CN113475694B - 一种无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉及其生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉及其生产方法。所述无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉其制备包括以下重量份的原料:无麸质薯类100~140份,多菌种复合发酵剂0.1~0.6份,高直链淀粉6~20份,蛋白质10~20份;所述多菌种复合发酵剂的制备包括下述重量份的组分:面包酵母100~200份,植物乳杆菌60~120份,枯草芽孢杆菌10~40份,山梨醇硬脂酸酯1.2~2.8份。本发明适用于无麸质薯类原料,应用其制备出的馒头、花卷等面食具有疏松度好、香气浓郁、口感细腻、耐老化的特点,同时也满足了乳糜泻人群对发酵类主食的需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉及其生产方法。
背景技术
乳糜泻是一种对麦醇溶蛋白终生不耐受的疾病,患者摄入谷朊蛋白后会引发小肠炎症,从而会对一些重要营养物质,如铁,叶酸,钙和脂溶性维生素等产生吸收障碍,目前全世界乳糜泻患者超过总人口1%,数量相当庞大。对于乳糜泻病唯一有效的治疗方法,是终生严格坚持食用无麸质(无谷朊蛋白)食品。国际食品法典标准对无谷朊蛋白食品的定义是:食品中谷朊蛋白含量不得超过200ppm。
实施薯类主食化技术以来,现有技术中已取得阶段性研究进展,但目前薯类主食加工技术还不能满足我国居民对特殊营养主食产品的迫切需求。由于无麸质薯类主食原料,不含麦胶蛋白和麦谷蛋白,纤维质含量高,与面粉相比粉质粗糙,和面过程中面团与压面机磙子、自动成型系统机械抓手间易粘连,连续化程度低,同时存在成型难、疏松度差、风味单一、易老化且质地粗糙等诸多技术难题,限制无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉的发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉及其生产方法,以解决现有技术中无麸质薯类预拌粉发酵时存在成型难、疏松度差、风味单一、易老化粗糙的技术问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了以下技术方案:
本发明提供的一种无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉,其制备包括以下重量份的原料:无麸质薯类100~140份,多菌种复合发酵剂0.1~0.6份,高直链淀粉6~20份,蛋白质10~20份;
所述多菌种复合发酵剂的制备包括下述重量份的组分:面包酵母100~200份,植物乳杆菌60~120份,枯草芽孢杆菌10~40份,山梨醇硬脂酸酯1.2~2.8份。
进一步的,各原料的重量份分别为:无麸质薯类110~130份,多菌种复合发酵剂0.3~0.5份,高直链淀粉8~15份,蛋白质12~15份。
进一步的,各原料的重量份分别为:无麸质薯类120份,多菌种复合发酵剂0.4份,高直链淀粉8份,蛋白质15份。
进一步的,所述无麸质薯类包括马铃薯淀粉、甘薯淀粉、紫薯淀粉、马铃薯全粉、甘薯全粉和紫薯全粉中的任意一种或任意几种。
进一步的,所述多菌种复合发酵剂中,各组分的重量份分别为:面包酵母100~180份,植物乳杆菌80~100份,枯草芽孢杆菌20~30份,山梨醇硬脂酸酯1.5~2.5份。
进一步的,所述多菌种复合发酵剂中,各组分的重量份分别为:面包酵母150份,植物乳杆菌100份,枯草芽孢杆菌20份,山梨醇硬脂酸酯2份。
进一步的,所述多菌种复合发酵剂的活性为1×1010cfu/g~2×1010cfu/g。
进一步的,所述高直链淀粉中直链淀粉含量≥50%。
进一步的,所述蛋白质为大豆蛋白。
本发明提供的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉的制备方法,包括下述步骤:
(1)制备多菌种复合发酵剂:
将面包酵母菌种、植物乳杆菌菌种和枯草芽孢杆菌菌种分别依次进行增殖培养、菌体分离浓缩、真空冷冻干燥,得到面包酵母、植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢;按重量份配比称取面包酵母、植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢和山梨醇硬脂酸酯,制得多菌种复合发酵剂;
(2)按重量份配比称取步骤(1)制备的多菌种复合发酵剂、无麸质薯类、高直链淀粉和蛋白质;
(3)按重量份取步骤(2)中称取的无麸质薯类20~40份,进行超高压韧化处理对其进行改性,所述超高压韧化处理是在压力为180~220Mpa、温度为40~60℃,处理1.5~2.5min;处理后得到改性无麸质薯类;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的改性无麸质薯类与步骤(2)中称取的多菌种复合发酵剂、高直链淀粉、蛋白质以及未经超高压韧化处理的无麸质薯类混合均匀,即得无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中,所述菌体分离浓缩是在转速为3500~4500r/min离心8~12min;所述真空冷冻干燥包括预冷冻和冷冻干燥,所述预冷冻是在温度为-28~-32℃冷冻5~7h,所述冷冻干燥是在温度为-28~-32℃冷冻干燥11~13h。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中,按重量份取无麸质薯类25~35份;所述超高压韧化处理是在压力为200Mpa、温度为50℃,处理2min。
基于上述技术方案,本发明实施例至少可以产生如下技术效果:
(1)本发明提供的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉,采用面包酵母、植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和山梨醇硬脂酸酯制备的多菌种复合发酵剂,结合真空冷冻干燥制备菌剂,既能保持无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉的活菌数量与活性,同时能提高最终产品(比如应用此无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉制备的馒头、花卷等面食)的产气、持气能力;
