CN113621603A - 一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法 - Google Patents
一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法，研究是通过几丁质部分脱乙酰的通过电荷作用对辅因子进行固定，几丁质结合结构域与将辅因子依赖性酶融合表达实现部分脱乙酰几丁质对酶进行固定化，形成共固定化催化剂。在不额外添加辅因子的情况下，能够实现良好的重复利用效果，在连续利用五次，最优条件下转化率能保持60%‑90%，这种辅因子固定化循环利用方法能够大大降低体外酶催化过程的成本，具有非常好的经济利用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于酶催化领域，具体涉及一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法。
背景技术
在工业生物催化过程中，生物催化剂-酶在生物工业催化过程中占有重要地位，其催化具有高度选择性，可以形成复杂的化学结构产物，在生产和回收利用等方面都具有化学催化剂不可比拟的作用。目前，被开发应用的酶越来越多，功能也具有多样性，然而，在现有发现的酶中，50%的酶是辅因子依赖性酶。辅因子（Cofactor）是指与酶（酵素）结合且在催化反应中必要的非蛋白质化合物。辅因子依赖性酶在工业催化过程中，需要额外添加辅因子才能进行催化或者促进催化反应进行，而辅因子一般是比较价格昂贵的，额外添加提高生产成本。固定化酶技术已经较为成熟，但是对于辅因子这样的小分子还是有具有一定难度。回收辅因子回收利成为研究工作者的研究热点。
具有磷酸基团的辅因子，例如5-磷酸吡哆醛（PLP），氧化性辅酶NAD+，核苷酸FAD+，ATP等，再有机体内都是重要的辅因子，参与有机体的生命活动。带有磷酸基团的辅因子使其具有负电荷，这些辅因子可逆的结合在具有正电荷材料的表面，辅因子能够有效的保留在固定化催化体系中，并能够结合到酶的活性中心执行催化功能。基于其性质，SusanaVelasco-Lozano等使用聚乙烯亚胺修饰琼脂糖凝胶小球载体材料制备固定化微球，使用制备好的共固定化辅因子NAD+和甲酸脱氢酶 、辅因子PLP和w-转胺酶，并实现在不额外添加PLP的情况下，能够连续催化。Ana I. Benítez-Mateos等同样采用聚乙烯亚胺修饰的树脂微球共固定化w-转胺酶实现PLP的自给自足的利用。这些固定化材料都需要有机试剂聚乙烯亚胺来对材料进行修饰，与目前提倡的绿色可持续发展不符，因此开发易得、绿色可持续的固定化材料来实现辅因子和酶固定化具有重要意义。
L-赖氨酸脱羧酶（L-Lysine decarboxylase）是一种辅因子PLP依赖性酶，其能够在催化L-赖氨酸脱去羧基产一分子戊二胺和一分子CO2，在目前的工业生产中，还需要额外添加PLP来实现高效催化反应，但是，这过程中大大增加了生产成本，目前，专利CN201910256808.9 已经实现L-赖氨酸脱羧酶的重复利用，但是并没有对辅因子PLP进行一个固定化利用，在连续反应中还需要额外补充PLP来实现催化。
发明内容
针对现有的技术不足，本发明提供了一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法，一种材料易得、可再生的几丁质通过脱乙酰预处理，作为固定化材料对辅因子和其对应的依赖性酶进行共固定化研究，在连续催化合成戊二胺过程应用中，能够有效的防止PLP的流失，提高辅因子和其对应的依赖性酶的催化效率，实现辅因子的循环利用。
为解决现有技术问题，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，固定化材料制备
取几丁质材料0.5-10 g的加入100ml的蓝口瓶中，加入脱乙酰试剂，置于0-100℃的水浴锅中，搅拌0.1-72h后取出，获得不同脱乙酰几丁质；抽滤或者离心去掉脱乙酰试剂，用清水洗至中性pH；烘干备用；
步骤2，先进行辅因子固定化、再进行辅因子依赖性酶固定化；或先进行辅因子依赖性酶固定化，再进行辅因子固定化，即得共固定化催化剂；
步骤3，共固定化催化剂连续催化应用
将共固定化催化剂放在EP管中，加入0.5-50 g/L底物进行反应，pH5.5-9.0，25-60℃反应10-60min；检测底物残留和产物的生成量计算转化率，离心去上清后，再加入底物进行下一批反应，整个过程中不额外添加辅因子。
作为改进的是，所述辅因子为5-磷酸吡哆醛（pyridoxal-5’ phosphate，PLP），对应的辅因子依赖性酶为PLP依赖性酶，或辅因子为烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide，NAD+），对应的辅因子依赖性酶为NAD+依赖性酶。
进一步改进的是，所述辅因子依赖性酶的碳端或者氮端融合了几丁质结合结构域（ChBD）作为标签，能够使得辅因子依赖性能够与固定化材料吸附结合固定化。
进一步改进的是，所述辅因子PLP固定化、再进行L-赖氨酸脱羧酶固定化步骤为：所述辅因子PLP固定化、再进行L-赖氨酸脱羧酶固定化步骤为：将步骤1中获得的脱乙酰几丁质0.01-1 g加入2 ml EP管中，加入0.5-2 mL0.01-1mM的辅因子PLP溶液，加入转子在冰上搅拌1-5 h使得PLP被充分吸附，离心收集沉淀，再用蒸馏水清洗沉淀，去除游离PLP，辅因子PLP被吸附在材料表面，固定化辅因子PLP材料制备完成；取L-赖氨酸脱羧酶制备得0.5-3.5g/L蛋白浓度上清1 ml加入吸附装有固定化材料的2 ml EP管中，加转子200 rpm搅拌10-30 min，使酶进行特异性吸附在材料表面，离心收集去上清后，用1 M氯化钠清洗3次，洗去游离蛋白后，再用PBS清洗3次，去除氯化钠溶液，即得共固定化L-赖氨酸脱羧酶和辅因子PLP得材料。
