CN113651427A

CN113651427A - Water body ecological restoration method

Info

Publication number: CN113651427A
Application number: CN202110921231.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韦伟
Original assignee: Shanghai Wenzn Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Wenzn Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-11
Filing date: 2021-08-11
Publication date: 2021-11-16

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment restoration, and discloses a water body ecological restoration method; the invention aims to provide a water body ecological restoration method, which is characterized in that a water bottom forest system is constructed in a river flowing water area and a still water area by using three living types of submerged, floating and emergent aquatic plants in a planting mode of an in-situ covering method and a throwing method, fish and shellfish are thrown in an auxiliary mode, a complete ecological system is formed after a water body is restored, the water bottom ecological system has the advantage of good operation, different microorganisms are solved, different kinds of actinomycetes can exist even if the actinomycetes exist, the microbial destruction can be caused by the addition of external strains, and the problems that the bacteria which have the effect of deteriorating the environment, such as mixed bacteria, toxic bacteria and the like of the original indigenous microorganisms are increased in quantity, the original environment is worse, and the harm to the water body is increased are solved.

Description

Water body ecological restoration method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment restoration, in particular to a water body ecological restoration method.

Background

In recent years, the environment protection problem is more and more emphasized by the nation, on one hand, the environment protection consciousness of people is enhanced, on the other hand, the environment treatment technology is vigorously developed, so that a great number of environment protection treatment means are leaped in response to the national call, and various physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods are leap out, wherein the physical methods have large engineering quantity, poor effect and complex operation; the chemical method is mainly characterized by precipitation and flocculation, which causes difficulty in cleaning bottom mud and is easy to carry other chemical elements into the sediment, thereby causing the problems of temporary solution and permanent solution. The biological method is a process of degrading, converting and absorbing pollutants in the natural environment by adopting microorganisms. Pollutants in the water body are decomposed and absorbed by microorganisms to be used as self growth, reproduction and utilization, and pollutants with macromolecules are decomposed into micromolecular matrixes to be transferred to an ecological chain absorber on the upper layer, so that the common development cycle of the whole water ecological circle is promoted; about 50% of urban rivers in China are polluted to different degrees, and due to the influence of human activities, more and more pollutants enter the water body environment, so that when the pollutants are accumulated in the water body to a certain limit, serious harm is caused to the water body-aquatic plant-aquatic animal system, and the self health of human beings can be directly or indirectly influenced through a food chain.

The restoration of polluted water is a difficult project, and is commonly seen in rivers and rivers in urban areas due to the discharge of various domestic sewage, and in addition, the rivers lack of self-purification capacity, the problems of black and odorous river water, sludge accumulation at the bottom of the river, floating of blue-green algae on the river surface, serious water eutrophication and the like are commonly seen. Physical and chemical remediation not only has huge investment but also addresses the symptoms and causes but also is not the basis, but the remediation of the polluted water body by using the aquatic plants not only has small investment and high efficiency, but also can restore the self-cleaning capacity of rivers, thereby bringing higher environmental and ecological benefits, the water body pollution generation mechanism and the remediation research are one of the fields concerned by people, from the technical principle, the technologies can be divided into a physical method, a chemical method, a biological method, an ecological method and the like, the aquatic plant remediation is a general technology in the biological method and the ecological method, and the microbial agent technology in the market at present is mainly divided into an inoculated microbial technology and an indigenous microbial technology. The microbial inoculation technology is characterized in that bacteria screened from one environment are added into another water environment, although the effect is quick, foreign strains are brought to destroy the original micro-ecological balance, and certain safety exists. Since different microorganisms may be present in different bodies of water, the addition of foreign species may result in microbial destruction even though different species of actinomycetes may be present. The indigenous microorganism technology is used for enhancing treatment by expanding the number of all strains in the original water body and increasing the overall microorganism base number, but the bacteria such as mixed bacteria, toxic bacteria and the like of the original indigenous microorganisms which have a degrading effect on the environment are increased simultaneously, so that the original environment is worse, the harm of the water body is increased, and therefore, the water body ecological restoration method is provided to solve the problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a water body ecological restoration method, which is characterized in that a water bottom forest system is constructed in a river flowing water area and a still water area by using various submerged, floating and emergent aquatic plants in a planting mode of an in-situ covering method and a throwing method, fish and shellfish are thrown in an auxiliary mode, a complete ecological system is formed after a water body is restored, the advantages of river ornamental performance are achieved, the water bottom ecological system keeps good operation, different microorganisms are solved, different kinds of actinomycetes can exist even if the actinomycetes exist, and the microbial destruction can be caused by the addition of external strains. The indigenous microorganism technology is to enhance treatment by expanding the number of all strains in the original water body and increasing the overall microorganism base number, but also has the problems that the bacteria which have the effect of environmental deterioration, such as mixed bacteria, toxic bacteria and the like of the original indigenous microorganisms are increased in number at the same time, the original environment is worse, and the harm of the water body is increased.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a water body ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:

