CN113527164A - 一种木鳖果果皮中叶黄素的提取方法 - Google Patents
一种木鳖果果皮中叶黄素的提取方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种木鳖果果皮中的活性成分提取极其产品性能优化的工艺,其提取工艺包括以下步骤:原料预处理,果皮粉碎,闪式提取,过滤,浓缩,纯化,微胶囊化,喷雾干燥得到性能稳定的叶黄素微胶囊产品。本发明工艺简单,成本低周期短,通过闪式提取器高效快速获得木鳖果果皮中的叶黄素,纯化工艺显著提高了叶黄素的品质,微胶囊化技术有效保证了叶黄素保存的稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工领域,具体涉及一种木鳖果果皮叶黄素分离纯化及胶囊化的方法。
背景技术
木鳖果为葫芦科苦瓜属草本植物,直径6~10 cm不等,形状近圆形或圆锥形,外被软质刺。果实结构分为种子、假种皮、果肉和果皮四部分。木鳖果的种子有药用价值,其果肉中含有76mg/g 的α – VE,假种皮中含有丰富的番茄红素和脂肪酸,均已进行充分的开发和利用。而对于占木鳖果鲜果质量7.1%的果皮一直被当成废弃物,据报道其中含有丰富的叶黄素,其含量约是 52.02mg/g,是假种皮中含量的8 倍。据报道叶黄素是一种广泛存在于花卉、蔬菜、水果中的天然植物色素,其具有抗氧化、减少癌症的发生和发展、增强人体免疫力和预防老年黄斑变性等作用。叶黄素作为一种天然的抗氧化剂和着色剂,在食品、化妆品、医药及饲料等方面得到广泛应用。故此发明的目的在于深入挖掘木鳖果中类胡萝卜素的特性、功能,并优化提取纯化工艺,充分利用果皮中的叶黄素,这能在一定程度上能够变废为宝,充分利用自然资源,也拓宽了叶黄素的获取途径。
此发明中采用的提取方式是闪式提取法,其通过闪式提取器的高速搅拌,振动,负压渗滤3种外力的最佳组合使有效成分从组织中渗透,释放、溶出并转移至所用溶剂,具有快速简便,室温提取,药材成分及溶剂成分适用范围广,节能降耗等优点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种木鳖果果皮叶黄素分离纯化及胶囊化的方法。该方法简单易行,高效快速,生产周期极短,纯化手段大大提高了产品的品质,由于叶黄素对光和热等不稳定,将叶黄素单体微胶囊化可使其更加稳定,具有市场开发前景。
木鳖果叶黄素产品的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料处理:新鲜木鳖果表面洗净后,将果皮刨离,然后使果皮在提取溶剂的冲淋下,使用粉碎机初步处理成1~3 cm 的果皮块;
(2)浸泡:将步骤(1)处理后的果皮直接放置浸泡0.5 h ~2 h;
(3)闪式提取:将步骤(2)处理后的果皮与不同浓度的乙醇、无水乙醚、三氯甲烷、石油醚、正己烷、丙酮、乙酸乙酯或它们的任意组合进行提取,提取时间为10 s~120 s,料液比为1 : (1~24),转速为1000 rpm~8000 rpm;
(4)过滤:将步骤(3)所得提取液抽滤得到澄清提取液和残渣;
(5)浓缩:将步骤(4)所得澄清提取液旋蒸浓缩2~20倍,得到叶黄素浓缩液;
(6) 纯化:将步骤(5)得到的浓缩液加碱皂化进行纯化;
(7)干燥:将步骤(6)得到的进行喷雾干燥法得到产品。
一些实施例中,步骤(1)和步骤(2)所述的溶剂为不同浓度的乙醇、无水乙醚、三氯甲烷、石油醚、正己烷、丙酮、乙酸乙酯或它们的任意组合。
一些实施例中,所述提取方式为闪式提取法。
一些实施例中,所述的纯化方式为加碱皂化方式,其最佳皂化剂是KOH-乙醇,皂化剂的浓度为3 mg/100 mL~10 mg/ 100 mL,皂化条件是100 W 条件下超声0.5 h~3.0 h,皂化温度20 ℃~60 ℃。
