CN113508782B - A feeding method that converts a higher proportion of phytol to phytanic acid in the rumen of ruminants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a feeding method capable of converting phytol into phytanic acid in a higher proportion in the rumen of a ruminant, which comprises S1, applying a high-nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation process; s2, ensiling and preparing the forage, wherein the collected forage is ensiled; s3, preparing a feed, and matching coarse fodder and fine fodder, wherein the matching proportion of the coarse fodder and the fine fodder in the feed is 40, the coarse fodder consists of various forage materials, and the coarse fodder comprises wangcao, cassava stems and leaves, stylosanthes guianensis, broussonetia papyrifera leaves, pineapple peels and weeds; s4, feeding forage, namely feeding the forage of the ruminant in a free feeding mode, converting phytol molecules in daily ration into phytanic acid molecules under the rumen biological hydrogenation action more by improving a feeding method, and finally converting the phytol molecules into animal products through metabolism to finally meet the technical requirement of producing high-quality animal products.

Description

A compound that converts a higher proportion of phytol to phytanic acid in the rumen of ruminants Feeding method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ruminant nutrition and physiological metabolism, and specifically relates to a feeding method capable of converting phytol into phytanic acid at a higher ratio in the rumen of ruminants.

Background technique

After ruminants eat green feed, the phytol group of chlorophyll is released in the rumen and metabolized into phytanic acid (3, 7, 11, 15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid, Phytanic acid), which can be deposited in milk In food and meat products, phytanic acid has functions such as promoting fatty acid oxidation and synergizing with insulin, and has a positive impact on animal organisms. Human intake of animal products rich in phytanic acid, such as milk and beef, also has positive effects on their health. Since the main precursor of phytanic acid is the phytol group in chlorophyll, the content of phytanic acid in ruminant products is directly related to the ingested chlorophyll or phytol content.

According to existing research records, the higher the content of phytol in the diet fed to ruminants, the higher the phytanic acid produced in the rumen, however, the conversion rate of phytanic acid into phytanic acid in the rumen is low , its low conversion rate directly affects the production of high-quality livestock products. The reason for this low conversion rate in the rumen (phytol molecule----phytanic acid molecule change process) is the rumen microbial activity, composition and enzyme As a result of the interaction of species, these factors can be affected in terms of feeding methods.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feeding method that can convert a higher proportion of phytol into phytanic acid in the rumen of ruminants, and by improving the feeding method, more phytol molecules in the diet can be produced in the rumen. Under the action of hydrogenation, it is converted into phytanic acid molecules, which are finally transformed into livestock products through metabolism, and finally meet the technical requirements for the production of high-quality livestock products, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A feeding method that converts a higher proportion of phytol to phytanic acid in the rumen of ruminants, comprising:

S1, the cultivation of forage, by cultivating the seedlings of forage in the cultivation field, and applying high nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation process;

S2. Forage silage preparation. After the forage cultivation is completed, the forage is harvested by a harvester. The collected forage is prepared for silage, and the collected forage is compacted and sealed to isolate the stored forage from the outside air. Anoxic, resulting in anaerobic fermentation, so that the forage produces organic acids;

S3. Feed preparation, coarse and fine feed mix, the ratio of rough feed and concentrated feed in the feed is 40:60, the rough feed is composed of a variety of forages, and the rough feed includes king grass, cassava stems and leaves, stylo, syringa leaves, pineapple skin and weeds;

S4, the feeding of the feed, the feeding method of the forage of the ruminants adopts the free feeding method to feed;

The harvesting period of the forage material selected in the S1 is early, that is, the harvesting process is carried out in the early stage of ear emergence;

The roughage in the S3 adopts dry King Grass, and the concentrated feed is composed of cornmeal, bran and soybean cypress;

The roughage in the S3 is kinggrass, cassava stems and leaves, stylo, leaves, pineapple peel and weeds. The ratio of roughage to grain is 5:5. Composition in equal proportions;

The moisture content of the harvested forage used for silage preparation in S2 is above 60%.

Preferably, the forage in S4 is fed with a fermented total mixed ration product, wherein the ratio of roughage to concentrated feed is 50:50, and the roughage consists of king grass, cassava stems and leaves, pineapple peel and a small amount of alfalfa.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1. The present invention provides a feeding method that can convert a higher proportion of phytol into phytanic acid in the rumen of ruminants, by adding high-nitrogen fertilizers to planting grass, and using a variety of roughage and concentrated feed for feeding, and The ratio of coarse and concentrated feed is 40:60 or 30:70, which can significantly improve the conversion of phytol into phytanic acid products in the rumen of ruminants, thereby increasing the ratio of phytanic acid in the rumen. .

