CN113508782B - A feeding method capable of converting phytol into phytanic acid at higher ratio in ruminant rumen - Google Patents
A feeding method capable of converting phytol into phytanic acid at higher ratio in ruminant rumen Download PDFInfo
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- CN113508782B CN113508782B CN202110847083.8A CN202110847083A CN113508782B CN 113508782 B CN113508782 B CN 113508782B CN 202110847083 A CN202110847083 A CN 202110847083A CN 113508782 B CN113508782 B CN 113508782B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a feeding method capable of converting phytol into phytanic acid in a higher proportion in the rumen of a ruminant, which comprises S1, applying a high-nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation process; s2, ensiling and preparing the forage, wherein the collected forage is ensiled; s3, preparing a feed, and matching coarse fodder and fine fodder, wherein the matching proportion of the coarse fodder and the fine fodder in the feed is 40, the coarse fodder consists of various forage materials, and the coarse fodder comprises wangcao, cassava stems and leaves, stylosanthes guianensis, broussonetia papyrifera leaves, pineapple peels and weeds; s4, feeding forage, namely feeding the forage of the ruminant in a free feeding mode, converting phytol molecules in daily ration into phytanic acid molecules under the rumen biological hydrogenation action more by improving a feeding method, and finally converting the phytol molecules into animal products through metabolism to finally meet the technical requirement of producing high-quality animal products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nutrition and physiological metabolism of ruminants, and particularly relates to a feeding method capable of converting phytol into phytanic acid in a higher proportion in a rumen of a ruminant.
Background
After ruminants eat green feed, phytol groups of chlorophyll are released in rumens and metabolize into Phytanic acid (3, 7, 11, 15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) which can be deposited in milk products and meat products, and the Phytanic acid has the functions of promoting fatty acid oxidation, coordinating with insulin and the like and has positive effects on animal organisms. The human ingests animal products rich in phytanic acid, such as cow milk beef, etc., which also have positive effects on their health. Since the main precursor of phytanic acid is the phytol group in chlorophyll, the phytanic acid content in ruminant products has a direct relationship to the chlorophyll or phytol content ingested.
According to the existing research, the higher the phytol content in the ration fed to ruminants, the higher the phytanic acid produced in the rumen, however, the lower the conversion rate of phytol into phytanic acid in the rumen, the lower the conversion rate directly affects the production of high quality animal products, and the reason for this low conversion rate in the rumen (phytol molecule-phytanic acid molecule change process) is the result of the combined action of rumen microbial activity, composition and enzymes, which are affected in the feeding method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feeding method capable of converting phytol into phytanic acid in a higher proportion in the rumen of a ruminant, which is characterized in that phytol molecules in daily ration are converted into phytanic acid molecules under the action of rumen biological hydrogenation by improving the feeding method, and the phytanic acid molecules are finally converted into animal products through metabolism, so that the technical requirement of producing high-quality animal products is finally met, and the problems in the background technology are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a feeding method for converting phytol to phytanic acid in a higher proportion in the rumen of a ruminant animal, comprising:
s1, cultivating forage, namely cultivating forage seedlings in a cultivation field, and applying a high-nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation process;
s2, ensiling and preparing forage, harvesting the forage by a harvester after the forage is cultivated, preparing and ensiling the collected forage, compacting and sealing the collected forage to isolate the stored forage from outside air, so that oxygen deficiency is caused inside the forage, anaerobic fermentation is caused, and organic acid is generated in the forage;
s3, preparing a feed, and matching coarse fodder and fine fodder, wherein the matching proportion of the coarse fodder and the fine fodder in the feed is 40, the coarse fodder consists of various forage materials, and the coarse fodder comprises wangcao, cassava stems and leaves, stylosanthes guianensis, broussonetia papyrifera leaves, pineapple peels and weeds;
s4, feeding the fodder in a free feeding mode;
the harvesting period of the forage selected in the S1 is the early period, namely the harvesting treatment is carried out at the early ear emergence period;
the coarse feed in the S3 is dry king grass, and the fine feed is formed by mixing corn flour, bran and soybean cypress;
the ration coarse grain and coarse essence ratio of the roughy feed in the S3 is 5:5, the coarse feed is freeze-dried, and the compositions of various substances are in equal proportion;
the water content of the harvested forage used for ensiling preparation in the S2 is more than 60%.
