CN113670182B - Method, system and terminal for measuring landslide motion characteristic parameters of deep tunnel - Google Patents
Method, system and terminal for measuring landslide motion characteristic parameters of deep tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113670182B CN113670182B CN202110944239.4A CN202110944239A CN113670182B CN 113670182 B CN113670182 B CN 113670182B CN 202110944239 A CN202110944239 A CN 202110944239A CN 113670182 B CN113670182 B CN 113670182B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B7/026—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring length of cable, band or the like, which has been paid out, e.g. from a reel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
- G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
- G01P13/04—Indicating positive or negative direction of a linear movement or clockwise or anti-clockwise direction of a rotational movement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/64—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
- G01P3/66—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using electric or magnetic means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of landslide monitoring, and discloses a method, a system and a terminal for measuring landslide motion characteristic parameters of a deep tunnel, wherein the method, the system and the terminal are used for determining the position of a monitoring point of a sliding body and installing an indicating rod at the selected position of the sliding body; determining the position of a reference pile, installing the reference pile, and installing a tensile displacement measurer; and measuring the relative position and orientation between the monitoring points and the stretching length of the monitoring measuring line, and calculating the motion characteristic parameters of the sliding body. The invention discloses a method for measuring landslide motion characteristic parameters of a deep tunnel, and aims to obtain landslide deep motion parameter information including displacement, motion direction and motion speed of a landslide by fully utilizing deep space conditions. The method has the advantages that on the basis of inheriting the advantages of small installation size, compact structure, large measurement stroke, high precision and the like of the stay cord displacement sensor, the defects of the traditional measurement method are overcome, and the large-range landslide observation including the motion displacement, the speed and the motion direction observation can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of landslide monitoring, and particularly relates to a method, a system and a terminal for measuring landslide motion characteristic parameters of a deep tunnel.
Background
At present, with the promotion of the construction of large-scale national engineering, the adit engineering is applied to some major landslide exploration works. Deep tunnels such as adit provide windows for directly observing deep structures of landslides, and provide good conditions for observing deep motion characteristics of landslides.
The method for acquiring the landslide motion characteristic information has important significance for analyzing the stability and the evolution process of the landslide. The deep motion information of the landslide can reflect the real motion state of the landslide better than the superficial motion information. The conventional landslide deep displacement monitoring method is mainly a drilling inclinometer, however, the landslide deformation is large, the landslide deep deformation can reach dozens of centimeters or even more than meters, the measurement range of the conventional drilling inclinometer is greatly exceeded, and the condition that the drilling inclinometer fails frequently occurs; the deeper the depth is, the lower the measurement precision is, and the measurement precision is difficult to meet the measurement requirement; in addition, the data of deep inclinometry cannot accurately measure the specific movement direction of the landslide.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the measurement precision is low, the measuring range is small, and the measurement of key motion parameters such as the landslide motion direction is difficult to measure.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the key of measuring the deep deformation is to measure the displacement at the position of a landslide slide belt, the depth of the slide belt is often deep and can reach tens of meters, and the accumulated error of deep measurement is determined to be large, so that the deep measurement precision and the reliability are low. At deep portions, the initial method of the inclinometer guide rails cannot be determined, thereby also making it difficult to accurately measure the direction of the landslide motion. In addition, the deep measurement technology based on the borehole inclinometer is difficult to meet the monitoring requirement of landslide large deformation. Therefore, the conventional drilling inclination measurement technology has the fundamental problems of low measurement precision, small measuring range, incapability of determining the deep position and the like, so that the reliable landslide motion parameters represented by deep deformation are difficult to obtain based on the conventional inclination measurement method.
The significance for solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the invention discloses a method, a system and a terminal for measuring landslide motion characteristic parameters of a deep tunnel, which are used for realizing the high-precision measurement of the landslide motion characteristic parameters of a large landslide range by fully utilizing a deep exploration adit in a major landslide and introducing a high-precision large-range stay cord displacement measurer.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method, a system and a terminal for measuring landslide motion characteristic parameters of a deep tunnel.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for measuring the landslide motion characteristic parameters of a deep tunnel comprises the following steps:
step one, determining a position of a monitoring point of a sliding body, and installing an indicating rod at the position selected by the sliding body;
determining the position of a reference pile, installing the reference pile, and installing a tensile displacement measurer;
and step three, measuring the relative position and orientation between the monitoring points and the stretching length of the monitoring measuring line, and calculating the motion characteristic parameters of the sliding body.
Further, in the step one, the specific process of determining the position of the sliding body monitoring point is as follows:
determining the position of a monitoring point of a sliding body on the tunnel face of the tunnel, and arranging an indicating rod to indicate the movement of a landslide; and determining the position of a slide body monitoring point according to the thickness of the slide belt, wherein the point A is vertically above the slide belt and is positioned at the midpoint of the horizontal component of the slide belt, and the distance H from the slide belt is the maximum value between the thickness H and 50cm of the slide belt, namely H = max { H,50}.
