CN113439610A - Industrial cultivation method and device for six sisters morchella - Google Patents

Industrial cultivation method and device for six sisters morchella Download PDF

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CN113439610A
CN113439610A CN202110715041.9A CN202110715041A CN113439610A CN 113439610 A CN113439610 A CN 113439610A CN 202110715041 A CN202110715041 A CN 202110715041A CN 113439610 A CN113439610 A CN 113439610A
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soil
fixedly connected
cultivation
morchella
bud
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赵琪
柏松
杨祝良
吕梦岚
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Kunming Institute of Botany of CAS
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Kunming Institute of Botany of CAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/30—Derivatives containing the group >N—CO—N aryl or >N—CS—N—aryl
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H25/24—Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a six-sister Morchella (Morchella sexteata) industrial cultivation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of soil pretreatment, cultivation of a device, seeding, hypha cultivation, hypha and conidium cultivation, bud suppression, induced bud promotion, young mushroom cultivation, harvesting and the like. The bud suppression method comprises the following steps: spraying a bud inhibitor on the hyphae and the conidia; the inhibition of budsThe agent is
Figure DDA0003134841140000011
The induction bud induction: spraying an inducer on hyphae and conidia, wherein the inducer is
Figure DDA0003134841140000012
The technology can realize mechanized planting, is simple to operate, low in cost, short in period and controllable in quality, breaks through the limitation of soil and environment on the morchella esculenta industry, and realizes annual production of the morchella esculenta.

Description

Industrial cultivation method and device for six sisters morchella
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to an edible mushroom industrial management method, which comprises a cultivation mode and industrial management.
Background
Six sisters of morchella (morchella sexteta m.kuo) under the trade name morchella or morchella vulgaris. Belonging to Ascomycota (Ascomycota), discoidea (Discomycetes), Pezizales (Pezizales), Morchella (Morchellaceae), Morchella (Morchella). Six sister morchella is a main cultivated species in morchella industry in China, the annual sowing area reaches more than 15 ten thousand acres, and the morchella is mainly distributed in places such as Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Henan, Hebei and Gansu.
Currently, the main cultivation method of six sisters of morchella in China is 'farming cultivation', namely sowing seeds in autumn and winter every year and harvesting the seeds in spring the next year. The inventor participates in and testifies the industrial development of morchella esculenta in China so far in 2012, and finds that: in the 'agricultural cultivation' process of the six sister morchella, the environment and the cultivation substrate have obvious influence on the yield, and the continuous planting of the same species has obvious continuous cropping obstacles. According to statistics of seeding areas of 15 ten thousand acres in the whole country in 2019 and 2020 by related media and pen makers, at least two thirds of the seeding areas have little or no mushroom production, and over 80 percent of practitioners do not obtain ideal income or even have no return on blood cost. The industrial cultivation of six sister morchella is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention further provides a six-sister morchella industrialized cultivation method according to the research results of six-sister morchella standardized cultivation for years (a six-sister morchella standardized field production method (ZL201710908676.4) and a six-sister morchella summer sowing autumn harvest cultivation method (ZL201710910362.8) of the applicant, so that the technical problems of long period, large environmental change, uneven cultivation matrix (soil), unstable yield and the like in the existing six-sister morchella agricultural cultivation technology are solved, the planting risk is reduced, annual fruiting is realized, market end supply is guaranteed, and a foundation is laid for industrial development of the six-sister morchella.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an industrial cultivation method of six sister morchella is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: soil pretreatment and cultivation device installation, seeding, hypha culture, hypha and conidium culture, bud suppression, induced bud promotion, young mushroom culture and harvest;
the bud suppression method comprises the following steps: spraying a bud inhibitor on the hyphae and the conidia; the bud inhibitor is
Figure BDA0003134841120000021
The induction bud induction: spraying an inducer on hyphae and conidia, wherein the inducer is
Figure BDA0003134841120000022
Also comprises a step of adding a nutrient substrate: 2-10 kg of culture medium sterilized under high pressure or normal pressure is added to each square meter.
The dosage of the bud inhibiting agent is as follows: 1-500 ppm; the dosage of the inducer is as follows: 1-500 ppm.
