CN115046525B - Movable inclinometer and method for measuring deep horizontal displacement - Google Patents
Movable inclinometer and method for measuring deep horizontal displacement Download PDFInfo
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- CN115046525B CN115046525B CN202210971248.7A CN202210971248A CN115046525B CN 115046525 B CN115046525 B CN 115046525B CN 202210971248 A CN202210971248 A CN 202210971248A CN 115046525 B CN115046525 B CN 115046525B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
Abstract
The invention discloses a movable inclinometer and a method for measuring deep horizontal displacement, wherein a foundation pit coordinate system is as follows: an XY axis vertical to and parallel to the foundation pit and a Z axis vertical to the XY axis; the inside of measuring staff installs: the inclination magnetometer and the inclinometer are used for acquiring angle data and are in data communication interactive connection with the upper computer; in the single-section measuring distance L, the inclination magnetometer correspondingly measures a Z-axis rotation angle theta of the measuring rod relative to a Z axis, the inclinometer measures an X-axis inclination angle alpha and a Y-axis inclination angle beta of the measuring rod relative to an X axis and a Y axis respectively, the upper computer receives and calculates a corresponding actual deformation A of the inclinometer according to the single-section measuring distance L, the X-axis inclination angle alpha, the Y-axis inclination angle beta and the Z-axis rotation angle theta, and a calculation formula of the actual deformation A of the inclinometer is as follows: a = lssin α | cos θ | + lssin β | sin θ |. When this application realized deviational survey pipe towards arbitrary orientation deformation, the ascending displacement volume in vertical foundation ditch direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automatic engineering measurement, in particular to a movable inclinometer and a method for measuring deep horizontal displacement.
Background
The inclinometry technology is widely applied to monitoring of soil deformation, plays a very key role in predicting and early warning construction risks, and is particularly applied to foundation construction projects of deep foundation pits. Firstly, embedding an inclinometer in a soil body at a monitoring position, placing an inclinometer into the inclinometer along a guide groove, and then measuring section by section every 500 mm. The inclinometer can be cooperatively deformed along with the inclinometer tube, and an included angle between the axis of the inclinometer tube and a plumb line is measured, so that the horizontal displacement and the inclination curve of each measuring point in the inclinometer tube are calculated. Finally, the purpose of monitoring the soil deformation is achieved.
In the monitoring of deep basal pit horizontal displacement, there is certain influence to the monitoring data accuracy in the quality of burying underground of deviational survey pipe, especially when the deviational survey pipe takes place the distortion, and the deviational survey pipe guide slot deviates from perpendicular basal pit direction promptly, and this can lead to the circumstances that there is the deviation in deviational survey data and actual deformation. However, during construction of the inclinometer pipe, the inclinometer data is inaccurate because some factors cannot ensure that the guide groove of the inclinometer pipe is completely vertical to the direction of the foundation pit.
The current foundation pit size is generally 10 to 20 meters. Accordingly, the burying of the inclinometer is typically 20 meters to 50 meters. Some items are even up to hundreds of meters. The deeper the inclinometer is buried, the more significant the problems of distortion and non-perpendicularity of the inclinometer during construction are. The influence brought by this, that is, the inclinometer measurement is inaccurate, can be more serious, and the reliability and the safety of foundation pit deformation monitoring are threatened profoundly. Since it is impossible to construct the inclinometer pipe completely vertically without distortion from the construction process of the inclinometer pipe, the problem of measurement data deviation caused by distortion deformation of the inclinometer pipe is urgently solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a movable inclinometer and a method for measuring deep horizontal displacement, which are started from an inclinometer, solve the problem of deviation of measurement data of the inclinometer when an inclinometer is distorted by a new calculation scheme and instrument, and solve the problem of inaccurate measurement data of the inclinometer in the current industry when the inclinometer is distorted.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a movable inclinometer for measuring deep horizontal displacement, which comprises a cable and a measuring rod, wherein the measuring rod is arranged along a guide groove in an inclinometer, the inclinometer is embedded in a foundation pit, the cable drives the measuring rod to move downwards and upwards in a straight line in the inclinometer and form a single-section measuring distance L, and the movable inclinometer comprises: the foundation pit coordinate system of the foundation pit is as follows: an X axis perpendicular to the foundation pit, a Y axis parallel to the foundation pit, and a Z axis perpendicular to the X axis and the Y axis; the movable inclinometer further comprises an upper computer, and the measuring rod is internally provided with: the inclination magnetometer and the inclinometer are used for acquiring angle data and are in data communication interactive connection with the upper computer; within the single-stage measurement distance L, the inclination magnetometer correspondingly measures a Z-axis rotation angle theta of the measuring rod relative to the Z axis, the inclinometer measures an X-axis inclination angle alpha and a Y-axis inclination angle beta of the measuring rod relative to the X axis and the Y axis respectively, the upper computer receives and calculates a corresponding actual deformation A of the inclinometer pipe according to the single-stage measurement distance L, the X-axis inclination angle alpha, the Y-axis inclination angle beta and the Z-axis rotation angle theta, and the calculation formula of the actual deformation A of the inclinometer pipe is as follows: a = lssin α | cos θ | + lssin β | sin θ |.
