CN113519562A - Method for preparing botanical insecticide by taking rabdosia tomentosa as raw material - Google Patents

Method for preparing botanical insecticide by taking rabdosia tomentosa as raw material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113519562A
CN113519562A CN202110853566.9A CN202110853566A CN113519562A CN 113519562 A CN113519562 A CN 113519562A CN 202110853566 A CN202110853566 A CN 202110853566A CN 113519562 A CN113519562 A CN 113519562A
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tomentosa
isodon
soapberry
preparing
rabdosia
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CN113519562B (en
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孙月华
刘天雷
从春蕾
黄易安
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Anshun University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a botanical insecticide by taking rabdosia tomentosa as a raw material, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing materials: collecting fresh Isodon japonicus and soapberry, cleaning, and airing for later use; (2) drying and crushing: placing the aired isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a dryer for drying, and then respectively placing in a crusher for crushing; (3) extracting active ingredients of the soapberry: mixing the soapberry powder with an organic solvent and then extracting; (4) extracting active ingredients of the rabdosia villosa: mixing the rabdosia villosa powder with an organic solvent and then extracting; (5) preparing the insecticide: mixing 8-15g of fructus Sapindi Mukouossi extract, 8-15g of Rabdosia trichocarpa extract, 0.05-0.15ml of Tween-80 and 95-100ml of purified water, and stirring to obtain the pesticide. The preparation method is simple and convenient, and the prepared insecticide has good insecticidal effect and can be used in tea gardens to effectively reduce the indexes of pesticide residues in tea leaves.

Description

Method for preparing botanical insecticide by taking rabdosia tomentosa as raw material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticide preparations, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a botanical pesticide by taking rabdosia villosa as a raw material.
Background
The construction of the ecological tea garden is a great trend responding to the national ecological civilization strategy, the current tea production gradually takes the reduction of pesticide residues and the green prevention and control as the main development direction, but because the application amount of chemical pesticides is more in the last years, the drug resistance of pests in the tea garden is enhanced, most pests inhabit or are covered by wax and mesochite, and the main pests are changed from a chewing type to a juice absorption type, higher requirements are provided for the prevention and control measures of the tea garden. In recent years, with the development of organic tea, the application amount of chemical pesticides is greatly reduced, and the serious pests gradually evolve from lepidoptera pests into leafhoppers, whiteflies and thrips, so that the damage degree is more violent and rampant. The method is mainly used for preventing and treating the types of the pests with higher pest degrees, preferably takes biological prevention and treatment, physical prevention and treatment and biological pesticide prevention and treatment, and plays the role of ecological automatic regulation and control of the tea garden as far as possible. However, the current botanical pesticide has a non-obvious pest evasion effect and has poor insect prevention and killing effects.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing a botanical pesticide by taking rabdosia villosa as a raw material.
A method for preparing botanical insecticide by taking rabdosia tomentosa as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: collecting fresh Isodon japonicus and soapberry, cleaning, and airing for later use;
(2) drying and crushing: drying the aired isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a dryer, respectively placing the dried isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a crusher to crush the isodon tomentosa and the soapberry, and then sieving the crushed isodon tomentosa and the soapberry with a 20-mesh sieve;
(3) extracting active ingredients of the soapberry: mixing the soapberry powder and an organic solvent according to a ratio of 1:10, extracting, filtering, concentrating the filtrate in a rotary evaporator to obtain an extract, and storing at the temperature of 3-5 ℃ for later use;
(4) extracting active ingredients of the rabdosia villosa: mixing the rabdosia villosa powder and an organic solvent according to the proportion of 1:10, extracting, filtering, concentrating the filtrate in a rotary evaporator to obtain an extract, and storing at the temperature of 3-5 ℃ for later use;
(5) preparing the insecticide: mixing 8-15g of fructus Sapindi Mukouossi extract, 8-15g of Rabdosia trichocarpa extract, 0.05-0.15ml of Tween-80 and 95-100ml of purified water, and stirring to obtain the pesticide.
In order to ensure that the cleaning is clean and the epidermis tissues of the Isodon tomentosa and the soapberry are not damaged, the cleaning in the step (1) is to respectively place the fresh Isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a cleaning machine for stirring and cleaning once and then cleaning once again by using flowing water, and the flowing speed of the flowing water is 5-15L/min.