Preferably, the forage in S4 is fed by a fermentation type total mixed ration product, wherein the ratio of the roughage to the concentrated feed is 50:50, the roughage comprises wangcao, cassava stems and leaves, pineapple peels and a small amount of alfalfa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a feeding method capable of converting phytol into phytanic acid in a higher proportion in rumens of ruminants, which comprises the steps of adding a high-nitrogen fertilizer into planting forage, and feeding by mixing various coarse feeds and concentrated feeds, wherein the ratio of the coarse concentrated feeds is 40:60 or 30:70, the conversion of phytol into phytanic acid products in the rumen by ruminants can be obviously improved, so that the conversion ratio of phytol into phytanic acid in the rumen can be improved.
2. The invention provides a feeding method capable of converting phytol into phytanic acid in a higher proportion in a ruminant rumen, wherein the feeding mode is changed from the traditional regular and quantitative feeding mode to a free feeding mode, and researches show that the free feeding mode can more easily obtain phytanic acid products in the rumen than the regular and quantitative feeding mode, so that the content of the phytanic acid in milk products and meat products is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a feeding method of ruminants according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a table showing the variation of the forage high and low nitrogen fertilizers and the ensilaged phytanic acid and phytol in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the production ratio of phytanic acid and the ratio of phytol in hours according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not delimit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for feeding a ruminant animal with a higher conversion of phytol to phytanic acid in the rumen of the ruminant animal comprises:
s1, cultivating forage, namely cultivating seedlings of the forage in a cultivation field, applying a high-nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation process, wherein the harvesting period is early, namely harvesting treatment is carried out at the early stage of ear emergence, cultivating Italian ryegrass with different fertilization levels in a test field, applying a high-nitrogen fertilizer to one part and not applying a high-nitrogen fertilizer to the other part in the cultivation process, as shown in figure 2, cultivating the forage in vitro through rumen fluid, and determining phytanic acid, wherein the test result shows that the Italian ryegrass has the early stage of ear emergence of 0.14 and the late stage of ear emergence of 0.13 when the low-nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the Italian ryegrass has the early stage of ear emergence of 0.30 and the late stage of ear emergence of 0.24 when the high-nitrogen fertilizer is applied, so that the Italian ryegrass harvested at the early stage can obtain more phytanic acid products in rumens;
s2, ensiling preparation of forage, harvesting the forage by a harvester after forage cultivation is finished, ensiling the collected forage, wherein the harvested forage used for ensiling preparation has a water content of more than 60%, compacting and sealing the collected forage, so that the stored forage is isolated from outside air to cause internal oxygen deficiency and anaerobic fermentation, and the forage generates organic acid, as shown in figure 2, the forage is cultured in vitro by rumen fluid, phytanic acid is determined, and a test result shows that after Italian ryegrass is ensiled, when low nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the early stage of emergence is 0.26, and the later stage of emergence is 0.20, when high nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the early stage of emergence is 0.46, and the later stage of emergence is 0.42, and the result shows that high nitrogen fertilizer cultivation is performed, and after early stage ryegrass is harvested, more phytanic acid products can be obtained in the rumen;
s3, preparing a feed, matching coarse fodder and fine fodder, wherein the matching ratio of the coarse fodder to the fine fodder in the feed is 40; the coarse-fine ratio is set as 100:0 (T1), 90:10 (T2), 80:20 (T3), 70:30 (T4), 60:40 (T5), 50:50 (T5), 40:60 (T6), 30:70 (T7) as shown in Table 1 below
TABLE 1
Test results show that when the coarse-fine ratio is 40:60 (T6), the phytanic acid conversion is 37%, compared to 60:40 (T5) the conversion rate is obviously improved by 32 percent of the coarse and fine proportion, so that the coarse and fine matching of the feed is 40:60 can be more favorable for the conversion of phytol into phytanic acid products in the stomach.