The invention provides a movable inclinometer for measuring deep horizontal displacement, which starts with an inclinometer, solves the problem that the measurement data of the inclinometer has deviation when an inclinometer is distorted, and calculates the displacement by acquiring the inclination angle data in the X-axis and Y-axis directions and the rotation angle data in the Z-axis direction and combining a new algorithm. The algorithm of the scheme can calculate the displacement in the direction vertical to the foundation pit when the inclinometer pipe deforms towards any direction, and completely solves the problem that the measurement data of the inclinometer in the current industry is inaccurate when the inclinometer pipe is distorted.
As a further improvement, the actual deformation amount a of the inclinometer pipe is a displacement amount on the X axis perpendicular to the foundation pit direction when the inclinometer pipe deforms in any direction.
As a further improvement, the calculation formula is suitable for the positive measurement inclined pipe actual deformation and the negative measurement inclined pipe actual deformation of the movable inclinometer relative to the angle of 180 degrees.
As a further improvement, the upper computer is according to: (the actual deformation of the inclinometer pipe is measured positively-the actual deformation of the inclinometer pipe is measured reversely) ÷ 2 so as to eliminate errors and obtain a calibrated deformation.
As a further improvement, the movable inclinometer continuously measures a plurality of single-section measurement distances L along the inclinometer pipe, and the upper computer calculates to obtain a plurality of corresponding calibration deformation and calculates to generate an inclinometer curve.
As a further improvement, an acquisition controller is further installed inside the measuring rod, and the upper computer is connected with the acquisition controller in a data communication mode to acquire the angular data of the inclination magnetometer and the inclinometer.
As a further improvement, the upper computer is connected with the acquisition controller through a wireless communication connection or an RS232 communication line.
As a further improvement, the top of measuring staff has cable wiring end, the cable with cable wiring end cooperatees and is connected, cable wiring end with measuring staff top screw thread locking connects, the rubber pad is installed to the bottom of measuring staff, include in the cable: the cable comprises a power line and a communication line, wherein the cable is provided with a scale, and the scale is marked with marks at intervals.
As a further improvement, the inclination magnetometer is a three-axis or single-axis for measuring the rotation angle θ of the Z-axis, and the inclination magnetometer adopts one of the following schemes: two single-axis inclinometers are vertically arranged with each other to realize that one of the inclinometers measures the X-axis inclination angle alpha and the other one measures the Y-axis inclination angle beta; or a dual-axis inclinometer measuring the X-axis inclination angle alpha and the Y-axis inclination angle beta; or a three-axis inclinometer measuring only the X-axis inclination angle alpha and the Y-axis inclination angle beta.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a deep horizontal displacement measuring method, wherein: the measuring method adopts the movable inclinometer for measuring the horizontal displacement of the deep layer provided by the invention; the upper computer collects the single-section measuring distance L formed by the movable inclinometer relative to the inclinometer; the upper computer collects the X-axis inclination angle alpha, the Y-axis inclination angle beta and the Z-axis rotation angle theta measured by the movable inclinometer corresponding to the single-section measuring distance L; the upper computer calculates the actual deformation A of the inclinometer corresponding to the single-section measurement distance L, and the calculation formula of the actual deformation A of the inclinometer is as follows: a = lssin α | cos θ | + lssin β | sin θ |.
As a further improvement, the measurement method comprises: the method comprises the steps of initializing a pairing stage, a forward measuring stage, a reverse measuring stage and a calculating and generating inclinometer curve stage, wherein the forward measuring stage and the reverse measuring stage are two times of measurement at an angle of 180 degrees, the forward measuring stage and the reverse measuring stage respectively comprise the continuous measurement of a plurality of single-section measuring distances L and a plurality of corresponding actual deformation amounts A of the inclinometer pipe, and the calculating and generating inclinometer curve stage adopts a calibrated deformation amount = (the actual deformation amount of the inclinometer pipe is measured in the positive direction-the actual deformation amount of the inclinometer pipe is measured in the reverse direction) = 2 so as to eliminate errors.
