CN113524829A - 一种全降解除草地膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种全降解除草地膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113524829A CN113524829A CN202110335134.9A CN202110335134A CN113524829A CN 113524829 A CN113524829 A CN 113524829A CN 202110335134 A CN202110335134 A CN 202110335134A CN 113524829 A CN113524829 A CN 113524829A
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- parts
- film
- starch
- mulching film
- fully
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2403/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08J2451/06—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种全降解除草地膜及其制备方法,该地膜包括外层膜和内层膜,其外层膜原料包括如下重量份数的各组分:50‑90份生物降解树脂、5‑30份淀粉、5‑20份碳酸钙和0.5‑3份苗后除草剂;内层膜原料包括如下重量份数的各组分:40‑90份生物降解树脂、5‑45份造纸废弃物、5‑15份碳酸钙和1‑5份封闭除草剂。制备方法包括如下步骤:外/内膜的原料混合、挤出,后经双层共挤吹膜制得。本发明方法制备的生物基地膜绿色环保,可有效去除杂草、提高作物产量;且具有良好的稳定性、抗冲击性能、抗拉性能以及延伸率,同时原料来源广泛,价格低廉,易得,实现资源的高效利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及降解复合材料领域,具体涉及一种全降解除草地膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统的普通地膜以聚乙烯为主,其稳定性极高,但降解速度缓慢,降解时间长达200-400年,随着不可降解膜的大量使用,每年都会有大量的残膜留在地表土壤中。农膜残留于土壤中,土壤的腐殖质分解及通气透水性受到影响,导致土壤结构受到的破坏,残留量越大这种破坏性就越强。由于残膜影响和土壤理化性状的破坏,影响肥力,阻止根系串通,影响作物正常生长,致使产量下降。因此,开发研制全降解的塑料来代替石油基塑料势在必行。
淀粉具有来源广泛、价格低廉、安全无害的优点,且为可再生资源,借助土壤中淀粉酶的作用,使地膜降解破坏。碳酸钙填充到树脂中,可降低产品成本,在自然环境中易光氧降解,是用以替代石油基塑料的良好原料。
据统计,制浆造纸工业每年要从植物中分离出大约1.4亿吨纤维素,同时得到大量的造纸废弃物,但迄今为止,超过95%的造纸废弃物仍直接排入江河或浓缩后烧掉,很少得到有效利用,造成资源的浪费和环境的污染。
因此,本领域亟需开发一种原料来广泛,成本低,实现资源的高效利用,且力学性能优异、易于加工合成,制得产品可有效去除杂草,提高作物产量,同时绿色环保可完全降解。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中地膜在自然界中降解速度慢,对环境及作物影响较大;造纸工业中产生的造纸废弃物的利用度低。采用本发明制得的生物基除草地膜可有效去除杂草,提高作物产量,具有良好抗冲击性能,抗拉性能以及延伸率;且原料来源广泛,价格低廉,易得,绿色环保,实现资源的高效利用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种全降解除草地膜,其外层膜原料包括如下重量份数的各组分:50-90份生物降解树脂、5-35份淀粉、5-15份碳酸钙、2-12份助剂、0.5-3份苗后除草剂;
内层膜原料包括如下重量份数的各组分:40-90份生物降解树脂、5-45份造纸废弃物、5-15份碳酸钙、2-15份助剂、1-5份封闭除草剂。
优选地,所述外层膜由生物降解树脂、淀粉、碳酸钙、助剂、苗后除草剂,将各组分充分混匀后,挤出造粒;内层膜由生物降解树脂、造纸废弃物、碳酸钙、助剂、封闭除草剂,将各组分充分混匀后,挤出造粒,最后2组配方粒子经双层共挤吹膜成型。
优选地,所述生物降解树脂主要为聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚乳酸,所述助剂包括相容剂、交联剂、增塑剂、分散剂、除草剂。
优选地,所述淀粉为食用级玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、木薯淀粉中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述造纸废弃物为木质素、腐浆、浆渣、木皮、制浆废液提取物和含硅白泥中的一种或多种,是造纸过程中产生的废弃物经清洗、烘干、粉碎和筛分所得。
