CN113577065A - 具有改良溶解度的硫肽类抗生素组合物 - Google Patents
具有改良溶解度的硫肽类抗生素组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113577065A CN113577065A CN202110795209.1A CN202110795209A CN113577065A CN 113577065 A CN113577065 A CN 113577065A CN 202110795209 A CN202110795209 A CN 202110795209A CN 113577065 A CN113577065 A CN 113577065A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有改良溶解度的硫肽类抗生素组合物,它包括硫肽类抗生素的胶体粒子和稳定剂;其中,硫肽类抗生素胶体粒子的质量占整个组合物质量的0.01‒80%;所述的硫肽类抗生素的胶体粒子粒径为10‒1000 nm。该胶体粒子可显著提高硫肽类抗生素的溶解度,达到临床治疗浓度。此外,该硫肽类抗生素胶体可直接作为药物使用,或作为药物中间体用于制备其他药物剂型,如胶囊剂、片剂、混悬剂、颗粒剂、乳剂、膏剂等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有改良溶解度的硫肽类抗生素组合物,属于药物制剂技术和抗菌药物开发领域。
背景技术
2017年2月,WHO发布了《指导新抗生素研究、发现和发展的全球抗生素耐药细菌优先性列表》公布了12种急需新型抗生素的常见感染细菌和细菌家族,该清单将12种超级细菌划分为危险(critical)、高等(high)、中等(medium)三级,并为研究人员和制药公司放出信号:抗生素的耐药问题严重,新型抗生素匮乏,亟待开发新机制抗生素(Neurosciences,2017,38:444-445)。糖肽类抗生素万古霉素长期以来一直被认为是抗G+耐药菌的最后防线,但近些年来对万古霉素耐药的临床菌株不断出现(Nat.Rev.Microbiol.,2012,10:266-278),致使临床上亟需新的抗G+菌药物。但是,随着新型抗生素发现难度的日益增加,近十几年仅有利奈唑胺、达托霉素、利福霉素等极少数几个具有新母核结构和作用机制的抗菌药物上市(中国药学杂志,2014,49:1268-1273),但对多重耐药菌和泛耐药菌感染局面的改善有限。
硫肽类抗生素是一类由放线菌生物合成的翻译后修饰肽,通常结构中含有多个噻唑或/和噁唑基团,且高度修饰。硫肽类抗生素的抗菌活性优异,可以在ng/mL的极低浓度下杀死G+菌及其耐药菌株,如耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、耐青霉素的肺炎链球菌、耐万古霉素的肠球菌、艰难梭菌以及喹诺酮类抗生素耐药菌株等(J.Antibiot.,2003:56:226~231;Antimicrob.Agents Ch.,2004,48:3697-3701)。研究发现,硫肽类抗生素可结合于细菌核糖体中L11蛋白的N-端结构域(L11-NTD)与23S rRNA的H43/H44(H表示螺旋)组成的裂缝,限制L11蛋白的构象变化,从而导致EF-G的GTP酶活性无法被激活,阻断蛋白质的生物合成,致使细菌死亡(Mol.Cell,2008,30:26-38)。
活跃链霉菌硫肽类抗生素HXSW-101及糖基化衍生物(发明人前期专利CN112010924A)极强的体外抗G+菌及其耐药菌株和不易产生耐药的特性,使其成为治疗G+菌感染的重要药物来源,同样也是开发艰难梭菌感染一线治疗药物的不二选择。但是,极低水溶性限制了硫肽类抗生素被成药开发,亟待有效解决。本发明将从物理增溶的角度出发,拟采用胶体粒子解决其水溶性低的难题,使其达到有效治疗浓度。胶体粒子由于极小的粒径和极大的比表面积,使得其具有快速溶解和高溶解性的特性。但是,胶体粒子极大的比表面积是导致其稳定性差的重要原因,常需加入稳定剂。稳定剂可吸附于胶体粒子的表面,避免胶体粒子的聚集。胶体粒子的常用稳定剂主要有表面活性剂和亲水性高分子材料,表面活性剂型稳定剂主要有泊洛沙姆、吐温、司盘、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、磷脂和胆酸衍生物、聚乙烯醇(PVA)等;高分子材料型稳定剂有羟丙甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙纤维素(HPC)等。