As a further improvement, the initial pairing phase includes: the method comprises the following steps: linking the measuring bar with the cable; step two: connecting the other end of the cable to the upper computer; step three: the upper computer is electrified, and a measuring mode is selected; step four: the measuring rod is vertically lifted, the direction of a high guide wheel of the measuring rod is perpendicular to the direction of the foundation pit, and the inclination magnetometer is controlled to return to zero by the upper computer; the forward measurement phase comprises: step five: placing the high guide wheel of the measuring rod into the inclinometer pipe towards the foundation pit, controlling the measuring rod to be lowered to the bottom of the inclinometer pipe, and standing for at least 10 minutes; step six: the cable is pulled, the single-section measuring distance L is controlled by taking the mark of the scale on the cable as a reference, when the first mark of the scale is positioned at the pipe orifice of the inclinometer pipe, the upper computer controls to start measuring, the upper computer calculates and records the corresponding actual deformation A of the inclinometer pipe in real time, the upper computer pulls every other mark once until the measuring rod is pulled up to the pipe orifice, and the forward measurement is finished; the reverse measurement phase comprises: step seven: taking out the measuring rod, rotating by 180 degrees, placing the measuring rod into the inclinometer tube, controlling the measuring rod to be placed down to the bottom of the inclinometer tube, and standing for at least 10 minutes; step eight: the cable is pulled, the single-section measuring distance L is controlled by taking the mark of the scale on the cable as a reference, when the first mark of the scale is marked at the position of the pipe orifice of the inclinometer pipe, the upper computer controls to start measuring, the upper computer calculates and records the corresponding actual deformation A of the inclinometer pipe in real time, the measurement is pulled up once every other mark until the measuring rod is pulled up to the pipe orifice, and the reverse measurement is finished; the step of calculating and generating the clinograph curve comprises the following steps: step nine: and the upper computer obtains the corresponding calibration deformation according to the data recorded in the forward measurement stage and the reverse measurement stage, and calculates and generates an inclinometry curve according to the calibration deformation.
The measuring method and the inclinometer solve the problem that the conventional movable inclinometer measuring method in the industry cannot completely solve the problem of inclination pipe distortion measurement, and improve the inclination measurement accuracy. The invention provides a measuring process of a movable inclinometer. The method has guiding significance in measurement by using the movable inclinometer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a mobile inclinometer of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the communication structure of the mobile inclinometer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the present invention in a first variation of measurement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a second variation of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the measurement according to the third variant of the invention.
Reference numerals: 110-cable, 120-cable terminal, 130-measuring rod, 140-acquisition controller, 150-inclination magnetometer, 160-inclinometer, 170-rubber pad, 180-power line, 190-communication line, 210-upper computer, 300-inclinometer pipe and 400-foundation pit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a movable inclinometer for measuring deep horizontal displacement, which comprises a cable 110 and a measuring rod 130, wherein the measuring rod 130 is arranged along a guide slot in an inclinometer tube 300, the inclinometer tube is embedded in a foundation pit 400, the cable 110 drives the measuring rod 130 to make downward and upward straight motions in the inclinometer tube and form a single-stage measurement distance L, wherein: the foundation pit coordinate system of the foundation pit 400 is as follows: an X axis perpendicular to the foundation pit, a Y axis parallel to the foundation pit, and a Z axis perpendicular to the X axis and the Y axis; the movable inclinometer further comprises an upper computer 210, wherein the measuring rod 130 is internally provided with: the inclination magnetometer 150 and the inclinometer 160 are respectively used for acquiring angle data and are in data communication interactive connection with the upper computer 210; within the single-stage measurement distance L, the tilt magnetometer 150 correspondingly measures a Z-axis rotation angle θ of the spindle 130 relative to the Z-axis, the inclinometer 160 measures an X-axis tilt angle α and a Y-axis tilt angle β of the spindle 130 relative to the X-axis and the Y-axis, respectively, the upper computer 210 receives and calculates a corresponding actual deformation a of the inclinometer according to the single-stage measurement distance L, the X-axis tilt angle α, the Y-axis tilt angle β and the Z-axis rotation angle θ, and the calculation formula of the actual deformation a of the inclinometer is as follows: a = lssin α | cos θ | + lssin β | sin θ |.
The invention provides a movable inclinometer for measuring deep horizontal displacement, which is started from an inclinometer, solves the problem of deviation of measurement data of the inclinometer when an inclinometer is distorted, and calculates displacement by acquiring inclination angle data in X-axis and Y-axis directions and rotation angle data in Z-axis direction and combining with a new algorithm. The algorithm of the scheme can calculate the displacement in the direction vertical to the foundation pit when the inclinometer pipe deforms towards any direction, and completely solves the problem that the measurement data of the inclinometer in the current industry is inaccurate when the inclinometer pipe is distorted.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cable is mated to a cable termination. And the cable wiring terminal is locked with the top thread of the measuring rod 1. The acquisition controller, the inclination magnetometer and the inclinometer are arranged inside the measuring rod. The inclinometer is a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) inclinometer. The rubber pad is installed to the measuring staff bottom. The acquisition controller interacts with the inclinometer and the magnetometer. The acquisition controller is interacted with the upper computer through a cable.