step 1: when the water body is in ecological imbalance, firstly, controlling exogenous pollutants, and intercepting sewage by building a water storage dam in a river channel;

step 2: collecting and cleaning the floating objects on the water surface to ensure that the light transmission depth of the water bottom reaches 1-1.5m, and arranging a 10x10cm mesh cotton net with the depth of 0.8-1.2m at the water flow inlet;

and step 3: controlling endogenous pollutants, and formulating a dredging treatment scheme by combining the actual situation of the field sludge environment, developing environmental dredging engineering, and treating and recycling sludge; planting submerged plants: punching non-woven fabric into square small holes with the aperture of 4-6cm, inserting 7 submerged plants including Goldfish algae, Foliumgluria, potamogeton gracile, Black algae, Potamogeton crispus L, herba Swertiae Dilutae and herba plantaginis into the small holes of the non-woven fabric according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1 to obtain a submerged plant blanket, and fixing the submerged plant blanket in a region with the water depth of less than 1m with stone blocks;

and 4, step 4: reconstructing water ecology, constructing a beneficial microorganism system of the water body, and regulating and controlling the water quality; an underwater submerged plant system is constructed, and the self-purification capacity of a water body is improved; constructing an emergent water floating leaf vegetation system and optimizing the water surface landscape; constructing an aquatic animal system, and perfecting an ecological system; planting emergent aquatic plants: planting 6 emergent aquatic plants of loosestrife, cattail, reed, calamus, canna and sedge in a seedling tray for 3-5 days respectively, then separating the emergent aquatic plants from the seedling tray, putting the emergent aquatic plants into a submerged plant blanket paved with soil, wherein the water depth is 1-1.5m, the planting density is 20-30cm per plant, and the coverage rate of the 6 emergent aquatic plants is as follows: 10-20% of loosestrife, 15-35% of cattail, 18-30% of reed, 12-28% of calamus, 5-10% of canna and 10-25% of sedge;

and 5: after submerged plants, emergent plants and floating plants are planted for 15-20 days, reseeding is carried out, bighead carp, silver carp, snakehead and catfish are thrown into a water body 30-45 days after reseeding, the fry is 4-6cm long small fish, the throwing density is 300 plus materials/mu, then apple snails, rock shells, red tail shrimps and macrobrachium nipponensis are thrown, and the throwing density is 100 plus materials/mu and 120 plus materials/mu;

step 6: planting one or more of XINGCAI, rhizoma Seu herba Spirodelae, pedicellus et pericarpium Trapae, herba Coriandri and herba Aristolochiae Calophylli on submerged plant at density of 3-5 plants/m²；

And 7: planning the water landscape.

Preferably, in step 1, exogenous pollutant control includes that sewage cuts dirty and treatment project, has a large amount of domestic sewage not effectively to handle direct discharge in the aquatic body, causes a large amount of pollutants pollution target water in order to realize long-term effectual waters quality of water control target, cuts dirty to peripheral directly-discharging sewage, builds the retaining dam in the river course, designs and builds rubber dam and fishing net fence, can effectively impound, guarantee that the river course does not cut off in the four seasons, satisfies the river course and moves flood the function for plant aquatic cash crop and breed fishes and shrimps, with sewage resourceization.