The hypha culture steps are as follows: controlling the soil humidity to be 55-70%, the soil temperature to be 13-20 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 13-20 ℃, the air humidity to be 70-90%, the carbon dioxide concentration to be 400-3000 ppm, and carrying out spawn running culture for 3-10 days.
The hypha and conidium culture steps are as follows: controlling the soil humidity to be 53-63%, the soil temperature to be 10-16 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 10-16 ℃, the air humidity to be 60-80% and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 1000-3000 ppm.
The method comprises the following steps of: after the primordium appears in a large amount, controlling the soil humidity to be 50-63%, the soil temperature to be 8-22 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 8-22 ℃, the air humidity to be 75-90% and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 400-800 ppm, and culturing until harvesting.
The preparation method of the bud inhibitor comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003134841120000031
the preparation method of the inducer comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003134841120000032
the cultivation device comprises upright posts, wherein fixing rods are fixedly connected between the upright posts in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, a cultivation pool is fixedly connected to the upper surface of each fixing rod, a through hole is formed in the inner bottom of the cultivation pool, a water pipe is fixedly connected to the inner side surface of each upright post and positioned above the cultivation pool, a spray head is fixedly connected to the surface of the water pipe, and a water tank is arranged below the cultivation pool;
the outer surface of the upright post is fixedly connected with a pipeline, a temperature control device is arranged below the cultivation pool and on the right side of the water tank, and the output end of the temperature control device is fixedly connected with one end of the pipeline;
the top fixedly connected with fixed plate of stand, swing joint has the lead screw between the fixed plate, the surperficial swing joint of lead screw has the nut, the fixed surface of nut is connected with the connecting rod, the top fixedly connected with skeleton of connecting rod, the external fixed surface of skeleton is connected with the heat preservation membrane.
Preferably, cultivate the interior bottom fixedly connected with ventilated membrane in pond, cultivate the interior bottom fixedly connected with soil moisture sensor in pond, soil moisture sensor runs through the ventilated membrane.
Preferably, the top fixedly connected with drainage plate of water tank, the drainage plate sets up for the slope, the output of water pump and the one end fixed connection of water pipe.
Preferably, the inside wall fixedly connected with installation pole of temperature control device, the one end fixedly connected with fan of installation pole, temperature control device's inside wall just is located the front side fixedly connected with condenser of fan.
Preferably, the inner side wall of the temperature control device is fixedly connected with a heater below the condenser, and the input end of the temperature control device is provided with a ventilation opening.
Preferably, the surface of stand just is located the below fixedly connected with slide rail of pipeline, the inside swing joint of slide rail has the slider, the side surface fixedly connected with connecting piece of slider, the connecting piece extends to the outside of slide rail and the internal surface fixed connection of skeleton.
Preferably, the lower surface of the sliding block is provided with a groove, a ball is movably connected inside the groove, and the surface of the ball is in contact with the inner bottom of the sliding rail.
Preferably, the fixed surface of the fixed plate is fixedly connected with a supporting plate, the upper surface of the supporting plate is fixedly connected with a motor, and the output end of the motor penetrates through the fixed plate and is fixedly connected with one end of the screw rod.
Preferably, the outer surface of stand just is close to top edge fixedly connected with temperature sensor, temperature sensor's quantity is a plurality of.
Preferably, the bottom of the upright post is fixedly connected with a plurality of fixing blocks.
The working principle is as follows: when the cultivation pool is used, the through hole 7 is formed in the bottom of the cultivation pool 3 and the breathable film 6 is arranged on the upper surface of the cultivation pool, so that when the soil is breathable, redundant water in the soil can seep down to the cultivation pool of the next layer, and finally redundant water flows into the water tank 18 to be collected through seepage layer by layer, waste of water resources is reduced, the utilization efficiency of the water resources is improved, when insufficient soil humidity is detected through the soil humidity sensor 33, the water pump 17 is controlled through the master control platform to supply water and irrigate, the temperature is adjusted to a proper interval through the condenser 23 and the heater 24, warm air flow is generated by the fan 21 to be sent to all corners through pipelines, the temperature inside the heat preservation film 14 is kept consistent basically, meanwhile, real-time monitoring is carried out on the temperature through the temperature sensor 9, and a good growth environment of morchella is guaranteed, the improved structure of the thermal insulation film is beneficial to improving the quality of morchella, the motor 31 is used for driving the screw rod 11 to drive the nut 12 to move, so that the thermal insulation film 14 can be automatically folded and unfolded, meanwhile, the sliding rail 26 is matched with the sliding block, the abrasion between the screw rod 11 and the nut 12 can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the improved structure of the thermal insulation film 14 is beneficial to improving the rolling efficiency, and the labor intensity is reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the defects of the prior art existing in the cultivation method of the morchella esculenta, the invention provides the industrial cultivation method of the morchella esculenta according to the germplasm resource survey, species diversity, systematics and cultivation research results (Zhao Qi et al, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2017a, b, c, d, e, 2018, Du et al.2012a, b, 2014, 2016 and 2019) of morchella esculenta in China for years by the applicant.