(2)本发明提供的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉,通过对部分无麸质薯类超高压韧化处理,增加了淀粉非结晶区直链淀粉溶出数量,提高了无麸质薯类直链淀粉的含量,结合添加高直链淀粉辅料,改变原料直/支链淀粉比例,淀粉与其它大分子间氢键及缠绕作用增强,增加面团发酵过程中蛋白/食品胶网络结构的稳定性,从而提高产品面团的发酵能力;
(3)本发明提供的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉,通过添加外源蛋白质,改变原料巯基与二硫键含量,提高了面团的产气能力;
(4)本发明提供的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉,适用于无麸质薯类原料,开发无麸质薯类发酵主食,应用本发明中的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉进行馒头、花卷等面食的制备时,和面过程中面团与压面机磙子、自动成型系统机械抓手间不粘连,连续化程度高,克服了成型难与易老化的问题,制备出的馒头、花卷等面食具有疏松度好、香气浓郁、口感细腻、耐老化的特点,同时也满足了乳糜泻人群对发酵类主食的需求。
具体实施方式
下述实施例1-5中以及对比例1-4中采用的高直链淀粉相同,且直链淀粉含量≥50%。
一、制备实施例
实施例1:
制备无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉:
1.1原料(按重量份)
无麸质薯类110份,多菌种复合发酵剂0.3份,高直链淀粉10份,蛋白质(采用大豆蛋白)12份;
多菌种复合发酵剂中,面包酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)100份、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacilus planetarium)80份和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)20份,辅料山梨醇硬脂酸酯1.5份;
无麸质薯类中,包括马铃薯淀粉20份、甘薯淀粉20份、紫薯淀粉20份、马铃薯全粉20份、甘薯全粉20份和紫薯全粉10份。
1.2制备方法
(1)制备多菌种复合发酵剂:
将面包酵母菌种、植物乳杆菌菌种和枯草芽孢杆菌菌种分别依次进行增殖培养、菌体分离浓缩、真空冷冻干燥,得到面包酵母、植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢;按重量份配比称取面包酵母、植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢和山梨醇硬脂酸酯混合,制得多菌种复合发酵剂;
所述增殖培养,培养基为MRS,在37℃恒温培养箱培养24h;
所述菌体分离浓缩是在转速为4000r/min离心10min;
所述真空冷冻干燥包括预冷冻和冷冻干燥,所述预冷冻是在温度为-30℃冷冻6h,所述冷冻干燥是在温度为-30℃冷冻干燥12h;制得的多菌种复合发酵剂的;
(2)按重量份配比称取步骤(1)制备的多菌种复合发酵剂、无麸质薯类、高直链淀粉和蛋白质;
(3)按重量份取步骤(2)中称取的无麸质薯类25份,进行超高压韧化处理对其进行改性,所述超高压韧化处理是在压力为200Mpa、温度为50℃,处理2min;处理后得到改性无麸质薯类;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的改性无麸质薯类与步骤(2)中称取的多菌种复合发酵剂、高直链淀粉、蛋白质以及未经超高压韧化处理的无麸质薯类混合均匀,即得无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉。
实施例2:
制备无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉:
2.1原料(按重量份)
无麸质薯类120份,多菌种复合发酵剂0.4份,高直链淀粉8份,蛋白质(采用大豆蛋白)15份;
多菌种复合发酵剂中,面包酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)150份、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacilus planetarium)100份和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)20份,辅料山梨醇硬脂酸酯2份;
无麸质薯类采用马铃薯淀粉。
2.2制备方法
同实施例1。
实施例3:
制备无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉:
3.1原料(按重量份)
无麸质薯类130份,多菌种复合发酵剂0.5份,高直链淀粉15份,蛋白质(采用大豆蛋白)15份;
多菌种复合发酵剂中,面包酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)180份、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacilus planetarium)100份和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)30份,辅料山梨醇硬脂酸酯2.5份;
无麸质薯类采用紫薯全粉。
3.2制备方法
同实施例1。
实施例4:
制备无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉:
4.1原料(按重量份)
无麸质薯类100份,多菌种复合发酵剂0.1份,高直链淀粉20份,蛋白质(采用大豆蛋白)10份;
