CN113512070B - 一种具有近红外荧光的钌配合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种具有近红外荧光的钌配合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及医药技术领域,特别涉及一种具有近红外荧光的钌配合物及其制备方法和应用,在引入发色团——芘后,该配合物在635nm红光照射下应用于宫颈癌(HeLa细胞)有明显光毒性(IC50=0.040μM),较小暗毒性(IC50=9.402μM),光动力治疗指数(PI)为235.05,光动力治疗具有显著疗效。同时该钌金属配合物在635nm光源照射下可以产生单线态氧,且可光催化氧化NADH和NADPH。对于推动高效新型抗肿瘤钌金属配合物光敏剂的研究具有重要的意义,可进一步制备抗肿瘤药物,具有较大的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,特别涉及一种具有近红外荧光的钌配合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
据GLOBOCAN 2020统计数据显示,恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率在全世界范围内快速上升,这不仅与人口老龄化、社会发展工业化、城市化的进程有关,也体现生态环境恶化等致癌因素不断增长,就目前形势而言癌症高发不可避免。而中国作为一个有着14亿人口的国家,癌症新发病例占全球新发病例23.7%,约457万人,癌症死亡人数占全球30%,约300万死亡病例,发病率和死亡率均高于全球平均水平,中国承受着巨大的癌症发病率和死亡率负担。
手术治疗、化学治疗、放射治疗等是目前恶性肿瘤治疗的主要方式。但是,手术治疗存在创伤大、适用范围局限、癌细胞无法彻底清除等缺点;而化学疗法和放射疗法最大的问题是产生比较大的毒副作用,影响患者的生存质量。而与传统疗法相比,肿瘤光动力治疗具有许多显著优势,如无创、靶向、毒副作用小、可控等。光动力治疗的作用原理是利用特定波长的光照射聚集在肿瘤部位的光敏剂,激发能量转换,产生大量活性氧成份,实现对肿瘤细胞的选择性损伤。光动力治疗作用机制具体可分为I型和II型,I型机制中,激发态光敏剂将电子转移到分子氧或其他电子受体,产生超氧化物阴离子和自由基杀伤目标细胞;II型机制中,激发态光敏剂将电子能量转移到基态分子氧产生单线态氧杀伤目标细胞。
光敏剂作为光动力疗法治疗效果的核心要素,如何得到更高效的光敏剂一直是研究的重点。理想的光敏剂一般需符合以下的条件:(1)靶向性好,对肿瘤组织有良好的选择性;(2)暗毒性低,而光毒性强;(3)有较高的活性氧产量;(4)激发波长最好在光治疗窗口(550nm~900nm);(5)有良好的光稳定性;(6)在正常组织中能被较快代谢。作为一种优异的光敏剂,过渡金属配合物具有良好的光物理和光化学稳定性、较高单线态氧产率,并且结构可塑性良好,可以针对不同的底物结合环境引入分子活性基团进行相应的结构修饰。而其中钌金属配合物具有低毒性、易被肿瘤组织吸收、能快速排泄的优良特质,因此国际上认为钉配合物是最有研究前景的抗癌药物之一。2016年,Sherri A McFarland等人研究的光敏剂(TLD1433),成为了第一例进入临床I期试验的用于肿瘤光动力治疗的过渡金属钌配合物。
还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)都是细胞氧化防御系统中的主要细胞还原剂。NADH在三羧酸循环、线粒体电子传递链和糖酵解中有着重要角色,而NADPH则参与细胞质中的新陈代谢、脂质合成、胆固醇合成、核酸合成和脂肪链的延长。在肿瘤细胞中选择性的光催化氧化NADH/NADPH,可以破坏肿瘤细胞乏氧微环境,诱导细胞内氧化还原稳态失衡,导致肿瘤细胞坏死或凋亡。因此,光诱导NADH/NADPH氧化有望成为一种光动力靶向治疗肿瘤的新思路。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的上述不足,本发明提供一种具有近红外荧光的钌配合物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供上述具有近红外荧光的钌配合物的制备方法。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供上述具有近红外荧光的钌配合物的应用。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种具有近红外荧光的钌配合物,其结构式如式(I)所示:
简记为[Ru(bnp)(tpy-py)](PF6)2。
所述具有近红外荧光的钌配合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.由2,6-二乙酰基吡啶与2-氨基-3-吡啶甲醛反应后生成bnp配体;
S2.芘-1-甲醛与2-乙酰基吡啶反应生成tpy-py配体;
S3.由氯化钌(Ⅲ)水合物和tpy-py配体反应生成RuCl3(tpy-py)前体;
S4.RuCl3(tpy-py)前体与步骤S1得到的bnp配体反应得到[Ru(bnp)(tpy-py)]·2Cl中间产物,再与六氟磷酸铵反应即得。
具体地,上述步骤S1中2,6-二乙酰基吡啶与2-氨基-3-吡啶甲醛得到的反应式为:
步骤S2中芘-1-甲醛与2-乙酰基吡啶的反应式为:
步骤S3中由tpy-py配体和氯化钌(Ⅲ)水合物反应生成RuCl3(tpy-py)前体:
步骤S4中将步骤S1得到的bnp配体与步骤3得到的RuCl3(tpy-py)前体反应得到[Ru(bnp)(tpy-py)]·2Cl中间产物,再与六氟磷酸铵反应即得式(I)所示金属钌配合物的反应式为:
优选地,所述步骤S1中,将2,6-二乙酰基吡啶与2-氨基-3-吡啶甲醛和氢氧化钠在乙醇中加热80~95℃回流反应8~15h。更优选地,2,6-二乙酰基吡啶与2-氨基-3-吡啶甲醛和氢氧化钠的摩尔比为1:2:1,回流反应温度为95℃,反应时间为12h。
优选地,所述步骤S2中,将2-乙酰基吡啶、芘-1-甲醛、氨水与氢氧化钠在乙醇中80~95℃搅拌回流反应22~26h。更优选地,芘-1-甲醛与2-乙酰基吡啶的摩尔比为1:2,回流反应温度为85℃,反应时间为24h。
优选地,所述步骤S3中,将步骤S2得到的tpy-py与氯化钌(Ⅲ)水合物在乙醇中80~85℃回流反应8~15h。更优选地,tpy-py与氯化钌(Ⅲ)水合物的摩尔比为1:1.1,回流反应温度为85℃,反应时间为12h。
优选地,所述步骤S4中,RuCl3(tpy-py)前体与步骤S1的bnp配体以三乙胺为催化剂,在2-乙氧基乙醇中120~135℃回流反应5~15h得到[Ru(bnp)(tpy-py)]·2Cl。更优选地,RuCl3(tpy-py)前体与bnp配体的摩尔比为1:1.1,回流反应温度为125℃,反应时间为12h。
所述具有近红外荧光的钌配合物在制备抗肿瘤光催化药物中的应用。
所述抗肿瘤光催化药物为抗宫颈癌光催化药物。更优选地,宫颈癌为HeLa细胞株。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下技术效果:
本发明的一种具有近红外荧光的钌配合物,在引入发色团——芘后,该配合物在635nm红光照射下应用于宫颈癌(HeLa细胞)有明显光毒性(IC50=0.040μM),较小暗毒性(IC50=9.402μM),光动力治疗指数(PI)为235.05,光动力治疗具有显著疗效。同时该钌金属配合物在635nm光源照射下可以产生单线态氧,且可光催化氧化NADH和NADPH。对于推动高效新型抗肿瘤钌金属配合物光敏剂的研究具有重要的意义,可进一步制备抗肿瘤药物,具有较大的应用前景。
附图说明
图1本发明实施例金属钌配合物的化学结构式;
图2本发明实施例钌配合物的暗稳定性与光稳定性性能测试图;
图3本发明实施例钌配合物的紫外吸收光谱;
图4本发明实施例钌配合物的荧光发射光谱;
图5本发明实施例钌配合物荧光强度与溶剂粘度的关系测试图;
图6本发明实施例钌配合物光催化产生单线态氧的能力测试图;
图7本发明实施例钌配合物光催化氧化NADH的能力测试图;
图8本发明实施例钌配合物光催化氧化NADPH的能力测试图;
图9本发明实施例钌配合物对宫颈癌细胞株(HeLa)的暗毒性与光毒性测试图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是,对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