Preferably, in step 3, the mechanical dredging is performed to remove most of black and odorous bottom sediment, the residual black and odorous bottom sediment is controlled in a biological dredging mode, the biological dredging is performed by scattering immobilized beneficial microbial agents, so that a beneficial microbial system on the surface layer of the bottom sediment is recovered, and pollutants such as organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the bottom sediment are consumed through metabolism, division and proliferation of the microorganisms, so that the release of the pollutants in the black and odorous bottom sediment can be effectively controlled. According to the actual situation of the field sludge environment, a dredging treatment scheme is formulated, an environmental dredging project is developed, and sludge is treated and reused; the bottom improvement engineering design needs to improve the bottom of a river before the construction of the water ecosystem so as to meet the requirements of submerged planting and promote the formation of a healthy and stable water ecosystem as soon as possible.

Preferably, the number of holes in the transverse direction of the nonwoven fabric is a multiple of 7; the distance between the holes of the non-woven fabric is 10-12 cm; the 7 submerged plants are inserted into the pores of the transverse non-woven fabric in sequence before goldfish algae, watermifoil, potamogeton gracile, hydrilla verticillata, curly pondweed, sowthistle and waterwheel.

Preferably, in step 4, the method for preparing the seedling raising tray comprises the following steps: taking a seedling raising pot with the specification of 10x10x15cm, coating clay on the bottom and the periphery of a hole of the seedling raising plate, wherein the thickness of the clay is 0.8-1.2cm, filling sandy soil consisting of 80-90% and 10-20% of clay when the clay is dried to 75-85%, and the coverage rate of emergent aquatic plants is as follows: 14% of loosestrife, 22% of cattail, 26% of reed, 24% of calamus, 8% of canna and 18% of sedge, wherein the coverage rates of 6 kinds of plants are respectively: 10-20% of loosestrife, 15-35% of cattail, 18-30% of reed, 12-28% of calamus, 5-10% of canna and 10-25% of sedge; is prepared from one or more of herba Spirodelae, rhizoma et radix Linderae, pedicellus et pericarpium Trapae, herba Coriandri and semen Papaveris.

Preferably, in the step 5, the bighead carp, the silver carp, the snakehead and the catfish are thrown in a quantity ratio of 4-6:2-4:1-2:1-2, the throwing density is 500 plus one mu, the apple snail, the rock shell, the red tail shrimp and the Macrobrachium nipponense are thrown in a quantity ratio of 1-2:1-3:1-2:4-6, the throwing density is 120 plus one mu, compared with a water body before treatment, the water body forest system formed by the water body forest system can improve the transparency of the water body, improve the transparency of the water body by more than 2cm, reduce the total nitrogen content by more than 70 percent on average, reduce the total phosphorus content by more than 78 percent on average, reduce the ammonia nitrogen content by more than 80 percent on average, reduce the permanganate index by more than 80 percent on average, improve the dissolved oxygen capacity by more than 65 percent, and ensure that the water quality reaches the national surface water II-III standard on the whole, the ecological restoration effect is obvious.

Preferably, in step 5, the pull-type automatic summarization algorithm is defined as a process of selecting sentences according to importance scores and generating summaries thereof in a single document or multiple documents, and the motivation behind the adopted framework is to apply a CNN model to learn feature vectors of each sentence and assign an importance score to the feature vectors, train a convolutional neural network model, calculate a score of each sentence in an article, and calculate a sentence score by using a widely accepted automatic summary evaluation index (ROUGE).

