CN113652643A - 一种粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000960 colored gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010939 rose gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001112 rose gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法。其特征在于，包括如下步骤：1)将含有金和铝的粉末混合均匀，装入压制模具中压制成型，取出压坯后运用粉末冶金的方法进行不完全烧结，取出后冷却以获得合金靶材；2)运用物理气相沉积技术将步骤1中获得的合金靶材镀到待镀物体表面，在待镀物表面形成以非晶态为主的镀膜，对镀膜进行热处理，获得以金、铝两种元素按原子比例1：2形成的AuAl2金属间化合物为主体的紫色镀膜。本发明属于镀膜合金靶材镀膜技术领域，具体是一种利用物理气相沉积技术和粉末冶金法进行紫金镀膜的粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于镀膜合金靶材镀膜技术领域，具体是指一种粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法。
背景技术
金属间化合物是由两种或两种以上金属组成的化合物，其中不同金属的原子数处于或接近简单比率，在大多数情况下，金属间化合物在固定的温度和成分下凝固，因此存在的范围很窄。金属间化合物的晶体结构通常不同于由其组成的单个金属的晶体结构。金属间化合物的基本性能是高脆性，伴随着低韧性、高硬度、良好的耐磨性和良好的耐蚀性。
现有的镀膜技术使用的靶材主要是通过铸造技术完成的，靶材使用铸造技术生产效率较高，镀膜流程相对比较简单，但是却无法广泛用于有色金属间化合物的镀膜领域，由于金属间化合物本身所具有的脆性限制，使得通过铸造技术制作靶材到最后形成镀膜的颜色和种类非常有限，更多具有鲜艳色彩显现的金属间化合物无法被用于镀膜，且无法规模化生产。
贵金属金属间化合物广泛应用于各种领域。虽然它们本质上是脆性的，这可能会限制它们的使用，但可以通过使用粉末状的化合物、涂层和用双金属铸件镶嵌的材料来克服这一限制，可以通过添加微量合金化(<2wt％)可改善有色金金属间化合物的固有脆性，如添加铝、钯、铜或银等。
AuAl2是众所周知的有色金属间化合物，由其组成的涂层经350℃热处理后在人的视觉中显现出来的是清晰的紫色。现有技术运用铸造技术制作用于镀膜的靶材，但是却无法制作AuAl2有色金属间化合物的靶材。如何将AuAl2这种有色金属间化合物成功运用于镀膜领域，并规模化生产，是目前紫金镀膜工艺的一大难题。
发明内容
为解决上述现有难题，本发明提供了一种利用物理气相沉积技术和粉末冶金法进行紫金镀膜的粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将含有金和铝的粉末混合均匀，装入压制模具中压制成型，取出压坯后运用粉末冶金的方法进行不完全烧结，取出后冷却以获得合金靶材；
2)运用物理气相沉积技术将步骤1中获得的合金靶材镀到待镀物体表面，在待镀物表面形成以非晶态为主的镀膜，对镀膜进行热处理，获得以金、铝两种元素按原子比例1：2形成的AuAl2金属间化合物为主体的紫色镀膜。
本镀膜方法使用的靶材是运用粉末冶金法制作的用于镀膜的镀料。粉末冶金法有完全烧结和不完全烧结，通常用的都是完全烧结，本发明选用的是不完全烧结，达到了克服金属间化合物脆性的效果。
物理气相沉积技术早在20世纪初已有应用，在最近30年迅猛发展，已有广泛的应用，技术已经公知公用。物理气相沉积技术基本原理可分三个工艺步骤：
1)镀料的气化：即使镀料蒸发，异化或被溅射，也就是通过镀料的气化形成气化源；
2)镀料原子、分子或离子的迁移：由气化源供出原子、分子或离子经过碰撞后，产生多种反应；
3)镀料原子、分子或离子迁移后在基体上沉积。
进一步地，所述步骤1中不完结烧结的烧结温度为300℃到400℃。
进一步地，所述步骤1中不完全烧结的烧结保温时间为30分钟到120分钟。
不完结烧结的要点是控制烧结温度和时间，保证金属粉末只发生表层的原子相互扩散，而不是完全熔合在一起。由于只在粉末表层发生有限的相互扩散，靶材主体保留了合金金属固有的特性，可以进行切削加工，并且如果是混入少量其它元素的靶材或者靶材混料配比有所调整均不影响由金、铝两种元素按原子比例1：2形成的AuAl2金属间化合物主体紫色镀膜的形成。