由此可见,本发明采取的物理增溶策略是解决硫肽类抗生素水溶性难题的重要手段之一,也可为其他难溶性药物的成药开发提供思路。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有改良溶解度的硫肽类抗生素组合物,可以显著改善硫肽类抗生素在水溶液中的溶解度,达到疾病治疗的目的。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案具体如下:
一种具有改良溶解度的硫肽类抗生素组合物,它包括硫肽类抗生素胶体粒子和稳定剂;其中,硫肽类抗生素胶体粒子的质量占整个组合物质量的0.01%-80%,优选10-50%,最优选20-40%;所述的硫肽类抗生素胶体粒子的粒径为10-1000nm,优选80-800nm,最优选80-400nm。
其中,所述的稳定剂,其材质包括但不限于聚合物中的任意一种或几种的混合物。
其中,所述的聚合物包括但不限于乙酸纤维素偏苯三酸酯(CAT)、乙酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯(CAP)、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯(HPMCP)、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基纤维素乙酸酯(HPCAP)、醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯(HPMCAS)、邻苯二甲酸甲基纤维素乙酸酯(MCAP)和邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素乙酸酯(HPMCAP)中的任意一种或几种的混合物。优选邻苯二甲酸羟丙基纤维素乙酸酯(HPCAP)、醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯(HPMCAS)、邻苯二甲酸甲基纤维素乙酸酯(MCAP)、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素乙酸酯(HPMCAP),最优选醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯(HPMCAS)。
其中,所述的硫肽类抗生素为硫肽类抗生素HXSW-101及其糖基化衍生物(发明人前期专利CN112010924A)。
上述硫肽类抗生素组合物的制备方法,先将第一反应物与第二反应物混合,使得硫肽类抗生素沉淀形成胶体粒子;所得反应产物不经任何处理,与第三反应物进行混合;所得反应产物离心后弃去上清,与第四反应物混合;所得反应产物A和第五反应物在反应器1内混合,稳定剂沉积到硫肽类抗生素胶体粒子的表面,形成硫肽类抗生素组合物;
其中,所述的第一反应物为硫肽类抗生素和溶剂I两者形成的溶液,即溶剂I为硫肽类抗生素的良性溶剂;
所述的第二反应物为溶剂II,所述的溶剂II为硫肽类抗生素的不良溶剂;
所述的第三反应物为溶剂III,所述的溶剂III为硫肽类抗生素的不良溶剂;
所述的第四反应物为稳定剂和溶剂Ⅳ两者形成的溶液,即溶剂Ⅳ为稳定剂的良性溶剂;
所述的第五反应物为溶剂Ⅴ,所述的溶剂Ⅴ为硫肽类抗生素和稳定剂的不良溶剂;
所述的溶剂I、溶剂II和溶剂III三者互溶;
所述的溶剂Ⅳ和溶剂Ⅴ两者互溶;
在所述反应器1中,所述第五反应物的进入流量大于所得反应产物A的进入流量,以保证稳定剂的完全沉淀。
其中,所述的溶剂I为有机溶剂或含有机溶剂的水溶液;所述的溶剂II为有机溶剂、水或缓冲液;所述的溶剂III为有机溶剂、水或缓冲液;所述的溶剂Ⅳ为有机溶剂或含有机溶剂的水溶液;所述的溶剂Ⅴ为水或缓冲液。
其中,所述的缓冲液包括但不限于盐酸盐缓冲液、硼酸盐缓冲液、硝酸盐缓冲液、硫酸盐缓冲液、磷酸盐缓冲液、柠檬酸盐缓冲液、碳酸盐缓冲液、醋酸盐缓冲液、巴比妥酸盐缓冲液、Tris(三羟甲基氨基甲烷)缓冲液、2-(N-吗啡啉)乙磺酸(MES)缓冲液、羟乙基哌嗪乙硫磺酸(HEPES)缓冲液、氯化铵缓冲液、乙二胺缓冲液、Hank's缓冲液或三乙胺缓冲液。优选磷酸盐缓冲液、羟乙基哌嗪乙硫磺酸(HEPES)缓冲液、Hank's缓冲液或三乙胺缓冲液,最优选羟乙基哌嗪乙硫磺酸(HEPES)缓冲液或Hank's缓冲液。
