CN113508768A - Ecological breakwater structure suitable for building oyster reef habitat - Google Patents
Ecological breakwater structure suitable for building oyster reef habitat Download PDFInfo
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- CN113508768A CN113508768A CN202110779595.5A CN202110779595A CN113508768A CN 113508768 A CN113508768 A CN 113508768A CN 202110779595 A CN202110779595 A CN 202110779595A CN 113508768 A CN113508768 A CN 113508768A
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- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011464 hollow brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat. The invention is suitable for the technical field of ocean engineering. The technical scheme of the invention is an ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat, which is characterized in that: the breakwater is provided with a breakwater main body and a plurality of slope type reef structures arranged on the wave-facing side of the breakwater main body; the breakwater main body is provided with an internal main body structure constructed by small-particle-size core stones and a surface layer structure constructed by large-particle-size surface stones; slope formula reef body structure has the rectangle structure of building stones and is located the slope body of rectangle structure of building stones top, and the embedded a plurality of ecological concrete oyster frames that provide the place of existence for the oyster attaches the shell larva in rectangle structure edge, slope body top surface be by being close to the slope of breakwater main part end slope downward sloping to keeping away from breakwater main part end.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat. Is applicable to the technical field of ocean engineering.
Background
China is long in coastline, is spread over ports, navigation channels and beaches along the sea, and contains abundant vegetation resources and natural resources. In order to relieve siltation caused by silt entering a harbor area and a navigation area and protect sandy beach corrosion, a near-shore breakwater or an offshore breakwater needs to be built, the traditional breakwater is usually of a concrete structure or a concrete and twist block structure, and although the wave breaking effect is good and the wave breaking is small, the ecological environment is poor. In the field of coastal ecological restoration, oyster reef restoration is one of the main contents, as it can provide a good habitat for other organisms. However, as coastal zones are developed, oyster reefs have become one of the most globally degenerated marine habitats. Therefore, the marine ecological restoration based on the oyster reef reconstruction has become a research hotspot and difficulty in the field.
Chinese patent CN 104686418A discloses an implementation method of an artificial reef construction project for repairing an oyster reef, which comprises the following steps: firstly, arranging a buoy mark at an oyster reef repairing point or a to-be-constructed place when the water level is low or in a tide; loading the artificial reef building materials to a mark of the buoy when the tide or the water level is high; then manually placing and constructing a basic reef type; and finally, monitoring the natural attachment quantity and the growth condition of the oyster larvae on the constructed reefs in a quarterly manner, collecting the repairing condition of the artificial reefs on the oyster reefs, and comparing different artificial placing and constructing basic reef types. The invention utilizes waste hydraulic buildings (hollow bricks or culverts) and waste oyster shells as reefs, and oyster seedlings in a natural sea area are directly attached to the artificial reefs through a series of module group feeding and laying methods, so that the aims of breeding oyster populations, amplifying the area of living oyster reefs and restoring the natural oyster reefs and ecological systems thereof are achieved.
Chinese patent CN 205124717U discloses an artificial oyster combination reef body, including direction brick and oyster shell reef bag, the direction brick is cuboid hollow out construction, and oyster shell reef bag comprises the inside oyster shell that fills of pocket, and oyster shell reef bag sets up in direction brick top along the long limit direction of direction brick, and the combination reef matrix that direction brick and oyster shell reef bag formed arranges and forms the reef body crowd. The utility model discloses it is ordinary with the material, simple structure, can assist the natural habitat who resumes the oyster reef, the reproduction and the growing capacity of reinforcing natural reef body, reinforcing biodiversity, for marine organism provides the habitat that has the guard action, reach the ecological effect who resumes aquatic ecology and maintenance aquatic biological resources.