进一步改进的是，先进行L-赖氨酸脱羧酶固定化，再进行辅因子PLP固定化，具体步骤如下：先进行L-赖氨酸脱羧酶固定化，再进行辅因子PLP固定化，具体步骤如下：将步骤1中获得的脱乙酰几丁质0.01-1 g加入2 ml EP管中，取L-赖氨酸脱羧酶制备得0.5-3.5 g/L蛋白浓度上清1 ml，加转子200 rpm搅拌10-30 min，使酶进行特异性吸附在材料表面，离心去上清后收集沉淀，向沉淀中加入1M氯化钠清洗3次，洗去游离蛋白后，再用PBS清洗3次，去除氯化钠溶液，收集沉淀，加入0.5-2 mL 0.01-1 mM的辅因子PLP溶液，加入转子在冰上搅拌1-5h使得PLP被充分吸附，离心收集沉淀，再用蒸馏水清洗沉淀，去除游离PLP，辅因子PLP被吸附在材料表面，即得共固定化L-赖氨酸脱羧酶和辅因子PLP得材料。
作为改进的是，步骤1中所述的几丁质材料来源于虾壳、蟹壳或真菌菌丝体。
作为改进的是，步骤1中几丁质材料为粉末，纳米纤维、纳米微球、颗粒、凝胶膜或凝胶球。
作为改进的是，所述脱乙酰试剂为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或几丁质脱乙酰酶。
有益效果：
与现有技术相比，本发明一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法，具有如下优势：
1.该方法是第一次利用天然高分子材料几丁质及其脱乙酰衍生物对酶和辅因子PLP进行共固定的一种新的方式；
2.本发明利用的几丁质材料是一种天然高分子材料，绿色，可降解，符合目前提倡的绿色可持续发展理念；
3.本发明固定化材料制备简单，共固定化方式具有可推广性。
附图说明
图1为激光共聚焦显微镜图，其中，（a1）为400倍放大倍数图片，未激发材料表观图，（a2）为405nm波长激发下的PLP图，表示有PLP固定在材料表面，（a3）为488nm波长条件下固定的融合有绿色荧光蛋白的CadA-ChBD图，表示酶同样固定在材料表面；（a4）是（a2）和（a3）重叠，表示PLP和L-赖氨酸脱羧酶共固定化成功。
图2为不同脱乙酰度（DDA）材料共固定化L-赖氨酸脱羧酶和辅因子PLP连续催化的转化率。
具体实施方案
实施例1
步骤1，取1g100目几丁质颗粒于100 ml的蓝口瓶中，加入浓度为20%的氢氧化钠溶液100 ml，将蓝口瓶放在温度为90℃的水浴锅中，搅拌2h后取出；获得30%的脱乙酰度几丁质；抽滤去除碱液，并用清水洗至中性，烘干后备用；
步骤2，称取0.01g 30%脱乙酰度几丁质于2ml EP管中，再加入0.5mL浓度为0.1mM辅因子PLP溶液，再加入转子于冰上搅拌1h，使得PLP被充分吸附，离心收集沉淀，再用蒸馏水清洗沉淀，去除游离PLP，辅因子PLP被吸附在材料表面，固定化辅因子PLP材料制备完成；
步骤3，将制备的1.72g/L C-端接有几丁质结合结构域的L-赖氨酸脱羧酶蛋白浓度粗酶液上清（L-赖氨酸脱羧酶SPLDC-CHBD，5OD细胞破碎，离心获取上液）1ml加入收集沉淀的管内，加转子200rpm搅拌30min，使酶进行特异性吸附在材料表面，离心收集去上清后，向沉淀中加入1 M氯化钠清洗3次，然后再用PBS清洗三次得共固定化材料；
步骤4，取步骤3的共固定化材料，加入50 g/L的底物L-赖氨酸进行反应，pH6.0，37℃反应10 min；离心去上清后，再加入底物进行下一批反应，整个过程中不外源添加辅因子PLP；连续分批反应5次，检测L-赖氨酸残留和戊二胺的生成量，计算每批反应的转化率，其中，第五次反应转化率为29%。
SpLDC-ChBD氨基酸序列：MNVIAIMNHMGVYFKEEPIRELHNALEKLNFRIVYPNDREDLLKLIENNARLCGVIFDWDKYNLELCQEISELNEYMPLYAFANTYSTLDVSLNDLRMQVRFFEYALGAANDIADKIKQNTDEYVDTILPPLTKALFKYVREGKYTFCTPGHMGGTAFQKSPVGSLFYDFFGPNAMKSDVSISVSELGSLLDHSGPHKEAEEYIARVFNAERSYMVTNGTSTANKIVGMYSAPAGNTVLIDRNCHKSLTHLMMMSDITPIYFRPTRNAYGILGGIPQSEFSRATIAKRVKDTPNATWPVHAVITNSTYDGLLYNTDFIKSTLDVKSIHFDSAWVPYTNFHPIYKGKCGMSGGRVEGKVIYETQSTHKLLAAFSQASMIHVKGDINEETFNEAYMMHTTTSPHYGIVASTETAAAMMKGNAGKRLINGSIERAIKFRKEIKRLNVESEGWFFDVWQPEHIDEAECWPLRSDSAWHGFKGIDNEHMYLDPIKVTMLTPGMSKDGEMESFGIPASLVAKYLDEHGIIVEKTGPYNLLFLFSIGIDKTKALSLLRGLTDFKRSFDLNLRVKNMLPSLYKEAPEFYENMRIQELAQNIHNLVKHHNLPDLMYRAFEVLPAMVMNPFQAFQKELHGEVEEVYLEDMVGKVNANMILPYPPGVPLVMPGEMLTEESRPVLEFLQMLCEIGAHYPGFETDIHGAYRQADGRYTVKVLKNDKEFGSSGSSGSSCGSSGSSGSSKLVWQEGNTYAAGTFVSYNGKDYQAQVTHTAYVGANWNPAATPTLWKEVGTSTNPTPTPVAATPTPVSATPTPVVATPTPKPATPTPATATPTPAGQYPAWSASGVYTQGNRVVYQGVVYEAQWWTQGDNPAQSGSWGVWRVVG