其中,所述的有机溶剂包括但不限于甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇、异丙醇、1-丙醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、丁醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、2-丁氧基乙醇、甘油、甲基二乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、丙酮、乙腈、二乙烯三胺、二甲氧基乙烷、乙胺、二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、乙醛、吡啶、三甘醇、乙酸乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、二氯甲烷、环己烷、正辛醇或氯仿中的任意一种或几种的混合物。优选乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、乙腈、二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺或四氢呋喃,最优选乙醇、乙酸乙酯、二甲基亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺。
其中,所述的含有机溶剂的水溶液中,有机溶剂的浓度范围为2~80%(v/v)。优选50%乙醇溶液、70%乙醇溶液、2%二甲基亚砜溶液或5%二甲基亚砜溶液,最优选50%乙醇溶液或2%二甲基亚砜溶液。
其中,所述的第一反应器的停留时间为0.01~500s,优选0.05~100s,最优选0.1~10s。
反应产物A与第五反应物的流速可在1.0E-09m3/s到1.0E-04m3/s范围内进行调控。在低流速时,形成的组合物粒径较大,粒径分布较宽;在高流速时,形成的组合物粒径较小,粒径分布较窄。
本发明所述的良性溶剂是指1g溶质能在100ml以内的溶剂中完全溶解。
本发明所述的不良溶剂是指1g溶质需在1000ml以上溶剂中才可完全溶解。
本发明具有以下显著优势:
1、本发明的具有改良溶解度的硫肽类抗生素组合物,包括硫肽类抗生素胶体粒子和稳定剂,硫肽类抗生素HXSW-101及其糖基化衍生物可以胶体粒子形式分散于稳定剂中,形成组合物,显著提高了的溶解度,达到了治疗所需浓度。
2、本发明所述的第一种制备方法制备的组合物粒径分布较窄。与第一种制备方法相比较,本发明所述的第二种制备方法制备速度较快。
3、本发明所述硫肽类抗生素胶体粒子可作为药物或药物中间体,用于疾病的治疗或制备胶囊剂、片剂、混悬剂、颗粒剂、乳剂、膏剂等剂型。
4、本发明所用的增溶手段为物理方法,不改变药物的结构,操作方便,实用性强,且首次应用于硫肽类抗生素的增溶。
附图说明
图1为硫肽类抗生素HXSW-101组合物制备装置的示意图。
图2为硫肽类抗生素HXSW-101胶体粒子粒径分布图(n=3)。
图3为实施例2制备的HXSW-101组合物的偏光显微镜照片。
图4为实施例3制备的HXSW-101胶体粒子粒径分布图。(n=3)
图5为实施例3制备的HXSW-101组合物的偏光显微镜照片。
图6为在实施例3条件下制备的HXSW-101组合物在pH7.4 Hank's缓冲液中溶解前后照片。
图7为在实施例4条件下制备的HXSW-101组合物在pH7.4 Hank's缓冲液中溶解前后照片。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。然而,本领域的技术人员容易理解,实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例1胶体粒子的制备装置
如图1所示,本实施例公开了一种具有改良溶解度的HXSW-101组合物的制备装置,反应器1包括第一进口a、第二进口b以及出口c。所述第一进口a用于添加反应产物A,反应产物A通过第一进口a进入反应器;所述第二进口b用于添加第五反应物,第五反应物沿图1中第二进口b旁的箭头方向进入反应器;所述反应器1用于容纳反应产物A和第五反应物反应。
实施例2 HXSW-101胶体组合物1制备
本实施例公开了一种具有改良溶解度的HXSW-101组合物,L级醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯(LF)包裹的HXSW-101组合物的制备。