Preferably, the submerged plant blanket can sensitively react to different concentrations of nutrient salts, flowing or static water body pollution; the 7 submerged plants of the golden fish algae, the watermifoil algae, the potamogeton gracilis, the black algae, the curly pondweed, the eel grass and the herba plantaginis are matched according to a certain sequence to solve the eutrophication of the water body; aristichthys nobilis and Hypophthal Michthys, fishes such as snakehead and catfish mainly with carnivorous property do not damage underwater plants, in addition, a small amount of algae-eating mollusks such as apple snails and rock shells and algae-eating species such as red tail shrimps and Macrobrachium nandinii are thrown in the bait, the snails eat aquatic plants after the algae and floaters are eaten, and a small amount of the snails can provide food for the fishes, and aquatic animals with reasonable density can control the plants not to abundantly grow, and the ordered growth of the river reach animals and plants forms a complete ecological system.

Preferably, in the step 6, the floating leaf plants can significantly reduce the levels of Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and permanganate index (CODMn) in the overlying water body, and increase the level of Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The planting mode of the floating-leaf plants provided by the invention is as follows: selecting and planting Xinjiang (Gymphasium (Gmel)) and Pinna minor (Nupharumulus) in bridge floor or water area turning area; the ecological restoration effect is strong.

Preferably, in the deep water area and the area with excessive silt, planting water chestnut (Trapabi spinosa Oxb.) is selected; planting coriander (Centipedanima (L.) A.Br. et Aschers.) in a region with more stone bank; papaver somniferum (Hydrocleysnymophorides) can be planted on the section with more pedestrians; has better landscape effect.

Preferably, in the step 7, the symbiotic system of the aquatic plants and the aquatic animals can play a synergistic role, improve the water quality effect, create a good water environment for the survival and inhabitation of other animal and plant communities, form a natural food chain, and be convenient to manage and maintain.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention constructs a water bottom forest system in a river flowing water area and a still water area by using various aquatic plants with three living types of submerged, floating and emergent water and adopting planting modes of an in-situ covering method and a throwing method, assists in throwing in fish and shellfish, and forms a complete ecological system after restoring water and has river ornamental property, so that the underwater ecological system has the advantage of keeping benign operation, different microorganisms are solved, different kinds of actinomycetes can exist even if the actinomycetes exist, and the addition of external strains can cause micro-ecological damage. The indigenous microorganism technology is to enhance treatment by expanding the number of all strains in the original water body and increasing the overall microorganism base number, but also has the problems that the bacteria which have the effect of environmental deterioration, such as mixed bacteria, toxic bacteria and the like of the original indigenous microorganisms are increased in number at the same time, the original environment is worse, and the harm of the water body is increased.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the structure of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a water body ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:

and 4, step 4: reconstructing water ecology, constructing a beneficial microorganism system of the water body, and regulating and controlling the water quality; an underwater submerged plant system is constructed, and the self-purification capacity of a water body is improved; constructing an emergent water floating leaf vegetation system and optimizing the water surface landscape; constructing an aquatic animal system, and perfecting an ecological system; planting emergent aquatic plants: planting 6 emergent aquatic plants of loosestrife, cattail, reed, calamus, canna and sedge in a seedling tray for 3-5 days respectively, then separating the emergent aquatic plants from the seedling tray, putting the emergent aquatic plants into a submerged plant blanket, wherein the depth of water is 1-1.5m, the planting density is 20-30 cm/plant, and the coverage rate of the 6 emergent aquatic plants is as follows: 10-20% of loosestrife, 15-35% of cattail, 18-30% of reed, 12-28% of calamus, 5-10% of canna and 10-25% of sedge;

And 7: planning the water landscape.

The first embodiment is as follows:

when the water body is in ecological imbalance, firstly, controlling exogenous pollutants, and intercepting sewage by building a water storage dam in a river channel; collecting and cleaning the floating objects on the water surface to ensure that the light transmission depth of the water bottom reaches 1-1.5m, and arranging a 10x10cm mesh cotton net with the depth of 0.8-1.2m at the water flow inlet; controlling endogenous pollutants, and formulating a dredging treatment scheme by combining the actual situation of the field sludge environment, developing environmental dredging engineering, and treating and recycling sludge; planting submerged plants: punching non-woven fabric into square small holes with the aperture of 4-6cm, inserting 7 submerged plants including Goldfish algae, Foliumgluria, potamogeton gracile, Black algae, Potamogeton crispus L, herba Swertiae Dilutae and herba plantaginis into the small holes of the non-woven fabric according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1 to obtain a submerged plant blanket, and fixing the submerged plant blanket in a region with the water depth of less than 1m with stone blocks; reconstructing water ecology, constructing a beneficial microorganism system of the water body, and regulating and controlling the water quality; an underwater submerged plant system is constructed, and the self-purification capacity of a water body is improved; constructing an emergent water floating leaf vegetation system and optimizing the water surface landscape; constructing an aquatic animal system, and perfecting an ecological system; planting emergent aquatic plants: planting 6 emergent aquatic plants of loosestrife, cattail, reed, calamus, canna and sedge in a seedling tray for 3-5 days respectively, then separating the emergent aquatic plants from the seedling tray, putting the emergent aquatic plants into a submerged plant blanket, wherein the depth of water is 1-1.5m, the planting density is 20-30 cm/plant, and the coverage rate of the 6 emergent aquatic plants is as follows: 10-20% of loosestrife, 15-35% of cattail, 18-30% of reed, 12-28% of calamus, 5-10% of canna and 10-25% of sedge; after submerged plants, emergent plants and floating plants are planted for 15-20 days, reseeding is carried out, bighead carp, silver carp, snakehead and catfish are thrown into a water body 30-45 days after reseeding, the fry is 4-6cm long small fish, the throwing density is 300 plus materials/mu, then apple snails, rock shells, red tail shrimps and macrobrachium nipponensis are thrown, and the throwing density is 100 plus materials/mu and 120 plus materials/mu; planting one or more of XINGCAI, rhizoma Seu herba Spirodelae, pedicellus et pericarpium Trapae, herba Coriandri and herba Aristolochiae Calophylli on submerged plant at density of 3-5 plants/m 2; planning the water landscape.

Example two:

in the first embodiment, the following steps are added:

in step 1, exogenous pollutant control includes sewage interception and treatment engineering, a large amount of domestic sewage is directly discharged into the water body without effective treatment, a large amount of pollutant pollution target water bodies are caused to realize long-term effective water quality control targets in water areas, peripheral directly-discharged sewage is intercepted, a water storage dam is built in a river channel, a rubber dam and a fishing net fence are designed and built, water can be effectively stored, the river channel can be guaranteed not to be cut off at all seasons, the flood discharge function of the river channel is met, the method is used for planting aquatic cash crops and breeding fishes and shrimps, and the sewage is recycled.

Example three:

in the second embodiment, the following steps are added:

in the step 3, mechanical dredging is carried out to eliminate most black and odorous bottom mud, the residual black and odorous bottom mud is controlled in a biological dredging mode, biological dredging is carried out by throwing immobilized beneficial microbial agents, so that a beneficial microbial system on the surface layer of the bottom mud is recovered, and pollutants such as organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like of the bottom mud are consumed through metabolism, division and proliferation of the microorganisms, so that the release of the pollutants in the black and odorous bottom mud can be effectively controlled. According to the actual situation of the field sludge environment, a dredging treatment scheme is formulated, an environmental dredging project is developed, and sludge is treated and reused; in the sediment improvement engineering design, before the construction of the water ecosystem, the sediment improvement is required to be carried out on the river bottom so as to meet the requirement of submerged planting and promote the formation of a healthy and stable water ecosystem as soon as possible; the number of holes in the transverse direction of the nonwoven fabric is a multiple of 7; the distance between the holes of the non-woven fabric is 10-12 cm; the 7 submerged plants are inserted into the pores of the transverse non-woven fabric in sequence before goldfish algae, watermifoil, potamogeton gracile, hydrilla verticillata, curly pondweed, bitter herbs and waterwheel.