实施例2
步骤1，取3 g 100目几丁质颗粒于100 ml的蓝口瓶中，加入浓度为30% 的氢氧化钠溶液100 ml，将蓝口瓶放在温度为90℃的水浴锅中，搅拌2 h后取出；获得36%的脱乙酰度几丁质；抽滤去除碱液，并用清水洗至中性pH, 60℃下烘干备用；
步骤2，称取 0.01g 36%脱乙酰度几丁质加入2ml EP管中，再加入1mL浓度为0.1mM辅因子PLP溶液，再加入转子在冰上搅拌1h，使得PLP被充分吸附，再离心收集沉淀，再用蒸馏水清洗沉淀，去除游离PLP，辅因子PLP被吸附在材料表面；
步骤3，将制备的1.72g/L C-端接有几丁质结合结构域的L-赖氨酸脱羧酶蛋白浓度粗酶液上清1ml（L-赖氨酸脱羧酶CadA-ChBD，5OD细胞破碎，离心获取上液，其中L-赖氨酸脱羧酶CadA-ChBD的来源同CN201910256808.9）加入收集沉淀的管内，加转子200rpm搅拌30min，离心去上清，并收集沉淀，向沉淀中加入1 M氯化钠清洗3次，洗去游离蛋白后，再用PBS清洗三次，去除氯化钠溶液，得共固定化材料；
步骤4，取步骤3的共固定化材料，加入50 g/L的底物L-赖氨酸进行反应，pH6.0，37℃反应10 min；离心去上清后，再加入底物进行下一批反应，整个过程中不外源添加辅因子PLP；连续分批反应5次，检测L-赖氨酸残留和戊二胺的生成量，计算每批反应的转化率，第五次反应转化率为49%。
CadA-ChBD氨基酸序列：
MNVIAILNHMGVYFKEEPIRELHRALERLNFQIVYPNDRDDLLKLIENNARLCGVIFDWDKYNLELCEEISKMNENLPLYAFANTYSTLDVSLNDLRLQISFFEYALGAAEDIANKIKQTTDEYINTILPPLTKALFKYVREGKYTFCTPGHMGGTAFQKSPVGSLFYDFFGPNTMKSDISISVSELGSLLDHSGPHKEAEQYIARVFNADRSYMVTNGTSTANKIVGMYSAPAGSTILIDRNCHKSLTHLMMMSDVTPIYFRPTRNAYGILGGIPQSEFQHATIAKRVKETPNATWPVHAVITNSTYDGLLYNTDFIKKTLDVKSIHFDSAWVPYTNFSPIYEGKCGMSGGRVEGKVIYETQSTHKLLAAFSQASMIHVKGDVNEETFNEAYMMHTTTSPHYGIVASTETAAAMMKGNAGKRLINGSIERAIKFRKEIKRLRTESDGWFFDVWQPDHIDTTECWPLRSDSTWHGFKNIDNEHMYLDPIKVTLLTPGMEKDGTMSDFGIPASIVAKYLDEHGIVVEKTGPYNLLFLFSIGIDKTKALSLLRALTDFKRAFDLNLRVKNMLPSLYREDPEFYENMRIQELAQNIHKLIVHHNLPDLMYRAFEVLPTMVMTPYAAFQKELHGMTEEVYLDEMVGRINANMILPYPPGVPLVMPGEMITEESRPVLEFLQMLCEIGAHYPGFETDIHGAYRQADGRYTVKVGSSGSSGSSCGSSGSSGSSMYPVWQEGNTYAAGTFVSYNGKDYQAQVTHTAYVGANWNPAATPTLWKEVGTSTNPTPTPVAATPTPVSATPTPVVATPTPKPATPTPATATPTPAGQYPAWSASGVYTQGNRVVYQGVVYEAQWWTQGDNPAQSGSWGVWRVVGLE
实施例3
步骤1，取3 g 100目几丁质颗粒的加入100 ml的蓝口瓶中，加入浓度为40% 的氢氧化钠溶液100ml，将蓝口瓶放在温度为90℃的水浴锅中，搅拌2 h后取出；获得40%的脱乙酰度几丁质；抽滤去碱液，并用清水洗至中性, 60℃下烘干备用；
步骤2，称取 40%脱乙酰度几丁质0.01g加入2 mlEP管中，在加入1mL浓度为0.1mM辅因子PLP溶液，再加入转子于冰上搅拌1h，使得PLP被充分吸附；再离心收集沉淀，再用蒸馏水清洗沉淀，去除游离PLP，辅因子PLP被吸附在材料表面，固定化辅因子PLP材料制备完成；
步骤3，将制备的1.72 g/LC-端接有几丁质结合结构域的L-赖氨酸脱羧酶蛋白浓度的粗酶液上清1 ml（L-赖氨酸脱羧酶CadA-ChBD，5OD细胞破碎，离心获取上液，其中L-赖氨酸脱羧酶CadA-ChBD的来源同CN201910256808.9，序列同实施例2）加入收集沉淀的管内，加转子200 rpm搅拌30min，使酶进行特异性吸附在材料表面，离心收集去上清，并收集沉淀，向沉淀中加入1M氯化钠清洗3次，然后再用PBS清洗3次，得共固定化材料；
步骤4，取步骤3的共固定化材料，加入50 g/L的底物L-赖氨酸进行反应，pH 6.0，37℃反应10min；离心去上清后，再加入底物进行下一批反应，整个过程中不外源添加辅因子PLP；连续分批反应5次，检测L-赖氨酸残留和戊二胺的生成量，计算每批反应的转化率，第五次反应转化率为55%。
实施例4