下述实验例中所使用的试验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,为可从商业途径得到的试剂和材料。
实施例1
具有近红外荧光的钌配合物结构式如图1所示。其合成方法具体如下:
S1.由2,6-二乙酰基吡啶与2-氨基-3-吡啶甲醛反应后生成bnp配体
2,6-二乙酰基吡啶(1.6317g,10mmol)与2-氨基-3-吡啶甲醛(2.4426g,20mmol)和氢氧化钠(0.4g,10mmol)在乙醇(100ml)中加热至95℃,回流反应12小时后将反应降至室温并过滤出固体,过滤得到的固体用乙醇过滤洗涤,在真空中干燥后得到3.2886g黄色固体bnp,产率98.06%。上述化学反应方程式如下所示:
质谱:336.2,[M+H]+,358.2,[M+Na]+;
核磁氢谱:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ9.19(s,2H),9.01(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),8.40(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),8.28(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),8.13(s,1H),7.55(s,2H)。
S2.2-乙酰基吡啶与芘-1-甲醛反应生成tpy-py配体
将芘-1-甲醛(2.3027g,10mmol)与2-乙酰基吡啶(2.4228g,20mmol)、氨水(35mL)和氢氧化钠(1.1g)的混合物在乙醇(75mL)中加热至85℃,回流反应24小时,生成的橘色团体在乙醇中重结晶,通过减压抽滤收集粉末,在真空中干燥后得到土黄色粉状固体tpy-py(2.5654g),产率59.18%。上述化学反应方程式如下所示:
质谱:456[M+Na]+;
核磁氢谱:1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d):δ8.81–8.72(m,4H),8.72–8.67(m,2H),8.28–8.17(m,4H),8.15–8.11(m,3H),8.05(d,J=12.4Hz,2H),7.92(d,J=1.7Hz,2H),7.36(ddd,J=7.5,4.7,1.2Hz,2H)。
S3.氯化钌(Ⅲ)水合物和tpy-py配体反应生成RuCl3(tpy-py)前体
将步骤S2反应得到的配体tpy-py(0.6969g,1.6mmol)和氯化钌(Ⅲ)水合物(0.3651g,1.76mmol)在乙醇(150mL)中加热到85℃,反应12小时。将反应得到的液体旋蒸浓缩,再经减压抽滤,得到的固体水洗多次后,真空干燥得到红棕色RuCl3(tpy-py)前体(0.9321g),产率90.89%。上述化学反应方程式如下所示:
S4.RuCl3(tpy-py)前体与步骤S1得到的bnp配体反应得到[Ru(bnp)(tpy-py)]·2Cl,再与六氟磷酸铵反应即得本发明配合物[Ru(bnp)(tpy-py)](PF6)2。
将bnp配体(0.1107g,0.33mmol)和步骤S3得到的RuCl3(tpy-py)前体(0.1929g,0.3mmol)以三乙胺(3mL)为催化剂,在2-乙氧基乙醇(30mL)中加热到125℃,反应12小时。将反应得到的液体过滤除去滤渣,然后在滤液中加入六氟磷酸铵(0.1630g,1mmol),室温搅拌10分钟,减压抽滤,水洗多次,将获得的粗产物烘干后用中性氧化铝柱分离提纯,将溶剂旋干后得到紫黑色目标产物,即本发明配合物(0.030g,0.026mmol),产率8.65%。通过质谱和核磁表征,简记为[Ru(bnp)(tpy-py)](PF6)2;上述化学反应方程式如下所示::
质谱:ESI-MS[CH3OH,m/z]:435[M-2PF6 -]2+;