Further, in the step one, the specific process of installing the indicating rod at the selected position of the sliding body is as follows:
after the point position is selected, the indicating rod is horizontally inserted, the indicating rod is required to be made of stainless steel materials, certain corrosion resistance is achieved, the length of the indicating rod is required to be 60cm, the length of the indicating rod inserted into the sliding body is 2/3 of the total length, namely the indicating rod is inserted into the sliding body by 40cm, the outside is reserved by 20cm, the indicating rod is ensured to have high strength, and the indicating rod cannot deform when moving along with the sliding body;
a round hole with the diameter of 2mm needs to be reserved on the indicating rod, so that the stainless steel pull rope movement section of the pull rope displacement measurer can be fixed on the indicating rod to move along with the sliding mass.
Further, in the second step, the specific process of determining the position of the reference pile and installing the reference pile is as follows:
the two reference piles are vertically arranged and arranged at the bottom of the adit; the reference pile is a C30 concrete cubic column, the cross section size is 15cm multiplied by 15cm, and the height of the pull rope transmitting end is required to be consistent with the height of the indicating rod after the pull rope displacement measurer is installed;
the horizontal distance from the transmitting end port of the stay rope displacement sensor on the first reference pile to the face is 20cm, the horizontal distance is consistent with the distance from the outer end point of the indicating rod to the face, and the distance from the transmitting end port of the stay rope displacement measurer on the first reference pile to the indicating rod is 50cm; the horizontal distance from the transmitting end port of the stay rope displacement measurer on the second reference pile to the tunnel face is 70cm, and the connecting line of the transmitting end port of the stay rope displacement measurer and the transmitting end port of the stay rope displacement measurer on the transmitting end port of the first monitoring pile is perpendicular to the tunnel face;
the outer end point of the indication rod, the transmitting end port of the first reference pile pull rope displacement measurer and the transmitting end port of the second reference pile pull rope displacement measurer are projected on a horizontal plane to form an isosceles right-angle shape; and 4 threaded holes are reserved in the top of the reference pile after pouring is completed and used for fixing a base of the stay cord displacement measurer.
Further, in the second step, the specific process of installing the tensile displacement measuring device is as follows:
installing an installation base of the stay cord displacement measurer on the concrete reference pile through a screw, and connecting the stay cord displacement measurer with the reference pile through the base;
the first sensor and the second sensor are arranged at the wire outlet corresponding to the outer end point of the indicating rod; the stay cord displacement measurer is kept horizontal by adjusting a screw of the bracket; the pull rope penetrates through a reserved round hole of the indicating rod after being pulled out by a required length and is connected with the outer end point of the indicating rod through a metal buckle at the tail end of the pull rope.
Further, in the third step, the specific process of measuring the relative position and orientation between the monitoring points is as follows:
firstly, measuring and recording initial distances L from the outer end point of the indicating rod to the wire outlet of the stay cord displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the wire outlet of the stay cord displacement measurer on the second reference pile respectively through a measuring tool 2 、L 3 And measuring the distance L between the wire outlets of the stay rope displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the second reference pile by using a measuring tool 1 Recording the initial orientation of the A, B connecting line through a compass, and recording as theta; the position of the indicating rod is changed from point A to point A' due to the movement of the indicating rod along with the landslide, the directions of AB and AC are also changed, and the increment delta L of AB and AC is recorded by the pull rope displacement measurer 2 、ΔL 3 To obtain the distance L of A' B 2 ' is (L) 2 +ΔL 2 ) Distance L of A' C 3 Is' L 3 +ΔL 3 The displacement and the sliding direction of the landslide can be calculated by means of a trigonometric function according to the position relation and the length change of the three points.
Further, in the third step, the specific process of monitoring the stretching length of the measuring line is as follows:
and monitoring the distance change value between the outer end point of the rod and the wire outlet of the stay rope displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the wire outlet of the stay rope displacement measurer on the second reference pile by adopting a tension displacement measurer to obtain the sequence data of the displacement along with the time. I.e., f (t, m), f (t, n), m and n represent displacements in the x-axis and y-axis directions, respectively.
Further, in the third step, the motion characteristic parameters include: motion displacement, motion speed and motion direction.