The fodder consists of several fodder components, and the fodder is prepared by setting three groups of fodder components, namely, T1: wangcao, T2: mixing the wangcao, cassava stem and leaf and the stylosanthes guianensis, and mixing the T3: the ration roughage proportion of the king grass, the cassava stem and leaf, the pillar flower grass, the paper mulberry leaf, the pineapple peel, the weed, the king grass of roughage, the cassava stem and leaf, the pillar flower grass, the paper mulberry leaf, the pineapple peel and the weed is 5:5, the coarse fodder is freeze-dried material, the material compositions of all kinds are equal proportion, and are respectively cultured in vitro with rumen fluid, and the proportion of phytol converted into phytanic acid is calculated, which is shown in Table 2
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 2, in the case of a large or more complicated roughage composition, phytol is converted into phytanic acid at a higher ratio, and thus, in the case of feeding forage for ruminants, the roughage is fed after mixing a plurality of roughages.
S4, feeding the fodder, wherein a free feeding mode is adopted for feeding forage of the ruminants, and phytanic acid and phytol change rules in rumens are monitored through different feeding modes. The breeding manner was set to 2 treatments, i.e., T1: free feeding, T2: the rumen fluid was taken every morning and evening (9 and 17: 00), and phytol and phytanic acid concentrations were analyzed every three hours on the day following the experimental period, and the results showed that the mean phytanic acid concentration in the rumen was slightly higher under free feeding conditions, so more phytanic acid product was more available in the rumen by feeding in a free feeding mode.
Example 2
S1, cultivating forage, namely cultivating seedlings of the forage in a cultivation field, applying a high-nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation process, wherein the harvesting period is early, namely harvesting treatment is carried out at the early stage of ear emergence, cultivating Italian ryegrass with different fertilization levels in a test field, applying a high-nitrogen fertilizer to one part and not applying a high-nitrogen fertilizer to the other part in the cultivation process, as shown in figure 2, cultivating the forage in vitro through rumen fluid, and determining phytanic acid, wherein the test result shows that the Italian ryegrass has the early stage of ear emergence of 0.14 and the late stage of ear emergence of 0.13 when the low-nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the Italian ryegrass has the early stage of ear emergence of 0.30 and the late stage of ear emergence of 0.24 when the high-nitrogen fertilizer is applied, so that the Italian ryegrass harvested at the early stage can obtain more phytanic acid products in rumens;
s2, ensiling preparation of forage, harvesting the forage by a harvester after cultivation of the forage is completed, preparing the ensiling of the collected forage, compacting and sealing the collected forage to isolate the stored forage from outside air to cause internal oxygen deficiency and anaerobic fermentation, so that the forage generates organic acid, culturing the forage in vitro by rumen fluid as shown in figure 2, measuring phytanic acid, and showing a test result that after the italian ryegrass is ensiled, when low nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the early stage of emergence is 0.26, the later stage of emergence is 0.20, when high nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the early stage of emergence is 0.46, and the later stage of emergence is 0.42;
s3, preparing a feed, matching coarse fodder and fine fodder, wherein the matching ratio of the coarse fodder to the fine fodder in the feed is 40; the coarse-fine ratio is set as 100:0 (T1), 90:10 (T2), 80:20 (T3), 70:30 (T4), 60:40 (T5), 50:50 (T5), 40:60 (T6), 30:70 (T7) as shown in Table 1 below
TABLE 1
Test results show that when the coarse-fine ratio is 30:70 (T7), the phytanic acid conversion is 39%, compared to 60:40 (T5) the conversion rate is obviously improved by 32% of the coarse and fine proportion, so that the coarse and fine matching of the feed is 30:70 can be more favorable for the conversion of phytol into phytanic acid products in the stomach.
