CN113439628A - Planting method for improving rice quality - Google Patents
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- CN113439628A CN113439628A CN202110815670.9A CN202110815670A CN113439628A CN 113439628 A CN113439628 A CN 113439628A CN 202110815670 A CN202110815670 A CN 202110815670A CN 113439628 A CN113439628 A CN 113439628A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 5
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for improving rice quality, which comprises the following planting steps: s1, land management treatment is carried out, and the land needing to be transplanted is treated to enable the land to reach the planting requirement; s2, ensuring deep ploughing and ensuring that the roots of the seedlings can reach proper depth in the soil in the process of transplanting the seedlings; s3, tillering treatment, wherein in the growing process of the seedling, the tillering is carried out on the leaves of each section of the stem of the seedling; s4, adjusting the ratio of the strong stems to the weak stems in the planting area, wherein 1-time tillering is performed on the main stems and the 3 rd to 6 th nodes of the seedlings to form strong stems, other stems are tillered or other nodes are tillered to form weak stems, the number of the weak stems needs to be controlled, and the number of the strong stems is increased. The invention provides a planting method for improving rice quality, which improves and adjusts the method steps in the rice planting process, thereby improving the yield and quality of rice and cultivating high-quality rice with high taste value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a planting method for improving rice quality.
Background
The rice is also called rice, and is a food prepared by the working procedures of rice cleaning, rice hulling, rice milling, finished product arrangement and the like. The rice contains nearly 64 percent of nutrient substances in the rice and more than 90 percent of nutrient elements required by human bodies, is a main food for people in most areas in China and is also an important grain crop in China.
Along with the continuous development and improvement of the living standard of people, the requirements of people on the quality of rice are gradually improved, the yield of the rice planted by the traditional method of directly transplanting rice in the field is not high, the quality of the rice is uneven, and the requirement of people on higher quality cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method for improving the quality of rice, which improves and adjusts the method steps in the rice planting process so as to improve the yield and the quality of the rice.
The invention discloses a planting method for improving rice quality, which adopts the technical scheme that:
a planting method for improving rice quality comprises the following planting steps:
s1, land management treatment is carried out, and the land needing to be transplanted is treated to enable the land to reach the planting requirement;
s2, ensuring deep ploughing and ensuring that the roots of the seedlings can reach proper depth in the soil in the process of transplanting the seedlings;
s3, tillering treatment, wherein in the growing process of the seedling, the tillering is carried out on the leaves of each section of the stem of the seedling;
s4, adjusting the ratio of the strong stems to the weak stems in the planting area, wherein 1-time tillering is performed on the main stems and the 3 rd to 6 th nodes of the seedlings to form strong stems, other stems are tillered or other nodes are tillered to form weak stems, the number of the weak stems needs to be controlled, and the number of the strong stems is increased.
Preferably, the land management treatment includes improving drainage and permeability of the land and enhancing soil productivity of the land.
Preferably, the drainage and water permeability of the improved land includes trenching and open channel digging to realize surface drainage, the drying and oxidation of the soil are promoted by the underdrain and the auxiliary open channel, and the water permeability is improved by lowering the appearance position of the submerged soil layer, building a developed structure and increasing the gap.
Preferably, the land fertility enhancement of the land comprises applying organic materials to enhance the fertility, using straw to maintain the fertility and applying artificial fertilizers.
As a preferable scheme, the various nutrients necessary for the seedlings are mostly absorbed from the soil layer, so that the seedlings only ensure that the deep ploughing depth is 13-17cm during the transplanting process.
Preferably, in S4, a weak stem control technique is used together with a tillering occurrence promotion technique specifically at the 3 rd stage 1 of the main stem of the seedling.