In the schematic diagrams of the measurement principle shown in fig. 3 to 5, the present invention adopts the XY + Z measurement method. Three variants are specified.
The data collected by the collection controller from the MEMS inclinometer and the inclinometer is angle data. The X-axis direction of the inclinometer is an alpha angle, the Y-axis direction is a beta angle, and the Z-axis direction of the inclinometer magnetometer is a theta angle. The X-axis displacement of the inclinometer is X = lsina, and the Y-axis displacement of the inclinometer is Y = lsinbeta. L is the single-stage measuring distance of the inclinometer. In fig. 3 to 5, the xy coordinate system is a coordinate system of the foundation pit, the x direction is perpendicular to the foundation pit, and the y direction is parallel to the foundation pit; the x 'y' coordinate systems are the inclinometer and inclinometer coordinate systems.
The inclinometer pipe can deform in the soil body along the direction vertical to the foundation pit and along other directions. In the first case of fig. 3: the situation that the inclinometer pipe is distorted and deformed along the foundation pit (x, -y) direction is shown. The inclinometer center point o changes to o'. A is the actual deformation of the inclinometer pipe, and the theta angle is the Z-axis rotation angle, namely the distortion angle of the inclinometer pipe. In this case, the calculation formula is derived:
A=Bcosδ (1)
γ+δ=θ (2)
substituting equation (2) into equation (1) yields
A=Bcos(θ-γ) (3)
Because of the fact that
cosγ=x/B (4)
sinγ=y/B (5)
Substituting the formula (4) and the formula (5) into the formula (3) can obtain
A=xcosθ+ysinθ (6)
Namely that
A=Lsinαcosθ+Lsinβsinθ (7)
According to the foundation pit detection standard, forward measurement and reverse measurement need to be carried out, and the inclinometer needs to be rotated by 180 degrees during reverse measurement, the displacement measured by the inclinometer is a negative value, and the angles of an X axis and a Y axis measured by the inclinometer are negative values at the moment.
Therefore, the forward measurement formula and the reverse measurement formula are unified in this case:
A=Lsinα|cosθ|+Lsinβ|sinθ| (8)
case two of fig. 4: the case that the deviational survey pipe takes place the distortion and warp along foundation ditch (x, y) direction is for the deviational survey. The inclinometer center point o changes to o'. A is the actual deformation of the inclinometer pipe, and the theta angle is the Z-axis rotation angle, namely the distortion angle of the inclinometer pipe.
In this case, the calculation formula is derived:
A=Bcosδ (1)
γ+δ+θ=90° (9)
substituting equation (9) into equation (1) yields
A=Bcos(90°-θ-γ） (10)
Because of
cosγ=y/B (4’)
sinγ=x/B (5’)
Substituting the equations (4 ') and (5') into the equation (10) can be obtained
A=xcosθ+ysinθ (6)
Namely, it is
A=Lsinαcosθ+Lsinβsinθ (7)
According to the foundation pit detection standard, forward measurement and reverse measurement are needed, the inclinometer needs to be rotated by 180 degrees during reverse measurement, the displacement measured by the inclinometer needs to be a negative value, and the angles of an X axis and a Y axis measured by the inclinometer are negative values at the moment.
