CN113649069A - 一种光催化材料硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球光催化材料及其制备方法,涉及光催化材料技术领域,首先制备模板硅球,将硅球模板与三聚氰胺、均苯四甲酸二酐、升华硫研磨混合,无水乙醇溶解,真空搅拌,60℃超声2h,60℃搅拌10‑12h,将得到的固体研磨后放入管式炉并通入氮气进行烧制,取出研磨,在氟化氢铵溶液中加入研磨好的固体粉末,用去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤三次,在真空状态下干燥10‑12h,得到纳米空心球材料。本发明制备的空心球光催化材料相比传统的SPI,光催化效率得到明显提高。为制备成本低廉,结构可调,结晶性好,高比表面积及稳定高效的有机光催化材料提供了新的有效的方法,对利用可再生的清洁太阳能资源净化环境具有很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光催化材料技术领域,具体是涉及一种硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球光催化材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
社会在不断进步的同时,能源与环境问题日趋严重,严重阻碍了社会的可持续发展,而太阳能作为可持续发展能源的重要代表,其巨大的潜能引起了众多科学家的关注。光催化技术不仅可以将太阳能通过水分解反应转化为清洁的氢能,还可以氧化各种有机污染物,还原有毒的重金属离子以及杀菌除臭,因此也是一种具有应用前景的环境净化技术。
光催化剂的研发是光催化体系的核心内容。王翠翠等人对聚酰亚胺材料(PI)进行硫元素掺杂,得到了光催化活性显著提高的硫掺杂聚酰亚胺材料(SPI),但仍存在一些如比表面积小、光生电子-空穴复合率过高等问题。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术存在的缺点,本发明提出了一种硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球光催化材料。在SPI的基础上提供一种更高效的光催化材料及其制备方法。
本发明提供一种硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球光催化材料制备方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步,制备模板硅球:将氨水为4-5体积份、无水乙醇为57-59体积份、去离子水为8-11体积份混合,30℃搅拌30min,在搅拌状态下加入4.8-5.6体积份的TEOS,静置1h;伴随磁力搅拌逐滴加入由5-5.5体积份TEOS和2-2.5体积份C18TMOS配置而成的混合物,室温静置3h;离心、干燥,将得到的白色固体研磨后放入管式炉烧制,设置程序使炉体温度以7℃/min的加热速率缓慢由25℃上升至325℃,保持此温度4h;待冷却取出,充分研磨,加入20ml盐酸溶液,干燥10-12h,取出研磨后得到硅球模板;
第二步,制备纳米空心球材料:将硅球模板2-2.2质量份、三聚氰胺0.9-1.05质量份、均苯四甲酸酐1.6-1.8质量份、升华硫0.9-0.95质量份进行研磨混合,后用适量无水乙醇进行溶解,在真空条件下搅拌3h,随后在60℃下超声2h,接着在60℃下搅拌10-12h;将得到的固体研磨后放入管式炉并通入N2进行烧制,设置程序使炉体温度以7℃/min的加热速率缓慢由25℃上升至325℃,保持此温度4h,后待冷却取出,充分研磨;在氟化氢铵溶液中加入研磨好的固体粉末,保持12h;用去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤三次,在真空状态下干燥10-12h,得到纳米空心球材料。
所述制备硅球模板所需氨水为4-4.5体积份、无水乙醇为58-59体积份、去离子水为9-10体积份。
所述TEOS和C18TMOS的混合物由5.2-5.6体积份TEOS和2.3-2.5体积份C18TMOS组成。
所述的TEOS为正硅酸乙酯,C18TMOS为十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷。
所述离心转速为6000r/min,时间为15-20min;所述离心后干燥温度为70-80℃。