The planting method for improving the rice quality disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that: the land management is carried out before the planting, so that the land can meet the planting requirement, and the proper soil and enough nutrients can be provided for the seedlings in the subsequent planting process; in the process of transplanting rice seedlings, the roots of the rice seedlings can reach proper depth in the soil, so that the sufficient nutrient supply capacity of the rice seedlings can be provided; and tillering treatment is carried out after planting, the ratio of the strong stem to the weak stem in a planting area is controlled, so that the grain weight of the ears is large, the whole grain ratio is high, the protein content of polished rice is low, and the yield and the quality of rice are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a planting method for improving rice quality according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the embodiments and drawings of the specification:
referring to fig. 1, a planting method for improving rice quality includes the following planting steps:
s1, land management treatment is carried out, and the land needing to be transplanted is treated to enable the land to reach the planting requirement;
s2, ensuring deep ploughing and ensuring that the roots of the seedlings can reach proper depth in the soil in the process of transplanting the seedlings;
s3, tillering treatment, wherein in the growing process of the seedling, the tillering is carried out on the leaves of each section of the stem of the seedling;
s4, adjusting the ratio of the strong stems to the weak stems in the planting area, wherein 1-time tillering is performed on the main stems and the 3 rd to 6 th nodes of the seedlings to form strong stems, other stems are tillered or other nodes are tillered to form weak stems, the number of the weak stems needs to be controlled, and the number of the strong stems is increased.
The land management is carried out before the planting, so that the land can meet the planting requirement, and the proper soil and enough nutrients can be provided for the seedlings in the subsequent planting process; in the process of transplanting rice seedlings, the roots of the rice seedlings can reach proper depth in the soil, so that the sufficient nutrient supply capacity of the rice seedlings can be provided; tillering treatment is carried out after planting, the ratio of strong stem to weak stem in the planting area is controlled, the grain weight of the ear is large, the whole grain ratio is high, the protein content of the polished rice is low, and the yield and the quality of the rice are improved
The land management treatment includes improving drainage and permeability of the land and enhancing the land's productivity. The main factors of the existing drainage conditions include the water permeability of soil layers and the underground water level, and most of the soil belongs to the same category, as shown in the following table 1:
table 1: drainage conditions and soil groups
Note: the water permeability coefficient (K) and water permeability are cm/sec.
Therefore, the improvement of the drainage and water permeability of the ground includes the realization of surface drainage by means of trenching and open channel excavation, the promotion of soil drying and oxidation by the underdrain and the auxiliary open channel, and the improvement of water permeability by lowering the appearance position of the submerged soil layer, creating a developed structure, and increasing the void.
The consumption of organic matters, the elimination of salt and alkali and the leaching of iron and manganese are promoted by improving drainage, so deep ploughing, composting, returning straws to fields, improving fertilization and the like are needed; improved productivity through increased nutrient absorption by increased ground temperature and expanded root zone achieved by improved drainage.
The maintenance and improvement of the effect of raising the ground temperature is very important for high-quality and good eating of rice due to the enhancement of the soil fertility including the application of organic materials to enhance the soil fertility, the maintenance of the soil fertility using straw and the application of an earthen fertilizer.
(1) The application of the organic material enhances the soil productivity, the organic material keeps good conditions of physical property, chemical property and biological property of soil, continuously provides oxygen such as nitrogen for rice, and plays an important role in maintaining the productivity of agricultural land. In addition, rice can maintain high yield according to the application of organic materials, and annual changes become smaller as shown in the following table 2:
table 2: effect of compost application (yield KG)
In 2005, a policy of "agricultural environmental regulations" was made to promote excreta of domestic animals, and the effects of these fertilizers as the original species of animals and as the accessory material components and fertilizers were greatly different as shown in Table 3
Table 3: quality of organic materials such as compost (unit is%)
The values other than T-N are average values.