核磁氢谱:1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6):δ9.52(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),9.39(s,2H),9.15(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),8.75(ddd,J=22.1,13.3,8.0Hz,7H),8.61(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),8.56–8.41(m,9H),8.24(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.79(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.69(dd,J=8.0,4.2Hz,2H),7.43(d,J=5.8Hz,2H),7.09(t,J=6.7Hz,2H)。
实施例2
实施例1获得的近红外荧光钌配合物的暗稳定性与光稳定性
利用核磁氢谱来分析钌配合物的暗稳定性与光稳定性性能。将钌配合物用二甲基亚砜-d6配成溶液(对照样)加入到核磁管中记录其核磁氢谱;之后在室温下将其黑暗中放置72小时后,或在465nm光辐射(39mW/cm2)5分钟后,分别记录光暗处理后溶液的核磁氢谱与对照样的氢谱图进行对比,以分析其暗、光稳定性性能。如图2所示,钌配合物在黑暗与光照条件处理下,其谱图未发生明显变化,可见钌配合物具有很好的暗稳定性与光稳定性性能。
实施例3
实施例1获得的近红外荧光钌配合物在不同溶剂中的吸光度与荧光强度测定
1、钌配合物在不同溶剂中的吸光度
分别以二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇、乙二醇、二甲基亚砜、水为溶剂,将金属钌配合物配成10μM样品溶液,使用双光束紫外可见分光光度计记录钌配合物的紫外吸收光谱,如图3所示表征其在不同溶剂中的吸光度。从图中可发现,由于bnp配体的引入,本发明物表现出良好的光学性质,所述金属钌配合物较目前现有的大多数钌配合物在可见光区域的吸收峰红移。
2、钌配合物在不同溶剂中的荧光强度
分别以二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇、乙二醇、二甲基亚砜、水为溶剂,将金属钌配合物配成10μM样品溶液,使用荧光分光光度计以488nm为EX固定波长记录钌配合物的荧光发射光谱,如图4所示表征其在不同溶剂中的荧光强度。从图中可发现,本发明物具有近红外荧光。
实施例4
实施例1获得的近红外荧光钌配合物荧光强度与溶剂粘度的关系测定
以甘油和水为混合溶剂,分别配制甘油体积分数为0、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%的混合溶剂,将金属钌配合物配成10μM样品溶液,使用荧光分光光度计以488nm为EX固定波长记录钌配合物的荧光发射光谱,如图5所示表征其在不同溶剂中的荧光强度。从图中可看出,随溶剂粘度的增加,钌配合物的荧光强度增强。
实施例5
实施例1获得的近红外荧光钌配合物生成单线态氧的能力测定
为检测上述合成的钌配合物光催化生成单线态氧的能力,使用了一种单线态氧特异性检测剂:9,10-蒽基-双(亚甲基)二丙二酸(简称ABDA),其紫外可见吸收光谱具有四个特征吸收峰342,359,378和400nm,当溶液中有单线态氧产生,ABDA会立刻捕获溶液中的单线态氧,反应生成一种内源性的氧化产物,导致ABDA的四个特征吸收峰下降,其中ABDA吸收峰的下降速率对应着单线态氧的产生速率。通过紫外可见分光光度计监测待测样品和ABDA混合溶液在光照不同时间下的紫外可见吸收光谱的变化即可反映单线态氧的含量的变化。
将两份同样含有钌配合物(10μM)和ABDA试剂(200μM)的水溶液置于比色皿,一份放在635nm光源(光强19.2mW/cm2)下,每照射2分钟检测一次溶液的吸收光谱,持续光照时间10分钟;一份放于黑暗环境,每隔两分钟测一次吸收光谱。如图6所示,该钌配合物可以在光照后产生单线态氧,并且产生单线态氧的量与光照时间成正相关。
实施例6
实施例1获得的近红外荧光钌配合物光催化氧化NADH和NADPH的能力测定