Therefore, the forward measurement formula and the reverse measurement formula are unified in this case:
A=Lsinα|cosθ|+Lsinβ|sinθ| (8)
case three of fig. 5: the condition that the inclinometer pipe is distorted and deformed along the x-axis direction of the foundation pit is provided. The inclinometer center point o changes to o'. A is the actual deformation of the inclinometer pipe, and the theta angle is the Z-axis rotation angle, namely the distortion angle of the inclinometer pipe. In case three
A 2 =（Lsinα） 2 +(Lsinβ) 2 (11)
While
cosθ=Lsinα/A (12)
sinθ=Lsinβ/A (13)
Thus substituting the notations (12) and (13) into equation (11) can result
A=Lsinαcosθ+Lsinβsinθ (7)
And forward measurement and reverse measurement are required according to foundation pit detection specifications. Therefore, the forward measurement formula and the reverse measurement formula are unified in this case:
A=Lsinα|cosθ|+Lsinβ|sinθ| (8)
in summary, as shown in fig. 3 to fig. 5, when the measuring method according to the present invention is used, no matter the measurement is performed in the forward direction or in the reverse direction, and no matter which direction the inclinometer is deformed, the deformation of the inclinometer in the direction perpendicular to the foundation pit can be calculated by the same algorithm, that is:
A=Lsinα|cosθ|+Lsinβ|sinθ| (8)
in the prior art, the movable inclinometers in the current industry mostly adopt a single-axis (X) or double-axis (X + Y/X + Z) inclinometer measuring method. The problem of inclinometer tube distortion cannot be solved by a single axis (X axis) inclinometer, whereas a dual axis (X + Y/X + Z) inclinometer only solves the problem of inclinometer tube distortion to a certain extent, i.e. when the inclinometer tube moves only in the direction of the vertical foundation pit, the dual axis (X + Y/X + Z) inclinometer can calculate the displacement in the direction of the vertical foundation pit. However, if the inclinometer pipe moves in a direction parallel to the foundation pit, the displacement calculated by the algorithm of the biaxial (X + Y/X + Z) inclinometer will deviate from the true deformation to a certain extent, so that the biaxial (X + Y/X + Z) inclinometer cannot completely solve the problem of the distortion of the inclinometer pipe. When the inclinometer pipe is distorted, the measured data and the real data of the existing single-axis (X) inclinometer in the industry have deviation. 2. When the inclinometer pipe is twisted and does not move along the direction vertical to the foundation pit, the measurement data of the existing double-axis inclinometer (X + Y/X + Z) in the industry has deviation from the real data. The existing double-shaft (X + Y) inclinometer in the industry is complex in algorithm calculation, and an algorithm formula needs to be changed during positive and negative measurement.
In case one and case two, the measurement values calculated using the conventional prior art two-axis (X + Y/X + Z) inclinometer measurement method deviate from the true values.
In case one, the measured value calculated using the prior art X + Y axis measurement method is
B 2 =（Lsinα） 2 +(Lsinβ) 2 (14)
B is the length of O-O', and B > A as shown in FIG. 3.
In case one, the measured value calculated using the X + Z axis measurement method is
C=Lsinα/cosθ (15)
C is the length of the intersection of the delta angle on the y' axis, and C > A as shown in FIG. 3.
Similarly, in case two, the X + Y axis measurement B > A; the X + Z axis measurement C < A. In the prior art, an X + Y measuring mode and an X + Z measuring mode are accurate in measurement only when the inclinometer pipe deforms along the direction vertical to the foundation pit. In the XY + Z measuring mode, no matter which direction the inclinometer pipe deforms, the deformation of the inclinometer pipe in the direction vertical to the foundation pit can be calculated by the same algorithm.
The method can really solve the problem that the measured value of the conventional inclinometer is deviated from the actual deformation value due to the distortion of the inclinometer. The displacement is calculated by acquiring the inclination angle data in the X-axis and Y-axis directions and the rotation angle data in the Z-axis direction in combination with a new algorithm. The algorithm of the scheme can calculate the displacement amount in the direction vertical to the foundation pit when the inclinometer pipe deforms towards any direction, and the problem that the measurement data of the inclinometer in the current industry is inaccurate when the inclinometer pipe is distorted is completely solved by A = Lsin alpha | cos theta | + Lsin beta | sin theta |.
As a further improvement, the actual deformation amount a of the inclinometer pipe is a displacement amount on the X axis perpendicular to the foundation pit direction when the inclinometer pipe deforms in any direction.
As a further improvement, the calculation formula is suitable for the positive measurement inclined pipe actual deformation and the reverse measurement inclined pipe actual deformation of the movable inclinometer relative to an angle of 180 degrees.
As a further improvement, the upper computer is according to: (the actual deformation of the inclinometer pipe is measured positively-the actual deformation of the inclinometer pipe is measured negatively) ÷ 2 so as to eliminate errors and obtain a calibrated deformation.
As a further improvement, the movable inclinometer continuously measures a plurality of single-section measurement distances L along the inclinometer pipe, and the upper computer calculates and obtains a plurality of corresponding calibration deformation quantities and calculates and generates an inclinometer curve.
As a further improvement, an acquisition controller 140 is further installed inside the measuring rod 130, and the upper computer 210 is connected with the acquisition controller 140 through data communication to acquire angle data of the inclination magnetometer 150 and the inclinometer 160.
As a further improvement, the upper computer 210 is connected with the acquisition controller 140 through a wireless communication connection or an RS232 communication line.
As a further improvement, the top of the measuring rod 130 is provided with a cable terminal 120, the cable 110 is connected with the cable terminal 120 in a matching way, the cable terminal 120 is connected with the top of the measuring rod 130 in a thread locking way, the bottom of the measuring rod 130 is provided with a rubber pad 170, and the cable comprises: a power line 180 and a communication line 190, the cable having a scale marked at intervals.
