CN113621028A - 一种多肽自组装水凝胶支架及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种多肽自组装水凝胶支架及其应用。其中,将小分子多肽载体通过共价键与包括细胞黏附分子类模拟肽、细胞因子模拟肽、趋化因子模拟肽的功能模拟肽键合,形成自组装纳米结构,通过调整水凝胶的浓度,在水凝胶中自组装形成具有募集免疫细胞功能的纳米结构水凝胶支架,所述支架可用于肿瘤治疗、损伤修复等中。将功能性多肽以一种三维存在形式保护在水凝胶支架中,既延长了在体内存活时间,又更加充分地与免疫细胞接触,从而适宜免疫细胞的募集和增殖,提高依赖于免疫细胞发挥作用的疾病,如肿瘤和创伤等,最终提高肿瘤免疫治疗和创伤修复效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于免疫学、生物医学工程领域,具体涉及一种多肽自组装水凝胶支架及其应用。
背景技术
在肿瘤、创伤修复等疾病情况下,免疫细胞在识别肿瘤抗原、清除肿瘤细胞和残余炎症细胞,加速伤口修复中发挥核心作用。虽然抗原性较强的肿瘤细胞可以引起有效的适应性免疫应答,但由于肿瘤免疫逃逸,抗原性较弱的肿瘤细胞可以逃避免疫攻击。另外,肿瘤还可通过抗原调变,使得肿瘤特异性抗原、肿瘤相关性抗原选择性表达减少和丢失,导致抗原提呈细胞提呈抗原能力大大减弱,逃避了免疫系统的识别和攻击,无法产生足够的免疫应答清除肿瘤。抗原提呈细胞在介导适应性免疫应答中起到关键作用,通过提供MHC分子,为T细胞活化提供第一信号。另外,抗原提呈细胞表面B7-1、B7-2等分子与T细胞表面CD28复合物结合,提供T细胞活化的第二信号。
细胞黏附分子介导细胞与细胞外基质间的相互接触和结合,以受体-配体结合的方式发挥作用,可以介导细胞与细胞间、细胞与基质间、细胞-基质-细胞间发生黏附,参与细胞识别,细胞活化和信号转导,细胞增殖与分化,细胞伸展与移动,是一系列免疫应答、炎症、凝血、肿瘤转移及创伤修复愈合过程中重要的分子基础。黏附分子包括整合素家族、选择素家族、免疫球蛋白家族、钙粘蛋白家族等。其中整合素家族是由α、β两条链组成的异源二聚体,分布广泛,某些整合素的表达具有显著的细胞特异性。免疫球蛋白家族类参与抗原识别或细胞间的相互作用,具有与Ig相似的结构特征。选择素家族包括L-选择素、P-选择素和E-选择素三个成员,主要表达在白细胞、内皮细胞和肿瘤细胞表面。黏附分子参与集体多种重要的生理功能和病理过程。其中,免疫细胞的相互识别开启了免疫应答,是各种生理病理过程的重要环节。免疫细胞在接受免疫刺激时,还必须有辅助活化信号才能被激活。抗原提呈细胞与T细胞间的相互作用是启动适应性免疫应答中最重要的一部分,他们之间的相互作用包含了黏附分子与配体间的识别结合,常见的有:CD8/MHCΙ类分子、CD4/MHCⅡ类分子、CD28/CD80/CD86、LFA-1/ICAM-1、CD2/CD58等,若缺乏辅助信号,T细胞将会处于无能状态。
生物医学工程技术的出现解决了传统细胞培育方式存在的不足。现有的常规细胞培养方法虽然满足了细胞营养方面的需求,但二维空间限制了细胞的伸展,相对而言,水凝胶三维支架可通过调整浓度形成具有一定空间结构的支架,细胞在支架中可以得到充分的伸展,并且水凝胶的生物相容性好,利于细胞的增殖和与其它细胞间的信息交流。另外,可通过共价键合某些具有吸附、分化、增殖等功能的模拟肽或肿瘤特异性抗原模拟肽,实现特定细胞表型的分化及扩增,以及肿瘤抗原特异性效应细胞的激活。因此,可为抗肿瘤提供一种简便、高效、经济的方法。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种多肽自组装水凝胶支架,从而使免疫细胞在体外富集和扩增培养,可以实现募集抗原提呈细胞和T细胞,激活并扩增肿瘤特异性T细胞,显著提高抗肿瘤效果。其中,将小分子多肽载体与一种或多种不同的功能模拟肽(例如细胞黏附分子、细胞因子、趋化因子功能模拟肽)共价连接,得到多肽自组装水凝胶支架。
本发明提供一种多肽自组装水凝胶支架,其特征在于:将小分子多肽载体键合一种或多种功能模拟肽,通过调整小分子多肽载体的浓度,形成纳米结构的自组装水凝胶支架。
进一步地,所述小分子多肽载体是10~20个氨基酸的小分子多肽。例如,所述小分子多肽载体包括但不限于:RADARADARADARADA(SEQ ID NO.1)、FEFKFEFKFEFKFEFK(SEQ IDNO.2)、KWKAKAKAKWK(SEQ ID NO.3)、EWEAEAEAE(SEQ ID NO.4)等。