Chinese patent CN 208039153U the utility model discloses a can keep unblocked ecological breakwater of rivers, including the breakwater dyke body, be equipped with the culvert that overflows in the bottom of breakwater dyke body, be equipped with respectively rather than swing joint and submergence in the biological attachment under water in the both sides of breakwater dyke body, be equipped with the hole on the biological attachment. The utility model can not only ensure the basic performance of breakwater wave absorption, but also maintain the smoothness of the water bodies at the two sides of the breakwater body through the bottom culvert, so that the water body exchange of the breakwater shielding water area is basically ensured; the structure is simple, stable and reliable, and the construction is convenient. From the bionics perspective, the biological attachment body and the dike body structure such as riprap and the like form a biological attachment body made of various materials, and various habitat environments are created for marine organisms such as fish and the like. To sum up, the utility model discloses simple structure, it is with low costs, economic nature is good, can maintain under the prerequisite of the basic function of effective performance breakwater, the water of dyke body both sides is unblocked, the biological habitat space is created, and stable in structure is reliable, the construction and the installation of being convenient for.
Chinese patent CN 210395236U discloses a novel composite ecological breakwater, which comprises a breakwater body, wherein the near water side of the breakwater body is of a slope structure, and the bottom of the near water side of the breakwater body extends to form a protection bottom; the surface of the lower part of the slope of the breakwater body on the side close to water is provided with a plurality of twisted king blocks, the surface of each twisted king block is provided with a concrete block, and the concrete blocks fill gaps on the surfaces of the twisted king blocks; the surface of the upper part of the slope on the side, close to water, of the breakwater body is provided with a twisted king block, the surface of the twisted king block is covered with soil, and greening plants are planted on the surface of the soil; and the boundary between the upper part and the lower part of the slope at the water-close side of the breakwater body is a water level line. The utility model discloses can enough keep the basic function of breakwater, can satisfy ecological, beautify the demand in the aspect again furthest.
To sum up, the ecological restoration is carried out in the hollow brick in the present oyster reef restoration focus on, and the breakwater mainly passes through water or the surface is add the prince button block combination vegetation and improves the ecological character through the drilling, and both do not realize effective combination, and the breakwater ecological effect is not good enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in view of the problems, the ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing the oyster reef habitat is provided, so that the ocean ecological environment is improved while the functions of breakwater wave dissipation and coastal structure and resource protection are exerted, and technical support is provided for coastal breakwater construction and ecological improvement.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a be suitable for ecological breakwater structure of founding oyster reef habitat which characterized in that: the breakwater is provided with a breakwater main body and a plurality of slope type reef structures arranged on the wave-facing side of the breakwater main body;
the breakwater main body is provided with an internal main body structure constructed by small-particle-size core stones and a surface layer structure constructed by large-particle-size surface stones;
slope formula reef body structure has the rectangle structure of building stones and is located the slope body of rectangle structure of building stones top, and the embedded a plurality of ecological concrete oyster frames that provide the place of existence for the oyster attaches the shell larva in rectangle structure edge, slope body top surface be by being close to the slope of breakwater main part end slope downward sloping to keeping away from breakwater main part end.
The breakwater main body is of a trapezoidal stone structure, and the gradient of two sides is less than or equal to 1: 2.5.
The particle size of the heart stone is preferably between 30 and 50 cm; the particle size of the flour stone is preferably not less than 100cm, and the thickness of the surface layer structure is about 200 cm.
The core stone is directly paved on the seabed, and the face stone is paved on the inner main body structure and is paved on the seabed through the gabion cushion layer at the contact part with the seabed.
The thickness of the gabion cushion layer is between 30 and 50cm, and the diameter of the mesh is less than or equal to 10 cm.
The width of the slope body is gradually reduced from the end, away from the breakwater body, of the slope body to the end, close to the breakwater body, of the slope body.
The slope of the slope surface on the slope body is less than or equal to 1: 5.
and a gabion cushion layer is laid on the lower portion of the rectangular masonry structure, the thickness of the gabion cushion layer is 30-50 cm, and the diameter of meshes is smaller than or equal to 10 cm.