步骤1，取3 g 100目几丁质颗粒的加入100 ml的蓝口瓶中，加入浓度为40% 的氢氧化钠溶液100 ml，将蓝口瓶放在温度为90℃的水浴锅中，搅拌2h后取出；获得67%的脱乙酰度几丁质；抽滤去碱液，并用清水洗至中性, 60℃下烘干备用；
步骤2，称取 67%脱乙酰度几丁质0.01 g加入2 ml EP管中，将制备的1.72 g/L C-端接有几丁质结合结构域的L-赖氨酸脱羧酶粗酶液上清1ml（L-赖氨酸脱羧酶CadA-ChBD，5OD细胞破碎，离心获取上液，其中L-赖氨酸脱羧酶CadA-ChBD的来源同CN201910256808.9，序列同实施例2）加入收集沉淀的管内，加转子200rpm搅拌30min，使酶进行特异性吸附在材料表面，离心去上清后收集沉淀，向沉淀中加入1M氯化钠清洗3次，再用PBS清洗三次，收集沉淀备用；
步骤3，在上一步的沉淀中，加入1mL配制好的0.1mM辅因子PLP溶液，加入转子在冰上搅拌3 h使得PLP被充分吸附，离心收集沉淀得共固定化材料；
步骤4，取步骤3中获得的共固定化材料，加入50 g/L的底物L-赖氨酸进行反应，pH6.0，37℃反应10 min；离心去上清后，再加入底物进行下一批反应，整个过程中不外源添加辅因子PLP；连续分批反应5次，检测L-赖氨酸残留和戊二胺的生成量计算每批反应的转化率，第五次反应转化率为70%。
实施例5
步骤1，取3 g 100目几丁质颗粒于100 ml的蓝口瓶中，加入浓度为60%的氢氧化钠溶液100 ml，置于90℃的水浴锅中，搅拌2 h后取出；获得80%的脱乙酰几丁质；抽滤去碱液，并用清水洗至中性, 60℃下烘干备用；
步骤2，称取 80%脱乙酰度几丁质0.01 g加入2 ml EP管中，将制备的1.72 g/L C-端接有几丁质结合结构域的L-赖氨酸脱羧酶蛋白浓度的粗酶液上清1 ml（L-赖氨酸脱羧酶CadA-ChBD，5OD细胞破碎，离心获取上液，其中L-赖氨酸脱羧酶CadA-ChBD的来源同CN201910256808.9，序列同实施例2）加入收集沉淀的管内，加转子200rpm搅拌30 min，使酶进行特异性吸附在材料表面，离心去上清，并收集沉淀，向沉淀中加入1 M氯化钠清洗3次，然后再用PBS清洗三次，去除氯化钠溶液，收集沉淀备用；
步骤3，在上一步获得的沉淀中，加入1 mL浓度为0.1 mM辅因子PLP溶液，加入转子在冰上搅拌3 h使得PLP被充分吸附，离心收集沉淀得共固定化材料；
步骤4，取步骤3中获得的共固定化材料，加入50 g/L的底物L-赖氨酸进行反应，pH6.0，37℃反应10 min；离心去上清后，再加入底物进行下一批反应，整个过程中不外源添加辅因子PLP；连续分批反应5次，检测L-赖氨酸残留和戊二胺的生成量计算每批反应的转化率，第五次反应转化率为90%。
综上所述，本发明一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法，对来源广泛，易得，可再生的几丁质通过脱乙酰预处理，作为固定化材料对辅因子PLP和L-赖氨酸脱羧酶进行共固定化研究，在连续催化合成戊二胺过程中，能够有效的防止PLP的流失，提高辅因子PLP和L-赖氨酸脱羧酶的催化效率，实现辅因子PLP的循环利用。
序列表
<110> 南京工业大学
<120> 一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法
<160> 2
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 878
<212> PRT
<213> 氨基酸序列(Aminoacid Sequence)
<400> 1
Met Asn Val Ile Ala Ile Met Asn His Met Gly Val Tyr Phe Lys Glu
1 5 10 15
Glu Pro Ile Arg Glu Leu His Asn Ala Leu Glu Lys Leu Asn Phe Arg
20 25 30
Ile Val Tyr Pro Asn Asp Arg Glu Asp Leu Leu Lys Leu Ile Glu Asn
35 40 45
Asn Ala Arg Leu Cys Gly Val Ile Phe Asp Trp Asp Lys Tyr Asn Leu
50 55 60
Glu Leu Cys Gln Glu Ile Ser Glu Leu Asn Glu Tyr Met Pro Leu Tyr
65 70 75 80
Ala Phe Ala Asn Thr Tyr Ser Thr Leu Asp Val Ser Leu Asn Asp Leu
85 90 95
Arg Met Gln Val Arg Phe Phe Glu Tyr Ala Leu Gly Ala Ala Asn Asp
100 105 110
Ile Ala Asp Lys Ile Lys Gln Asn Thr Asp Glu Tyr Val Asp Thr Ile
115 120 125
Leu Pro Pro Leu Thr Lys Ala Leu Phe Lys Tyr Val Arg Glu Gly Lys
130 135 140
Tyr Thr Phe Cys Thr Pro Gly His Met Gly Gly Thr Ala Phe Gln Lys
145 150 155 160
Ser Pro Val Gly Ser Leu Phe Tyr Asp Phe Phe Gly Pro Asn Ala Met
165 170 175