进一步地,所含模拟肽包括:细胞黏附分子类模拟肽、细胞因子模拟肽、趋化因子模拟肽。所述的细胞黏附分子类模拟肽包括L-选择素、E-选择素、P-选择素肽、α1β1、α2β1、αMβ2等二十余种整合素肽的功能明确模拟肽。所述的细胞因子类模拟肽包括:IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、GM-CSF、M-CSF、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-10、IL-12、IL-13、IL-17、TGF-β等功能明确模拟肽。
进一步,所述模拟肽通过酰胺键、氨基酸序列或二硫键作为连接基团以共价键与小分子多肽载体连接。
进一步,所述功能模拟肽与所述小分子多肽载体的摩尔比为1:1。
进一步,自组装多肽支架为纳米溶液或水凝胶。
本发明还提供一种键合不同功能模拟肽的水凝胶支架在肿瘤诊断、治疗中的应用,它的制备方法如下:第一步,包括细胞黏附分子、细胞因子、趋化因子功能模拟肽以共价键与小分子多肽载体连接,第二步,通过浓度调整,形成水凝胶自组装纳米结构。
本发明还提供一种含有功能模拟肽的多肽自组装水凝胶支架在制备肿瘤治疗或预防产品肿瘤、或创伤修复产品中的应用。功能模拟肽以共价键与小分子多肽载体连接后形成的含有特定功能模拟肽的多肽支架,在水溶液中自组装,调整浓度,通过多肽自组装形成纳米结构。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.以黏附分子模拟肽募集免疫细胞,可以实现单核细胞和T淋巴细胞的有效募集,
2.通过包裹入特定类型的细胞因子,可以实现单核细胞向树突状细胞的转化。
3.通过包裹入抗原,可以实现抗原的传递和特异性T淋巴细胞的激活。
4.通过自组装方法可以实现水凝胶形式的纳米支架结构,提供细胞的存活及活性。
5.通过一种或多种自组装功能模拟肽提高免疫细胞的募集能力和激活能力,增强特异性细胞免疫应答,改善肿瘤免疫治疗效果。
6.通过不同的细胞因子模拟肽,可以实现不同肿瘤抗原特异性效应细胞的激活,制备个性化抗肿瘤T淋巴细胞。
7.键合了不同功能模拟肽的水凝胶支架可以增强抗原被提呈细胞的识别与摄取。
8.键合了不同功能模拟肽的水凝胶支架可以诱导显著的DC细胞成熟及T细胞扩增。
9.键合了不同功能模拟肽的水凝胶支架显著提高了T细胞杀伤肿瘤效率,并且产生高水平的IFN-γ,进一步表明这种水凝胶支架可以增强机体的抗肿瘤应答。
本发明通过共价键合,将不同功能的模拟肽或细胞因子模拟肽组装到小分子多肽载体上,通过调整pH和浓度,组装成纳米结构的水凝胶支架,保护多肽体内的存留时间,并且实现免疫细胞的募集、分化和增殖,三维立体结构给与细胞伸展的空间和细胞交流,提高肿瘤特异性免疫应答的激活,最终提高抗肿瘤效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明共价键合多肽水凝胶支架结构示意图。其中左侧为小分子多肽载体,中间是共价键合类型,右侧是共价键合的功能模拟肽。
图2为本发明实施例的水溶液状态下的TEM图。
图3为本发明实施例的倾斜实验图。
图4为本发明实施例体外诱导树突状细胞成熟图。其中展示了用水凝胶支架处理前后细胞分泌IL-12水平。NS代表差异不显著,*代表P<0.05,**代表P<0.01。
图5为本发明实施例体外诱导抗原特异性T淋巴细胞增殖图。其中展示了用水凝胶支架处理前后T淋巴细胞增殖情况。NS代表差异不显著,*代表P<0.05,**代表P<0.01。
图6为本发明实施例体外激活抗原特异性CTL杀伤结果图。其中展示了用水凝胶支架处理前后CTL杀伤百分比。NS代表差异不显著,*代表P<0.05,**代表P<0.01。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但实施例的描述不对本发明的保护产生任何限制。
实施例1
本发明自组装水凝胶支架的制备方法如下:
步骤一、制备键合功能多肽
将小分子多肽载体通过共价键与细胞黏附分子类功能模拟肽以1:1的摩尔比例键合,此共价键包括二硫键、酰胺键或氨基酸序列(图1)。
按照同样的方法,进一步采用细胞因子功能模拟肽和趋化因子功能模拟肽,分别与小分子多肽载体通过共价键键合。
本实施例中所述的小分子多肽载体是10~20个氨基酸的小分子多肽,包括:RADARADARADARADA、FEFKFEFKFEFKFEFK、KWKAKAKAKWK、EWEAEAEAE等。以上氨基酸购于sigma-aldrich西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司。
步骤二、水凝胶支架的制备