Further, in the third step, the specific process of calculating the sliding body motion characteristic parameters is as follows:
substituting the collected data into the following formulas to respectively obtain the displacement, the movement speed and the direction of the landslide; the kinematic displacement formula is as follows:
the formula of the movement speed is as follows:
actual sliding direction θ' of landslide:
θ′＝θ+γ。
the invention also aims to provide a system for measuring landslide motion characteristic parameters of a deep tunnel, which comprises the following components:
the sliding body monitoring point position module is used for determining the position of a sliding body monitoring point;
the indicating rod is used for being installed at the position of the sliding body monitoring point determined by the sliding body;
the reference pile is installed at the position of the reference pile which is determined again;
the extension displacement measurer is arranged on the determined position of the reference pile;
and the sliding body motion characteristic parameter calculation module is used for measuring the determined relative position and orientation between the sliding body monitoring points and the monitoring measuring line stretching length, and calculating the sliding body motion characteristic parameters.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a program storage medium for receiving user input, the stored computer program causing an electronic device to execute the method for measuring a landslide motion characteristic parameter for a deep tunnel, comprising the steps of:
step one, determining the position of a monitoring point of a sliding body, and installing an indicating rod at the selected position of the sliding body;
determining the position of a reference pile, installing the reference pile, and installing a tensile displacement measurer;
and step three, measuring the relative position and orientation between the monitoring points and the tensile length of the monitoring measuring line, and calculating the motion characteristic parameters of the sliding body.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an information data processing terminal 1, which includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to execute the method for measuring a landslide motion characteristic parameter for a deep tunnel.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) The invention inherits the characteristics of high precision and wide range of the stay cord displacement sensor, the measurement precision can reach 0.1mm, and the measurement range can reach the meter level;
(2) The invention can realize the measurement of the landslide motion direction by monitoring the displacement of the set direction.
(3) The whole set of equipment has the advantages of low installation cost, simple installation and accurate measurement result, and the main material concrete of the reference pile in the equipment is small in concrete volume, so that the installation cost of the equipment is low. The equipment installation is simple, and the monitoring of landslide displacement can be realized by installing the stay cord displacement sensor on the reference pile and connecting the stay cord displacement sensor with the indicating rod.
(4) The invention can simultaneously calculate the displacement of the landslide in the x direction and the y direction at any moment and calculate the actual sliding direction of the landslide by collecting and monitoring data through the stay cord displacement sensor, thereby improving the real-time property and providing accurate data support for scientific research
(5) The invention adopts the pull rope displacement sensor to realize full-automatic acquisition, has good real-time performance and further realizes full-automatic monitoring.
The invention discloses a method for measuring landslide motion characteristic parameters of a deep tunnel, and aims to obtain landslide deep motion parameter information including displacement, motion direction and motion speed of a landslide by fully utilizing deep space conditions. The method has the advantages of inheriting the advantages of small installation size, compact structure, large measurement stroke, high precision and the like of the stay cord displacement sensor, simultaneously making up the defects of the traditional measurement method, realizing large range of landslide and observation including motion displacement, speed and motion direction.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring a landslide motion characteristic parameter of a deep tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring point location provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a pull cord displacement sensor arrangement provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a reference pile provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
in fig. 4: 1. concrete reference piles; 2. installing a base; 3. opening the pull rope; 4. and a compiler.
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of a measurement method provided by an embodiment of the invention;
in FIG. 5: 5. a pull rope displacement sensor; 6. pulling a rope; 7. an indicator bar; 8. a landslide mass; 9. a slide belt; 10. a bedrock.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of measurement point locations provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is an example computational graph provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of Δ x and Δ y with respect to t according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring landslide motion characteristic parameters of a deep tunnel, and the method is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for measuring the landslide motion characteristic parameter of the deep tunnel provided by the invention can be implemented by other steps by persons skilled in the art, and the invention of fig. 1 is only provided as a specific embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for measuring a landslide motion characteristic parameter in a deep tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s101: and determining the position of a monitoring point of the sliding body, and installing an indicating rod at the selected position of the sliding body.
S102: and determining the position of the reference pile, installing the reference pile, and installing a tensile displacement measurer. The pull rope displacement sensor can adopt MPS-S and MPS-M series tensile displacement measuring devices.
S103: and measuring the relative position and orientation between the monitoring points and the stretching length of the monitoring measuring line, and calculating the motion characteristic parameters of the sliding body.
In S101 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of determining the position of the sliding body monitoring point is as follows:
determining the position of a monitoring point of a sliding body on the tunnel face of the tunnel, and arranging an indicating rod to indicate the movement of a landslide; and determining the position of a slide body monitoring point according to the thickness of the slide belt, wherein the point A is vertically above the slide belt and is positioned at the midpoint of the horizontal component of the slide belt, and the distance H from the slide belt is the maximum value between the thickness H and 50cm of the slide belt, namely H = max { H,50}.