In order to fully extract the active ingredients in the soapberry, the organic solvent in the step (3) is one of ethyl acetate, n-hexane and petroleum ether.
In order to fully extract the active ingredients in the isodon tomentosa, the organic solvent in the step (4) is one of acetone, n-hexane and petroleum ether.
In order to improve the extraction rate, the extraction method in the step (3) and the step (4) adopts a microwave-assisted method, namely, the mixed solution is placed in a microwave oven for 10 seconds, then is taken out, is placed in cold water for cooling, then is continuously placed in the microwave oven for 10 seconds, and the steps are repeated for 5 times. And (4) the power of a microwave oven in the extraction process in the step (3) and the step (4) is 480W.
In order to obtain the best insecticidal effect, when the insecticide is prepared in the step (5), 10g of soapberry extract, 10g of downy rabdosia extract, 0.1ml of tween-80 and 99.9ml of purified water are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain the insecticide.
Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the botanical insecticide by taking the rabdosia villosa as the raw material has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method is simple and convenient, and the prepared insecticide has good insecticidal effect and can be used in tea gardens to effectively reduce the indexes of pesticide residues in tea leaves.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It is to be noted that the term "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example 1
A method for preparing botanical insecticide by taking rabdosia tomentosa as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: collecting fresh isodon tomentosa and soapberry, cleaning, airing for later use, and in order to ensure that the cleaning is clean and the epidermal tissues of the isodon tomentosa and the soapberry are not damaged, the cleaning is to respectively place the fresh isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a cleaning machine for stirring and cleaning once and then cleaning once again by using flowing water, wherein the flowing speed of the flowing water is 5-15L/min;
(2) drying and crushing: drying the aired isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a dryer, respectively placing the dried isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a crusher to crush the isodon tomentosa and the soapberry, and then sieving the crushed isodon tomentosa and the soapberry with a 20-mesh sieve;
(3) extracting active ingredients of the soapberry: mixing the soapberry powder and an organic solvent according to a ratio of 1:10, extracting, filtering, concentrating the filtrate in a rotary evaporator to obtain an extract, sealing, labeling, and storing at 4 ℃ for later use, wherein the organic solvent is ethyl acetate;
(4) extracting active ingredients of the rabdosia villosa: mixing the rabdosia villosa powder and an organic solvent according to a ratio of 1:10, extracting, filtering, concentrating the filtrate in a rotary evaporator to obtain an extract, sealing, labeling, and storing at 4 ℃ for later use, wherein the organic solvent is acetone;
(5) preparing the insecticide: mixing 10g of soapberry extract, 10g of downy rabdosia extract, 0.1ml of tween-80 and 99.9ml of purified water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the pesticide.
In order to improve the extraction rate, the extraction method in the step (3) and the step (4) adopts a microwave-assisted method, namely, the mixed solution is placed in a microwave oven for 10 seconds, then is taken out, is placed in cold water for cooling, then is continuously placed in the microwave oven for 10 seconds, and the steps are repeated for 5 times. And (4) the power of a microwave oven in the extraction process in the step (3) and the step (4) is 480W.
Example 2
A method for preparing botanical insecticide by taking rabdosia tomentosa as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: collecting fresh isodon tomentosa and soapberry, cleaning, airing for later use, and in order to ensure that the cleaning is clean and the epidermal tissues of the isodon tomentosa and the soapberry are not damaged, the cleaning is to respectively place the fresh isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a cleaning machine for stirring and cleaning once and then cleaning once again by using flowing water, wherein the flowing speed of the flowing water is 5-15L/min;
(2) drying and crushing: drying the aired isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a dryer, respectively placing the dried isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a crusher to crush the isodon tomentosa and the soapberry, and then sieving the crushed isodon tomentosa and the soapberry with a 20-mesh sieve;
(3) extracting active ingredients of the soapberry: mixing the soapberry powder and an organic solvent according to a ratio of 1:10, extracting, filtering, concentrating the filtrate in a rotary evaporator to obtain an extract, sealing, labeling, and storing at 4 ℃ for later use, wherein the organic solvent is n-hexane;
(4) extracting active ingredients of the rabdosia villosa: mixing the rabdosia villosa powder and an organic solvent according to a ratio of 1:10, extracting, filtering, concentrating the filtrate in a rotary evaporator to obtain an extract, sealing, labeling, and storing at 4 ℃ for later use, wherein the organic solvent is n-hexane;
(5) preparing the insecticide: mixing 10g of soapberry extract, 10g of downy rabdosia extract, 0.1ml of tween-80 and 99.9ml of purified water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the pesticide.