硫肽类抗生素HXSW-101(20mg/mL)的二甲基亚砜溶液作为第一反应物,乙醇和乙酸乙酯分别作为第二反应物和第三反应物。如图2所示,制备得到了粒径分布较窄的胶体粒子。所制得的胶体粒子1的平均粒径约为255nm,PI为0.1。LF(20mg/mL)的乙酸乙酯溶液作为第四反应物,水作为第五反应物。第四反应物和第五反应物的流速分别为2.8E-10和5.6E-9m3/s,流速比为1:20。如图3所示,可以看到形态较为圆整的胶体组合物1,平均粒径约为20μm。
与此同时,制备的组合物可以显著提高HXSW-101在水中的溶解度。将组合物在pH=7.4的Hank's缓冲液中溶解,由于LF的快速溶解,HXSW-101溶解度显著提高(表1)。
表1胶体组合物1中HXSW-101溶解度
实施例3 HXSW-101胶体组合物2制备
本实施例公开了一种具有改良溶解度的HXSW-101组合物,L级醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯(LF)包裹的HXSW-101组合物的制备。
HXSW-101(20mg/mL)的二甲基甲酰胺溶液作为第一反应物,水和磷酸盐缓冲液分别作为第二反应物和第三反应物。如图4所示,制备得到了粒径分布较窄的胶体粒子。所制得胶体粒子2的平均粒径约为194nm,PI为0.09。LF(20mg/mL)的乙酸乙酯溶液作为第四反应物,水作为第五反应物。第四反应物和第五反应物的流速分别为2.8E-10和5.6E-9m3/s,流速比为1:20。如图5所示,组合物的形态较为圆整,平均粒径约为20μm。如图6所示,可以看到溶解前后的组合物2。
与此同时,我们制备的组合物可以显著提高HXSW-101在水中的溶解度。将组合物在pH=7.4的Hank's缓冲液中溶解,由于LF的快速溶解,HXSW-101溶解度显著提高(表2)。
表2胶体组合物2中的HXSW-101溶解度
实施例4 HXSW-101胶体组合物的体外抗菌活性
选取致病菌60株,包括耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌10株(MRSE)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌10株(MRSA)、万古霉素中介耐药粪肠球菌10株、粪肠球菌10株、屎肠球菌10株、多重耐药艰难梭菌10株。采用平板稀释法制备含药平板,平板中药的浓度分别为16、8、4、2、1、0.5、0.25、0.125、0.0625、0.03125、0.0156、0.0078、0.0039μg/mL(注:上述浓度均为HXSW-101计)。将试验菌悬液接种至上述含药平板,倒置于35℃培养16小时,取出观察结果,记录生长状况,具体MIC50值见表5,所有HXSW-101胶体组合物的体外抗菌活性与HXSW-101无差别。
表5 HXSW-101及其胶体组合物的MIC50值
实施例7糖基化HXSW-101胶体组合物的体外抗菌活性
糖基化HXSW-101胶体组合物的抗菌活性测定的流程和方法同实施例6,具体MIC50值见表6,糖基化HXSW-101胶体组合物的体外抗菌活性与糖基化HXSW-101无差别。
表6糖基化HXSW-101及其胶体组合物的MIC50值
实施例8 HXSW-101胶体组合物的体内活性
复合物抗生素(庆大霉素0.035mg/ml、甲硝唑0.215mg/ml、多粘菌素0.042mg/ml、万古霉素0.045mg/ml、卡那霉素0.400mg/ml)连续给药C57BL/6小鼠5天,第6天给予克林霉素腹腔注射(10mg/kg,0.4ml)。给药组从第7天开始连续3天给予艰难梭菌菌液0.5ml灌胃,同时第7天开始连续给药5天,万古霉素为阳性对照药;模型组从第7天开始连续3天给予艰难梭菌菌液0.5ml灌胃,同时第7天开始灌胃空白基质。结果如表7所示,HXSW-101胶体组合物治疗艰难梭菌感染性腹泻的效果显著优于万古霉素。
表7小鼠腹泻比例(%)
注:胶体组合物3为实施例2所制备的HXSW-101胶体组合物,灌胃所用药物剂量以HXSW-101计。
Claims (9)