In S101 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a specific process of installing an indication rod at a position selected by a slider is as follows:
after the point position is selected, the indicating rod is horizontally inserted, the indicating rod is required to be made of stainless steel materials, certain corrosion resistance is achieved, the length of the indicating rod is required to be 60cm, the length of the indicating rod inserted into the sliding body is 2/3 of the total length, namely the indicating rod is inserted into the sliding body by 40cm, the outside is reserved by 20cm, the indicating rod is ensured to have high strength, and the indicating rod cannot deform when moving along with the sliding body;
a round hole with the diameter of 2mm needs to be reserved on the indicating rod, so that the stainless steel pull rope movement section of the pull rope displacement measurer can be fixed on the indicating rod to move along with the sliding mass.
In S102 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of determining the position of the reference pile and installing the reference pile is as follows:
two reference piles are vertically arranged and arranged at the bottom of the footrill; the reference pile is a C30 concrete cubic column, the cross section size is 15cm multiplied by 15cm, and the height of the pull rope transmitting end is required to be consistent with the height of the indicating rod after the pull rope displacement measurer is installed;
the horizontal distance between the transmitting end port of the stay rope displacement sensor on the first reference pile and the tunnel face is 20cm, the horizontal distance is consistent with the distance between the outer end point of the indicating rod and the tunnel face, and the distance between the transmitting end port of the stay rope displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the indicating rod is 50cm; the horizontal distance from the transmitting end port of the stay cord displacement measurer on the second reference pile to the tunnel face is 70cm, and a connecting line of the transmitting end port of the stay cord displacement measurer on the first monitoring pile and the transmitting end port of the stay cord displacement measurer on the first monitoring pile is perpendicular to the tunnel face; the outer end point of the indicating rod, the transmitting end port of the first reference pile pull rope displacement measurer and the transmitting end port of the second reference pile pull rope displacement measurer are projected on a horizontal plane to form an isosceles right-angle shape; after pouring is completed, 4 threaded holes are reserved in the top of the reference pile and used for fixing a base of the stay cord displacement measurer; an installation base 2 is fixed at the upper end of the concrete reference pile 1, a pull rope displacement measurer is fixed on the installation base 2, and a pull rope appearance opening 3 and a compiler 4 are fixed on the pull rope displacement measurer.
In S102 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a specific process of installing the tensile displacement measuring instrument is as follows:
installing an installation base of the stay cord displacement measurer on the concrete reference pile through a screw, and connecting the stay cord displacement measurer with the reference pile through the base;
the first sensor and the second sensor are arranged at the wire outlet corresponding to the outer end point of the indicating rod; the stay cord displacement measurer is kept horizontal by adjusting a screw of the bracket; the pull rope is pulled out by a required length and then passes through a reserved round hole of the indicating rod and is connected with the outer end point of the indicating rod through a metal buckle at the tail end of the pull rope.
In S103 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of measuring the relative position and orientation between the monitoring points is as follows:
firstly, measuring and recording initial distances L from the outer end point of the indicating rod to the wire outlet of the stay cord displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the wire outlet of the stay cord displacement measurer on the second reference pile respectively through a measuring tool 2 、L 3 And measuring the distance L between the wire outlets of the stay rope displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the second reference pile by using a measuring tool 1 Recording the initial orientation of the A, B connecting line through a compass, and recording as theta; the position of the indicating rod is changed due to the movement of the indicating rod along with the movement of the landslide, the A point is changed into the A' point, the AB and AC directions are also changed, and the pull rope displacement measurer is usedRecord the amount of increase Δ L of AB and AC 2 、ΔL 3 To obtain the distance L of A' B 2 ' is (L) 2 +ΔL 2 ) Distance L of A' C 3 Is' L 3 +ΔL 3 The displacement and the sliding direction of the landslide can be calculated by means of a trigonometric function according to the position relation and the length change of the three points.
In S103 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of monitoring the extension length of the measurement line is as follows:
and monitoring the distance change value between the outer end point of the rod and the wire outlet of the stay rope displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the wire outlet of the stay rope displacement measurer on the second reference pile by adopting a tension displacement measurer to obtain the sequence data of the displacement along with the time. I.e., f (t, m), f (t, n), m and n represent displacements in the x-axis and y-axis directions, respectively.
In S103 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of calculating the motion characteristic parameter of the sliding body is as follows:
the motion characteristic parameters include: motion displacement, motion speed and motion direction.
Substituting the collected data into the following formulas to respectively obtain the displacement, the movement speed and the direction of the landslide; the kinematic displacement formula is as follows:
the motion velocity formula is as follows:
actual sliding direction θ' of landslide:
θ′＝θ+γ (6)
the invention also provides a system for measuring landslide motion characteristic parameters of a deep tunnel, which comprises the following components:
the sliding body monitoring point position module is used for determining the position of a sliding body monitoring point;
the indicating rod is used for being installed at the position of the sliding body monitoring point determined by the sliding body;
the reference pile is installed at the position of the reference pile which is determined again;
the extension displacement measurer is arranged on the determined position of the reference pile;
and the sliding body motion characteristic parameter calculation module is used for measuring the determined relative position and orientation between the sliding body monitoring points and the monitoring measuring line stretching length, and calculating the sliding body motion characteristic parameters.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following specific examples.