When the water body is in ecological imbalance, firstly, controlling exogenous pollutants, and intercepting sewage by building a water storage dam in a river channel; collecting and cleaning the floating objects on the water surface to ensure that the light transmission depth of the water bottom reaches 1-1.5m, and arranging a 10x10cm mesh cotton net with the depth of 0.8-1.2m at the water flow inlet; controlling endogenous pollutants, and formulating a dredging treatment scheme by combining the actual situation of the field sludge environment, developing environmental dredging engineering, and treating and recycling sludge; planting submerged plants: punching non-woven fabric into square small holes with the aperture of 4-6cm, inserting 7 submerged plants including Goldfish algae, Foliumgluria, potamogeton gracile, Black algae, Potamogeton crispus L, herba Swertiae Dilutae and herba plantaginis into the small holes of the non-woven fabric according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1 to obtain a submerged plant blanket, and fixing the submerged plant blanket in a region with the water depth of less than 1m with stone blocks; reconstructing water ecology, constructing a beneficial microorganism system of the water body, and regulating and controlling the water quality; an underwater submerged plant system is constructed, and the self-purification capacity of a water body is improved; constructing an emergent water floating leaf vegetation system and optimizing the water surface landscape; constructing an aquatic animal system, and perfecting an ecological system; planting emergent aquatic plants: planting 6 emergent aquatic plants of loosestrife, cattail, reed, calamus, canna and sedge in a seedling tray for 3-5 days respectively, then separating the emergent aquatic plants from the seedling tray, putting the emergent aquatic plants into a submerged plant blanket, wherein the depth of water is 1-1.5m, the planting density is 20-30 cm/plant, and the coverage rate of the 6 emergent aquatic plants is as follows: 10-20% of loosestrife, 15-35% of cattail, 18-30% of reed, 12-28% of calamus, 5-10% of canna and 10-25% of sedge; after submerged plants, emergent plants and floating plants are planted for 15-20 days, reseeding is carried out, bighead carp, silver carp, snakehead and catfish are thrown into a water body 30-45 days after reseeding, the fry is 4-6cm long small fish, the throwing density is 300 plus materials/mu, then apple snails, rock shells, red tail shrimps and macrobrachium nipponensis are thrown, and the throwing density is 100 plus materials/mu and 120 plus materials/mu; one or more of XINGXIN, rhizoma Seu herba Spirodelae, pedicellus et pericarpium Trapae, herba Coriandri and herba Aristolochiae PapaverisPlanting above submerged plant at density of 3-5 plants/m²(ii) a Planning the water landscape.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A water body ecological restoration method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

And 7: planning the water landscape.

2. The ecological restoration method for the water body according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 1, exogenous pollutant control includes that sewage cuts dirty and processing engineering, has a large amount of domestic sewage not effectively to handle direct discharge into the aquatic physically, causes a large amount of pollutants pollution target water in order to realize long-term effectual waters quality of water control target, cuts dirty to peripheral straight sewage, builds the retaining dam in the river course, design and construction rubber dam and fishing net fence, can effectively impound, guarantee the river course does not cut off in the four seasons, satisfy the river course and walk flood function for plant aquatic cash crop and breed fishes and shrimps, with sewage resourceization.

3. The ecological restoration method for the water body according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3, the mechanical dredging is performed to eliminate most of black and odorous bottom mud, the residual black and odorous bottom mud is controlled in a biological dredging mode, the biological dredging is performed by scattering immobilized beneficial microbial agents, so that a beneficial microbial system on the surface layer of the bottom mud is recovered, and pollutants such as organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the bottom mud are consumed through metabolism, division and proliferation of the microorganisms, so that the release of the pollutants in the black and odorous bottom mud can be effectively controlled. According to the actual situation of the field sludge environment, a dredging treatment scheme is formulated, an environmental dredging project is developed, and sludge is treated and reused; the bottom improvement engineering design needs to improve the bottom of a river before the construction of the water ecosystem so as to meet the requirements of submerged planting and promote the formation of a healthy and stable water ecosystem as soon as possible.

4. The ecological restoration method for the water body according to claim 3, characterized in that: the number of holes in the transverse direction of the nonwoven fabric is a multiple of 7; the distance between the holes of the non-woven fabric is 10-12 cm; the 7 submerged plants are inserted into the pores of the transverse non-woven fabric in sequence before goldfish algae, watermifoil, potamogeton gracile, hydrilla verticillata, curly pondweed, sowthistle and waterwheel.

