CN113461907B - 一种阻燃环氧树脂及其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种阻燃环氧树脂及其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113461907B CN113461907B CN202110721405.4A CN202110721405A CN113461907B CN 113461907 B CN113461907 B CN 113461907B CN 202110721405 A CN202110721405 A CN 202110721405A CN 113461907 B CN113461907 B CN 113461907B
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- epoxy resin
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Classifications
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- C08G59/1433—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment with organic low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G59/1438—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment with organic low-molecular-weight compounds containing oxygen
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G59/1438—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment with organic low-molecular-weight compounds containing oxygen
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- C08G59/1477—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment with organic low-molecular-weight compounds containing nitrogen
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G59/42—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
- C08G59/686—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
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Abstract
本发明涉及纤维复合材料用环氧树脂技术领域,具体涉及一种阻燃环氧树脂及其制备方法及应用。本发明提供的阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法是以环氧硅酸酯树脂为基体,在酸酐固化剂、含磷阻燃固化剂及协效阻燃剂的作用下,依据P‑N‑Si协效阻燃原理对环氧树脂进行阻燃改性。本发明选择DOPO‑MAH作为阻燃固化剂既避免了卤素阻燃剂燃烧产生毒气,又解决了添加型阻燃剂分散性与相容性差的问题;同时选择咪唑类固化促进剂,既可降低固化温度,又可起到协效阻燃剂的作用。本发明通过化学键将DOPO与硅氧键引入树脂体系,改性后硅元素可与氮磷元素协同,提高环氧树脂的阻燃性能,也可改善环氧树脂的力学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纤维复合材料用环氧树脂技术领域,具体涉及一种阻燃环氧树脂及其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
碳纤维增强树脂基体复合材料(CFRP)具有轻质、高强、耐高温、耐腐蚀、抗疲劳、低膨胀系数以及良好综合性能等特点,是最重要的一种结构复合材料。CFRP的比强度为钢的4.8~7.2倍,比模量为钢的3.1~4.2倍,疲劳强度约为钢的2.5倍、铝的3.3倍,是其它纤维增强复合材料所无法比拟的。碳纤维复合材料用作结构材料及耐高温抗烧蚀材料,已广泛应用于先进装备、国防设施、航空航天,以及汽车、医疗、风电叶片大梁、体育休闲器材等领域。
碳纤维复合材料的发展主要基于树脂基体的性能。而环氧树脂原料来源方便、成本低廉,且具有优异的电性能、黏接性能、力学性能与加工性能,已成为应用领域最广、生产量最大的基体树脂之一。然而,普通的环氧树脂易于燃烧,其极限氧指数(LOI)仅为20%左右,易燃的性质极大地限制了碳纤维复合材料的应用。