优选地,所述淀粉的粒径在500-3000目之间;所述造纸废弃物的粒径在800-5000目之间。
优选地,所述相容剂包括有于马来酸酐接枝PBAT;交联剂包括有DCP、BPO、钛酸酯等;所述增塑剂包括有TBC、ATBC、DOP、甘油、山梨醇、木糖醇、丙三醇、环氧大豆油、白油、聚乙二醇等;所述分散剂包括有于硬脂酸、硬脂酸丁酯、油酰胺、乙撑双硬脂酰胺等;封闭除草剂包括有乙草胺、莠去津、异丙草胺、敌草胺;苗后除草剂包括有喹禾灵、精喹禾灵、禾草灵、吡氟禾草灵、恶唑禾草灵、精恶唑禾草灵。
优选地,所述助剂的重量份数如下:相容剂1-8份、交联剂0.5-3份、增塑剂1-5份、分散剂0.5-3份。
优选地,包括如下步骤:
步骤一,将所述生物降解树脂、淀粉、碳酸钙、助剂、混合均匀,加入同向双螺杆挤出机料仓,挤出造粒制得PBAT—淀粉母粒;
步骤二,所述生物降解树脂、造纸废弃物、碳酸钙、助剂混合均匀,加入同向双螺杆挤出机料仓,挤出造粒制得PBAT—造纸废弃物母粒;
步骤三,将上述两组母粒经双层共挤吹膜成型,制得所述生物基塑料地膜。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
1)本发明中,生物基除草地膜制备主要原料来源广泛,可生物降解,工艺路线简单,产品绿色环保,且具有良好的稳定性、抗冲击性能,抗拉性能以及延伸率。
2)本发明中,制备地膜的主要原料(例如,淀粉、碳酸钙和造纸废弃物)的来源广泛,价格低廉;淀粉、造纸废弃物的使用实现了资源的高效利用,保护环境,其是未来石油基塑料的良好替代品。
3)地膜在光热降解过程中,添加的除草剂发挥作用,抑制杂草的萌发及生长,同时造纸废弃物加入生物降解树脂,膜呈棕色,不需要额外添加色母,可有效去除花生周边杂草,进而提高作物的产量与品质。
4)淀粉添加到热塑性生物降解树脂树脂里,借助土壤中淀粉酶的作用,使地膜加快降解;碳酸钙填充到树脂中,加快地膜在自然环境中光氧降解;造纸废弃物加入生物降解树脂,在光照、温度等影响下,加快分子变为低分子化合物,且可自行降解,对缓解白色污染以及土壤的保护起到了很好的促进的作用。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
本发明中,所述造纸废弃物可为造纸领域在造纸过程中常规产生的废弃物经清洗、烘干、粉碎和筛分所得。
其中,所述造纸过程中产生的废弃物可为腐浆、浆渣、木皮、制浆废液提取物和含硅白泥中的一种或多种,较佳地为腐浆、浆渣、木皮或制浆废液提取物。
其中,所述制浆废液提取物可参照发明专利CN102587179B制得,具体地为:(a)选取桉木片并进行预气蒸;(b)按照桉木片与水的质量比为1:(3-10)的比例,用泵将桉木片的水溶液打到独立连续水解塔顶部,桉木片水解反应时间1-4h,反应温度120-180℃,预水解反应之后将水解液从水解塔下部抽提出;(c)采用硫酸盐法对水解后的桉木片进行蒸煮,蒸煮条件如下:水解后的桉木片在蒸煮锅顶部匀速加入,基于桉木片绝干量为以NaOH计16%-24%的有效碱,有效碱的硫化度为20-40%,蒸煮温度为140-170℃,桉木片与水的质量比为1:(3-6),蒸煮时间为1-4h,收集溶解浆后,水解塔中剩余的物质经过滤,得制浆废液提取物。
其中,所述腐浆可为造纸领域造纸过程中,纸浆流经造纸机网部系统各种管路及设备时聚集成沉积物,细菌和霉菌在所述沉积物中生长和繁殖后形成的物料。
其中,所述浆渣为造纸领域造纸过程中,纸浆经过滤,筛分,净化,分离出良浆后剩余物料。
其中,所述造纸废弃物的粒径可为小于等于5000目,较佳地为100-5000目,更佳地为100-2000目。
本发明中,所述助剂可为本领域常规使用的助剂,较佳地为相容剂、交联剂、增塑剂和分散剂中的一种或多种,更佳地为“相容剂、交联剂、增塑剂和分散剂的混合物”、“交联剂、增塑剂和分散剂的混合物”或“相容剂、增塑剂和分散剂的混合物”。
其中,所述增塑剂可为本领域常规使用的增塑剂,较佳地为TBC(柠檬酸三丁酯)、ATBC(乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯)、DOP、甘油、环氧大豆油、白油和聚乙二醇中的一种或多种,PBAT—淀粉母粒更佳地为甘油、山梨醇或木糖醇;PBAT—造纸废弃物母粒更佳地为ATBC、TBC或甘油。
其中,所述交联剂可为本领域常规使用的交联剂,较佳地为DCP(过氧化二异丙苯)、BPO(过氧化苯甲酰)和钛酸酯中的一种或多种,更佳地为DCP或钛酸酯。
其中,所述分散剂可为本领域常规使用的分散剂,较佳地为硬脂酸、硬脂酸丁酯、油酰胺和乙撑双硬脂酰胺中的一种或多种,更佳地为硬脂酸或油酰胺。
其中,所述相容剂可为本领域常规使用的相容剂,较佳地为马来酸酐接枝PBAT。
上述各助剂以质量份计为:相容剂1-5份、交联剂0.5-3份、增塑剂1-5份、分散剂0.5-3份;较佳地为相容剂1-4份、交联剂1-2.5份、增塑剂1.5-4份、分散剂1-2.5份;更佳地为相容剂2-3份、交联剂1.5-2份、增塑剂2-3份、分散剂1.5-2份。
其中,封闭除草剂较佳地为于乙草胺、莠去津、异丙草胺、敌草胺,更佳的为乙草胺、莠去津;苗后除草剂较佳地为喹禾灵、精喹禾灵、禾草灵、吡氟禾草灵、恶唑禾草灵、精恶唑禾草灵,更佳地为喹禾灵、精喹禾灵。