After hyphae and conidia are cultured, primordium inhibition treatment is carried out through a novel bud inhibitor, so that the differentiation quantity of the primordium on the soil surface is reduced; then, primordium induction is carried out to promote the primordium to kink in the soil, and the primordium is further accelerated to be regularly differentiated by adopting a primordium accelerant; and finally, managing and protecting the young mushrooms until harvesting. Thoroughly solves the technical problems of long period, limited season, unstable environment, large difference of culture medium (soil), unstable yield and the like in the existing morchella 'agricultural cultivation' technology; provides a brand new process flow for industrial cultivation of six sister morchella. By adopting the six-sister morchella industrialized cultivation method, the influence of seasons on 'agricultural cultivation' of the six-sister morchella is broken through, the degree of dependence of the six-sister morchella planting on the environment and a cultivation medium is reduced, and annual production of the six-sister morchella is realized. The technology can realize mechanized planting, is simple to operate, low in cost, short in period and controllable in quality, breaks through the limitation of soil and environment on the morchella esculenta industry, and realizes annual production of the morchella esculenta.
The invention provides the industrial cultivation method of the morchella esculenta, which is easy to mechanically operate and manage, stable in yield, low in cost and good in benefit.
The invention also provides an industrial cultivation device for the six sisters morchella. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the device simple structure is reasonable, can solve the not enough of prior art well, improves the utilization efficiency of water resource effectively, is favorable to reducing the waste of water resource.
2. Through using temperature control device, can adjust the inside temperature of heat preservation membrane effectively for temperature regulation's scope is little, and temperature variation is fast, is favorable to reducing the breed cost.
3. The motor is used for driving the lead screw to drive the nut, so that the heat-insulating film is folded and unfolded, the labor intensity of workers can be effectively reduced, and the labor cost can be reduced.
4. Through using the slide rail, can reduce the wearing and tearing between lead screw and the nut effectively, be favorable to prolonging the life of lead screw.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a screw rod structure of an industrial morchella cultivation device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the internal structure of an industrial cultivation device for Morchella esculenta according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the external structure of the industrial cultivation device for Morchella esculenta according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature control device of an industrial Morchella culture device according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a in fig. 2 according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1, upright post; 2. fixing the rod; 3. a cultivation pond; 4. a water pipe; 5. a spray head; 6. a gas permeable membrane; 7. a through hole; 8. a pipeline; 9. a temperature sensor; 10. a fixing plate; 11. a screw rod; 12. a nut; 13. a connecting rod; 14. a heat preservation film; 15. a framework; 16. a fixed block; 17. a water pump; 18. a water tank; 19. a drainage plate; 20. a temperature control device; 21. a fan; 22. mounting a rod; 23. a condenser; 24. a heater; 25. a ventilation opening; 26. a slide rail; 27. a slider; 28. a ball bearing; 29. a groove; 30. a connecting member; 31. a motor; 32. a support plate; 33. a soil moisture sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the following examples are set forth, and should be construed to be illustrative of the invention and not limiting thereof in any way. It should be noted that any modification or improvement made on the basis of the invention by those skilled in the art is within the protection scope of the present invention.