In order to improve the extraction rate, the extraction method in the step (3) and the step (4) adopts a microwave-assisted method, namely, the mixed solution is placed in a microwave oven for 10 seconds, then is taken out, is placed in cold water for cooling, then is continuously placed in the microwave oven for 10 seconds, and the steps are repeated for 5 times. And (4) the power of a microwave oven in the extraction process in the step (3) and the step (4) is 480W.
Example 3
A method for preparing botanical insecticide by taking rabdosia tomentosa as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: collecting fresh isodon tomentosa and soapberry, cleaning, airing for later use, and in order to ensure that the cleaning is clean and the epidermal tissues of the isodon tomentosa and the soapberry are not damaged, the cleaning is to respectively place the fresh isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a cleaning machine for stirring and cleaning once and then cleaning once again by using flowing water, wherein the flowing speed of the flowing water is 5-15L/min;
(2) drying and crushing: drying the aired isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a dryer, respectively placing the dried isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a crusher to crush the isodon tomentosa and the soapberry, and then sieving the crushed isodon tomentosa and the soapberry with a 20-mesh sieve;
(3) extracting active ingredients of the soapberry: mixing the soapberry powder and an organic solvent according to a ratio of 1:10, extracting, filtering, concentrating the filtrate in a rotary evaporator to obtain an extract, sealing, labeling, and storing at 4 ℃ for later use, wherein the organic solvent is petroleum ether;
(4) extracting active ingredients of the rabdosia villosa: mixing the rabdosia villosa powder and an organic solvent according to the proportion of 1:10, extracting, filtering, concentrating the filtrate in a rotary evaporator to obtain an extract, sealing, labeling, and storing at 4 ℃ for later use, wherein the organic solvent is petroleum ether;
(5) preparing the insecticide: mixing 10g of soapberry extract, 10g of downy rabdosia extract, 0.1ml of tween-80 and 99.9ml of purified water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the pesticide.
In order to improve the extraction rate, the extraction method in the step (3) and the step (4) adopts a microwave-assisted method, namely, the mixed solution is placed in a microwave oven for 10 seconds, then is taken out, is placed in cold water for cooling, then is continuously placed in the microwave oven for 10 seconds, and the steps are repeated for 5 times. And (4) the power of a microwave oven in the extraction process in the step (3) and the step (4) is 480W.
The extraction rate of soapberry in different organic solvents is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 difference in extraction ratio of soapberry under different conditions
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The extraction rate of Isodon tomentosa in different organic solvents is shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 difference in extraction ratio of Isodon tomentosa under different conditions
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Therefore, the embodiment 1 is the best embodiment, and the prepared pesticide has the best insecticidal effect.