1.一种硫肽类抗生素组合物,其特征在于,它包括硫肽类抗生素的胶体粒子和稳定剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硫肽类抗生素组合物,其特征在于,所述的稳定剂为聚合物材料,包括乙酸纤维素偏苯三酸酯、乙酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基纤维素乙酸酯、醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯、邻苯二甲酸甲基纤维素乙酸酯和邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素乙酸酯中的任意一种或几种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的硫肽类抗生素组合物,其特征在于所述的硫肽类抗生素为硫肽类抗生素HXSW-101及其糖基化衍生物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的硫肽类抗生素组合物,其特征在于,其中硫肽类抗生素胶体粒子的质量占整个组合物质量的0.01‒80%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的硫肽类抗生素组合物,其特征在于,其中,所述的硫肽类抗生素胶体粒子粒径为10‒1000 nm。
6.根据权利要求1-5任意一种硫肽类抗生素组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,先将第一反应物与第二反应物混合,使得硫肽类抗生素沉淀形成胶体粒子;所得反应产物不经任何处理,与第三反应物进行混合;所得反应产物离心后弃去上清,与第四反应物混合;所得反应产物A和第五反应物在反应器内混合,稳定剂沉积到硫肽类抗生素胶体粒子的表面,形成硫肽类抗生素组合物;
其中,所述的第一反应物为硫肽类抗生素和溶剂I两者形成的溶液,即溶剂I为硫肽类抗生素的良性溶剂;
所述的第二反应物为溶剂II,所述的溶剂II为硫肽类抗生素的不良溶剂;
所述的第三反应物为溶剂III,所述的溶剂III为硫肽类抗生素的不良溶剂;
所述的第四反应物为稳定剂和溶剂Ⅳ两者形成的溶液,即溶剂Ⅳ为稳定剂的良性溶剂;
所述的第五反应物为溶剂Ⅴ,所述的溶剂Ⅴ为硫肽类抗生素和稳定剂的不良溶剂;
所述的溶剂I、溶剂II和溶剂III三者互溶;
所述的溶剂Ⅳ和溶剂Ⅴ两者互溶;
在所述反应器中,所述第五反应物的进入流量大于所得反应产物A的进入流量。
7.根据权利要求6硫肽类抗生素组合物的制备方法,其特征在于
所述的溶剂I为有机溶剂或含有机溶剂的水溶液;所述的溶剂II为有机溶剂、水或缓冲液;所述的溶剂III为有机溶剂、水或缓冲液;所述的溶剂Ⅳ为有机溶剂或含有机溶剂的水溶液;所述的溶剂Ⅴ为水或缓冲液;
所述的缓冲液包括盐酸盐缓冲液、硼酸盐缓冲液、硝酸盐缓冲液、硫酸盐缓冲液、磷酸盐缓冲液、柠檬酸盐缓冲液、碳酸盐缓冲液、醋酸盐缓冲液、巴比妥酸盐缓冲液、Tris(三羟甲基氨基甲烷)缓冲液、2-(N-吗啡啉)乙磺酸(MES)缓冲液、羟乙基哌嗪乙硫磺酸(HEPES)缓冲液、氯化铵缓冲液、乙二胺缓冲液、Hank's缓冲液或三乙胺缓冲液;
所述的有机溶剂包括甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇、异丙醇、1-丙醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、丁醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、2-丁氧基乙醇、甘油、甲基二乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、丙酮、乙腈、二乙烯三胺、二甲氧基乙烷、乙胺、二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、乙醛、吡啶、三甘醇、乙酸乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、二氯甲烷、环己烷、正辛醇或氯仿中的任意一种或几种的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的硫肽类抗生素组合物,其特征在于所述硫肽类抗生素组合物可作为药物中间体,用于制备胶囊剂、片剂、混悬剂、颗粒剂、乳剂、膏剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的硫肽类抗生素组合物在治疗革兰氏阳性菌感染疾病药物中的应用。
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