Figure BDA0003134841120000081
Preparation of diethyl-2- (furan 2-yl) ((4- (N) pyridin-2-yl) sulfamoyl) phenyl) amino) methyl) malonate:
adding 4-amino-N- (pyridine-2-yl) benzenesulfonamide (0.1mol) and 2-furfural (0.12mol) into a 100mL single-neck bottle, adding 30 mL of absolute ethanol as a solvent, heating and refluxing for 24 hours, tracking the reaction by TLC, adding diethyl malonate (0.12mol) after the reaction is completed, heating and refluxing, monitoring the reaction process by TLC, ending the reaction after 24 hours, recovering the solvent under reduced pressure, and performing column chromatography (normal hexane: dichloromethane: 4:1V/V) to obtain a white powder product, wherein the melting point 243 is 245, and the yield is 27%.
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.32(d,J＝5.3Hz,1H),7.64(t,J＝9.1Hz,3H),7.41(d,J＝8.7Hz,1H),7.31(s,1H),6.85(t,J＝6.3Hz,1H),6.63(d,J＝8.6Hz,2H),6.26(s,1H),6.16(d,J＝2.9Hz,1H),5.61(d,J＝7.8Hz,1H),5.33(s,1H),4.23–4.07(m,4H),4.04(d,J＝5.5Hz,1H),1.15(dt,J＝23.8,7.1Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ163.12,161.90,149.09,147.10,145.19,138.75,137.59,135.95,124.50,124.09,110.94,109.20,105.76,102.82,57.36,57.10,50.26,46.27,9.16.MS(ESI):m/z 488([M+H]+)；IR(KBr)(cm-1)3394,3202,1609,1362,1250,1181,933,728.
Figure BDA0003134841120000082
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
adding 2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl isocyanate (0.5mol), 4, 6-dimethoxy-2-amino-pyrimidine (0.5mol) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (0.01mol) into a 100mL three-necked bottle as catalysts, finally adding 20mL of toluene as a solvent, heating to 100 ℃, refluxing for 6 hours, tracking the reaction by TLC, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is completed, carrying out vacuum filtration, leaching by using 10% sodium carbonate solution, water and acetone in sequence to obtain a crude product, recrystallizing by using ethanol to obtain a white solid, wherein the melting point is 212-.
1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.23-7.33(d,3H,Ar-H),5.80(s,1H,pyrimidine-H),3.95(s,6H,O-CH3).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO)δ171.33,164.24,161.41,154.37,131.35,125.35,124.67,124.76,114.25,77.18,58.37,48.37.MS(ESI):m/z 340([M+H]+)；IR(KBr)(cm-1)3280,3071,3011,1660,1612,1550,1494,1285,749.
Example 1:
1. soil pretreatment and racking: determining the soil components in the Guizhou white cloud area according to GB/T32737-2016 soil detection standards; the organic matter content is 2.45g/kg, the nitrogen content is 48mg/kg, the water content is 60%, the pH value is 6.5, and 15: 15: 15, adjusting the content of organic matters in the soil to 3.5g/kg, the nitrogen content to 200mg/kg, the water content to 55 percent and the pH value to 7 by using compound fertilizer, humic acid, ground bacterium slaking and lime; further uniformly paving the treated soil on a culture shelf, wherein the soil paving thickness is 20 cm; and (5) standby.
2. Putting the soil on shelves and sowing: uniformly broadcasting morchella strains, wherein 0.5kg of morchella strains are used per square meter; and finally, repeatedly earthing the soil for 2cm by using the agaricus bisporus feeding machine. The soil humidity is kept at 63%.
3. Hypha culture: after conventional sowing, controlling soil humidity to be 68%, soil temperature to be 16%, mushroom house temperature to be 16%, air humidity to be 80%, carbon dioxide concentration to be 1500ppm, illuminating for 1h every day, illuminating intensity to be 400Lx, and spawn running and culturing for 5 days.
4. Adding a nutrient medium: after the hypha culture is finished, 5kg (about 8 bags of 15 x 28cm polypropylene or polyethylene strain bags) of culture medium (the formula is that 40-60% of wheat grains, 10-30% of sorghum, 8-48% of corncobs, 1% of gypsum, 1% of light calcium carbonate, 52-63% of water content and natural pH value) sterilized under high pressure or normal pressure is added to each square meter.
5. Culturing hyphae and conidia: after the nutrient medium is added, the soil humidity is controlled to be 63 percent, the soil temperature is controlled to be 16 ℃, the mushroom house temperature is controlled to be 18 ℃, the air humidity is controlled to be 80 percent, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 1800ppm for spawn running culture for 40 days.