2. The present invention provides a feeding method that can convert a higher proportion of phytol into phytanic acid in the rumen of ruminants. The feeding method is changed from traditional timing and quantitative feeding to ad libitum feeding. After research It is found that free feeding can more easily obtain more phytanic acid products in the rumen than regular quantitative feeding, thereby further increasing the content of phytanic acid in dairy products and meat products.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of feeding mode of ruminant of the present invention

Fig. 2 is the change table of forage high and low nitrogen fertilizer and silage phytanic acid and phytol of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the production ratio of phytanic acid and the ratio of phytol hours in the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. The specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A feeding method that converts a higher proportion of phytol to phytanic acid in the rumen of ruminants includes:

S1, the cultivation of forage, by cultivating the seedlings of forage in the cultivation field, and applying high-nitrogen fertilizers during the cultivation process, the harvest period is early, that is, harvesting in the early stage of ear emergence, and cultivating Italian ryegrass with different fertilization levels in the test field During the planting process, some high-nitrogen fertilizers were applied, and the other part did not. It is 0.14 in the early stage and 0.13 in the late earing period. When high nitrogen fertilizer is used, the early earing period is 0.30 and the late earing period is 0.24. It can be proved that Italian ryegrass after early harvest can obtain more phytanic acid products in the rumen;

S2, the silage preparation of forage, after the forage cultivation is completed, the forage is harvested by the harvester, and the collected forage is prepared into silage. The moisture content of the harvested forage used for silage preparation is more than 60%, and the collected forage is compacted Close it up to isolate the stored forage from the outside air, cause internal hypoxia, cause anaerobic fermentation, and make the forage produce organic acids. As shown in Figure 2, the forage is cultured outside the rumen liquid, and the phytanic acid is measured. The test results show , after Italian ryegrass was prepared as silage, when low nitrogen fertilizer was used, the early earing period was 0.26, and the late earing period was 0.20. More phytanic acid production can be obtained in the rumen after harvesting Italian ryegrass silage;

S3, the preparation of feed, the collocation of rough and fine feed of feed, the collocation ratio of the rough feed and concentrated feed in the feed is 40:60, rough feed adopts dry King Grass, and described concentrated feed is made up of corn flour, bran and soybean cypress. , The roughage is composed of a variety of forages. The roughage includes king grass, cassava stems and leaves, stylophyllum, syringa leaves, pineapple peels and weeds. By setting different ratios of coarse and concentrated feeds, the rumen fluid environment can be adjusted to cultivate phytol molecules. Determine the conversion ratio of phytanic acid; the ratio of crude to fine is set as 100:0 (T1), 90:10 (T2), 80:20 (T3), 70:30 (T4), 60:40 (T5), 50: 50(T5), 40:60(T6), 30:70(T7), as shown in Table 1 below

Table 1

The test results show that when the crude-to-fine ratio is 40:60 (T6), the conversion rate of phytanic acid is 37%, compared with 32% of the 60:40 (T5) ratio, the conversion rate is significantly improved, so that the feed The crude and fine ratio of phytol is 40:60, which is more conducive to the conversion of phytol into phytanic acid products in the stomach.

The composition of various forages for roughage, by setting three groups of roughage composition schemes, that is, T1: king grass, T2: king grass, cassava stems and leaves, and stylophyllum mixed, T3: king grass, cassava stems and leaves, stylophyllum, and strudel leaves , pineapple peels, weeds, kinggrass for roughage, cassava stems and leaves, stylophyllum, leaves, pineapple peels and weeds. The composition is all in equal proportions, and the rumen liquid is cultured separately, and the ratio of phytol to phytanic acid is calculated, as shown in Table 2

Table 2

It can be seen from Table 2 that when the composition of roughage is more or more complex, the ratio of phytol to phytanic acid is higher. Therefore, when feeding ruminant forage, the roughage is mixed with various roughages. feed.

S4. Feed feeding. The ruminants are fed with ad libitum forage, and the changes of phytanic acid and phytol in the rumen are monitored through different feeding methods. Two treatments were set in the feeding mode, namely, T1: ad libitum feeding, T2: daily quantitative feeding in the morning and evening (9:00 and 17:00), and the rumen fluid was extracted every three hours on the next day of the experimental period, and analyzed The results showed that the average concentration of phytanic acid in the rumen was slightly higher under ad libitum feeding conditions, so it is easier to obtain more phytanic acid products in the rumen with ad libitum feeding.

Example 2

S1, the cultivation of forage, by cultivating the seedlings of forage in the cultivation field, and applying high-nitrogen fertilizers during the cultivation process, the harvest period is early, that is, harvesting in the early stage of ear emergence, and cultivating Italian ryegrass with different fertilization levels in the test field During the planting process, some high-nitrogen fertilizers were applied, and the other part did not. It is 0.14 in the early stage and 0.13 in the late earing period. When high nitrogen fertilizer is used, the early earing period is 0.30 and the late earing period is 0.24. It can be proved that Italian ryegrass after early harvest can obtain more phytanic acid products in the rumen;

