CN113475456A - Method for breeding new strain of deep county pigs - Google Patents
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- CN113475456A CN113475456A CN202110673157.0A CN202110673157A CN113475456A CN 113475456 A CN113475456 A CN 113475456A CN 202110673157 A CN202110673157 A CN 202110673157A CN 113475456 A CN113475456 A CN 113475456A
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- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000020997 lean meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009399 inbreeding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000144980 herd Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000012173 estrus Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 44
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009394 selective breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000009759 San-Chi Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding a new strain of a deep county pig, which comprises the following steps: selecting a basic group of deep-county pigs and sows and a basic group of deep-county boars which meet the requirements to form a core group as a zero generation; step two, mating the selected basic group of the deep county sows and the basic group of the deep county boars, and selecting seeds from the next generation of swinery obtained by mating as a first generation; step three, mating the deeply-county boars and deeply-county sows left in the first generation, and then selecting the seeds from the generated next generation swinery to form the generation 2; and step four, repeating the step three, continuously selecting the seeds to the tenth generation every ten months to obtain the new strain of the deep county pigs. The method for breeding the new strain of the deep-county pigs is simple to operate, the growth speed and the lean meat percentage of the deep-county pigs are obviously improved by carrying out locked breeding on the deep-county pigs, and compared with the existing deep-county pigs, the method has the advantages that the growth cycle is reduced by four months, and the lean meat percentage is improved by 50-55%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a new strain of a deeply county pig.
Background
The deeply county pigs are excellent local pig breeds in China, imported pigs greatly invade China in the last 90 th century, and are from Yorkshire pigs in the United kingdom, Changbai pigs in Denmark, Duroc pigs in the United states and binary and ternary filial generations of the Duroc pigs almost occupy the market of all live pigs in China. The imported pigs have short growth period and the lean meat percentage reaches 65 percent, so that most farmers are not willing to breed local pigs, but the local pigs are the result of breeding of workers in China for thousands of years, and have unique advantages, such as strong disease resistance, coarse feeding resistance, and especially meat quality incomparable with foreign pigs. The Du-Dagao-san-chi pig is compared with the deep county pig, the results are shown in the following table,
| time of marketing | Lean meat percentage | Intramuscular fat | Fat thickness (cm) | |
| Pig in deep county | 12 months old | 40％ | 12％ | 3.6-4.2 |
| Du's Dazao san | 5-6 months | 65％ | 1％ | 1.86-2.15 |
According to the table, the intramuscular fat content of the pigs in the county is more than ten times that of imported pigs, but the growth period of the pigs in the county is long, the lean meat percentage is low, and the cultivation of the pigs in the county is severely restricted.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding a new strain of a deep-county pig, the method can culture the new strain with stable inheritance by performing locked breeding on a deep-county pig flora, the marketing time of the deep-county pig of the new strain is advanced by 4 months, the lean meat percentage can be improved by 10 to 15 percent, and the economic value of the deep-county pig is greatly improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the invention provides a method for breeding a new strain of a deep county pig, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a basic group of deep-county pigs and sows and a basic group of deep-county boars which meet the requirements to form a core group as a zero generation;
step two, mating the selected basic group of the deep county sows and the basic group of the deep county boars, and selecting seeds from the next generation of swinery obtained by mating as a first generation;
step three, mating the deeply-county boars and deeply-county sows left in the first generation, and then selecting the seeds from the generated next generation swinery to form the generation 2;
and step four, repeating the step three, selecting seeds for one generation every ten months continuously until the tenth generation, and obtaining the new strain of the deep county pigs.
At present, domestic pig breeding mainly comes from Yorkshire pigs in the United kingdom, Changbai pigs in Denmark, Duroc pigs in the United states and binary and ternary filial generations of the Duroc pigs, the growth cycle of the imported pigs is short, the lean meat percentage is as high as 65 percent, the imported pigs have high economic value, but the imported pigs have weak disease resistance, are not resistant to coarse feeding and have low reproduction rate. The deeply county pigs serving as local pig breeds in China have strong disease resistance, are resistant to rough feeding and high in reproduction rate, are particularly suitable for local environment, but have lower overall economic value than imported pigs due to longer marketing time and relatively lower lean meat percentage. Therefore, how to improve the overall economic value of the pigs in the deep county is a key for solving the problem of unmanned feeding of the pigs in the deep county.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a selection and breeding method of a new strain of a deep-county pig, the selection and breeding method selects a high-quality basic group of the deep-county pig sow and a high-quality basic group of the deep-county boar to form a core group for closed breeding, the generation turnover is fast, and the quality of offspring can be guaranteed to be higher than that of the previous generation through selection, so that the heritage improvement is obviously accumulated, the new strain with stable inheritance can be cultured, the marketing time of the deep-county pig of the new strain is advanced by 4 months, the lean meat percentage can be improved by 10 to 15 percent, and the economic value of the deep-county pig is greatly improved.