多菌种复合发酵剂中,面包酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)160份、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacilus planetarium)120份和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)40份,辅料山梨醇硬脂酸酯2.2份;
无麸质薯类中,包括马铃薯淀粉10份、甘薯淀粉15份、紫薯淀粉15份、马铃薯全粉30份、甘薯全粉20份和紫薯全粉10份。
4.2制备方法
(1)制备多菌种复合发酵剂:
将面包酵母菌种、植物乳杆菌菌种和枯草芽孢杆菌菌种分别依次进行增殖培养、菌体分离浓缩、真空冷冻干燥,得到面包酵母、植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢;按重量份配比称取面包酵母、植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢和山梨醇硬脂酸酯混合,制得多菌种复合发酵剂;
所述增殖培养,培养基为MRS,在37℃恒温培养箱培养24h;
所述菌体分离浓缩是在转速为4500r/min离心8min;
所述真空冷冻干燥包括预冷冻和冷冻干燥,所述预冷冻是在温度为-28℃冷冻7h,所述冷冻干燥是在温度为-28℃冷冻干燥13h;;
(2)按重量份配比称取步骤(1)制备的多菌种复合发酵剂、无麸质薯类、高直链淀粉和蛋白质;
(3)按重量份取步骤(2)中称取的无麸质薯类20份,进行超高压韧化处理对其进行改性,所述超高压韧化处理是在压力为180Mpa、温度为60℃,处理2.5min;处理后得到改性无麸质薯类;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的改性无麸质薯类与步骤(2)中称取的多菌种复合发酵剂、高直链淀粉、蛋白质以及未经超高压韧化处理的无麸质薯类混合均匀,即得无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉。
实施例5:
制备无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉:
5.1原料(按重量份)
无麸质薯类140份,多菌种复合发酵剂0.6份,高直链淀粉6份,蛋白质(采用大豆蛋白)20份;
多菌种复合发酵剂中,面包酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)130份、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacilus planetarium)60份和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)10份,辅料山梨醇硬脂酸酯1.8份;
无麸质薯类采用甘薯淀粉60份、紫薯淀粉30份、马铃薯全粉50份。
5.2制备方法
(1)制备多菌种复合发酵剂:
将面包酵母菌种、植物乳杆菌菌种和枯草芽孢杆菌菌种分别依次进行增殖培养、菌体分离浓缩、真空冷冻干燥,得到面包酵母、植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢;按重量份配比称取面包酵母、植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢和山梨醇硬脂酸酯,制得多菌种复合发酵剂;
所述增殖培养,培养基为MRS,在37℃恒温培养箱培养24h;
所述菌体分离浓缩是在转速为3500r/min离心12min;
所述真空冷冻干燥包括预冷冻和冷冻干燥,所述预冷冻是在温度为-32℃冷冻5h,所述冷冻干燥是在温度为-32℃冷冻干燥11h;
(2)按重量份配比称取步骤(1)制备的多菌种复合发酵剂、无麸质薯类、高直链淀粉和蛋白质;
(3)按重量份取步骤(2)中称取的无麸质薯类40份,进行超高压韧化处理对其进行改性,所述超高压韧化处理是在压力为220Mpa、温度为40℃,处理2.5min;处理后得到改性无麸质薯类;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的改性无麸质薯类与步骤(2)中称取的多菌种复合发酵剂、高直链淀粉、蛋白质以及未经超高压韧化处理的无麸质薯类混合均匀,即得无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉。
二、对比例:
对比例1:
与实施例1不同的是:不添加蛋白质;
其他原料的添加量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同,制得无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉。
对比例2:
与实施例1不同的是:取消在无麸质薯类原料中称取25份进行超高压韧化处理处理;
其他原料的添加量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同,制得无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉。
对比例3:
与实施例1不同的是:不添加辅料山梨醇硬脂酸酯;
其他原料的添加量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同,制得无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉。
对比例4:
与实施例1不同的是:不添加高直链淀粉;
其他原料的添加量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同,制得无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉。
三、实验例
1、检测实施例1-5中以及对比例1-4中制备的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉中菌剂的活性。
(1)检测方法:
菌剂活性测定釆用稀释平板法;即将菌液梯度进行稀释,选取适当稀释度菌液1mL,于灭菌培养皿中,然后倒入冷至45-50℃的MRS固体培养基,混匀。37℃恒温培养48h后计数。
(2)检测结果:
如下表1所示。
2、将实施例1-5中以及对比例1-4中制备的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉分别制备成馒头,并分别对制得的馒头进行检测。