进一步地，所述步骤2中热处理温度为300℃到400℃。
进一步地，所述步骤2中热处理保温时间大于10分钟，至膜层冷却到常温时显现清晰的紫色。
进一步地，所述步骤1中混合粉末成分中金的质量分数为76％到83％，铝的质量分数为17％到24％，其它元素的质量分数小于5％。
进一步地，其特征在于，所述步骤1中压坯的相对密度大于90％。
进一步地，所述步骤2中待镀物为金属制品。
运用物理气相沉积技术后，所得到的镀膜以非晶态为主，用热处理的方法，提高了温度，加强了原子运动，形成AuAl2金属间化合物为主体的膜层，即可表现出清晰的紫色镀膜。
采用上述方案本发明取得有益效果如下：
1、本发明采用的镀膜方法突破了现有镀膜技术没选择尝试用粉末冶金法制作靶材的局面，并取得了突破性的进展，打破了粉末冶金制作靶材镀膜不如铸造制作靶材效率的思维定式；
2、本专利运用粉末冶金法可以制造AuAl2的靶材，通过粉末冶金法不完全烧结制造的靶材就可以有效降低AuAl2这种有色金属间化合物本身所具有的脆性，制作的靶材可以正常用于镀膜，且镀膜颜色为清晰的紫色，解决了现有技术运用铸造技术制作用于镀膜的靶材，但是却无法制作AuAl2有色金属间化合物的靶材的问题；
3、通过本专利使用粉末冶金法制造的靶材可以直接成型为需要使用的规格尺寸，便可以进行镀膜，结合物理气相沉积技术进行镀膜操作，同时可以保证镀膜过程顺利，且生产效率高，出错率低，大大推进了紫色镀膜的技术进步，且运用到规模化生产中去，有效解决了现有镀膜技术利用铸造技术制作的靶材进行镀膜，但是用铸造技术制作的靶材，不能一次成型为需要使用的规格尺寸的问题。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
1)取400目左右的金粉和铝粉，按原子比例1：2，总量90克；放入玛瑙球磨罐中，用球磨混料15分钟，取出混合均匀的金属粉，装入压制模具中，用300吨的液压机压制成型；
2)取出压坯，在360度的温度下烧结保温1小时，取出后空气中冷却，即可获得靶材；
3)用镀膜机镀膜，可用钢片做试片，试片表明光洁，满足镀膜的一般要求，镀膜流程如通常镀玫瑰金镀膜即可，镀膜时间1.2倍，取出试片，
4)在360度的温度下保温30分钟，取出后空气中冷却，即可得到清晰的紫色镀膜。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1)将含有金和铝的粉末混合均匀，装入压制模具中压制成型，取出压坯后运用粉末冶金的方法进行不完全烧结，取出后冷却以获得合金靶材；
2)运用物理气相沉积技术将步骤1中获得的合金靶材镀到待镀物体表面，在待镀物表面形成以非晶态为主的镀膜，对镀膜进行热处理，获得以金、铝两种元素按原子比例1：2形成的AuAl2金属间化合物为主体的紫色镀膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中不完结烧结的烧结温度为300℃到400℃。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中不完全烧结的烧结保温时间为30分钟到120分钟。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中热处理温度为300℃到400℃。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中热处理保温时间大于10分钟，至膜层冷却到常温时显现清晰的紫色。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中混合粉末成分中金的质量分数为76％到83％，铝的质量分数为17％到24％，其它元素的质量分数小于5％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中压坯的相对密度大于90％。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末冶金靶材紫金镀膜方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中待镀物为金属制品。
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