Further, the various fertilizer components contained in the mixed fertilizer do not necessarily correspond to the oxygen content required for the soil to be applied and the oxygen content required for the rice. In addition, in the case of combined use, excessive application of fertilizer components can cause low yield and low quality, and fertilizer flow to non-farmland areas can also cause increased environmental burden. Therefore, the application of the mixed fertilizer needs to be carried out by combining the results of soil analysis with chemical fertilizers as shown in the following table 4 on the basis of fully considering the components and the fertilizer effects:
table 4: application amount of mixed fertilizer, straw and the like
Attention is paid to the following points: 1. the case of inserting straws can promote the rotting and curing in the soil, and the soil should be used for preparing fertilizers; 2. in the first year of replanting the field with crop residue, the nitrogen content of the fertilizer can be reduced by more than 50%; 3. the mixed fertilizer of the non-decomposed cow dung and the pig dung cannot be applied to fields with poor drainage, such as dark soil and the like.
(2) The rice straw maintains the soil fertility, and the application of the rice straw is influenced by the double-edged sword which makes the rice good and bad according to the soil condition and the meteorological condition, so that the growth of the rice is easily unstable. However, it has been proved that improvement of soil base with application of straw together with proper cultivation management of fertilizer can maintain soil fertility, as shown in the following table 5:
table 5: yield under the influence of successive years of application of straw
Among them, the standard of rice straw insertion and the matters to be noted in rice straw insertion are: the soil characteristics determine how to set the criteria for inserting straws as shown in Table 6 below, and the application of the soil-made fertilizer for promoting decomposition is performed to ensure water permeability and drainage for avoiding obstacles. In autumn, the cutting is carried out at a depth of 15cm or less, and the cutting is uniformly dispersed, and it is important to mix the soil in shallow plowing at a depth of about 5 cm. The field is not watered and needs to be carefully drained.
In autumn, lime nitrogen and the like containing nitrogen and alkali are needed to be applied to help the straw to decompose. On the other hand, in the case of spring planting, cultivation of 15cm or more requires a sufficient soil to be mixed, and the surface layer is replaced with a turntable. In addition, in order to avoid the hindrance, application of lateral strips to ensure initial growth is an effective method.
Table 6: reference of rice straw
(3) The application of the soil-made fertilizer and the enhancement of the soil fertility, whether the soil is an excellent base for producing crops or not, need to analyze the soil by various physicochemical methods and judge the soil by comparing with a defined reference value zone. An active use of soil diagnostics is desired by individual farmers.
As a reference value for soil diagnosis, "a target value for maintaining soil conditions in a paddy field" is set as shown in table 7 below. Here, the lowest value that the target value should maintain is shown, and the maximum value is mostly not specified.
The target values of improvement of drainage and deep ploughing can be achieved according to the density of the inserted stratum, the maximum density of the main root zone, the water permeability of irrigation and the like, the light and dark of the physical properties of soil and the like. The material needed is therefore an earthen fertilizer.
The organic and inorganic substances are classified as the artificial fertilizers, and the description is made mainly of the inorganic substances. The main soil improvement fertilizer types and effects are shown in table 8.
Table 7: target value of soil condition to be maintained in paddy field
And (1) injecting a soil layer with the distance of 30cm from the ground surface into the main root group area.
2. The cation exchange capacity and the salt group substitution capacity are the same, and the values in this table are measured as pH 7.
3. The replacement capacity is specified by soil property, saprophytic capacity, etc., is common to different soils, and the same salinity of the base is different according to the replacement components with different values.
4. Therefore, in the case that the salt group saturation is to define the target value, the content of the substitutional component may need to be modified, please note.
5. The humic content is an estimate calculated by multiplying the carbon content in the soil by 1.724.
Table 8: materials based on earth
Ensuring deep ploughing, wherein more than 80% of the paddy field soil is in the soil layer of the deep ploughing in terms of the root weight of the paddy rice, and part of the paddy field soil extends into the lower layer of the soil. Most of necessary nutrients are absorbed from soil layers, and the nutrient supply capacity to the rice can be improved by the thicker soil layers. In recent years, there is a tendency for shallow soil layers from the viewpoint of work efficiency, and it is desired to secure at least 13 to 17cm in the present situation.