本发明还提供了一种生物基除草地膜的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤一,将所述生物降解树脂、淀粉、碳酸钙、助剂、苗后除草剂混合均匀,加入同向双螺杆挤出机料仓,挤出造粒制得PBAT—淀粉母粒;
步骤二,所述生物降解树脂、造纸废弃物、碳酸钙、助剂、封闭除草剂混合均匀,加入同向双螺杆挤出机料仓,挤出造粒制得PBAT—造纸废弃物母粒;
步骤三,将所述两组母粒双层共挤吹膜成型,制得所述生物基除草地膜。
其中,步骤一的混合时间为20min-700min,较佳地为80-500min,更佳地为100-300min;混料转速为10-4000rpm,较佳地为300-3000rpm,更佳地为400-1000rpm;混料温度可以根据需要设置不同温度,一般为10-120℃,较佳地为40-120℃,更佳地为50-80℃。挤出条件为一区到六区温度50-170℃,机头温度120-195℃,转速为30-600rpm;较佳地,一区到六区温度80-150℃,机头温度130-185℃,转速100-500rpm;更佳地,一区到六区温度120-150℃,机头温度155-185℃,转速130-280rpm。
其中,步骤二的混合时间为10min-1000min,较佳地为50-900min,更佳地为60-500min;混料转速为10-5000rpm,较佳地为100-3000rpm,更佳地为150-2000rpm;混料温度可以根据需要设置不同温度,一般为20-120℃,较佳地为30-110℃,更佳地为50-100℃。挤出条件为一区到六区温度60-170℃,机头温度120-180℃,转速为30-600rpm;较佳地,一区到六区温度85-160℃,机头温度130-175℃,转速60-500rpm;更佳地,一区到六区温度110-160℃,机头温度160-170℃,转速120-350rpm。
其中,步骤三的吹膜制袋温度为120-200℃,较佳地为130-190℃,更佳地为140-170℃。
在符合本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
实施例1
一、PBAT—淀粉母粒的制备
外层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表1。淀粉的粒径为1000-1500目。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为115℃,混合的转速为300rpm,混合的时间为90min,得到初混物1;
将上述初混物1置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为100℃、120℃、140℃、162℃、165℃和165℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为165℃,螺杆的转速为300rpm。
二、PBAT—造纸废弃物母粒的制备
内层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表1。造纸废弃物为木质素提取物经清洗、烘干、粉碎和过筛,即得。造纸废弃物的粒径为1000-1800目。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为70℃,混合的转速为300rpm,混合的时间为70min,得到初混物2;
将上述初混物2置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为120℃、140℃、140℃、162℃、165℃和165℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为170℃,螺杆的转速为350rpm;
将上述制得的2组母粒放入双层共挤吹膜机中进行吹膜成型,吹膜成型的温度为175℃,制得生物基除草地膜。
表1
实施例2
一、PBAT—淀粉母粒的制备
外层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表2。淀粉的粒径为600-1200目。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为100℃,混合的转速为100rpm,混合的时间为100min,得到初混物1;
将上述初混物1置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为90℃、135℃、160℃、165℃、170℃和170℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为170℃,螺杆的转速为220rpm。
二、PBAT—造纸废弃物母粒的制备
内层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表1。造纸废弃物为木皮经清洗、烘干、粉碎和过筛,即得。造纸废弃物的粒径为600-1000目。
将的原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为70℃,混合的转速为300rpm,混合的时间为300min,得到初混物2;