5. The ecological restoration method for the water body according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4, the preparation method of the seedling raising tray comprises the following steps: taking a seedling raising pot with the specification of 10x10x15cm, coating clay on the bottom and the periphery of a hole of the seedling raising plate, wherein the thickness of the clay is 0.8-1.2cm, filling sandy soil consisting of 80-90% and 10-20% of clay when the clay is dried to 75-85%, and the coverage rate of emergent aquatic plants is as follows: 14% of loosestrife, 22% of cattail, 26% of reed, 24% of calamus, 8% of canna and 18% of sedge, wherein the coverage rates of 6 kinds of plants are respectively: 10-20% of loosestrife, 15-35% of cattail, 18-30% of reed, 12-28% of calamus, 5-10% of canna and 10-25% of sedge; is prepared from one or more of herba Spirodelae, rhizoma et radix Linderae, pedicellus et pericarpium Trapae, herba Coriandri and semen Papaveris.

6. The ecological restoration method for the water body according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5, the bighead carp, the silver carp, the snakehead and the catfish are thrown in a quantity ratio of 4-6:2-4:1-2:1-2, the throwing density is 500 pieces/mu, the apple snail, the rock shell, the red tail shrimp and the south marsh shrimp are thrown in a quantity ratio of 1-2:1-3:1-2:4-6, the throwing density is 120 pieces/mu, and compared with the water body before treatment, the water body forest system formed by the method can improve the transparency of the water body, improve the transparency of the water body by more than 2cm, reduce the total nitrogen content by more than 70 percent on average, reduce the total phosphorus content by more than 78 percent on average, reduce the ammonia nitrogen content by more than 80 percent on average, reduce the permanganate index by more than 80 percent on average, improve the dissolved oxygen capacity by more than 65 percent, and achieve the national surface water II-III standard on average, the ecological restoration effect is obvious.

7. The ecological restoration method for the water body according to claim 6, characterized in that: the submerged plant blanket can sensitively react to nutrient salt with different concentrations and flowing or static water body pollution; the 7 submerged plants of the golden fish algae, the watermifoil algae, the potamogeton gracilis, the black algae, the curly pondweed, the eel grass and the herba plantaginis are matched according to a certain sequence to solve the eutrophication of the water body; aristichthys nobilis and Hypophthal Michthys, fishes such as snakehead and catfish mainly with carnivorous property do not damage underwater plants, in addition, a small amount of algae-eating mollusks such as apple snails and rock shells and algae-eating species such as red tail shrimps and Macrobrachium nandinii are thrown in the bait, the snails eat aquatic plants after the algae and floaters are eaten, and a small amount of the snails can provide food for the fishes, and aquatic animals with reasonable density can control the plants not to abundantly grow, and the ordered growth of the river reach animals and plants forms a complete ecological system.

8. The ecological restoration method for the water body according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 6, the floating-leaf plants can obviously reduce the levels of Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and permanganate index (CODMn) in the overlying water body, and improve the level of Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The planting mode of the floating-leaf plants provided by the invention is as follows: selecting and planting Xinjiang (Gymphasium (Gmel)) and Pinna minor (Nupharumulus) in bridge floor or water area turning area; the ecological restoration effect is strong.

9. The ecological restoration method for the water body according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the deep water area and the area with excessive sludge, planting water chestnut (Trapabi spinosa Oxb.) is selected; planting coriander (Centipedanima (L.) A.Br. et Aschers.) in a region with more stone bank; papaver somniferum (Hydrocleysnymophorides) can be planted on the section with more pedestrians; has better landscape effect.

10. The ecological restoration method for the water body according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 7, the aquatic plant and aquatic animal symbiotic system can play a synergistic role, improve the water quality effect, create a good water environment for the survival and inhabitation of other animal and plant communities, form a natural food chain, and be convenient to manage and maintain.