1. Determining the position of a slider monitoring point
As shown in fig. 2, the position of a monitoring point (point a) of a sliding body is determined on the tunnel face of the tunnel, and an indicating rod is laid to indicate the movement of the landslide. And determining the position of a monitoring point of the sliding body according to the thickness of the sliding belt, wherein the point A is vertically above the sliding belt and is positioned at the middle point of the horizontal component of the sliding belt, and the distance H from the sliding belt is the maximum value between the thickness H of the sliding belt and 50cm, namely H = max { H,50}, so that the influence of the point is reduced when the sliding belt of the sliding slope moves in a shearing mode, and the point can indicate the movement of the sliding body.
2. Mounting an indicator rod at a selected position on the slider
After the point position is selected, the indicating rod is horizontally inserted, the indicating rod is required to be made of stainless steel materials and has certain corrosion resistance, the length of the indicating rod is required to be 60cm, the length of the indicating rod inserted into the sliding body is 2/3 of the total length, namely the indicating rod is inserted into the sliding body by 40cm, and the outside is reserved by 20cm. The purpose is to ensure that the indicating rod has higher strength and can not deform when moving along with the sliding mass. A round hole with the diameter of 2mm needs to be reserved on the indicating rod, so that the stainless steel pull rope movement section of the pull rope displacement measurer can be fixed on the indicating rod to move along with the sliding mass.
3. Determining the position of a reference pile and installing the reference pile
The benchmark stake has two, and vertical the laying is located the footrill bottom. The reference pile is a C30 concrete cubic column, the cross section size is 15cm multiplied by 15cm, and the height of the pull rope emission end is required to be consistent with the height of the indicating rod after the pull rope displacement measurer is installed. The horizontal distance from the transmitting end port of the stay cord displacement sensor on the first reference pile to the face is 20cm, the horizontal distance from the transmitting end port of the stay cord displacement sensor on the first reference pile to the face is consistent with the distance from the outer end point of the indicating rod to the face, and the distance from the transmitting end port (point B) of the stay cord displacement measurer on the first reference pile to the indicating rod is 50cm. The horizontal distance from the port (point C) of the transmitting end of the stay cord displacement measurer on the second reference pile to the tunnel face is 70cm, and the connecting line of the port (point C) of the transmitting end of the stay cord displacement measurer on the second reference pile and the port (point C) of the transmitting end of the stay cord displacement measurer on the first monitoring pile is perpendicular to the tunnel face. Therefore, the three points of the outer end point of the indicating rod, the transmitting end port of the first reference pile pull rope displacement measurer and the transmitting end port of the second reference pile pull rope displacement measurer are projected on a horizontal plane to form an isosceles right-angle shape. The position relationship among the first reference pile, the second reference pile and the indicating rod is shown in figure 3. And 4 threaded holes are reserved in the top of the reference pile after pouring is completed and are used for fixing a base of the stay cord displacement measurer. The reference pile schematic diagram is shown in fig. 4, an installation base 2 is fixed at the upper end of a concrete reference pile 1, a pull rope displacement measurer is fixed on the installation base 2, and a pull rope appearance opening 3 and a compiler 4 are fixed on the pull rope displacement measurer.
4. Installation tensile displacement measurer
As shown in fig. 5, a pull rope displacement sensor 5 is installed at the upper end of the concrete reference pile 1, a pull rope 6 is led out from the pull rope displacement sensor 5 through a pull rope emergence opening 3, the pull rope 6 is connected with an indication rod 7, the indication rod 7 is fixed on a landslide body 8, a slide belt 9 is arranged at the lower end of the landslide body 8, and bedrock 10 is arranged at the lower end of the slide belt 9.
The installation base of the stay cord displacement measurer is installed on the concrete reference pile through screws, and the stay cord displacement measurer can be connected with the reference pile through the base. The first sensor and the second sensor are arranged in the way that the wire outlet is aligned with the outer end point of the indicating rod when the indicating rod is installed. The stay cord displacement measurer is kept horizontal by adjusting a screw of the bracket. The pull rope is pulled out by a required length and then passes through a reserved round hole of the indicating rod and is connected with the outer end point of the indicating rod through a metal buckle at the tail end of the pull rope.