As a further improvement, the inclination magnetometer is a three-axis or single-axis for measuring the rotation angle θ of the Z-axis, and the inclination meter 160 adopts one of the following schemes: two single-axis inclinometers are vertically arranged with each other to realize that one of the inclinometers measures the X-axis inclination angle alpha and the other one measures the Y-axis inclination angle beta; or a dual-axis inclinometer measuring the X-axis inclination angle alpha and the Y-axis inclination angle beta; or a three-axis inclinometer measuring only the X-axis inclination angle alpha and the Y-axis inclination angle beta.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cable is a quad cable, two power supply wires and two communication wires, and the communication mode is RS232 communication. Every other segment of the cable is marked with a mark. The tilt magnetometer may be triaxial, reading only Z-axis data; or may be a uniaxial Z axis. The tilt angle sensor can be formed by vertically installing two single-axis inclinometers, wherein one single-axis inclinometer is used for measuring X-axis data and the other single-axis inclinometer is used for measuring Y-axis data; can be a two-axis inclinometer X-axis and Y-axis data; it is also possible that only X-axis and Y-axis data is acquired by a three-axis inclinometer. The acquisition controller only acquires the angle data of the MEMS inclinometer and the inclination magnetometer. The upper computer supplies power to the acquisition controller through two power supply wires. The upper computer receives data acquired by the acquisition controller through two RS232 communication lines and sends instructions to the acquisition controller through the RS232 communication lines. And the upper computer performs different algorithm calculations according to the measurement modes after receiving the data acquired by the acquisition controller.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a deep horizontal displacement measuring method, wherein: the measuring method adopts the movable inclinometer for measuring the horizontal displacement of the deep layer provided by the invention; the upper computer 210 collects the single-section measuring distance L formed by the movable inclinometer relative to the inclinometer pipe 300; the upper computer 210 collects the X-axis inclination angle alpha, the Y-axis inclination angle beta and the Z-axis rotation angle theta measured by the movable inclinometer corresponding to the single-section measurement distance L; the upper computer 210 calculates the actual deformation A of the inclinometer pipe corresponding to the single-section measurement distance L, and the calculation formula of the actual deformation A of the inclinometer pipe is as follows: a = lssin α | cos θ | + lssin β | sin θ |.
As a further improvement, the measuring method comprises: the method comprises the steps of initializing a pairing stage, a forward measuring stage, a reverse measuring stage and a calculating and generating inclinometer curve stage, wherein the forward measuring stage and the reverse measuring stage are two times of measurement at an angle of 180 degrees, the forward measuring stage and the reverse measuring stage respectively comprise the continuous measurement of a plurality of single-section measuring distances L and a plurality of corresponding actual deformation amounts A of an inclinometer pipe, and the calculating and generating inclinometer curve stage adopts a calibration deformation amount = (the actual deformation amount of the inclinometer pipe is measured positively-the actual deformation amount of the inclinometer pipe is measured reversely) ÷ 2 so as to eliminate errors.
As a further improvement, the initial pairing phase includes: the method comprises the following steps: linking the measuring bar with the cable; step two: connecting the other end of the cable to the upper computer; step three: the upper computer is electrified, and a measuring mode is selected; step four: the measuring rod is vertically lifted, the direction of a high guide wheel of the measuring rod is perpendicular to the direction of the foundation pit, and the inclination magnetometer is controlled to return to zero by the upper computer; the forward measurement phase comprises: step five: placing the high guide wheel of the measuring rod into the inclinometer pipe towards the foundation pit, controlling the measuring rod to be lowered to the bottom of the inclinometer pipe, and standing for at least 10 minutes; step six: the cable is pulled, the single-section measuring distance L is controlled by taking the mark of the scale on the cable as a reference, when the first mark of the scale is marked at the position of the pipe orifice of the inclinometer pipe, the upper computer controls to start measuring, the upper computer calculates and records the corresponding actual deformation A of the inclinometer pipe in real time, the measurement is pulled up once every other mark until the measuring rod is pulled up to the pipe orifice, and the forward measurement is finished; the reverse measurement phase comprises: step seven: taking out the measuring rod, rotating by 180 degrees, placing the measuring rod into the inclinometer tube, controlling the measuring rod to be placed down to the bottom of the inclinometer tube, and standing for at least 10 minutes; step eight: the cable is pulled, the single-section measuring distance L is controlled by taking the mark of the scale on the cable as a reference, when the first mark of the scale is positioned at the pipe orifice of the inclinometer pipe, the upper computer controls to start measurement, the upper computer calculates and records the corresponding actual deformation A of the inclinometer pipe in real time, the upper computer pulls every other mark once until the measuring rod is pulled up to the pipe orifice, and the reverse measurement is finished; the step of calculating and generating the inclinometer curve comprises the following steps: step nine: and the upper computer obtains the corresponding calibration deformation according to the data recorded in the forward measurement stage and the reverse measurement stage, and calculates and generates an inclinometry curve according to the calibration deformation.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the measuring method comprises:
the method comprises the following steps: the inclinometer needs to be reliably fastened when being connected with the cable terminal.