所述盐酸浓度为1mol/L。
所述制备纳米空心球材料所需硅球模板2-2.1质量份、三聚氰胺0.9-1质量份、均苯四甲酸酐1.7-1.8质量份、升华硫0.9-0.92质量份。
所述氟化氢铵浓度为4mol/L。
一种硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球光催化材料,采用上述的制备方法,主要原料包括:硅球模板2-2.1质量份、三聚氰胺0.9-1质量份、均苯四甲酸酐1.7-1.8质量份、升华硫0.9-0.92质量份。
本发明的有益效果在于:通过模板刻蚀法对SPI进行了形貌调控,得到了中空球形的SPI。利用该方法得到的空心球SPI在具有较大比表面积的情况下仍然具有良好的结晶度,进行光催化降解有机污染物测试发现,通过调节不同比例的正硅酸乙酯与十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷的添加量可以得到光催化效果显著提升的SPI,通过SEM图片我们也可以发现本发明产物已初步具备纳米空心球的形状,这也为以后进一步研究SPI奠定了基础。
相比传统SPI,光催化效率得到明显提高。为制备成本低廉,结构可调,结晶性好,高比表面积及稳定高效的有机光催化材料提供了新的有效的方法,对利用可再生的清洁太阳能资源净化环境具有很好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明纳米空心球材料的X射线衍射图;
图2为本发明纳米空心球材料降解甲基橙溶液的活性曲线图;
图3为本发明纳米空心球材料的SEM图;
图4为本发明模板硅球的SEM图。
具体实施方式
实施例1,将4ml氨水、58.5ml无水乙醇和10ml去离子水混合,30℃搅拌30min,在搅拌状态下加入5.6ml的TEOS,静置1h;伴随磁力搅拌逐滴加入5.4mlTEOS和2.5mlC18TMOS配置的混合物,室温静置3h;离心、干燥,将得到的白色固体研磨后放入管式炉烧制,设置程序使炉体温度以7℃/min的加热速率缓慢由25℃上升至325℃,保持此温度4h;待冷却取出,充分研磨,加入20ml1mol/L的盐酸溶液,干燥10-12h,取出研磨后得到硅球模板。
将2.0025g硅球模板与0.9963g三聚氰胺、1.7120g均苯四甲酸酐、0.9036g升华硫进行研磨混合,后用适量无水乙醇进行溶解,在真空条件下搅拌3h,随后在60℃下超声2h,接着在60℃下搅拌10-12h;将得到的固体研磨后放入管式炉并通入N2进行烧制,设置程序使炉体温度以7℃/min的加热速率缓慢由25℃上升至325℃,保持此温度4h,后待冷却取出,充分研磨;在4mol/L的氟化氢铵溶液中加入研磨好的固体粉末,保持12h;用去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤三次,在真空状态下干燥10-12h,得到纳米空心球材料。
实施例2,将4ml氨水、58.5ml无水乙醇和10ml去离子水混合,30℃搅拌30min,在搅拌状态下加入5.6ml的TEOS,静置1h;伴随磁力搅拌逐滴加入3.6mlTEOS和1.7mlC18TMOS配置的混合物,室温静置3h;离心、干燥,将得到的白色固体研磨后放入管式炉烧制,设置程序使炉体温度以7K/min的加热速率缓慢由25℃上升至325℃,保持此温度4h;待冷却取出,充分研磨,加入20ml1mol/L的盐酸溶液,干燥10-12h,取出研磨后得到硅球模板。
将2.0106g硅球模板与1.0228g三聚氰胺、1.6996g均苯四甲酸酐、0.9002g升华硫进行研磨混合,后用适量无水乙醇进行溶解,在真空条件下搅拌3h,随后在60℃下超声2h,接着在60℃下搅拌10-12h;将得到的固体研磨后放入管式炉并通入N2进行烧制,设置程序使炉体温度以7℃/min的加热速率缓慢由25℃上升至325℃,保持此温度4h,后待冷却取出,充分研磨;在4mol/L的氟化氢铵溶液中加入研磨好的固体粉末,保持12h;用去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤三次,在真空状态下干燥10-12h,得到纳米空心球材料。
纳米空心球材料的XRD图如图1所示。通过文献发现SPI在18°和29.5°具有特征峰,而我们的材料也在18°和29.5°处显示出了较强的特征峰,这说明我们所制备的材料与SPI相比,在总体结构上并未得到破坏。同时发现29.5°特征峰的减弱,可能是由于粒子尺寸变小或多孔导致,多孔、比表面积的增大会导致结晶性的减弱,表明了光催化效果的增强。