Preferably, the selection criteria for selecting the core-forming core group of the deep-county sow basic group and the deep-county boar basic group meeting the requirements are as follows: individuals with large body size, strong disease resistance, fast growth speed and developed limbs are selected to form a basic group. The selection is to ensure the excellent gene and is beneficial to cultivating high-quality pig breeds with high reproduction rate, short growth cycle and high lean meat percentage.
Preferably, the step of selecting the basic group of the sows in the county and the basic group of the boars in the county to form the core group further comprises the following steps: the selected base group of the deep-county sows and the base group of the deep-county boars are selected from the deep-county pigs cultured in multiple regions. Therefore, the selection can exert the multi-state and differential advantages of the deep-county pig breeds cultured in different regions, and is beneficial to culturing higher-quality deep-county pig strains.
Preferably, the selection criteria further include: the number of the selected nipples of the sows in the deep county is not less than 8 pairs, and no physiological defect exists. This selection was also done to ensure genetic advantage in the case of the prefecture pig, which is favorable for the accumulation of genetic improvement.
Preferably, the number ratio of the base group of the deep-county boars to the base group of the deep-county sows is 1: 5. By limiting the male-female proportion of the pigs in the deep county, the method is favorable for improving the mating success rate. In order to ensure the mating efficiency, manual mating is adopted during actual mating.
Preferably, the time for breeding in the third step is the third estrus of sows in the deep county. By limiting the mating time, the mating success rate can be effectively improved.
Preferably, in the second step, the first generation carries out seed selection when the bred herds are two months old, and the number of seeds left is 2-3 per litter. By screening all litters, pig breeds with good genes can be obtained, and accumulation of genetic improvement is facilitated.
Preferably, the second generation is selected at four months of age of the herd obtained by the first generation breeding. By limiting the hybridization time, the method is beneficial to selecting pig breeds with excellent genes and excellent breed characteristics, and further ensures that the performance indexes of the hybridized pigs are excellent.
Preferably, the selection criteria in the third step are to select pigs with high growth speed, no physiological defects, developed limbs and more than or equal to 8 pairs of nipples as breeding pigs. Therefore, screening is favorable for selecting the pig breed with high growth speed and further improving the growth speed.
Preferably, the performance indexes of the new strain are as follows: the slaughtering time is less than or equal to 8 months, and the lean meat percentage is 50-55%. Compared with the original deep-county pigs, the new-strain deep-county pigs obtained through selective breeding of multiple generations have the marketing time advanced by four months, the lean meat percentage is improved by 10-15%, and the economic value is remarkably improved.
Preferably, the inbreeding increment of each generation in the third step does not exceed 2%. By limiting the inbred increment, on one hand, the heterozygosity can be reduced, the homozygosity can be improved, and the genetic character is gradually stabilized; another aspect is effective in preventing and alleviating inbreeding depression.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the method for breeding the new strain of the deep-county pigs, the core group consisting of the high-quality basic group of the deep-county pigs and the high-quality basic group of the deep-county pigs is selected for locked breeding, the generation turnover is fast, and the new strain with stable inheritance can be cultured;
(2) the next generation is bred through various generations of seed selection, so that the quality of the offspring can be higher than that of the previous generation, and the genetic improvement accumulation of various generations can be realized;
(3) by selecting the core group from the deep-county pigs cultured in different regions, the multi-state and differential advantages of the deep-county pig breeds cultured in different regions can be exerted, and the method is beneficial to culturing higher-quality deep-county pig strains;
(4) by limiting the inbred increment, on one hand, the heterozygosity can be reduced, the homozygosity can be improved, and the genetic character is gradually stabilized; on the other hand, the inbreeding depression can be effectively prevented and alleviated;
(5) compared with the existing deep-county pigs, the marketing time of the new strain cultured by the breeding method is 4 months earlier, the lean meat percentage can be improved by 10-15%, and the economic value of the deep-county pigs is greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described examples are some, not all, of the examples of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following description is made in the form of specific embodiments.