The fodder consists of several fodder components, and the fodder is prepared by setting three groups of fodder components, namely, T1: wangcao, T2: mixing the wangcao, cassava stem and leaf and the stylosanthes guianensis, and mixing the T3: the ration roughage proportion of the king grass, the cassava stem and leaf, the pillar flower grass, the paper mulberry leaf, the pineapple peel, the weed, the king grass of roughage, the cassava stem and leaf, the pillar flower grass, the paper mulberry leaf, the pineapple peel and the weed is 5:5, the coarse fodder is freeze-dried material, the material compositions of all kinds are equal proportion, and are respectively cultured in vitro with rumen fluid, and the proportion of phytol converted into phytanic acid is calculated, which is shown in Table 2
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 2, the phytanic acid conversion rates of T1 group, T2 group and T3 group were T1< T2< T3, and it was found that the phytol was converted into phytanic acid at a higher ratio when the types of the roughage components were more varied or more complicated, and therefore, when feeding forage for ruminants, the roughage was fed by mixing various roughages.
S4, feeding the feed, testing the change rule of the phytanic acid content by culturing the phytol in the ensiled Italian ryegrass for a long time, performing experimental simulation as shown in figure 3, selecting the ensiled Italian ryegrass with high phytol content, continuously culturing in vitro for 48 hours, monitoring the phytanic acid content every three hours, calculating the conversion rate, and obtaining a result: with the increase of the culture time, the phytanic acid production ratio is gradually increased, but the conversion ratio is low, only 20% of phytanic acid is obtained after 48 hours, most phytol can not be converted and remains or is decomposed for hours, the time of the feed in the rumen can be prolonged by adopting free feeding to generate more phytanic acid, and then the test is carried out by an actual feeding mode to prepare a fermentation type total mixed ration product, (the coarse feed ratio is 50, the coarse feed comprises wangcao, cassava stem leaves, pineapple peels and a small amount of alfalfa), the feeding mode of the forage of the ruminant is fed by adopting a free feeding mode, the variation law of the phytanic acid and the phytol in the rumen is monitored by different feeding modes, and the feeding mode is set to 2 treatments, namely, T1: free feeding, T2: the rumen fluid was taken every morning and evening (9 and 17: 00), and phytol and phytanic acid concentrations were analyzed every three hours on the day following the experimental period, and the results showed that the mean phytanic acid concentration in the rumen was slightly higher under free feeding conditions, so more phytanic acid product was more available in the rumen by feeding in a free feeding mode.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method of rearing a ruminant animal for converting phytol to phytanic acid in a higher proportion in the rumen of the ruminant animal, comprising:
s1, cultivating forage, namely cultivating forage seedlings in a cultivation field, and applying a high-nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation process;
s2, ensiling and preparing forage, harvesting the forage by a harvester after the forage is cultivated, preparing and ensiling the collected forage, compacting and sealing the collected forage to isolate the stored forage from outside air, so that oxygen deficiency is caused inside the forage, anaerobic fermentation is caused, and organic acid is generated in the forage;
s3, preparing a feed, and matching coarse fodder and fine fodder, wherein the matching proportion of the coarse fodder and the fine fodder in the feed is 40; the coarse feed is freeze-dried, and the compositions of various substances are in equal proportion;
s4, feeding the fodder, namely feeding the forage of the ruminant by adopting a free feeding mode;
harvesting the forage selected in the S2 at an early harvesting period, namely at the early ear emergence period;
the wangcao adopted by the coarse feed in the S3 is dried wangcao, and the fine feed is formed by mixing corn flour, bran and soybean cypress;
the water content of the harvested forage used for ensiling preparation in the S2 is more than 60%.
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