将上述初混物2置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为130℃、145℃、160℃、165℃、170℃和170℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为170℃,螺杆的转速为270rpm;
将上述制得的2组母粒放入双层共挤吹膜机中进行吹膜成型,吹膜成型的温度为170℃,制得生物基除草地膜。
表2
实施例3
一、PBAT—淀粉母粒的制备
外层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表3。淀粉的粒径为300-1200目。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为90℃,混合的转速为400rpm,混合的时间为80min,得到初混物1;
将上述初混物1置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为120℃、145℃、155℃、170℃、175℃和175℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为175℃,螺杆的转速为190rpm。
二、PBAT—造纸废弃物母粒的制备
内层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表1。造纸废弃物为木质素经清洗、烘干、粉碎和过筛,即得。造纸废弃物的粒径为500-1500目。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为60℃,混合的转速为300rpm,混合的时间为300min,得到初混物2;
将上述初混物2置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为120℃、145℃、160℃、170℃、178℃和178℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为175℃,螺杆的转速为220rpm;
将上述制得的2组母粒放入双层共挤吹膜机中进行吹膜成型,吹膜成型的温度为178℃,制得生物基除草地膜。
表3
实施例4
一、PBAT—淀粉母粒的制备
外层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表4。淀粉的粒径为750-1500目。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为120℃,混合的转速为320rpm,混合的时间为80min,得到初混物1;
将上述初混物1置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为120℃、135℃、145℃、165℃、170℃和175℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为175℃,螺杆的转速为280rpm。
二、PBAT—造纸废弃物母粒的制备
内层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表1。造纸废弃物为腐浆经清洗、烘干、粉碎和过筛,即得。造纸废弃物的粒径为750-1000目。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为55℃,混合的转速为800rpm,混合的时间为600min,得到初混物2;
将上述初混物2置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为110℃、135℃、140℃、165℃、175℃和175℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为175℃,螺杆的转速为300rpm;
将上述制得的2组母粒放入双层共挤吹膜机中进行吹膜成型,吹膜成型的温度为165℃,制得生物基除草地膜。
表4
实施例5
一、PBAT—淀粉母粒的制备
外层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表5。淀粉的粒径为300-750目。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为60℃,混合的转速为300rpm,混合的时间为90min,得到初混物1;
将上述初混物1置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为150℃、155℃、170℃、175℃、180℃和185℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为175℃,螺杆的转速为230rpm。
二、PBAT—造纸废弃物母粒的制备
内层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表1。造纸废弃物为浆渣经清洗、烘干、粉碎和过筛,即得。造纸废弃物的粒径为400-750目。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为40℃,混合的转速为600rpm,混合的时间为220min,得到初混物2;