S2, the silage preparation of forage, after the forage cultivation is completed, the forage is harvested by the harvester, and the collected forage is prepared into silage. The moisture content of the harvested forage used for silage preparation is more than 60%, and the collected forage is compacted Close it up to isolate the stored forage from the outside air, cause internal hypoxia, cause anaerobic fermentation, and make the forage produce organic acids. As shown in Figure 2, the forage is cultured outside the rumen liquid, and the phytanic acid is measured. The test results show , after Italian ryegrass was prepared as silage, when low nitrogen fertilizer was used, the early earing period was 0.26, and the late earing period was 0.20. More phytanic acid production can be obtained in the rumen after harvesting Italian ryegrass silage;

S3, the preparation of feed, the collocation of rough and fine feed of feed, the collocation ratio of the rough feed and concentrated feed in the feed is 40:60, rough feed adopts dry King Grass, and described concentrated feed is made up of corn flour, bran and soybean cypress. , The roughage is composed of a variety of forages. The roughage includes king grass, cassava stems and leaves, stylophyllum, syringa leaves, pineapple peels and weeds. By setting different ratios of coarse and concentrated feeds, the rumen fluid environment can be adjusted to cultivate phytol molecules. Determine the conversion ratio of phytanic acid; the ratio of crude to fine is set as 100:0 (T1), 90:10 (T2), 80:20 (T3), 70:30 (T4), 60:40 (T5), 50: 50(T5), 40:60(T6), 30:70(T7), as shown in Table 1 below

Table 1

The test results show that when the crude-to-fine ratio is 30:70 (T7), the conversion rate of phytanic acid is 39%, which is significantly improved compared with 32% in the ratio of 60:40 (T5). The 30:70 ratio of roughness and fineness of phytol is more conducive to the conversion of phytol into phytanic acid products in the stomach.

The composition of various forages for roughage, by setting three groups of roughage composition schemes, that is, T1: king grass, T2: king grass, cassava stems and leaves, and stylophyllum mixed, T3: king grass, cassava stems and leaves, stylophyllum, and strudel leaves , pineapple peels, weeds, kinggrass for roughage, cassava stems and leaves, stylophyllum, leaves, pineapple peels and weeds. The composition is all in equal proportions, and the rumen liquid is cultured separately, and the ratio of phytol to phytanic acid is calculated, as shown in Table 2

Table 2

It can be obtained from Table 2 that the conversion rate of phytanic acid in T1 group, T2 group and T3 group is T1<T2<T3. It is known that the ratio of phytanic acid conversion from phytol to phytanic acid is higher when there are more types of roughage composition or more complex. Therefore, when feeding ruminant forage, the roughage is fed with a mixture of various roughages.

S4, the feeding of feed, through the phytol in the silage Italian ryegrass after long-term cultivation, test the change law of phytanic acid content, as shown in Figure 3, carry out experimental simulation, select high phytol Italian ryegrass silage with high content was continuously cultured in vitro for 48 hours, and the content of phytanic acid was monitored every three hours, and the conversion rate was calculated. The result: with the increase of culture time, the proportion of phytanic acid production gradually increased, but the conversion Low, only 20% after 48 hours, most of phytol can not be transformed and remains or decomposed for hours, if free feeding is used to prolong the time of diet in the rumen, more phytanic acid will be produced, and then through actual The feeding method was tested, and the fermented total mixed ration product was prepared (the ratio of roughness to fineness was 50:50, and the roughage consisted of king grass, cassava stems and leaves, pineapple peel and a small amount of alfalfa), and the feeding method of forage for ruminants Feeding was carried out ad libitum, and the changes of phytanic acid and phytol in the rumen were monitored through different feeding methods. Two treatments were set for the feeding method, namely, T1: free feeding, T2: daily morning and evening quantification Feeding (9:00 and 17:00), the rumen fluid was extracted every three hours on the next day of the experimental period, and the concentration of phytol and phytanic acid was analyzed. The results represent the average The concentration of phytanic acid is slightly higher, so it is easier to get more phytanic acid products in the rumen when fed ad libitum.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still It is possible to modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or to perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A feeding method capable of converting phytol into phytanic acid in a higher proportion in the rumen of ruminants, characterized in that it comprises: S1, the cultivation of forage, by cultivating the seedlings of forage in the cultivation field, and applying high nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation process; S2. Forage silage preparation. After the forage cultivation is completed, the forage is harvested by a harvester. The collected forage is prepared for silage, and the collected forage is compacted and sealed to isolate the stored forage from the outside air. Anoxic, resulting in anaerobic fermentation, so that the forage produces organic acids; S3. Feed preparation, coarse and fine feed mix, the ratio of rough feed and concentrated feed in the feed is 40:60, the rough feed is composed of a variety of forages, and the rough feed includes king grass, cassava stems and leaves, stylo, syringa leaves, pineapple hides and weeds; and the roughage is freeze-dried, and the material composition of each type is in equal proportions; S4, the feeding of the feed, the feeding method of the forage of the ruminants adopts the free feeding method to feed; The harvesting period of the forage material selected in the described S2 is the early stage, that is, the harvesting process is carried out in the early stage of ear emergence; The king grass used in the roughage in the S3 is dry king grass, and the concentrated feed is composed of corn flour, bran and soybean cypress; The moisture content of the harvested forage used for silage preparation in S2 is above 60%.

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