(1)馒头的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉与饮用水按1:40的质量比混合,送入压面机挤压8min;在和面过程中面团与压面机磙子、自动成型系统机械抓手间不粘连;
S2:将面团挤压后分割成每个50克的馒头坯;
S3:将馒头坯放置在温度30℃、湿度70%的恒温培养箱环境中发酵40分钟;
S4:将发酵完成后的馒头坯放入沸腾状态的蒸锅中,持续加热蒸锅蒸煮馒头坯10分钟,得到馒头成品。
(2)检测方法:
①比容的测定
杂粮馒头体积采用小米置换法测定,精确到5mL。馒头比容按照下式进行计算:
λ=V/m
式中:λ-馒头比容,单位为毫升每克(mL·g-1);V-馒头体积,单位为毫升(mL);m-馒头质量,单位为克(g)。计算结果保留2位小数。
②高径比测定
用游标卡尺测定馒头的高H与直径D,高径比=H/D。
③香气测定
本发明香气采用感官测定,测定时选定10个嗅觉和味觉正常的测评人员,对刚刚出蒸锅的馒头进行香气和口感测定。
④质构测定
将馒头样品切成25mm厚度大小一致,平放进行质构测定。测定参数:探头为P/36柱形探头,测前、测试、测后速度分为2、1、1mm/s,感应力5g,压缩率50%,两次压缩时间5s。测定指标为:硬度、回复性、咀嚼性,测量在10min内完成,每个样品重复6次平行试验。
(3)检测结果:
如下表1所示。
表1检测结果
由表1可知,由于本发明制备出的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉活菌含量丰富,能提高馒头的产气、持气能力;所以应用本发明中制备出的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉制备出的馒头比体积以及高径比的优势比较明显,说明疏松度较好,并且香气浓郁。用本发明中的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉进行馒头、花卷等面食的制备时,和面过程中面团与压面机磙子、自动成型系统机械抓手间不粘连,连续化程度高,克服了成型难的问题,制备出的馒头、花卷等面食具有、香气浓郁、口感细腻、耐老化的特点。
Claims (8)
1.一种无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉,其特征在于:其制备包括以下重量份的原料:无麸质薯类100~140份,多菌种复合发酵剂0.1~0.6份,高直链淀粉6~20份,蛋白质10~20份;
所述无麸质薯类包括马铃薯淀粉、甘薯淀粉、紫薯淀粉、马铃薯全粉、甘薯全粉和紫薯全粉中的任意一种或任意几种;
所述多菌种复合发酵剂的制备包括下述重量份的组分:面包酵母100~200份,植物乳杆菌60~120份,枯草芽孢杆菌10~40份,山梨醇硬脂酸酯1.2~2.8份;
所述无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉的制备方法,包括下述步骤:
(1)制备多菌种复合发酵剂:
将面包酵母菌种、植物乳杆菌菌种和枯草芽孢杆菌菌种分别依次进行增殖培养、菌体分离浓缩、真空冷冻干燥,得到面包酵母、植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌;按重量份配比称取面包酵母、植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和山梨醇硬脂酸酯,制得多菌种复合发酵剂;
(2)按重量份配比称取步骤(1)制备的多菌种复合发酵剂、无麸质薯类、高直链淀粉和蛋白质;
(3)按重量份取步骤(2)中称取的无麸质薯类20~40份,进行超高压韧化处理对其进行改性,所述超高压韧化处理是在压力为180~220Mpa、温度为40~60℃,处理1.5~2.5min;处理后得到改性无麸质薯类;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的改性无麸质薯类与步骤(2)中称取的多菌种复合发酵剂、高直链淀粉、蛋白质以及未经超高压韧化处理的无麸质薯类混合均匀,即得无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉,其特征在于:各原料的重量份分别为:无麸质薯类110~130份,多菌种复合发酵剂0.3~0.5份,高直链淀粉8~15份,蛋白质12~15份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉,其特征在于:各原料的重量份分别为:无麸质薯类120份,多菌种复合发酵剂0.4份,高直链淀粉8份,蛋白质15份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉,其特征在于:所述多菌种复合发酵剂中,各组分的重量份分别为:面包酵母100~180份,植物乳杆菌80~100份,枯草芽孢杆菌20~30份,山梨醇硬脂酸酯1.5~2.5份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉,其特征在于:所述多菌种复合发酵剂中,各组分的重量份分别为:面包酵母150份,植物乳杆菌100份,枯草芽孢杆菌20份,山梨醇硬脂酸酯2份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉,其特征在于:所述高直链淀粉中直链淀粉含量≥50%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,所述菌体分离浓缩是在转速为3500~4500r/min离心8~12min;所述真空冷冻干燥包括预冷冻和冷冻干燥,所述预冷冻是在温度为-28~-32℃冷冻5~7h,所述冷冻干燥是在温度为-28~-32℃冷冻干燥11~13h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的无麸质薯类发酵预拌粉,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,按重量份取无麸质薯类25~35份;所述超高压韧化处理是在压力为200Mpa、温度为50℃,处理2min。
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