Lys Ser Asp Val Ser Ile Ser Val Ser Glu Leu Gly Ser Leu Leu Asp
180 185 190
His Ser Gly Pro His Lys Glu Ala Glu Glu Tyr Ile Ala Arg Val Phe
195 200 205
Asn Ala Glu Arg Ser Tyr Met Val Thr Asn Gly Thr Ser Thr Ala Asn
210 215 220
Lys Ile Val Gly Met Tyr Ser Ala Pro Ala Gly Asn Thr Val Leu Ile
225 230 235 240
Asp Arg Asn Cys His Lys Ser Leu Thr His Leu Met Met Met Ser Asp
245 250 255
Ile Thr Pro Ile Tyr Phe Arg Pro Thr Arg Asn Ala Tyr Gly Ile Leu
260 265 270
Gly Gly Ile Pro Gln Ser Glu Phe Ser Arg Ala Thr Ile Ala Lys Arg
275 280 285
Val Lys Asp Thr Pro Asn Ala Thr Trp Pro Val His Ala Val Ile Thr
290 295 300
Asn Ser Thr Tyr Asp Gly Leu Leu Tyr Asn Thr Asp Phe Ile Lys Ser
305 310 315 320
Thr Leu Asp Val Lys Ser Ile His Phe Asp Ser Ala Trp Val Pro Tyr
325 330 335
Thr Asn Phe His Pro Ile Tyr Lys Gly Lys Cys Gly Met Ser Gly Gly
340 345 350
Arg Val Glu Gly Lys Val Ile Tyr Glu Thr Gln Ser Thr His Lys Leu
355 360 365
Leu Ala Ala Phe Ser Gln Ala Ser Met Ile His Val Lys Gly Asp Ile
370 375 380
Asn Glu Glu Thr Phe Asn Glu Ala Tyr Met Met His Thr Thr Thr Ser
385 390 395 400
Pro His Tyr Gly Ile Val Ala Ser Thr Glu Thr Ala Ala Ala Met Met
405 410 415
Lys Gly Asn Ala Gly Lys Arg Leu Ile Asn Gly Ser Ile Glu Arg Ala
420 425 430
Ile Lys Phe Arg Lys Glu Ile Lys Arg Leu Asn Val Glu Ser Glu Gly
435 440 445
Trp Phe Phe Asp Val Trp Gln Pro Glu His Ile Asp Glu Ala Glu Cys
450 455 460
Trp Pro Leu Arg Ser Asp Ser Ala Trp His Gly Phe Lys Gly Ile Asp
465 470 475 480
Asn Glu His Met Tyr Leu Asp Pro Ile Lys Val Thr Met Leu Thr Pro
485 490 495
Gly Met Ser Lys Asp Gly Glu Met Glu Ser Phe Gly Ile Pro Ala Ser
500 505 510
Leu Val Ala Lys Tyr Leu Asp Glu His Gly Ile Ile Val Glu Lys Thr
515 520 525
Gly Pro Tyr Asn Leu Leu Phe Leu Phe Ser Ile Gly Ile Asp Lys Thr
530 535 540
Lys Ala Leu Ser Leu Leu Arg Gly Leu Thr Asp Phe Lys Arg Ser Phe
545 550 555 560
Asp Leu Asn Leu Arg Val Lys Asn Met Leu Pro Ser Leu Tyr Lys Glu
565 570 575
Ala Pro Glu Phe Tyr Glu Asn Met Arg Ile Gln Glu Leu Ala Gln Asn
580 585 590
Ile His Asn Leu Val Lys His His Asn Leu Pro Asp Leu Met Tyr Arg
595 600 605
Ala Phe Glu Val Leu Pro Ala Met Val Met Asn Pro Phe Gln Ala Phe
610 615 620
Gln Lys Glu Leu His Gly Glu Val Glu Glu Val Tyr Leu Glu Asp Met
625 630 635 640
Val Gly Lys Val Asn Ala Asn Met Ile Leu Pro Tyr Pro Pro Gly Val
645 650 655
Pro Leu Val Met Pro Gly Glu Met Leu Thr Glu Glu Ser Arg Pro Val
660 665 670