Examples
The embodiment provides a breeding method of a new strain of a deep county pig, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a basic group of deep-county pigs and sows and a basic group of deep-county boars which meet the requirements to form a core group as a zero generation;
step two, mating the selected basic group of the deep county sows and the basic group of the deep county boars, and selecting seeds from the next generation of swinery obtained by mating as a first generation;
step three, mating the deeply-county boars and deeply-county sows left in the first generation, and then selecting the seeds from the generated next generation swinery to form the generation 2;
and step four, repeating the step three, selecting seeds for one generation every ten months continuously until the tenth generation, and obtaining the new strain of the deep county pigs.
The selection standard for selecting the core group consisting of the basic group of the deep-county sows and the basic group of the deep-county boars meeting the requirements is as follows: individuals with large body size, strong disease resistance, fast growth speed and developed limbs are selected to form a basic group. The selection is to ensure the excellent gene and is beneficial to cultivating high-quality pig breeds with high reproduction rate, short growth cycle and high lean meat percentage.
In addition, the step of selecting the basic group of the deep-county sows and the basic group of the deep-county boars meeting the requirement to form the core group further comprises the following steps: the selected base group of the deep-county sows and the base group of the deep-county boars are selected from the deep-county pigs cultured in multiple regions. Therefore, the selection can exert the multi-state and differential advantages of the deep-county pig breeds cultured in different regions, and is beneficial to culturing higher-quality deep-county pig strains.
Further, the selection criteria further includes: the number of the selected nipples of the sows in the deep county is not less than 8 pairs, and no physiological defect exists. This selection was also done to ensure genetic advantage in the case of the prefecture pig, which is favorable for the accumulation of genetic improvement.
In this example, the number ratio of the base group of the black-county boar to the base group of the black-county sow is 1: 5. By limiting the male-female proportion of the pigs in the deep county, the method is favorable for improving the mating success rate. In order to ensure the mating efficiency, manual mating is adopted during actual mating.
Specifically, the time for breeding in the third step is the third estrus of sows in the deep county. By limiting the mating time, the mating success rate can be effectively improved.
Specifically, in the second step, the first generation carries out the seed selection when the bred herds are two months old, and the number of the reserved seeds is 2-3 per litter. By screening all the nests, pig breeds with good genes can be obtained, and accumulation of genetic improvement is facilitated.
Specifically, the second generation was selected at four months of age of the herd obtained by the first generation breeding. By limiting the hybridization time, the method is beneficial to selecting pig breeds with excellent genes and excellent breed characteristics, and further ensures that the performance indexes of the hybridized pigs are excellent.
Furthermore, the selection criteria in the third step are to select the pig with high growth speed, no physiological defect, developed limb and more than or equal to 8 pairs of nipples as the breeding pig. Therefore, screening is favorable for selecting the pig breed with high growth speed and further improving the growth speed.
In this example, the inbreeding increment does not exceed 2% per generation in step three. By limiting the inbred increment, on one hand, the heterozygosity can be reduced, the homozygosity can be improved, and the genetic character is gradually stabilized; and on the other hand, the inbreeding depression can be effectively prevented and alleviated.
The performance indexes of the new strain cultured by the embodiment are as follows: the slaughtering time is less than or equal to 8 months, and the lean meat percentage is 50-55%. Compared with the original time for marketing the new strain of the deep-county pigs, the new strain of the deep-county pigs obtained through selective breeding of multiple generations is advanced by four months, the lean meat percentage is improved by 10-15%, and the economic value is remarkably improved.
The breeding method of the new line of the deep county pigs comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, selecting large-size, strong disease resistance, high growth speed, developed limbs and no physiological defect deep county pig individuals cultured in different regions to form a basic group as a zero generation, wherein the proportion of selected boars to sows is 1:5, and the number of selected sows nipples is more than 8 pairs;
then, breeding the selected basic group of the sows in the deep county and the basic group of the boars in the deep county, and selecting the pigs which have high growth speed, no physiological defect, developed limbs and more than or equal to 8 pairs of nipples from the next generation of the pig group obtained by breeding as a first generation; when the time of selecting the seeds is two months of age of the swinery, the number of the reserved seeds is 2-3 per litter;
then, mating the deeply-county boars and deeply-county sows selected and left in the first generation, selecting the pigs when the generated next-generation swinery is four months old, wherein the reserved quantity is 2-3 pigs per litter, the selection standard is that the growth speed is high, no physiological defect exists, the limbs are developed, the number of nipples is more than or equal to 8 pairs, and the selected pigs form the 2 nd generation;
and finally, repeating the previous step, controlling the inbred increment of each generation not to exceed 2 percent for one generation every ten months, and continuously selecting the seeds to the tenth generation to obtain the new strain of the deeply-county pigs.