5. Measuring relative position and orientation between monitoring points
As shown in fig. 6, first, the initial distance L from the outer end point (point a) of the indicating rod to the outlet (point B) of the string displacement measuring device on the first reference pile and the initial distance L from the outlet (point C) of the string displacement measuring device on the second reference pile are measured and recorded by the measuring tool 2 、L 3 And measuring the distance L between the wire outlets of the stay rope displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the second reference pile by using a measuring tool 1 The initial orientation of the line A, B is recorded by the compass, denoted as θ. The position of the indicating rod is changed due to the movement of the indicating rod along with the movement of the landslide, the A point is changed into the A' point, the directions of the AB and the AC are also changed, and the increment delta L of the AB and the AC is recorded by the pull rope displacement measuring device 2 、ΔL 3 To obtain the distance L of A' B 2 ' is (L) 2 +ΔL 2 ) Distance L of A' C 3 Is' L 3 +ΔL 3 The displacement and the sliding direction of the landslide can be calculated by means of a trigonometric function according to the position relation and the length change of the three points.
6. Monitoring the tensile length of the wire
And (3) monitoring the distance change value between the outer end point (point A) of the rod and the outlet (point B) of the stay cord displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the outlet (point C) of the stay cord displacement measurer on the second reference pile by adopting a tension displacement measurer to obtain the sequence data of the displacement along with the time. I.e., f (t, m), f (t, n), m and n represent displacements in the x-axis and y-axis directions, respectively.
7. Calculating the characteristic parameters of the motion of the sliding body
The motion characteristic parameters include: motion displacement, motion speed and motion direction. The displacement, the movement speed and the direction of the landslide can be respectively obtained by substituting the acquired data into the following formulas.
The kinematic displacement formula is as follows:
the formula of the movement speed is as follows:
actual sliding direction θ' of landslide:
θ′＝θ+γ (6)
the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to simulation experiments.
(1) Determining a position of a detection point of a slider
And determining the position of a monitoring point (point A) of the sliding body on the tunnel face of the tunnel, and arranging an indicating rod to indicate the movement of the landslide. The position of a monitoring point of a sliding body is determined according to the thickness of the sliding belt, the horizontal length b of a tunnel face exposed out of the sliding belt is set as the thickness H, the point is located above the midpoint of the tunnel face exposed out of the sliding belt, the distance (H) from the sliding belt is the maximum value between the thickness H of the sliding belt and 50cm, namely H = max { H,50}, and the purpose is to reduce the influence of the point during the shearing movement of the sliding belt and ensure that the point can indicate the movement of the sliding body.
(2) Installation indication rod
And (2) horizontally inserting an indicating rod with the diameter of 30mm at the selected position of the sliding body according to the step (1), wherein the indicating rod is made of stainless steel materials and has certain corrosion resistance, the length of the indicating rod is 60cm, the length of the indicating rod inserted into the sliding body is 2/3 of the total length, namely the indicating rod is inserted into the sliding body by 40cm, and 20cm is reserved outside. The purpose is to ensure that the indicating rod has higher strength and can not deform when moving along with the sliding mass. A round hole with the diameter of 2mm needs to be reserved at the outer end of the indicating rod, so that a stainless steel pull rope moving section of the pull rope displacement measurer can be fixed on the indicating rod to move along with the sliding mass.
(3) Determining the position of the reference pile and installing the reference pile
And determining the position of the reference pile and installing the reference pile. The reference piles are vertically arranged and arranged at the bottom of the adit. The reference pile is a C30 concrete cubic column, the cross section size is 15cm multiplied by 15cm, and the height of the pull rope emission end is required to be consistent with the height of the indicating rod after the pull rope displacement measurer is installed. The horizontal distance between the wire outlet of the pull rope displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the tunnel face is 20cm, the distance between the wire outlet of the pull rope displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the tunnel face is consistent with the distance between the outer end point of the indicating rod and the tunnel face, and the distance between the wire outlet (point B) of the pull rope displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the indicating rod (point A) is 50cm. The horizontal distance from the port (point C) of the transmitting end of the stay rope displacement measurer on the second reference pile to the tunnel face is 70cm, namely the length of an AC (alternating Current) connecting line is 50cm, and the connecting line of the port (point C) of the transmitting end of the stay rope displacement measurer on the first monitoring pile and the port of the transmitting end of the stay rope displacement measurer is perpendicular to the tunnel face. Therefore, the three points of the outer end point of the indicating rod, the transmitting end port of the first reference pile pull rope displacement measurer and the transmitting end port of the second reference pile pull rope displacement measurer are projected on a horizontal plane to form an isosceles right triangle. And 4 threaded holes are reserved in the top of the reference pile after pouring is completed and used for fixing a base of the stay cord displacement measurer. The specification of the threaded hole is a screw matched with the specification of M4.