Leu Glu Phe Leu Gln Met Leu Cys Glu Ile Gly Ala His Tyr Pro Gly
675 680 685
Phe Glu Thr Asp Ile His Gly Ala Tyr Arg Gln Ala Asp Gly Arg Tyr
690 695 700
Thr Val Lys Val Leu Lys Asn Asp Lys Glu Phe Gly Ser Ser Gly Ser
705 710 715 720
Ser Gly Ser Ser Cys Gly Ser Ser Gly Ser Ser Gly Ser Ser Lys Leu
725 730 735
Val Trp Gln Glu Gly Asn Thr Tyr Ala Ala Gly Thr Phe Val Ser Tyr
740 745 750
Asn Gly Lys Asp Tyr Gln Ala Gln Val Thr His Thr Ala Tyr Val Gly
755 760 765
Ala Asn Trp Asn Pro Ala Ala Thr Pro Thr Leu Trp Lys Glu Val Gly
770 775 780
Thr Ser Thr Asn Pro Thr Pro Thr Pro Val Ala Ala Thr Pro Thr Pro
785 790 795 800
Val Ser Ala Thr Pro Thr Pro Val Val Ala Thr Pro Thr Pro Lys Pro
805 810 815
Ala Thr Pro Thr Pro Ala Thr Ala Thr Pro Thr Pro Ala Gly Gln Tyr
820 825 830
Pro Ala Trp Ser Ala Ser Gly Val Tyr Thr Gln Gly Asn Arg Val Val
835 840 845
Tyr Gln Gly Val Val Tyr Glu Ala Gln Trp Trp Thr Gln Gly Asp Asn
850 855 860
Pro Ala Gln Ser Gly Ser Trp Gly Val Trp Arg Val Val Gly
865 870 875
<210> 2
<211> 874
<212> PRT
<213> 氨基酸序列(Aminoacid Sequence)
<400> 2
Met Asn Val Ile Ala Ile Leu Asn His Met Gly Val Tyr Phe Lys Glu
1 5 10 15
Glu Pro Ile Arg Glu Leu His Arg Ala Leu Glu Arg Leu Asn Phe Gln
20 25 30
Ile Val Tyr Pro Asn Asp Arg Asp Asp Leu Leu Lys Leu Ile Glu Asn
35 40 45
Asn Ala Arg Leu Cys Gly Val Ile Phe Asp Trp Asp Lys Tyr Asn Leu
50 55 60
Glu Leu Cys Glu Glu Ile Ser Lys Met Asn Glu Asn Leu Pro Leu Tyr
65 70 75 80
Ala Phe Ala Asn Thr Tyr Ser Thr Leu Asp Val Ser Leu Asn Asp Leu
85 90 95
Arg Leu Gln Ile Ser Phe Phe Glu Tyr Ala Leu Gly Ala Ala Glu Asp
100 105 110
Ile Ala Asn Lys Ile Lys Gln Thr Thr Asp Glu Tyr Ile Asn Thr Ile
115 120 125
Leu Pro Pro Leu Thr Lys Ala Leu Phe Lys Tyr Val Arg Glu Gly Lys
130 135 140
Tyr Thr Phe Cys Thr Pro Gly His Met Gly Gly Thr Ala Phe Gln Lys
145 150 155 160
Ser Pro Val Gly Ser Leu Phe Tyr Asp Phe Phe Gly Pro Asn Thr Met
165 170 175
Lys Ser Asp Ile Ser Ile Ser Val Ser Glu Leu Gly Ser Leu Leu Asp
180 185 190
His Ser Gly Pro His Lys Glu Ala Glu Gln Tyr Ile Ala Arg Val Phe
195 200 205
Asn Ala Asp Arg Ser Tyr Met Val Thr Asn Gly Thr Ser Thr Ala Asn
210 215 220
Lys Ile Val Gly Met Tyr Ser Ala Pro Ala Gly Ser Thr Ile Leu Ile
225 230 235 240
Asp Arg Asn Cys His Lys Ser Leu Thr His Leu Met Met Met Ser Asp
245 250 255
Val Thr Pro Ile Tyr Phe Arg Pro Thr Arg Asn Ala Tyr Gly Ile Leu
260 265 270
Gly Gly Ile Pro Gln Ser Glu Phe Gln His Ala Thr Ile Ala Lys Arg