将上述初混物2置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为140℃、165℃、165℃、170℃、170℃和175℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为175℃,螺杆的转速为230rpm;
将上述制得的2组母粒放入双层共挤吹膜机中进行吹膜成型,吹膜成型的温度为160℃,制得生物基除草地膜。
表5
实施例6
一、PBAT—淀粉母粒的制备
外层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表6。淀粉的粒径为500-2000目。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为140℃,混合的转速为320rpm,混合的时间为110min,得到初混物1;
将上述初混物1置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为150℃、155℃、160℃、165℃、165℃和165℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为165℃,螺杆的转速为130rpm。
二、PBAT—造纸废弃物母粒的制备
内层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表1。造纸废弃物为制浆废液提取物经清洗、烘干、粉碎和过筛,即得。造纸废弃物的粒径为500-2000目。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为105℃,混合的转速为80rpm,混合的时间为450min,得到初混物2;
将上述初混物2置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为140℃、155℃、160℃、165℃、165℃和165℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为165℃,螺杆的转速为280rpm;
将上述制得的2组母粒放入双层共挤吹膜机中进行吹膜成型,吹膜成型的温度为165℃,制得生物基除草地膜。
表6
对比例1
一、PBAT—淀粉母粒的制备
外层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表7。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为80℃,混合的转速为300rpm,混合的时间为80min,得到初混物1;
将上述初混物1置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为90℃、135℃、140℃、145℃、155℃和165℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为165℃,螺杆的转速为200rpm。
二、PBAT—造纸废弃物母粒的制备
内层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表1。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为100℃,混合的转速为500rpm,混合的时间为120min,得到初混物2;
将上述初混物2置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为80℃、115℃、130℃、145℃、155℃和165℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为165℃,螺杆的转速为280rpm;
将上述制得的2组母粒放入双层共挤吹膜机中进行吹膜成型,吹膜成型的温度为160℃,制得生物基除草地膜。
表7
对比例2
一、PBAT—淀粉母粒的制备
外层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表8。淀粉的粒径为800-1500目。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为100℃,混合的转速为400pm,混合的时间为110min,得到初混物1;
将上述初混物1置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为160℃、165℃、170℃、175℃、175℃和180℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为185℃,螺杆的转速为165rpm。
二、PBAT—造纸废弃物母粒的制备
内层膜的原料组合物中各组分的种类和用量见表9。造纸废弃物为木皮经清洗、烘干、粉碎和过筛,即得。造纸废弃物的粒径为800-1500目。
将原料组合物加入高速共混机中混合,混合的温度为60℃,混合的转速为2000rpm,混合的时间为1000min,得到初混物2;