(4) Installation tensile displacement measurer
The method can adopt MPS-S and MPS-M series pull rope displacement measuring devices. The installation base of the stay cord displacement measurer is installed on the concrete reference pile through an M4 screw, and the stay cord displacement measurer can be connected with the reference pile through the base. The first sensor and the second sensor are arranged at the outlet ports of the indicating rod when being installed. The stay cord displacement measurer is kept horizontal by adjusting a screw of the bracket. When the stainless steel cable is installed, the angle level needs to be paid attention, namely, the minimum angle (tolerance deviation +/-30 ℃) is kept in the process of pulling the cable to the position of the indicating rod from the outlet horizontally to ensure the measuring accuracy and the service life of the cable. The pull rope is pulled out by the required length and then passes through the reserved round hole of the indicating rod and is connected with the outer end of the indicating rod through the metal buckle at the tail end of the pull rope. The instantaneous acceleration of the reciprocating motion when the pulling rope is pulled out can never exceed 1m/s2, and the steel rope is prevented from being broken.
(5) Measuring relative position and orientation between monitoring points
As shown in fig. 7, first, the initial distances L2=50cm and L3=70.7cm from the end of the indicating rod (point a) to the outlet of the string displacement measuring instrument on the first reference pile (point B) and the outlet of the string displacement measuring instrument on the second reference pile (point C) are measured and recorded by a measuring tool (optionally using a tape measure), and then the distance L1=50cm between the outlets of the string displacement measuring instruments on the first and second reference piles is measured by the measuring tool, and the initial orientation of the connecting line of A, B is recorded by a compass, which is recorded as θ =345 ° (i.e., 5 ° north). As the indicating rod moves along with the movement of the landslide, the position of the indicating rod changes from point A to point A', and the orientations of AB and AC also change.
(6) And calculating the characteristic parameters of the motion of the sliding body.
The data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1. DELTA.L 2 、△L 3 Sequence with respect to t
| t/ |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| ΔL 2 /mm | 1.26 | 2.71 | 3.65 | 5.24 | 7.91 | 10.14 | 12.40 | 15.30 | 18.43 | 20.83 | 23.10 | 25.88 |
| ΔL 3 /mm | 1.04 | 2.24 | 3.02 | 4.34 | 6.56 | 8.41 | 10.30 | 12.71 | 15.32 | 17.33 | 19.23 | 21.55 |
According to the formulas (1) and (2), the sequence of the displacement delta X and t of the landslide in the X direction and the sequence of the displacement delta Y and t of the landslide in the Y direction can be calculated, the actual sliding direction of the landslide can be calculated in real time according to the formulas (5) and (6), and detailed data are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 sequences of Δ x, Δ y with respect to t
As shown in fig. 8, the actual sliding direction is the sliding direction with respect to the initial orientation of the landslide; the sliding speed in the x and y directions of the landslide is the average speed.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be realized by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or specially designed hardware. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the apparatus and methods described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, such code being provided on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD-or DVD-ROM, programmable memory such as read only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier, for example. The apparatus and its modules of the present invention may be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., or by software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of hardware circuits and software, e.g., firmware.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for measuring the landslide motion characteristic parameters of the deep tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
determining a position of a sliding body monitoring point, and installing an indicating rod on the position of the sliding body monitoring point determined by the sliding body;
determining the position of a reference pile, installing the reference pile, and installing a stay cord displacement measurer;
measuring the determined relative position and orientation between the sliding body monitoring points and the monitoring measuring line stretching length, and calculating the sliding body motion characteristic parameters;
the specific process for determining the position of the sliding body monitoring point comprises the following steps:
determining the position of a monitoring point of a sliding body on the tunnel face of the tunnel, and arranging an indicating rod to indicate the movement of a landslide; determining the position of a sliding body monitoring point according to the thickness of the sliding belt, wherein the sliding body monitoring point is vertically above the sliding belt and is positioned at the midpoint of the horizontal component of the sliding belt, and the distance H from the sliding belt is the maximum value between the thickness H of the sliding belt and 50cm, namely H = max { H,50};
the installation of the indication rod slide body on the slide body monitoring point position determined by the slide body comprises the following steps:
after the point position is selected, an indicating rod is horizontally inserted, the indicating rod is made of stainless steel materials, the length of the indicating rod is 60cm, the length of the indicating rod inserted into the sliding body is 2/3 of the total length, and the indicating rod is ensured not to deform when moving along with the sliding body;
a round hole with the diameter of 2mm is reserved on the indicating rod, so that the stainless steel pull rope movement section of the pull rope displacement measurer can be fixed on the indicating rod to move along with the sliding mass;
the determining a reference pile position and installing a reference pile comprises:
the reference piles are vertically arranged and arranged at the bottom of the footrill; the height of the pull rope transmitting end of the reference pile provided with the pull rope displacement measurer is consistent with the height of the indicating rod;
the reference pile comprises a first reference pile and a second reference pile;
the horizontal distance from the transmitting end port of the stay cord displacement sensor on the first reference pile to the tunnel face is consistent with the distance from the outer end point of the indicating rod to the tunnel face;
the connection line of the transmitting end port of the stay rope displacement measurer on the second reference pile and the transmitting end port of the stay rope displacement measurer on the first reference pile is vertical to the tunnel face;
the outer end point of the indicating rod, the transmitting end port of the first reference pile pull rope displacement measurer and the transmitting end port of the second reference pile pull rope displacement measurer are projected on a horizontal plane to form an isosceles right-angle shape; after pouring is completed, 4 threaded holes are reserved in the top of the reference pile and used for fixing a base of the stay cord displacement measurer;
the installation pull rope displacement measuring device comprises:
installing an installation base of the stay cord displacement measurer on the concrete reference pile through a screw, and connecting the stay cord displacement measurer with the reference pile through the base;
the first sensor and the second sensor are arranged at the wire outlet corresponding to the outer end point of the indicating rod; the stay cord displacement measurer is kept horizontal by adjusting a screw of the bracket; the pull rope is pulled out by a required length and then passes through a reserved round hole of the indicating rod and is connected with the outer end point of the indicating rod through a metal buckle at the tail end of the pull rope.