Step two: the other end of the cable is required to be fastened and reliable when being connected with an upper computer.
Step three: the upper computer can select a measuring mode, a one-way measuring mode and a positive and negative measuring mode.
Step four: the high guide wheel of the inclinometer (measuring rod) is in the X-axis direction of the inclinometer, the high guide wheel vertically faces the foundation pit, and the upper computer controls the inclination magnetometer to return to zero.
Step five: the inclinometer is manually controlled to be slowly released, and the inclinometer is kept stand at the bottom of the inclinometer for 10 minutes, so that the internal temperatures of the inclinometer and the inclinometer are the same.
Step six: the mark on the cable wire should be at the same position of the inclinometer orifice each time.
Step seven: when the inclinometer rotates 180 degrees, the inclinometer rotates along the twisting direction of the inclinometer.
Step eight: and repeating the operation of the step six.
Step nine: the positive and negative twice measured data recorded by the upper computer are calculated according to (positive measurement-negative measurement) divided by 2. To eliminate errors and generate a curve.
The measuring method and the inclinometer solve the problem that the conventional movable inclinometer measuring method in the industry cannot completely solve the problem of inclination pipe distortion measurement, and improve the inclination measurement accuracy. The invention provides a measuring process of a movable inclinometer. The method has guiding significance in measurement by using the movable inclinometer.
It is to be understood that the scope of the present invention is not to be limited to the non-limiting embodiments, which are illustrated as examples only. The essential scope of protection claimed in the present application is further defined in the scope provided by the independent claims, as well as in the dependent claims.
Claims (12)
1. The utility model provides a deep horizontal displacement measuring movable inclinometer, its has cable (110) and measuring staff (130), guide slot arrangement in measuring staff (130) along inclinometer (300), the inclinometer is buried in the edge all around of foundation ditch (400) underground, cable (110) drive measuring staff (130) are in make in the inclinometer and transfer and pull up the linear motion and form single-stage measurement distance L, its characterized in that:
and taking the position of the inclinometer pipe as a reference, and the foundation pit coordinate system of the foundation pit (400) is as follows: an X axis perpendicular to the foundation pit, a Y axis parallel to the foundation pit, and a Z axis perpendicular to the X axis and the Y axis;
the movable inclinometer further comprises an upper computer (210), wherein the measuring rod (130) is internally provided with: the inclination magnetometer (150) and the inclinometer (160) are respectively used for collecting angle data and are in data communication and interactive connection with the upper computer (210);
within the single-stage measurement distance L, the inclination magnetometer (150) correspondingly measures a Z-axis rotation angle theta of the measuring rod (130) relative to the Z axis, the inclinometer (160) measures an X-axis inclination angle alpha and a Y-axis inclination angle beta of the measuring rod (130) relative to the X axis and the Y axis respectively, the upper computer (210) receives and calculates a corresponding actual deformation quantity A of the inclinometer according to the single-stage measurement distance L, the X-axis inclination angle alpha, the Y-axis inclination angle beta and the Z-axis rotation angle theta, and the calculation formula of the actual deformation quantity A of the inclinometer is as follows: a = lssin α | cos θ | + lssin β | sin θ |.
2. The mobile inclinometer of claim 1, characterized in that: and the actual deformation A of the inclinometer pipe is the displacement on the X axis vertical to the foundation pit direction when the inclinometer pipe deforms towards any direction.
3. The mobile inclinometer for measuring the horizontal displacement of deep layers as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the calculation formula is suitable for the forward measurement and reverse measurement of the actual deformation of the inclinometer pipe at an angle of 180 degrees relative to the movable inclinometer.
4. The mobile inclinometer for measuring the horizontal displacement of deep layers as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the upper computer is according to: (the actual deformation of the inclinometer pipe is measured positively-the actual deformation of the inclinometer pipe is measured negatively) ÷ 2 so as to eliminate errors and obtain a calibrated deformation.
5. The mobile inclinometer of claim 4, wherein: the movable inclinometer continuously measures a plurality of single-section measuring distances L along the inclinometer pipe, and the upper computer calculates and obtains a plurality of corresponding calibration deformation quantities and calculates and generates an inclinometer curve.
6. The mobile inclinometer for measuring the horizontal displacement of deep layers as claimed in claim 5, wherein: an acquisition controller (140) is further installed inside the measuring rod (130), and the upper computer (210) is connected with the acquisition controller (140) in a data communication mode to acquire angle data of the inclination magnetometer (150) and the inclinometer (160).