由于在光催化下,金属配合物能将还原型辅酶Ⅰ(NADH)和还原型辅酶Ⅱ(NADPH)分别氧化成其氧化态NAD+和NADP+,所以将含钌配合物(5μM)和NADH或NADPH(A339nm=1.0)的发光石英试管放在635nm光源(光强19.2mW/cm2)下,每辐射2分钟检测一次溶液的吸光度,持续光照时间10分钟。如图7、8所示,在光照条件下,NADH和NADPH的氧化程度随时间的增加而增加,说明钌配合物对NADH和NADPH有光催化氧化能力。
实施例7
实施例1获得的近红外荧光钌配合物应用于人宫颈癌的光动力治疗效果测试
利用MTT比色法来分析钌配合物对人宫颈癌(HeLa细胞)的抗增殖效应。MTT,中文名叫噻唑蓝,是一种四唑盐,在活细胞中,线粒体内的琥珀酸脱氢酶可将MTT还原,生成一种蓝紫色结晶——甲臜(可溶于二甲基亚砜),且该产物在595nm处有吸收峰,故可用酶联免疫检测仪来分析细胞增殖情况。
MTT实验步骤如下:
①先复苏1管HeLa肿瘤细胞,用新鲜完全培养液(DMEM培养基+10%胎牛血清+1%青霉素-链霉素混合液)培养,传代2次后开始做实验。
②待细胞到达对数生长期时,以5000个/孔的细胞密度接种至2块96孔板中(每孔用100μL培养液培养细胞,一板为光照组,另一板为黑暗对照组),送入37℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养。
③待其贴壁后,吸出原有培养基,每孔分别加入200、100、50、10、1、0.1、0.01、0.001μM共8个浓度的钌配合物100μL,轻轻晃匀,在二氧化碳培养箱中避光孵育。
④孵育16小时后,将光照组的细胞培养板置于635nm波长红光灯下光照30分钟(光剂量为45.54J/cm2),然后放回培养箱继续避光孵育32小时(黑暗对照组的细胞一直置于培养箱中避光孵育)。
⑤孵育36小时后,在每孔中加入10μL MTT(5mg/mL),于37℃温箱中继续孵育4小时后,吸去上清液,每孔加100μL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),用酶联免疫检测仪检测A595nm,计算细胞增殖抑制率,求出IC50值(抑制率等于50%的时候的药物浓度)。
如图9所示,MTT法检测不同浓度的钌配合物在黑暗与光照处理条件下对人宫颈癌(HeLa细胞)的杀伤作用效果不同,在无光照情况下,对人宫颈癌细胞株IC50为9.402μM,在光照条件下对人宫颈癌细胞株IC50为0.040μM,其光动力治疗指数(PI)高达235.05,具有很强的光动力治疗效果。
以上所述仅为本发明专利的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明专利,凡在本发明专利的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明专利的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
3.根据权利要求2所述具有近红外荧光的钌配合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,将2,6-二乙酰基吡啶与2-氨基-3-吡啶甲醛和氢氧化钠在乙醇中加热80~95℃回流反应8~15h。
4.根据权利要求2所述具有近红外荧光的钌配合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,将2-乙酰基吡啶、芘-1-甲醛、氨水与氢氧化钠在乙醇中80~95℃搅拌回流反应22~26h。
5.根据权利要求2具有所述近红外荧光的钌配合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中,将步骤S2得到的tpy-py与氯化钌(Ⅲ)水合物在乙醇中80~85℃回流反应8~15h。
6.根据权利要求2所述具有近红外荧光的钌配合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中,RuCl3(tpy-py)前体与步骤S1的bnp配体以三乙胺为催化剂,在2-乙氧基乙醇中120~135℃回流反应5~15h得到[Ru(bnp)(tpy-py)]·2Cl中间产物,再与六氟磷酸铵反应即得。
7.权利要求1所述具有近红外荧光的钌配合物在制备抗宫颈癌光催化药物中的应用。
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