在对碳纤维复合材料有着大量应用需求的汽车、高铁等制造领域中,对碳纤维复合材料的结构产品所提出的重要要求之一就是在高速行驶过程中可能遇到的各种事故,包括碰撞、摩擦、起火情况下,产品必须具有一定的阻燃性。
环氧树脂的阻燃改性,目前应用较多的仍是卤素阻燃剂与添加型阻燃剂,卤素阻燃剂在燃烧时产生毒性气体,对环境与人体的危害较大;而添加型阻燃剂的分散性与相容性较差,导致材料的力学性能较低,不利于实际应用。
CN106832786A提供的阻燃剂为添加型含氟的DOPO衍生物阻燃剂,其含有的卤素不利于环境与人体健康;且为添加型阻燃改性,不利于环氧树脂体系的力学性能;同时体系中加入了稀释剂,不利于环氧树脂的耐热性能。
CN108727782A使用的是具有核壳结构的添加型阻燃剂,在使用过程中容易导致阻燃剂粒子团聚,产生应力集中点,降低环氧树脂的力学性能;而且由于难以控制粒径均一以及粒子的分散性,其阻燃效果的稳定性也会一定程度下降。在阻燃剂制备过程中,该方法还用到了碳纳米管,但这类材料成本较高,不利于工业化生产。
无机阻燃剂共混制备阻燃环氧树脂也是一种常见的方法。CN106700416A公开的阻燃剂是多种无机物的共混物,其使用方便,但阻燃效率较低,须加入大剂量的阻燃剂才会有阻燃效果;在该方法中无机阻燃剂的质量是环氧树脂质量的2倍,如此高的添加量对于工业生产成本以及树脂的综合性能均会造成不良影响。
发明内容
本发明的第一方面提供一种阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法。所得阻燃环氧树脂同时具有较高的阻燃性能和物理机械性能。
本发明提供的阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法,是以环氧硅酸酯树脂为基体,在酸酐固化剂、含磷阻燃固化剂及协效阻燃剂的作用下,依据P-N-Si协效阻燃原理对环氧树脂进行阻燃改性,得到阻燃环氧树脂。
现有技术表明,DOPO-MAH可作为环氧树脂的阻燃固化剂,如CN109721710A。DOPO-MAH可与环氧树脂的环氧基团发生反应,既充当了环氧树脂的固化剂,又充当了阻燃剂,从而在保证环氧树脂优良的热性能与力学性能的基础上,极大的改善了环氧树脂的阻燃性。本发明选择DOPO-MAH可作为环氧树脂的阻燃固化剂,既避免了卤素阻燃剂存在的燃烧产生毒气,造成环境与人体危害的问题,又解决了添加型阻燃剂存在的分散性与相容性差,进而引起环氧树脂力学性能下降的问题。
然而本发明在实际研究中发现,采用DOPO-MAH对常规环氧树脂进行阻燃改性时,阻燃效率与力学性能的改善效果并不十分理想。由于阻燃元素仅有DOPO-MAH中的磷元素,常规树脂基体中并无可与磷元素产生协同作用的阻燃元素,所以DOPOMAH的添加量仍较多,阻燃效率并不理想;同时实际研究中还发现,DOPO-MAH改性常规环氧树脂固化物的交联密度仍较低,力学性能有所下降,难以达到改善环氧树脂阻燃性能的同时提升其力学性能的效果。
为此,本发明选择含有硅氧键的环氧硅酸酯树脂作为环氧树脂基体。所述环氧硅酸酯树脂相对常规环氧树脂具有可与磷元素协同阻燃的硅元素,且具有粘度较低、贮存期较长、交联密度较大的优点。同时,本发明选择咪唑类固化促进剂,既可降低固化温度,节省生产成本,又可起到协效阻燃剂的作用。
本发明通过化学键将DOPO、协效阻燃剂与硅氧键引入树脂体系,改性后硅元素可与氮磷元素协同,提高环氧树脂的阻燃性能,也可改善环氧树脂的力学性能。此外,由于所述环氧硅酸酯树脂的粘度较低,使得阻燃环氧树脂体系不需要使用稀释剂,从而避免环氧树脂因稀释剂的使用造成耐热性能的下降的问题。
本发明所述的环氧硅酸酯树脂是通过有机硅将硅氧键引入环氧树脂而制得的;所述有机硅为正硅酸乙酯和硅烷偶联剂;所述硅烷偶联剂为KH550、KH560或KH570中的一种或几种。
相比于其他有机硅,正硅酸乙酯具有可显著提高基体交联密度以及提高基体耐热性与阻燃性的优势。而硅烷偶联剂的脂肪链可以避免常用有机硅中间体反应所产生的较大的交联结构,避免产生凝胶,从而大大增加环氧树脂的贮存期;同时其所带的端基可以与环氧基团或酸酐固化剂反应,较常用的有机硅中间体可大大增加交联密度,进一步增强力学性能。
优选地,所述有机硅与环氧树脂的质量比1:(2-6)。研究表明,通过控制二者比例在此范围内,起到提升其阻燃效率与力学性能的同时维持环氧树脂的使用温度范围作用。
在所述环氧硅酸酯树脂的制备过程中,体系先在20-50℃下反应0.5-3h,再升温至70-100℃反应2-6h。通过分段式升温反应,起到稳步提升环氧树脂的交联密度,防止有机硅自身剧烈反应而较少接入环氧树脂主链的作用。
进一步地,控制反应体系的pH在8-10范围内,起到平稳促进有机硅的烷氧基反应为羟基的作用。
优选地,所述环氧树脂选自缩水甘油醚、缩水甘油酯或缩水甘油胺等中的一种。相比其他环氧树脂,选择此类环氧树脂,具有反应活性高、粘接性高与力学性能相对好的优点。
优选地,所述缩水甘油醚可选自双酚A型缩水甘油醚和/或双酚F型缩水甘油醚。