Taking the pig breeds from the first generation to the tenth generation, and counting the slaughtering time and the lean meat percentage, wherein the results are as follows:
| algebra | Time to go out of the fence (moon) | Lean meat percentage (%) |
| First generation | 12 | 40 |
| Generation two | 12 | 43 |
| Third generation | 11.5 | 45 |
| Generation four | 11 | 45 |
| Generation five | 10 | 48 |
| Generation six | 10 | 50 |
| Generation seven | 9 | 52 |
| Generation eight | 8 | 53 |
| Generation nine | 8 | 55 |
| Generation ten | 8 | 54 |
As shown in the table, in the embodiment, by performing locked breeding on the county pig breed and culturing for multiple generations, the marketing time is reduced, the growth cycle is improved, and the lean meat percentage is remarkably improved; through comparing eighth generation to tenth generation, it can be seen that the new strain cultivated by the embodiment has stable inheritance, the marketing time of the county pig of the new strain obtained by the embodiment is advanced by 4 months, the lean meat percentage is improved by 15% compared with that of the existing county pig, and the economic value of the county pig is greatly improved.
According to the breeding method, the core group consisting of the high-quality base group of the deep-county pigs and the high-quality base group of the deep-county boars is selected for locked breeding, the generation turnover is fast, and new strains with stable inheritance can be cultured; the next generation is bred through various generations of seed selection, so that the quality of the later generation can be higher than that of the previous generation, and the heritage improvement accumulation of various generations can be realized; by selecting core groups from the deep-county pigs cultured in different regions, the multi-state and differential advantages of the deep-county pig breeds cultured in different regions can be exerted, and the method is beneficial to culturing higher-quality deep-county pig breeds; by limiting the inbred increment, on one hand, the heterozygosity can be reduced, the homozygosity can be improved, and the hereditary character is gradually stabilized; on the other hand, the inbreeding depression can be effectively prevented and alleviated; compared with the existing deep-county pigs, the marketing time of the new strain cultured by the breeding method is 4 months earlier, the lean meat percentage can be improved by 10-15%, and the economic value of the deep-county pigs is greatly improved.
In a word, the method for breeding the new strain of the deep-county pigs is simple to operate, the growth speed and the lean meat percentage of the deep-county pigs are obviously improved by performing locked breeding on the deep-county pigs, and compared with the existing deep-county pigs, the growth cycle is reduced by four months, and the lean meat percentage is improved by 50-55%.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for breeding a new strain of a deep county pig is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a basic group of deep-county pigs and sows and a basic group of deep-county boars which meet the requirements to form a core group as a zero generation;
step two, mating the selected basic group of the deep county sows and the basic group of the deep county boars, and selecting seeds from the next generation of swinery obtained by mating as a first generation;
step three, mating the deeply-county boars and deeply-county sows left in the first generation, and then selecting the seeds from the generated next generation swinery to form the generation 2;
and step four, repeating the step three, continuously selecting the seeds to the tenth generation every ten months to obtain the new strain of the deep county pigs.
2. The method for breeding the new line of the deep-county pigs according to claim 1, wherein the selection criteria for selecting the core group consisting of the basic group of the deep-county pigs and the basic group of the deep-county boars which meet the requirements are as follows: individuals with large body size, strong disease resistance, fast growth speed and developed limbs are selected to form a basic group.
3. The method for breeding a new line of deep county pigs according to claim 2, wherein the selection criteria further comprises: the number of the selected nipples of the sows in the deep county is not less than 8 pairs, and no physiological defect exists.
4. The method for breeding the new line of the deep-county pigs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number ratio of the deep-county boar basic group to the deep-county sow basic group is 1: 5.
5. The method for breeding the new line of the deep-county pigs according to claim 1, wherein the time for breeding in the third step is the third estrus of the deep-county sows.
6. The method for selectively breeding the new line of the deep-county pigs according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the first generation is selected when the bred herds are two months old, and the number of seeds left is 2-3 per litter.
7. The method for breeding a new line of deep-county pigs according to claim 1, wherein the second generation is selected at four months of age of the herd bred in the first generation.
8. The method for breeding the new line of the deep county pigs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selection criteria in the third step is to select pigs with high growth rate, no physiological defect, developed limbs and more than 8 pairs of nipples as the breeding pigs.
9. The method for breeding the new line of the deep county pigs according to claim 1, wherein the performance indexes of the new line are as follows: the slaughtering time is less than or equal to 8 months, and the lean meat percentage is 50-55%.
10. The method for breeding the new line of the deep county pigs according to claim 1, wherein the inbreeding increment in each generation in the third step is not more than 2%.
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