275 280 285
Val Lys Glu Thr Pro Asn Ala Thr Trp Pro Val His Ala Val Ile Thr
290 295 300
Asn Ser Thr Tyr Asp Gly Leu Leu Tyr Asn Thr Asp Phe Ile Lys Lys
305 310 315 320
Thr Leu Asp Val Lys Ser Ile His Phe Asp Ser Ala Trp Val Pro Tyr
325 330 335
Thr Asn Phe Ser Pro Ile Tyr Glu Gly Lys Cys Gly Met Ser Gly Gly
340 345 350
Arg Val Glu Gly Lys Val Ile Tyr Glu Thr Gln Ser Thr His Lys Leu
355 360 365
Leu Ala Ala Phe Ser Gln Ala Ser Met Ile His Val Lys Gly Asp Val
370 375 380
Asn Glu Glu Thr Phe Asn Glu Ala Tyr Met Met His Thr Thr Thr Ser
385 390 395 400
Pro His Tyr Gly Ile Val Ala Ser Thr Glu Thr Ala Ala Ala Met Met
405 410 415
Lys Gly Asn Ala Gly Lys Arg Leu Ile Asn Gly Ser Ile Glu Arg Ala
420 425 430
Ile Lys Phe Arg Lys Glu Ile Lys Arg Leu Arg Thr Glu Ser Asp Gly
435 440 445
Trp Phe Phe Asp Val Trp Gln Pro Asp His Ile Asp Thr Thr Glu Cys
450 455 460
Trp Pro Leu Arg Ser Asp Ser Thr Trp His Gly Phe Lys Asn Ile Asp
465 470 475 480
Asn Glu His Met Tyr Leu Asp Pro Ile Lys Val Thr Leu Leu Thr Pro
485 490 495
Gly Met Glu Lys Asp Gly Thr Met Ser Asp Phe Gly Ile Pro Ala Ser
500 505 510
Ile Val Ala Lys Tyr Leu Asp Glu His Gly Ile Val Val Glu Lys Thr
515 520 525
Gly Pro Tyr Asn Leu Leu Phe Leu Phe Ser Ile Gly Ile Asp Lys Thr
530 535 540
Lys Ala Leu Ser Leu Leu Arg Ala Leu Thr Asp Phe Lys Arg Ala Phe
545 550 555 560
Asp Leu Asn Leu Arg Val Lys Asn Met Leu Pro Ser Leu Tyr Arg Glu
565 570 575
Asp Pro Glu Phe Tyr Glu Asn Met Arg Ile Gln Glu Leu Ala Gln Asn
580 585 590
Ile His Lys Leu Ile Val His His Asn Leu Pro Asp Leu Met Tyr Arg
595 600 605
Ala Phe Glu Val Leu Pro Thr Met Val Met Thr Pro Tyr Ala Ala Phe
610 615 620
Gln Lys Glu Leu His Gly Met Thr Glu Glu Val Tyr Leu Asp Glu Met
625 630 635 640
Val Gly Arg Ile Asn Ala Asn Met Ile Leu Pro Tyr Pro Pro Gly Val
645 650 655
Pro Leu Val Met Pro Gly Glu Met Ile Thr Glu Glu Ser Arg Pro Val
660 665 670
Leu Glu Phe Leu Gln Met Leu Cys Glu Ile Gly Ala His Tyr Pro Gly
675 680 685
Phe Glu Thr Asp Ile His Gly Ala Tyr Arg Gln Ala Asp Gly Arg Tyr
690 695 700
Thr Val Lys Val Gly Ser Ser Gly Ser Ser Gly Ser Ser Cys Gly Ser
705 710 715 720
Ser Gly Ser Ser Gly Ser Ser Met Tyr Pro Val Trp Gln Glu Gly Asn
725 730 735
Thr Tyr Ala Ala Gly Thr Phe Val Ser Tyr Asn Gly Lys Asp Tyr Gln
740 745 750
Ala Gln Val Thr His Thr Ala Tyr Val Gly Ala Asn Trp Asn Pro Ala
755 760 765
Ala Thr Pro Thr Leu Trp Lys Glu Val Gly Thr Ser Thr Asn Pro Thr