7. The mobile inclinometer for measuring the horizontal displacement of deep layers as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the upper computer (210) is connected with the acquisition controller (140) through wireless communication or RS232 communication lines.
8. The mobile inclinometer of claim 7, characterized in that: the top of measuring staff (130) has cable terminal (120), cable (110) with cable terminal (120) cooperate to be connected, cable terminal (120) with measuring staff (130) top screw thread locking connects, rubber pad (170) are installed to the bottom of measuring staff (130), include in the cable: the cable comprises a power line (180) and a communication line (190), wherein the cable is provided with a scale, and every other segment of the scale is provided with a mark.
9. The mobile inclinometer of claim 8, wherein: the inclinometer magnetometer is a three-axis or single-axis magnetometer for measuring the Z axis rotation angle theta, and the inclinometer (160) adopts one of the following schemes:
two single-axis inclinometers are vertically arranged with each other to realize that one of the two single-axis inclinometers measures the X-axis inclination angle alpha and the other one measures the Y-axis inclination angle beta; or
A dual-axis inclinometer measuring said X axis inclination angle α and said Y axis inclination angle β; or
A three-axis inclinometer measures only the X-axis inclination angle α and the Y-axis inclination angle β.
10. A method for measuring the horizontal displacement of a deep layer is characterized in that:
the measuring method adopts a movable inclinometer for measuring the horizontal displacement of the deep layer according to claim 1;
the upper computer (210) collects the single-section measuring distance L formed by the movable inclinometer relative to the inclinometer pipe (300);
the upper computer (210) collects the X-axis inclination angle alpha, the Y-axis inclination angle beta and the Z-axis rotation angle theta measured by the movable inclinometer corresponding to the single-section measuring distance L;
the upper computer (210) calculates the actual deformation A of the inclinometer pipe corresponding to the single-section measuring distance L, and the calculation formula of the actual deformation A of the inclinometer pipe is as follows: a = lssin α | cos θ | + lssin β | sin θ |.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the measuring further comprises: the measurement method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of initializing a pairing stage, a forward measuring stage, a reverse measuring stage and a calculating and generating inclinometer curve stage, wherein the forward measuring stage and the reverse measuring stage are two times of measurement at an angle of 180 degrees, the forward measuring stage and the reverse measuring stage respectively comprise the continuous measurement of a plurality of single-section measuring distances L and a plurality of corresponding actual deformation amounts A of an inclinometer pipe, and the calculating and generating inclinometer curve stage adopts a calibrated deformation amount = (the actual deformation amount of the inclinometer pipe is measured positively-the actual deformation amount of the inclinometer pipe is measured reversely) ÷ 2 so as to eliminate errors.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
the initial pairing phase comprises:
the method comprises the following steps: linking the measuring stick with the cable;
step two: connecting the other end of the cable to the upper computer;
step three: the upper computer is electrified, and a measuring mode is selected;
step four: the measuring rod is vertically taken up, the direction of a high guide wheel of the measuring rod is perpendicular to the direction of the foundation pit, and the inclination magnetometer is controlled to return to zero through the upper computer;
the forward measurement phase comprises:
step five: placing the high guide wheel of the measuring rod into the inclination measuring pipe towards the foundation pit, controlling the measuring rod to be lowered to the bottom of the inclination measuring pipe, and standing for at least 10 minutes;
step six: the cable is pulled, the single-section measuring distance L is controlled by taking the mark of the scale on the cable as a reference, when the first mark of the scale is marked at the position of the pipe orifice of the inclinometer pipe, the upper computer controls to start measuring, the upper computer calculates and records the corresponding actual deformation A of the inclinometer pipe in real time, the measurement is pulled up once every other mark until the measuring rod is pulled up to the pipe orifice, and the forward measurement is finished;
the reverse measurement phase comprises:
step seven: taking out the measuring rod, rotating by 180 degrees, putting the measuring rod into the inclinometer pipe, controlling the measuring rod to be put down to the bottom of the inclinometer pipe, and standing for at least 10 minutes;
step eight: the cable is pulled, the single-section measuring distance L is controlled by taking the mark of the scale on the cable as a reference, when the first mark of the scale is positioned at the pipe orifice of the inclinometer pipe, the upper computer controls to start measurement, the upper computer calculates and records the corresponding actual deformation A of the inclinometer pipe in real time, the upper computer pulls every other mark once until the measuring rod is pulled up to the pipe orifice, and the reverse measurement is finished;
the step of calculating and generating the inclinometer curve comprises the following steps:
step nine: and the upper computer obtains the corresponding calibration deformation according to the data recorded in the forward measurement stage and the reverse measurement stage, and calculates and generates an inclinometry curve according to the calibration deformation.
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