将步骤一制备的黏附分子类模拟肽、细胞因子模拟肽、趋化因子模拟肽溶解在PBS中,调整浓度,通过小分子多肽自组装形成水凝胶,形成三维立体网状结构。当浓度为10mg/mL时表现为水凝胶,通过透射电子显微镜检测水凝胶形成纤维状纳米结构(图2);通过倾斜实验检测凝胶状态,结果表明呈胶状态良好(图3)。
实施例2
共组装键合功能多肽的制备
将实施例1中的含有细胞黏附分子肽的支架材料与含有细胞因子模拟肽的支架材料以1:1比例混合,自发性发生共组装,并且随着浓度的增大,由液体变成半固体凝胶状态,得到自组装水凝胶支架。
实施例3
水凝胶支架在体外促进树突状细胞成熟
分离人外周血单个核细胞并加入Gibico1640培养基,将实施例2中制备好的自组装水凝胶支架加入到所述培养基中,混合并在37℃、5% CO2下培养48h后回收细胞,通过酶联免疫实验检测树突状细胞成熟关键细胞因子IL-12的分泌情况。结果如图4所示,表明水凝胶支架可以诱导树突状细胞成熟。
实施例4
体外评价水凝胶支架对T淋巴细胞增殖的影响
分离人外周血单个核细胞,流式分选出T细胞,将T细胞铺于96孔板(各孔中预先加入100μL的Gibico1640培养基),将实施例2中制备好的自组装水凝胶支架加入到所述培养基中,混合并在37℃、5% CO2下培养48h后回收细胞,每孔收集上清100μl,加WST-1 10μl,一小时后检测A450,计算T淋巴细胞增殖情况。结果如图5所示,表明水凝胶支架显著扩增T细胞增殖。
实施例5
水凝胶支架体外显著激活抗原特异性CTL杀伤
将实施例4中的T细胞(效应细胞)以不同效靶比(分别为)与肿瘤细胞(靶细胞)混合后接种到Gibico1640培养基中,将实施例2中制备好的自组装水凝胶支架加入到所述培养基中,混合并在37℃、5% CO2下培养4h后收集上清,采用LDH乳酸脱氢酶试剂盒(购自SIGMA)检测杀伤效率。具体培养条件如下:在96孔U型板中加好效靶细胞,混匀甩板,1500rpm离心10min,37℃、5%CO2下孵育4h。体积校正孔及靶细胞裂解孔在检测前45min每孔加入10 μl裂解液(10×)继续孵育。结束后1500rpm甩板10min,每孔转出50 μl置于平底96孔板中,然后每孔加入50 μl新配制的反应液(按照上述试剂盒的说明书配制),室温避光反应30 min,每孔加入50 μl终止液终止反应,摇床上摇5 min后,用酶标仪检测A492。根据公式计算杀伤率。
杀伤率(%)=(效应细胞/靶细胞共培养释放-效应细胞自发释放-靶细胞自发释放)/(靶细胞最大释放-靶细胞自发释放)×100%。
结果如图6所示,表明水凝胶支架显著诱导抗原特异性CTL杀伤。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,做出的若干改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
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Claims (7)
1.一种多肽自组装水凝胶支架,其特征在于:将小分子多肽载体键合一种或多种功能模拟肽,通过调整小分子多肽载体的浓度,形成纳米结构的自组装水凝胶支架。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多肽自组装水凝胶支架,其特征在于:所述小分子多肽载体是10~20个氨基酸的小分子多肽。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多肽自组装水凝胶支架,其特征在于:所述功能模拟肽通过二硫键、酰胺键或氨基酸序列作为连接基团,与所述小分子多肽载体共价结合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多肽自组装水凝胶支架,其特征在于:所述功能模拟肽包括:细胞黏附分子类模拟肽、细胞因子模拟肽、趋化因子模拟肽。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多肽自组装水凝胶支架,其特征在于:所述功能模拟肽与所述小分子多肽载体的摩尔比为1:1。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的多肽自组装水凝胶支架在制备肿瘤诊断试剂中的应用。
7.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的多肽自组装水凝胶支架在制备肿瘤治疗或预防产品、或创伤修复产品中的应用。
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