将上述初混物2置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出塑化、造粒,制得母粒;双螺杆挤出机从一区到六区的温度分别为160℃、165℃、170℃、175℃、175℃和170℃;双螺杆挤出机的机头温度为185℃,螺杆的转速为170rpm;
将上述制得的2组母粒放入双层共挤吹膜机中进行吹膜成型,吹膜成型的温度为190℃,制得生物基除草地膜。
表8
按照国标GB/T1040.2-2006中方法将实施例1-6和对比例1-2吹膜成型前的母粒制成形状为哑铃型,长度为150mm,窄部宽度为10mm,标距为75mm的待测样条,按照国标GB/T1040.1-2006,采用万能电子拉力试验机(KY8000C型)检测上述样条的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,地膜开始裂解时间,划分依据为自然裂缝≤2cm;花生荚果产量按小区测产进行检测,具体数据如表9所示。
表9
通过结果可以看出,生物基地膜力学性能优于对比例1和2的力学性能,且提高了花生的产量,能满足使用要求。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护的范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (9)
1.一种全降解除草地膜,其特征在于:其外层膜原料包括如下重量份数的各组分:50-90份生物降解树脂、5-35份淀粉、5-15份碳酸钙、2-12份助剂、0.5-3份苗后除草剂;
内层膜原料包括如下重量份数的各组分:40-90份生物降解树脂、5-45份造纸废弃物、5-15份碳酸钙、2-15份助剂、1-5份封闭除草剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种全降解除草地膜,其特征在于:所述外层膜由生物降解树脂、淀粉、碳酸钙、助剂、苗后除草剂,将各组分充分混匀后,挤出造粒;所述内层膜由生物降解树脂、造纸废弃物、碳酸钙、助剂、封闭除草剂,将各组分充分混匀后,挤出造粒,最后2组配方粒子经双层共挤吹膜成型。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种全降解除草地膜,其特征在于:所述生物降解树脂主要为聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚乳酸,所述助剂包括相容剂、交联剂、增塑剂、分散剂、除草剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种全降解除草地膜,其特征在于:所述淀粉为食用级玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、木薯淀粉中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种全降解除草地膜,其特征在于:所述造纸废弃物为木质素、腐浆、浆渣、木皮、制浆废液提取物和含硅白泥中的一种或多种,是造纸过程中产生的废弃物经清洗、烘干、粉碎和筛分所得。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种全降解除草地膜,其特征在于:所述淀粉的粒径在500-3000目之间;所述造纸废弃物的粒径在800-5000目之间。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种全降解除草地膜,其特征在于,所述相容剂包括有于马来酸酐接枝PBAT;交联剂包括有DCP、BPO、钛酸酯等;所述增塑剂包括有TBC、ATBC、DOP、甘油、山梨醇、木糖醇、丙三醇、环氧大豆油、白油、聚乙二醇等;所述分散剂包括有于硬脂酸、硬脂酸丁酯、油酰胺、乙撑双硬脂酰胺等;封闭除草剂包括有乙草胺、莠去津、异丙草胺、敌草胺;苗后除草剂包括有喹禾灵、精喹禾灵、禾草灵、吡氟禾草灵、恶唑禾草灵、精恶唑禾草灵。
8.如权利要求2所述的一种全降解除草地膜,其特征在于:所述助剂的重量份数如下:相容剂1-8份、交联剂0.5-3份、增塑剂1-5份、分散剂0.5-3份。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的一种全降解除草地膜及其制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
步骤一,将所述生物降解树脂、淀粉、碳酸钙、助剂、混合均匀,加入同向双螺杆挤出机料仓,挤出造粒制得PBAT—淀粉母粒;
步骤二,所述生物降解树脂、造纸废弃物、碳酸钙、助剂混合均匀,加入同向双螺杆挤出机料仓,挤出造粒制得PBAT—造纸废弃物母粒;
步骤三,将上述两组母粒经双层共挤吹膜成型,制得所述生物基塑料地膜。
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CN115386206B (zh) * | 2022-09-23 | 2024-02-13 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 一种吹塑用树脂、其制备方法与吹塑薄膜 |
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