所述双酚A型缩水甘油醚可选自邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、六氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯或对苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯等中的一种。
所述双酚F型缩水甘油醚可选自苯胺缩水甘油胺。
所述协效阻燃剂为咪唑类固化促进剂;具体选择2-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-苄基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氨基乙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-甲基咪唑或1-氰乙基-2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑中的一种或几种。本发明采用的协效阻燃剂既含有N-H,充当含氮阻燃固化剂的作用,又含有叔胺结构,充当了促进剂的作用,可在工业生产中简化了工艺路线,减少设备成本。
本发明所述的阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法中,所述环氧硅酸酯树脂与DOPO-MAH的质量比为(10-12):(1-2)。研究表明,通过控制二者比例在此范围内,起到使改性环氧树脂兼具有较好协效阻燃效果与较高力学强度的作用。
作为本发明的具体实施方式之一,所述环氧硅酸酯树脂、酸酐固化剂、含磷阻燃固化剂、协效阻燃剂的质量比为:(100-120):(10-20):(30-65):(5-15)。
本发明所述的阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法还包括各组分混匀后真空脱泡;所述脱泡的条件为:真空条件下于40-60℃下脱泡20-50min。。
本发明所述的阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法还包括固化;所述固化分三个阶段:第一段温度可为90-110℃,固化时间可为1.5-2.5h;第二段温度可为125-145℃,固化时间可为3-5h;第三段固化温度可为150-165℃,固化时间可为2-3h。通过分阶段固化及合理控制固化条件,保证了固化效果。
本发明中,所述酸酐固化剂为甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐或甲基纳迪克酸酐中的一种或多种。
作为本发明的具体实施方式之一,所述磷氮硅协效无卤阻燃环氧树脂体系的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)含磷阻燃固化剂DOPO-MAH的合成:
二甲苯作为溶剂置于三口烧瓶中,将9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)溶解在其中,每60-120g的DOPO用200-300ml二甲苯溶解,之后在30-60min内分批次加入顺丁烯二酸(MA),DOPO与MA的摩尔比为(1.3-1):1,两者在120-140℃的温度反应6-8h,之后降温至70-90℃,往体系里加入四氢呋喃,二甲苯与四氢呋喃的体积比为(1.5-1):1,反应1-4h后抽滤,用四氢呋喃洗涤2-5次,再抽滤,得到DOPO-顺丁烯二酸(DOPO-MA);
将所得DOPO-MA和乙酸酐按摩尔比1:(2-5)倒入三口烧瓶中,然后在120-140℃的恒温水浴锅内反应时间4-6h,抽滤,用乙酸酐洗涤1-3次,再抽滤,得到DOPO-顺丁烯二酸酐(DOPO-MAH)含磷阻燃固化剂;
反应原理如下所示:
(2)环氧硅酸酯树脂的合成:
原料:有机硅、去离子水、环氧树脂置于三口烧瓶中,加入溶剂、pH调控剂、二月桂酸二丁基锡;
上述有机硅为正硅酸乙酯、硅烷偶联剂中的一种或几种;硅烷偶联剂为KH550、KH560、KH570中的一种或几种;
溶剂为乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇、乙二醇或二氧六环中的一种或几种;
pH调控剂为氨水、稀盐酸、氢氟酸、氯化钙中的一种或几种。
有机硅与去离子水的摩尔比为1:(1-4);
有机硅与环氧树脂的质量比1:(2-6);
有机硅与溶剂的质量比为1:(1-5);
pH调控剂加入的量为体系总质量的0.5%-3%;
二月桂酸二丁基锡加入的量为体系总质量的0.5%-3%;
体系在20-50℃下反应0.5-3h,之后升温至70-100℃反应2-6h,之后旋蒸即可得到环氧硅酸酯树脂;
(3)将环氧硅酸酯树脂、酸酐固化剂、含磷阻燃固化剂、协效阻燃剂混合均匀,按照质量份数计包括以下组分:环氧硅酸酯树脂100-120份,DOPO-MAH 10-20份,酸酐固化剂30-65份,协效阻燃剂5-15份;
搅拌均匀后放入真空烘箱中在40-60℃下脱泡20-50min;
(4)将真空脱泡过后的体系倒入预热的模具中固化;
所述加热温度可为60-80℃,加热的时间可为30-50min;