Deep ploughing is not limited to additive effects, but sometimes exhibits subtractive effects. This is because the lower lean soil is mixed in by deep ploughing, and therefore appropriate fertilization management is required in addition to the deep ploughing. The soil sometimes had problems such as poor drainage and the like as shown in table 9 below.
Further, since a condition of much fertilizer is easily generated during deep ploughing, the effect of increasing the number of ears due to the fertilizer efficiency by expanding the root zone and increasing the yield is expected, but the yield ratio is also decreased due to the excessive fertility. In view of this, the following points should be noted during deep ploughing:
1. the conditions of the subsoil are fully grasped and deep ploughing is determined.
2. The fertilizing amount of the three elements of organic matters, soil fertilizers and the like is increased.
3. Does not need deep ploughing at once but slowly deep ploughing for years
4. Measures against water drainage are taken when water drainage is poor.
Table 9: factors affecting deep ploughing
Table 10: deep ploughing and N-fertilization method
Note: the numerical value of the N fertilization method shows the nitrogen fertilization amount (kg/10a) of base fertilizer, additional fertilizer in the growth period, additional fertilizer in the young ear formation period, additional fertilizer in the meiosis period and additional fertilizer in the heading period.
Tillering in S3, wherein definition and occurrence of tillering are characterized by: (1) tillering begins with the leaves of the connecting rods or individual nodes called stems. The name of tillering is that tillering from each section of the main stem is called 1 tillering, and tillering from 1 occurrence is called 2 tillering.
(2) The tillering occurring from each node of the nth leaf of the main stem is referred to as nth node (or nth number) 1 tillering, and the tillering occurring from each node of the nth node 1 is collectively referred to as nth node 2 tillering.
(3) Each of the 1 tillers occurring from the main shoot had only 1 root, but the 2 tillers also sometimes occurred in many roots because they started from each stage of the 1 tillers.
(4) The occurrence time of various tillers is determined by the co-extensive leaf and co-extensive tillering theory in principle. That is, when the Nth leaf of the main stem is extracted, the 1 st tillered leaf of the (N-3) th leaf is extracted from the axilla of the 3 leaves.
Therefore, the main stem and the 1 st tillering of the 3 rd to 6 th sections are strong stems, while the other stems are tillered or the other sections are tillered to weak stems, wherein the strong stems and the weak stems have stable tillering frequency, high heading efficiency and large grain weight, and the following table 11 can be referred to.
Compared with weak stem, strong stem has high growth rate, and low protein content in polished rice.
In a single piece of rice consisting of only strong stalks, the rice having a high percentage of effective stalks tends to have a larger grain size per 1 ear, a higher proportion of whole grains, and a lower polished rice protein content than the rice having a low percentage, and the following table 12 is referred to.
From this point of view, in stable production for improving the quality of rice, it is important to secure the number of ears in the strong stalk body to increase the effective stalk ratio.
Table 11: yield, quality and palatability of stem and tillers
Note: the values in the table are mean. + -. standard deviation
Table 12: the relationship between the difference of effective stem ratio and the grain weight, grain size ratio and polished rice protein content of 1 ear of polished rice
| Effective stem ratio | Length of pole | Number of ears of rice 1 | Ratio of polished rice | 1 ear of polished rice grain weight | Proportion of whole grains | Protein content of polished rice |
| ％ | cm | Granule | ％ | Percent/ear | ％ | ％ |
| 77.0 | 75.1 | 66.0 | 69.5 | 17.6 | 81.3 | 7.5 |
| 99.0 | 71.9 | 75.0 | 78.9 | 23.8 | 85.2 | 7.3 |
| Detection of | * | N.S. | N.S. | N.S. | * | N.S. |
The values in the table are at the 5% level, showing meaningful differences, and n.s. showing insignificant differences.
Due to the difference of climate and soil environment in each region, the 3 rd section 1 tillering generation promoting technology and the weak stem control technology are adopted.