The killing effect of the pelargonium odoratissimum on carmine spider mites in each stage is as follows:
TABLE 3 toxicity test results of Bulbophyllum odoratissimum extract with different concentrations on tetranychus cinnabarinus adults
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
TABLE 4 toxicity test results of Bulbophyllum odoratissimum extract with different concentrations on Tetranychus cinnabarinus larvae
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
TABLE 5 toxicity test results of Bulbophyllum odoratissimum extract with different concentrations on the eggs of Tetranychus cinnabarinus
Concentration (g/mL) Mortality (%) (Mean. + -. standard error) mortality (%) (Mean. + -. SE)
1:1000 72.22±5.09bc
1:100 77.78±5.09ab
1:20 85.56±1.92a
The effect of soapberry saponin on killing tetranychus cinnabarinus at each stage is as follows:
TABLE 6 toxicity test results of sapindoside with different concentrations to the eggs of Tetranychus cinnabarinus
Concentration (g/mL) Mortality (Mean. + -. standard error) mortality (Mean. + -. SE)
1:1000 0.68±0.02bc
1:100 0.80±0.03b
1:20 0.87±0.02a
TABLE 7 toxicity test results of sapindoside with different concentrations to Tetranychus cinnabarinus larvae
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
TABLE 8 Effect of sapindoside with different concentrations on the killing of Tetranychus cinnabarinus adults
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
The pesticide prepared by the invention has the following killing effect on carmine spider mites in each stage:
TABLE 9 toxicity test results of insecticides against Tetranychus cinnabarinus eggs
Concentration (g/mL) Mortality (Mean. + -. standard error) mortality (Mean. + -. SE)
1:100 0.93±0.04
TABLE 10 toxicity test results of insecticides against Tetranychus cinnabarinus
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
TABLE 11 Effect of insecticides on Tetranychus cinnabarinus adults
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
As shown in tables 3-11, the killing rate of the insecticide prepared by the invention on the eggs of the carmine spider mites is improved to 93% from 80% (1% of soapberry extract) and 77% (1% of isodon tomentosa extract); the killing rate of tetranychus cinnabarinus larval mite is improved to 90 percent from 78 percent (1 percent of soapberry extract) and 66 percent (1 percent of isodon tomentosa extract) within 24 hours; the killing rate of female tetranychus cinnabarinus for 24 hours is improved to 88 percent from 73 percent (1 percent of soapberry extract) and 65 percent (1 percent of isodon tomentosa extract), and the synergy is obvious. The synergism of the soapberry saponin provides a good reference way for the synergism of plant-derived pesticides and the development of non-chemical emulsifiers.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for preparing a botanical insecticide by taking rabdosia tomentosa as a raw material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing materials: collecting fresh Isodon japonicus and soapberry, cleaning, and airing for later use;
(2) drying and crushing: drying the aired isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a dryer, respectively placing the dried isodon tomentosa and the soapberry in a crusher to crush the isodon tomentosa and the soapberry, and then sieving the crushed isodon tomentosa and the soapberry with a 20-mesh sieve;
(3) extracting active ingredients of the soapberry: mixing the soapberry powder and an organic solvent according to a ratio of 1:10, extracting, filtering, concentrating the filtrate in a rotary evaporator to obtain an extract, and storing at the temperature of 3-5 ℃ for later use;
(4) extracting active ingredients of the rabdosia villosa: mixing the rabdosia villosa powder and an organic solvent according to the proportion of 1:10, extracting, filtering, concentrating the filtrate in a rotary evaporator to obtain an extract, and storing at the temperature of 3-5 ℃ for later use;
(5) preparing the insecticide: mixing 8-15g of fructus Sapindi Mukouossi extract, 8-15g of Rabdosia trichocarpa extract, 0.05-0.15ml of Tween-80 and 95-100ml of purified water, and stirring to obtain the pesticide.
2. The method for preparing botanical insecticide from Isodon tomentosa as raw material according to claim 1, wherein the washing in step (1) is performed by washing fresh Isodon tomentosa and soapberry in a washing machine with stirring once, and then washing with flowing water at a flow rate of 5-15L/min.
3. The method for preparing the botanical insecticide from the Isodon tomentosa as the raw material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the organic solvent in the step (3) is one of ethyl acetate, n-hexane and petroleum ether.
4. The method for preparing the botanical insecticide from the Isodon tomentosa as the raw material according to claim 3, wherein the organic solvent in the step (4) is one of acetone, n-hexane and petroleum ether.
5. The method for preparing botanical pesticide from Isodon tomentosa as claimed in claim 4, wherein the extraction method in steps (3) and (4) is microwave-assisted, i.e. placing the mixed solution in a microwave oven for 10 seconds, then taking out, placing in cold water for cooling, then placing in the microwave oven for 10 seconds, and repeating the steps for 5 times.
6. The method for preparing botanical insecticide from Isodon tomentosa as raw material according to claim 5, wherein the power of the microwave oven in the extraction process in steps (3) and (4) is 480W.
7. The method for preparing botanical insecticide from Isodon tomentosa according to claim 1, wherein the insecticide prepared in step (5) is prepared by mixing 10g of Sapindus mukurossi extract, 10g of Isodon tomentosa extract, 0.1ml of Tween-80 and 99.9ml of purified water, and stirring.
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