所述的固化温度与时间分三段,第一段温度可为90-110℃,固化时间可为1.5-2.5h,第二段温度可为125-145℃,固化时间可为3-5h,第三段固化温度可为150-165℃,固化时间可为2-3h;固化后即可得无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
本发明的第二方面提供上述制备方法获得的阻燃环氧树脂。
本发明的第三方面提供一种纤维增强复合材料,其含有上述阻燃环氧树脂。
本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明所述的阻燃环氧树脂不含卤素,为无卤阻燃,绿色环保。其具有较高的阻燃性能和物理机械性能,同时还具有良好的热稳定性。
试验表明,本发明所述的阻燃环氧树脂的极限氧指数(LOI)范围为30.4%-33.2%;垂直燃烧(UL-94)为V-O,无熔滴。
本发明所述的阻燃环氧树脂的力学性能结果为:拉伸强度范围为50-80MPa,弯曲强度为80-120MPa,,冲击强度为2.4-3.0KJ/m2。
本发明所述的阻燃环氧树脂的热稳定性的测试结果为:氮气氛围中的初始降解温度为310-330℃,800℃残炭率为10-20wt%;空气氛围中的初始降解温度为300-330℃,800℃残炭率为2-6wt%。
(2)本发明采用分子级别的改性,以环氧硅酸酯树脂为树脂基体,以DOPO-MAH作为固化剂与传统酸酐固化剂复配,并以咪唑类固化促进剂作为协效阻燃剂,制备出磷氮硅协效的本征无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
(3)本发明采用磷氮硅协效阻燃,提高了阻燃效率,减少了阻燃剂的使用量,既有利于提高环氧树脂的综合性能,又减少了工业生产成本。
(4)本发明所采用的酸酐固化剂与协效阻燃剂价格较低,整体工业生产成本较低,利于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)含磷阻燃固化剂DOPO-MAH的合成:
200ml二甲苯做为溶剂置于三口烧瓶中,将60g 9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)溶解在其中,之后在30min内分批次加入27.2g顺丁烯二酸(MA),两者在125℃的温度反应6h,之后降温至80℃,往体系里加入150ml四氢呋喃,反应2h后抽滤,用四氢呋喃洗涤3次,再抽滤,得到DOPO-顺丁烯二酸(DOPO-MA)。
将所得DOPO-MA和82ml乙酸酐倒入三口烧瓶中,然后在130℃的恒温水浴锅内反应时间4.5h,抽滤,用乙酸酐洗涤2次,再抽滤,得到DOPO-顺丁烯二酸酐(DOPO-MAH)含磷固化剂。
(2)环氧硅酸酯树脂的合成:
50g正硅酸乙酯、10gKH560、13g去离子水、240g环氧树脂(双酚A型缩水甘油醚E-51)于三口烧瓶中,溶剂为乙醇与异丙醇的混合溶剂,加入180g混合溶剂,5g氨水,3g二月桂酸二丁基锡。体系在20℃下反应0.5h,之后升温至70℃反应6h,之后旋蒸,即可得到环氧硅酸酯树脂。
(3)脱泡:
将环氧硅酸酯树脂、酸酐固化剂、含磷阻燃固化剂、协效阻燃剂混合均匀,按照质量份数计包括以下组分:环氧硅酸酯树脂100份,DOPO-MAH 15份,酸酐固化剂40份,协效阻燃剂10份;所述酸酐固化剂为甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐,协效阻燃剂为2-甲基咪唑。
搅拌均匀后放入真空烘箱中在45℃下脱泡30min。
(4)固化:
将真空脱泡过后的体系倒入预热的模具中固化。
所述加热温度为70℃,加热的时间为30min;
所述的固化温度与时间分三段,第一段温度为95℃,固化时间可为1.5h,第二段温度可为125℃,固化时间可为3.5h,第三段固化温度可为155℃,固化时间可为2h。固化后即可得无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
经测试,所得阻燃环氧树脂的极限氧指数为30.7%,垂直燃烧测试:V-O,无熔滴;其力学性能为:拉伸强度为68MPa,弯曲强度为104MPa,冲击强度为2.7KJ/m2。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)含磷阻燃固化剂的合成:
250ml二甲苯作为溶剂置于三口烧瓶中,将80g 9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)溶解在其中,之后在40min内分批次加入35.4g顺丁烯二酸(MA),两者在130℃的温度反应6.5h,之后降温至85℃,往体系里加入200ml四氢呋喃,反应2.5h后抽滤,用四氢呋喃洗涤2次,再抽滤,得到DOPO-顺丁烯二酸(DOPO-MA)。
将所得DOPO-MA和110ml乙酸酐倒入三口烧瓶中,然后在130℃的恒温水浴锅内反应时间5h,抽滤,用乙酸酐洗涤2次,再抽滤,得到DOPO-顺丁烯二酸酐(DOPO-MAH)含磷固化剂。
(2)环氧硅酸酯树脂的合成:
60g正硅酸乙酯、10gKH550、15g去离子水、140g环氧树脂(双酚A型缩水甘油醚E-44)置于三口烧瓶中,溶剂为丙酮与异丙醇的混合溶剂,加入350g混合溶剂,9g稀盐酸,7g二月桂酸二丁基锡。
体系在50℃下反应3h,之后升温至80℃反应2h,之后旋蒸,即可得到环氧硅酸酯树脂。
(3)脱泡:
将环氧硅酸酯树脂、酸酐固化剂、含磷阻燃固化剂、协效阻燃剂混合均匀,按照质量份数计包括以下组分:环氧硅酸酯树脂100份,DOPO-MAH 10份,酸酐固化剂35份,协效阻燃剂15份;所述酸酐固化剂为甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐,协效阻燃剂为2-甲基咪唑。
搅拌均匀后放入真空烘箱中在40℃下脱泡30min。
(4)固化:
将真空脱泡过后的体系倒入预热的模具中固化。
所述加热温度为65℃,加热的时间为40min;
所述的固化温度与时间分三段,第一段温度为100℃,固化时间为2h,第二段温度为125℃,固化时间为4h,第三段固化温度为155℃,固化时间为2h。固化后即可得无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
经测试,所得阻燃环氧树脂的极限氧指数为32.2%,垂直燃烧测试:V-O,无熔滴;其力学性能为:拉伸强度为74MPa,弯曲强度为110MPa,冲击强度为2.9KJ/m2。
对比例1
与实施例1区别仅在于:环氧树脂为双酚A二缩水甘油醚类的E51。
结果显示:所得阻燃环氧树脂的极限氧指数为30.8%,垂直燃烧测试为V-1;其力学性能为:拉伸强度为45MPa,弯曲强度为67MPa,冲击强度为2.2KJ/m2。
通过性能对比,验证了本发明选择环氧硅酸酯树脂为基体取得的显著技术效果。
对比例2
与实施例1区别仅在于:有机硅为八甲基环四硅氧烷。
结果显示:所得阻燃环氧树脂的极限氧指数为28.6%,垂直燃烧测试为V-1,其力学性能为:拉伸强度为48MPa,弯曲强度为75MPa,冲击强度为2.5KJ/m2。
通过性能对比,验证了本发明选择正硅酸乙酯和硅烷偶联剂为有机硅取得的显著的技术效果。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,以环氧硅酸酯树脂为基体,在酸酐固化剂、含磷阻燃固化剂及协效阻燃剂的作用下,依据P-N-Si协效阻燃原理对环氧树脂进行阻燃改性,得到阻燃环氧树脂;
所述环氧硅酸酯树脂、酸酐固化剂、含磷阻燃固化剂、协效阻燃剂的质量比为:(100-120):(10-20):(30-65):(5-15);
所述阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法还包括固化;
所述固化分三个阶段:
第一段:温度为90-110℃,时间为1.5-2.5h;
第二段:温度为125-145℃,时间为3-5h;
第三段:温度为150-165℃,时间为2-3h;
所述环氧硅酸酯树脂是通过有机硅将硅氧键引入环氧树脂而制得的;
所述有机硅为正硅酸乙酯和硅烷偶联剂;
所述有机硅与环氧树脂的质量比1:(2-6);
所述环氧树脂为双酚A型缩水甘油醚;
所述酸酐固化剂为甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐或甲基纳迪克酸酐中的一种或多种;
所述含磷阻燃固化剂为DOPO-顺丁烯二酸酐;所述协效阻燃剂为咪唑类固化促进剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述环氧硅酸酯树脂的制备过程中,体系先在20-50℃下反应0.5-3h,再升温至70-100℃反应2-6h。
3.根据权利要求2所述的阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述环氧硅酸酯树脂的制备过程中,控制反应体系的pH在8-10范围内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法还包括脱泡;所述脱泡的条件为:真空条件下于40-60℃下脱泡20-50min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述协效阻燃剂为2-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-苄基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氨基乙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-甲基咪唑或1-氰乙基-2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述硅烷偶联剂为KH550、KH560或KH570中的一种或几种。
7.权利要求1-6任一项所述制备方法获得的阻燃环氧树脂。
8.一种纤维增强复合材料,其特征在于,含有权利要求7所述的阻燃环氧树脂。
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