Section 3, tillering generation promotion technique for 1 time: cultivating healthy seedlings, planting in good time and applying fertilizer to lateral strips
The weak stem control technology comprises the following steps: roasting field (8.5 leaves later), deep water treatment (8.5-9.5 leaves, water depth 15cm), close planting (80 plants/3.3 square meters), and integral fertilization of seedling raising box
(2) Ensuring proper rice number for fertilizer management based on young ear stage nutrition diagnosis
(3) The maturity rate is improved and the quality is prevented from being reduced through the cultivation management in the mature period; promoting maturation by appropriate water management during the maturation phase; harvesting at proper time to prevent quality from being reduced.
The invention provides a planting method for improving rice quality, which is characterized in that land management is carried out before planting, so that the land can meet the planting requirement, and proper soil and enough nutrients can be provided for seedlings in the subsequent planting process; in the process of transplanting rice seedlings, the roots of the rice seedlings can reach proper depth in the soil, so that the sufficient nutrient supply capacity of the rice seedlings can be provided; and tillering treatment is carried out after planting, the ratio of the strong stem to the weak stem in a planting area is controlled, so that the grain weight of the ears is large, the whole grain ratio is high, the protein content of polished rice is low, and the yield and the quality of rice are improved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A planting method for improving rice quality is characterized by comprising the following planting steps:
s1, land management treatment is carried out, and the land needing to be transplanted is treated to enable the land to reach the planting requirement;
s2, ensuring deep ploughing and ensuring that the roots of the seedlings can reach proper depth in the soil in the process of transplanting the seedlings;
s3, tillering treatment, wherein in the growing process of the seedling, the tillering is carried out on the leaves of each section of the stem of the seedling;
s4, adjusting the ratio of the strong stems to the weak stems in the planting area, wherein 1-time tillering is performed on the main stems and the 3 rd to 6 th nodes of the seedlings to form strong stems, other stems are tillered or other nodes are tillered to form weak stems, the number of the weak stems needs to be controlled, and the number of the strong stems is increased.
2. The planting method for improving rice quality according to claim 1, wherein the land management treatment comprises improving drainage and water permeability of the land and enhancing land fertility of the land.
3. The planting method for improving rice quality according to claim 2, wherein the improving of the drainage and water permeability of the ground includes trenching, open channel digging to realize surface drainage, promoting soil drying and oxidation by the underdrain and the auxiliary open channel, and improving water permeability by lowering the appearance position of the submerged soil layer, constructing a developed structure, and increasing the gap.
4. The planting method for improving rice quality of claim 3, wherein the land fertility enhancement comprises the application of organic materials to enhance fertility, the use of straw to maintain fertility and the application of artificial fertilizers.
5. The planting method for improving rice quality according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings ensure only deep ploughing depth of 13-17cm during the transplanting process because most of the nutrients necessary for the seedlings are absorbed from the soil layer.
6. The planting method for improving rice quality according to claim 1, wherein in S4, tillering occurrence promotion technology is specifically adopted in section 3 and 1 of main stem of seedling, and weak stem control technology is adopted.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102783389A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2012-11-21 | 隆化县上客上福种植专业合作社 | Method for planting thousands of acres of organic scientific and technological rice |
| CN107409876A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-12-01 | 肖耀煌 | A kind of grain quality rice implantation methods |
| CN111802195A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-23 | 王明娥 | Rice planting method |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102783389A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2012-11-21 | 隆化县上客上福种植专业合作社 | Method for planting thousands of acres of organic scientific and technological rice |
| CN107409876A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-12-01 | 肖耀煌 | A kind of grain quality rice implantation methods |
| CN111802195A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-23 | 王明娥 | Rice planting method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 江立庚等: "稻田耕作方式对抛秧稻分蘖特性的影响", 杂交水稻, vol. 21, no. 1, pages 23 - 25 * |
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