The ecological concrete oyster frame is a cubic frame, and the inside is filled with the attached shell larva of pocket parcel.
The distance between the adjacent slope type reef body structures is less than or equal to 20 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the breakwater main body is constructed by using the large-particle-size stone and the small-particle-size core stone, so that the wave dissipation performance and the voidage of the breakwater main body are ensured, a habitat is provided for organisms under the action of waves, the breakwater can fully utilize building waste materials, and the energy saving performance is met.
According to the invention, by constructing the slope type reef body structure with a smaller slope on the wave-facing side and embedding the ecological concrete oyster frames at intervals, on one hand, gentle slope wave breaking waves under the action of small waves can be formed, so that the beach-simulated dynamic environment is formed, and the hydrodynamic diversity is improved; on the other hand, the frontal impact of the waves is further reduced, and the living environment of oysters and other organisms is improved.
The invention provides an ecological breakwater construction method suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat, which is wide in applicability, and improves the marine ecological environment while exerting functions of breakwater wave dissipation, coastal structure protection and resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ecological concrete oyster frame in the embodiment.
11. An internal body structure; 12. a face layer structure; 13. a gabion cushion layer; 14. a navigation system; 23. a ramp body; 24. a rectangular stone structure; 25. ecological concrete oyster frame; 30. and (4) attaching the shell larvae.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment is an ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat, and the ecological breakwater structure comprises a breakwater main body and a plurality of slope-type reef structures arranged on the wave-facing side of the breakwater main body, wherein the distance between every two adjacent slope-type reef structures is not more than 20 m.
In the embodiment, the breakwater main body is provided with an inner main body structure constructed by small-particle-size core stones and a surface layer structure constructed by large-particle-size surface stones, the core stones are directly paved on the seabed, and the surface stones are paved on the inner main body structure and the seabed on two sides of the inner main body structure through gabion bedding layers.
In the embodiment, the breakwater main body is of a stone structure with a trapezoidal cross section, and the gradient of two sides is not more than 1: 2.5. The particle size of the heart stone is preferably between 30 and 50 cm; the particle size of the flour stone is preferably not less than 100cm, and the thickness of the surface layer structure is about 200 cm.
In the embodiment, the particle size of the block stones of the slope type reef structure is between 40 and 90cm, the reef structure is provided with a rectangular stone building structure and a slope body positioned above the rectangular stone building structure, and the lower part of the rectangular stone building structure is arranged on the seabed through a gabion cushion layer.
In this embodiment, embedded a plurality of ecological concrete oyster frames in rectangle masonry structure edge provides the place of survival for the oyster attaches the shell larva. As shown in fig. 3, the ecological concrete oyster frame is poured by ecological concrete, is a square frame, is embedded in the reef structure, and is internally filled with net bags to wrap the larvae, so as to provide a stable space for manually placing the oyster larvae.
In the embodiment, the top surface of the slope body is a slope surface which is inclined downwards from the end close to the breakwater main body to the end far away from the breakwater main body, and the slope of the slope surface is not more than 1:5, so that small wave climbing and crushing are facilitated. The width of the slope body is gradually reduced from the end, far away from the breakwater main body, of the slope body to the end, close to the breakwater main body, of the slope body, the width, far away from the breakwater main body, of the slope body is close to the width of the rectangular stone masonry structure, the width, near the breakwater main body, of the slope body is far smaller than the width of the other end of the slope body, the slope body is integrally arranged in a triangular mode on the plane, the structure is stable and reliable, and more arrangement spaces are provided for the ecological concrete oyster frame below.