2. The method for measuring a landslide motion characteristic for a deep tunnel according to claim 1 wherein said measuring a determined relative position and orientation between said sliding mass monitoring points specifically comprises:
firstly, measuring and recording the initial distance L from the outer end point A of the indicating rod to the outlet B of the stay cord displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the initial distance L from the outer end point A of the indicating rod to the outlet C of the stay cord displacement measurer on the second reference pile through a measuring tool respectively 2 、L 3 And measuring the distance L between the wire outlets of the stay rope displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the second reference pile by using a measuring tool 1 Recording the initial orientation of the A, B connecting line through a compass, and recording as theta; the position of the indicating rod is changed due to the movement of the indicating rod along with the movement of the landslide, the A point is changed into the A' point, the directions of the AB and the AC are also changed, and the increment delta L of the AB and the AC is recorded by the pull rope displacement measuring device 2 、ΔL 3 To obtain a distance L ' of A ' B ' 2 Is (L) 2 +ΔL 2 ) Distance L ' of A ' C ' 3 Is L 3 +ΔL 3 The displacement and the sliding direction of the landslide can be calculated by means of a trigonometric function according to the position relation and the length change of the three points.
3. The method of claim 2 for measuring a characteristic of landslide in a deep tunnel, wherein monitoring a stretch of a survey line comprises:
and (3) monitoring the distance change value between the outer end point of the rod and the outlet of the stay cord displacement measurer on the first reference pile and the outlet of the stay cord displacement measurer on the second reference pile by using a stay cord displacement measurer to obtain sequence data of displacement along with time, namely f (t, m), f (t, n), wherein m and n respectively represent displacement along the directions of the x axis and the y axis.
4. The method of claim 3 for measuring a landslide motion characteristic for a deep tunnel, the motion characteristic comprising: motion displacement, motion speed and motion direction;
the specific process of calculating the sliding body motion characteristic parameters comprises the following steps:
substituting the collected data into the following formulas to respectively obtain the displacement, the movement speed and the direction of the landslide;
the kinematic displacement formula is as follows:
the motion velocity formula is as follows:
actual sliding direction θ' of landslide:
θ′＝θ+γ。
5. a landslide motion characteristic parameter measurement system for a deep tunnel for implementing the method for landslide motion characteristic parameter measurement for a deep tunnel of any one of claims 1-4, comprising:
the sliding body monitoring point position module is used for determining the position of a sliding body monitoring point;
the indicating rod is used for being installed at the position of the sliding body monitoring point determined by the sliding body;
the reference pile is arranged at the determined position of the reference pile;
a pull rope displacement measurer which is arranged on the determined reference pile position;
and the sliding body motion characteristic parameter calculation module is used for measuring the determined relative position and orientation between the sliding body monitoring points, monitoring the stretching length of the measuring line and calculating the sliding body motion characteristic parameters.
6. A program storage medium for receiving user input, the stored computer program causing an electronic device to perform the method for measuring a characteristic quantity of landslide in a deep tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
step one, determining the position of a monitoring point of a sliding body, and installing an indicating rod at the selected position of the sliding body;
determining the position of a reference pile, installing the reference pile, and installing a stay cord displacement measurer;
and step three, measuring the relative position and orientation between the monitoring points and the tensile length of the monitoring measuring line, and calculating the motion characteristic parameters of the sliding body.
7. An information data processing terminal, characterized in that the information data processing terminal comprises a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to execute the method for measuring a landslide motion characteristic parameter for a deep tunnel according to any one of claims 1-4.
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