配制40mg/L的甲基橙溶液100ml,加入硫掺杂聚酰亚胺纳米空心球材料0.2g,加入催化剂、开循环水、磁力搅拌器,先在未开氙灯(黑暗)条件下吸附1h,取吸附后的样品为对照样,之后打开氙灯,此后每隔1h取样一次,共取八次样。将九份样品用分光光度计测定,降解甲基橙的活性曲线如图2。在第9h甲基橙浓度降到25%以下,在相同条件实验下,相比于SPI,纳米空心球材料的光催化效率得到了提高。
纳米空心球材料和硅球模板的SEM图如图3和图4所示。从微观结构可以看出硅球模板的成功制备以及纳米空心球材料出现的空心球结构。
Claims (8)
1.一种硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球光催化材料制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
第一步,制备模板硅球:将氨水为4-5体积份、无水乙醇为57-59体积份、去离子水为8-11体积份混合,30℃搅拌30min,在搅拌状态下加入4.8-5.6体积份的TEOS,静置1h;伴随磁力搅拌逐滴加入由5-5.5体积份TEOS和2-2.5体积份C18TMOS配置而成的混合物,室温静置3h;离心、干燥,将得到的白色固体研磨后放入管式炉烧制,设置程序使炉体温度以7℃/min的加热速率缓慢由25℃上升至325℃,保持此温度4h;待冷却取出,充分研磨,加入20ml盐酸溶液,干燥10-12h,取出研磨后得到硅球模板;
第二步,制备纳米空心球材料:将硅球模板2-2.2质量份、三聚氰胺0.9-1.05质量份、均苯四甲酸酐1.6-1.8质量份、升华硫0.9-0.95质量份进行研磨混合,后用适量无水乙醇进行溶解,在真空条件下搅拌3h,随后在60℃下超声2h,接着在60℃下搅拌10-12h;将得到的固体研磨后放入管式炉并通入N2进行烧制,设置程序使炉体温度以7℃/min的加热速率缓慢由25℃上升至325℃,保持此温度4h,后待冷却取出,充分研磨;在氟化氢铵溶液中加入研磨好的固体粉末,保持12h;用去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤三次,在真空状态下干燥10-12h,得到纳米空心球材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球光催化材料制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备硅球模板所需氨水为4-4.5体积份、无水乙醇为58-59体积份、去离子水为9-10体积份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球光催化材料制备方法,其特征在于,所述TEOS和C18TMOS的混合物由5.2-5.6体积份TEOS和2.3-2.5体积份C18TMOS组成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球光催化材料制备方法,其特征在于,所述离心转速为6000r/min,时间为15-20min;所述离心后干燥温度为70-80℃。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球光催化材料制备方法,其特征在于,所述盐酸浓度为1mol/L。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球光催化材料制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备纳米空心球材料所需硅球模板2-2.1质量份、三聚氰胺0.9-1质量份、均苯四甲酸酐1.7-1.8质量份、升华硫0.9-0.92质量份。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球光催化材料制备方法,其特征在于,所述氟化氢铵浓度为4mol/L。
8.一种硫掺杂聚酰亚胺空心球光催化材料,其特征在于,采用权利要求1-7任一项所述的制备方法,主要原料包括:硅球模板2-2.1质量份、三聚氰胺0.9-1质量份、均苯四甲酸酐1.7-1.8质量份、升华硫0.9-0.92质量份。
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