770 775 780
Pro Thr Pro Val Ala Ala Thr Pro Thr Pro Val Ser Ala Thr Pro Thr
785 790 795 800
Pro Val Val Ala Thr Pro Thr Pro Lys Pro Ala Thr Pro Thr Pro Ala
805 810 815
Thr Ala Thr Pro Thr Pro Ala Gly Gln Tyr Pro Ala Trp Ser Ala Ser
820 825 830
Gly Val Tyr Thr Gln Gly Asn Arg Val Val Tyr Gln Gly Val Val Tyr
835 840 845
Glu Ala Gln Trp Trp Thr Gln Gly Asp Asn Pro Ala Gln Ser Gly Ser
850 855 860
Trp Gly Val Trp Arg Val Val Gly Leu Glu
865 870
Claims (8)
1.一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，固定化材料制备
取几丁质材料0.5-10 g的加入100ml的蓝口瓶中，加入脱乙酰试剂，置于0-100℃的水浴锅中，搅拌0.1-72h后取出，获得不同脱乙酰几丁质；抽滤或者离心去掉脱乙酰试剂，用清水洗至中性pH；烘干备用；
步骤2，先进行辅因子固定化、再进行辅因子依赖性酶固定化；或先进行辅因子依赖性酶固定化，再进行辅因子固定化，即得共固定化催化剂；
步骤3，共固定化催化剂连续催化应用
将共固定化催化剂放在EP管中，加入0.5-50 g/L底物进行反应，pH5.5-9.0，25-60℃反应10-60min；检测底物残留和产物的生成量计算转化率，离心去上清后，再加入底物进行下一批反应，整个过程中不额外添加辅因子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法，其特征在于，所述辅因子依赖性酶的碳端或者氮端融合了几丁质结合结构域作为标签，能够使得辅因子依赖性能够与固定化材料吸附结合固定化。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法，其特征在于，所述辅因子为5-磷酸吡哆醛，对应的辅因子依赖性酶为PLP依赖性酶，或辅因子为烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸， 对应的辅因子依赖性酶为NAD+依赖性酶。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法，其特征在于，所述辅因子PLP固定化、再进行L-赖氨酸脱羧酶固定化步骤为：所述辅因子PLP固定化、再进行L-赖氨酸脱羧酶固定化步骤为：将步骤1中获得的脱乙酰几丁质0.01-1 g加入2 ml EP管中，加入0.5-2 mL0.01-1mM的辅因子PLP溶液，加入转子在冰上搅拌1-5 h使得PLP被充分吸附，离心收集沉淀，再用蒸馏水清洗沉淀，去除游离PLP，辅因子PLP被吸附在材料表面，固定化辅因子PLP材料制备完成；取L-赖氨酸脱羧酶制备得0.5-3.5g/L蛋白浓度上清1 ml加入吸附装有固定化材料的2 ml EP管中，加转子200 rpm搅拌10-30 min，使酶进行特异性吸附在材料表面，离心收集去上清后，用1 M氯化钠清洗3次，洗去游离蛋白后，再用PBS清洗3次，去除氯化钠溶液，即得共固定化L-赖氨酸脱羧酶和辅因子PLP得材料。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法，其特征在于，先进行L-赖氨酸脱羧酶固定化，再进行辅因子PLP固定化，具体步骤如下：先进行L-赖氨酸脱羧酶固定化，再进行辅因子PLP固定化，具体步骤如下：将步骤1中获得的脱乙酰几丁质0.01-1 g加入2 ml EP管中，取L-赖氨酸脱羧酶制备得0.5-3.5 g/L蛋白浓度上清1 ml，加转子200 rpm搅拌10-30 min，使酶进行特异性吸附在材料表面，离心去上清后收集沉淀，向沉淀中加入1M；氯化钠清洗3次，洗去游离蛋白后，再用PBS清洗3次，去除氯化钠溶液，收集沉淀，加入0.5-2 mL 0.01-1 mM的辅因子PLP溶液，加入转子在冰上搅拌1-5h使得PLP被充分吸附，离心收集沉淀，再用蒸馏水清洗沉淀，去除游离PLP，辅因子PLP被吸附在材料表面，即得共固定化L-赖氨酸脱羧酶和辅因子PLP得材料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法，其特征在于，步骤1中所述的几丁质材料来源于虾壳、蟹壳或真菌菌丝体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法，其特征在于，步骤1中几丁质材料为粉末，纳米纤维、纳米微球、颗粒、凝胶膜或凝胶球。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种辅因子与辅因子依赖性酶的共固定化连续催化的方法，其特征在于，所述脱乙酰试剂为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾，或几丁质脱乙酰酶。
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