out of the ditch, placing the mixed raw material in a fermentation tank, pouring Aspergillus niger and Corning wood enzyme into the fermentation tank, wherein the ratio of the raw material to water is 1: 15, adding water into the fermentation tank, keeping the water temperature at 21-24 ℃, and stirring once every 25 minutes to ensure that the saccharifying microbial inoculum formed between the aspergillus niger and the corning xylanase realizes saccharification and degradation;
s4, after saccharification and degradation of the raw materials are realized in the S3 step, geotrichum candidum, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae are added into the degraded raw materials, air holes of the fermentation tank are opened, air is introduced into the fermentation tank to provide oxygen required by strains and discharge heat generated in the fermentation process of the internal strains in time, and meanwhile, the content of carbon dioxide in the fermentation tank is reduced;
m3, cooling and solidifying: after the steps are completed, the feed is cooled at room temperature, and finally the cooled feed is sent into a granulator through a conveyer belt for granulation.
2. The method for producing the potato mycoprotein feed by the multi-bacterium solid state fermentation of claim 1, wherein the potato residue is obtained after fiber centrifugal screening in a workshop and has a water content of 95%.
3. The method for producing the potato mycoprotein feed through the multi-bacterium solid state fermentation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the potato residue with the water content of 95% is conveyed to the inside of the mesh bag squeezer by a conveyor for secondary dehydration, and the water content of the dehydrated potato residue is 65%.
4. The method for producing the potato mycoprotein feed by the multi-bacterium solid state fermentation as claimed in claim 3, wherein the naturally air-dried corn straw powder is mixed with the potato residue in proportion until the moisture content is 46%.
5. The method for producing potato mycoprotein feed through multi-bacterium solid state fermentation according to claim 3, wherein the squeezing pressure inside the squeezer during the secondary dehydration is 20 MPa.
6. The method for producing potato mycoprotein feed by multi-bacterium solid state fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the removal rate of solanine in potato residue is 85%, the content of protein is increased, and the starch conversion rate is 92%.
7. The method for producing the potato mycoprotein feed through the multi-bacterium solid state fermentation according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, potato residues, bran, broad bean powder, corn straw powder and cellulase are poured into the groove formed in the step S1, a film is laid at the upper end of the groove, holes are formed in the upper end of the film, and heat emission and internal carbon dioxide emission are achieved.
8. The method for producing potato mycoprotein feed through multi-bacterium solid state fermentation as claimed in claim 7, wherein the membrane is perforated with care to avoid soil on the membrane from entering the furrow.
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