一些实施例中,所述的微胶囊化的壁材包括α-乳清蛋白、乳铁蛋白、变性淀粉、阿拉伯胶,蔗糖,乳化剂为琥珀酸单甘油酯, 芯壁比为1:(5~25),乳化剂添加量为0.1 %~0.5%,喷雾干燥的进口温度为150 ℃~190 ℃,出口温度为50 ℃~90 ℃,进料速度为300 mL /h~350 mL / h 。
本发明所取得的技术进步在于:
(1)本发明使用的原料为木鳖果的果皮,其占木鳖果鲜果质量的7.1 %且含有丰富的叶黄素,却没有得到充分的开发,一直被当成下脚料抛弃,造成了极大地资源浪费,本发明实现了资源的合理利用,变废为宝。
(2)本发明使用提取方式为闪式提取,其能够最大限度地保存木鳖果果皮中的活性成分,规模可调,成本低效率高,生产周期短。
(3)本发明原料处理时,使果皮在90 %~95 %酒精的冲淋下,使用粉碎机处理成1~3cm 的果皮块并进行浸泡,极大地提高了后续闪提的效率。
(4)本发明将提取后浓缩的叶黄素进行加碱皂化处理,大大增加了其亲水性,这种亲水型分子结构,这为其进行微胶囊化处理从而生产出性能稳定的叶黄素产品奠定了基础。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本发明为木鳖果叶黄素产品的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料处理:取2公斤新鲜木鳖果表面洗净后,将果皮刨离,然后使果皮在适量溶剂的冲淋下,使用粉碎机初步处理成1~3 cm 的果皮块;
(2)浸泡:将步骤(1)处理后的果皮用适量提取溶剂浸泡0.5 h ~2 h;
(3)闪式提取:将步骤(2)处理后的果皮按料液比为1:4加入不同浓度的乙醇(90 %,95%和无水乙醇),提取时间为60s,转速为6000 rpm;
(4)过滤:将步骤(3)所得提取液抽滤得到澄清提取液和残渣;
(5)浓缩:将步骤(4)所得澄清提取液旋蒸浓缩20倍,得到叶黄素浓缩液;
(6) 纯化:将步骤(5)得到的浓缩液加入KOH-乙醇,皂化剂的浓度为3 mg/100 mL,皂化条件是100 W 条件下超声0.5 h,皂化温度40 ℃;
(7)干燥:将(6)得到叶黄素单体作为芯材,将α-乳清蛋白,阿拉伯胶,变性淀粉(1:0.5:1)作为壁材,并加入0.3 % 的琥珀酸单甘油酯作为乳化剂进行微胶囊化后,最后通过喷雾干燥法得到产品。
实施例2
本发明为木鳖果叶黄素产品的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料处理:取2公斤新鲜木鳖果表面洗净后,将果皮刨离,将其处理成2~3 cm小块后,摊平放置于60℃鼓风干燥箱中干燥2h,得到干原料备用;
(2)浸泡:将步骤(1)处理后的干原料用提取溶剂浸泡0.5 h ~2 h;
(3)闪式提取:将步骤(2)处理后的原料按1:8的料液比加入复合提取剂(无水乙醇:丙酮:乙酸为乙酯2:1:2),提取时间为120s,转速为6000 rpm;
(4)过滤:将步骤(3)所得提取液抽滤得到澄清提取液和残渣;
(5)浓缩:将步骤(4)所得澄清提取液旋蒸浓缩20倍,得到叶黄素浓缩液;
(6) 纯化:将步骤(5)得到的浓缩液加入KOH-乙醇,皂化剂的浓度为3 mg/100 mL,皂化条件是100 W 条件下超声0.5 h,皂化温度40 ℃;
(7)干燥:将步骤(6)得到叶黄素单体作为芯材,将α-乳清蛋白,阿拉伯胶,变性淀粉(1:0.5:1)作为壁材,并加入0.3 % 的琥珀酸单甘油酯作为乳化剂进行微胶囊化后,最后通过喷雾干燥法得到产品。
实施例3
本发明为木鳖果叶黄素产品的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料处理:取2公斤新鲜木鳖果表面洗净后,将果皮刨离,将其处理成2~3 cm小块后,进行冷冻干燥处理,制得干原料备用;
(2)浸泡:将步骤(1)处理后的干原料用适量提取溶剂浸泡0.5 h ~2 h;
(3)闪式提取:将步骤(2)处理后的原料按1:8的料液比加入乙酸为乙酯,提取时间为120s,转速为6000 rpm;