In the embodiment, the thickness of the gabion cushion layer is between 30 and 50cm, and the diameter of the mesh is not more than 10 cm. In the embodiment, a navigation system is arranged at the top of the breakwater main body to remind the coming and going ships to avoid.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a be suitable for ecological breakwater structure of founding oyster reef habitat which characterized in that: the breakwater is provided with a breakwater main body and a plurality of slope type reef structures arranged on the wave-facing side of the breakwater main body;
the breakwater main body is provided with an internal main body structure constructed by small-particle-size core stones and a surface layer structure constructed by large-particle-size surface stones;
slope formula reef body structure has the rectangle structure of building stones and is located the slope body of rectangle structure of building stones top, and the embedded a plurality of ecological concrete oyster frames that provide the place of existence for the oyster attaches the shell larva in rectangle structure edge, slope body top surface be by being close to the slope of breakwater main part end slope downward sloping to keeping away from breakwater main part end.
2. The ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat according to claim 1, wherein: the breakwater main body is of a stone structure with a trapezoidal cross section, and the gradient of two sides is less than or equal to 1: 2.5.
3. The ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the particle size of the heart stone is preferably between 30 and 50 cm; the particle size of the flour stone is preferably not less than 100cm, and the thickness of the surface layer structure is about 200 cm.
4. The ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the core stone is directly paved on the seabed, and the face stone is paved on the inner main body structure and is paved on the seabed through the gabion cushion layer at the contact part with the seabed.
5. The ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat according to claim 4, wherein: the thickness of the gabion cushion layer is between 30 and 50cm, and the diameter of the mesh is less than or equal to 10 cm.
6. The ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat according to claim 1, wherein: the width of the slope body is gradually reduced from the end, away from the breakwater body, of the slope body to the end, close to the breakwater body, of the slope body.
7. The ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat according to claim 1 or 6, wherein: the slope of the slope surface on the slope body is less than or equal to 1: 5.
8. the ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat according to claim 1, wherein: and a gabion cushion layer is laid on the lower portion of the rectangular masonry structure, the thickness of the gabion cushion layer is 30-50 cm, and the diameter of meshes is smaller than or equal to 10 cm.
9. The ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat according to claim 1, wherein: the ecological concrete oyster frame is a cubic frame, and the inside is filled with the attached shell larva of pocket parcel.
10. The ecological breakwater structure suitable for constructing an oyster reef habitat according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the adjacent slope type reef body structures is less than or equal to 20 m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110779595.5A CN113508768A (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2021-07-09 | Ecological breakwater structure suitable for building oyster reef habitat |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110779595.5A CN113508768A (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2021-07-09 | Ecological breakwater structure suitable for building oyster reef habitat |
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| CN113508768A true CN113508768A (en) | 2021-10-19 |
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| CN202110779595.5A Withdrawn CN113508768A (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2021-07-09 | Ecological breakwater structure suitable for building oyster reef habitat |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN210395236U (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-04-24 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Novel ecological breakwater of combined type |
| CN111270647A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-06-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Service ocean breakwater ecologization method |
| CN111636373A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-08 | 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 | Oyster reef row and sea dike foot protection device and dike foot protection method |
| CN111691362A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-22 | 河海大学 | Novel ecological combined seawall structure and manufacturing method |
| CN212956358U (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2021-04-13 | 广东航鑫咨询有限公司 | Slope type breakwater structure |
| CN213014131U (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-04-20 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Artificial algal reef type ecological coast protection structure |
-
2021
- 2021-07-09 CN CN202110779595.5A patent/CN113508768A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN210395236U (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-04-24 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Novel ecological breakwater of combined type |
| CN111270647A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-06-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Service ocean breakwater ecologization method |
| CN111691362A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-22 | 河海大学 | Novel ecological combined seawall structure and manufacturing method |
| CN111636373A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-08 | 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 | Oyster reef row and sea dike foot protection device and dike foot protection method |
| CN212956358U (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2021-04-13 | 广东航鑫咨询有限公司 | Slope type breakwater structure |
| CN213014131U (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-04-20 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Artificial algal reef type ecological coast protection structure |
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| SCAPE景观设计公司: "有生命的防波堤——纽约沿海绿色基础设施", 《景观设计学》 * |
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Application publication date: 20211019 |