(4)过滤:将(3)所得提取液抽滤得到澄清提取液和残渣;
(5)浓缩:将(4)所得澄清提取液旋蒸浓缩20倍,得到叶黄素浓缩液,提取溶剂进行回收利用;
(6) 纯化:将(5)得到的浓缩液加入KOH-乙醇,皂化剂的浓度为3 mg/100 mL,皂化条件是100 W 条件下超声0.5 h,皂化温度40 ℃;
(7)干燥:将(6)得到叶黄素单体作为芯材,将α-乳清蛋白,阿拉伯胶,变性淀粉(1:0.5:1)作为壁材,并加入0.3 % 的琥珀酸单甘油酯作为乳化剂进行微胶囊化后,最后通过喷雾干燥法得到产品。
以上公开的本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。优选实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节,也不限制该发明仅为所述的具体实施方式。显然,根据本说明书的内容,可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例,是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用,从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地理解和利用本发明。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。
Claims (5)
1.木鳖果叶黄素产品的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料处理:新鲜木鳖果表面洗净后,将果皮刨离,然后使果皮在提取溶剂的冲淋下,使用粉碎机初步处理成1~3 cm 的果皮块;
(2)浸泡:将步骤(1))处理后的果皮直接放置浸泡0.5 h ~2 h;
(3)闪式提取:将步骤(2)处理后的果皮与不同浓度的乙醇、无水乙醚、三氯甲烷、石油醚、正己烷、丙酮、乙酸乙酯或它们的任意组合进行提取,提取时间为10 s~120 s,料液比为1 : (1~24),转速为1000 rpm~8000 rpm;
(4)过滤:将步骤(3)所得提取液抽滤得到澄清提取液和残渣;
(5)浓缩:将步骤(4)所得澄清提取液旋蒸浓缩2~20倍,得到叶黄素浓缩液;
(6) 纯化:将步骤(5)得到的浓缩液加碱皂化进行纯化;
(7)干燥:将步骤(6)得到的进行喷雾干燥法得到产品。
2.如权利要求1所述的木鳖果叶黄素的提取工艺,其特征在于,步骤(1)和步骤(2)所述的溶剂为不同浓度的乙醇、无水乙醚、三氯甲烷、石油醚、正己烷、丙酮、乙酸乙酯或它们的任意组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的木鳖果果皮叶黄素的提取工艺,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述提取方式为闪式提取法。
4. 如权利要求1所述的木鳖果果皮叶黄素的提取工艺,其特征在于,步骤(6)中初步纯化方式为加碱皂化方式,其最佳皂化剂是KOH-乙醇,皂化剂的浓度为3 mg/100 mL~10 mg/100 mL,皂化条件是100 W 条件下超声0.5 h~3.0 h,皂化温度20 ℃~60 ℃。
5. 如权利要求1所述的木鳖果果皮叶黄素的提取工艺,其特征在于,步骤(7)中微胶囊化的壁材包括α-乳清蛋白、乳铁蛋白、变性淀粉、阿拉伯胶,蔗糖,乳化剂为琥珀酸单甘油酯, 芯壁比为1:(5~25),乳化剂添加量为0.1 %~0.5 %,喷雾干燥的进口温度为150 ℃~190℃,出口温度为50 ℃~90 ℃,进料速度为300 mL / h~350 mL / h 。
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