6. Bud suppression, 200ppm adopts bud suppression agent to spray on hypha and conidium, dosage is 90 ml/square meter; the bud inhibitor is
Figure BDA0003134841120000101
The culture was carried out for 3 days.
7. Inducing and bud forcing: after 3 days of bud inhibition, 50ppm of inducer is sprayed on hyphae and conidia, the dosage is 150 ml/square meter, and the inducer is
Figure BDA0003134841120000102
Culturing for 3 days until the primordia appear in large amount.
8. And (3) young mushroom culture: after the primordium appears in large quantity, controlling the soil humidity to be 62%, the soil temperature to be 13 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 15 ℃, the air humidity to be less than 90% and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 600ppm, and culturing until harvesting.
9. Harvesting: the lid of the morchella esculenta is 12cm, and the stipe is white; timely harvesting according to a conventional morchella picking method to achieve the yield of 2.8kg of fresh mushrooms per square meter.
10. And (3) soil undercarriage and mushroom house treatment: and removing the harvested soil from the mushroom bed, and integrally disinfecting and sterilizing the picked mushroom house by adopting a conventional edible mushroom factory mushroom house disinfection method.
Example 2:
1. soil pretreatment and racking: determining the components of the Yunnan Feignin Xiaojie soil according to the GB/T32737-2016 soil detection standard; the organic matter content is 2.2g/kg, the nitrogen content is 100mg/kg, the water content is 58 percent, the pH value is 6.5, and 15: 15: 15, adjusting the content of organic matters in the soil to 3.5g/kg, the nitrogen content to 300mg/kg, the water content to 60 percent and the pH value to 7 by using compound fertilizer, humic acid, ground bacterium slaking and lime; further uniformly paving the treated soil on a culture shelf, wherein the soil paving thickness is 20 cm; and (5) standby.
2. Putting the soil on shelves and sowing: uniformly broadcasting the morchella strains, wherein 1kg of the morchella strains are used per square meter; and finally, repeatedly earthing the soil for 2cm by using the agaricus bisporus feeding machine. The soil humidity is kept at 63%.
3. Hypha culture: after conventional sowing, controlling the soil humidity to be 65%, the soil temperature to be 18%, the mushroom house temperature to be 18%, the air humidity to be 90%, the carbon dioxide concentration to be 2500ppm, illuminating for 3 hours every day, the illumination intensity to be 600Lx, and spawn running and culturing for 3 days.
4. Adding a nutrient medium: after the hypha culture is finished, 8kg (8 bags of 15 x 28cm polypropylene or polyethylene strain bags) of culture medium (the formula is that 40-60% of wheat grains, 10-30% of sorghum, 8-48% of corncobs, 1% of gypsum, 1% of light calcium carbonate, 52-63% of water content and natural pH value) sterilized under high pressure or normal pressure is added to each square meter.
5. Culturing hyphae and conidia: after the nutrient medium is added, the soil humidity is controlled to be 64 percent, the soil temperature is controlled to be 15 percent, the mushroom house temperature is controlled to be 15 percent, the air humidity is 80 percent, the carbon dioxide concentration is 1800ppm, and the spawn running culture is carried out for 42 days.
6. Bud suppression, 50ppm adopts bud suppression agent to spray on hypha and conidium, dosage is 150 ml/square meter; the bud inhibitor is
Figure BDA0003134841120000111
The culture was carried out for 3 days.
7. Inducing and bud forcing: after 3 days of bud inhibition, 400ppm of inducer is sprayed on hyphae and conidia, the dosage is 50 ml/square meter, and the inducer is
Figure BDA0003134841120000121
Culturing for 3 days until the primordia appear in large amount.
8. And (3) young mushroom culture: after the primordium appears in large quantity, controlling the soil humidity to be 63%, the soil temperature to be 12 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 12 ℃, the air humidity to be less than 85% and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 800ppm, and culturing until harvesting.
9. Harvesting: the lid of the morchella esculenta is 10cm, and the stipe is white; timely harvesting according to a conventional morchella picking method to achieve 2kg of fresh mushroom yield per square meter.
10. And (3) soil undercarriage and mushroom house treatment: and removing the harvested soil from the mushroom bed, and integrally disinfecting and sterilizing the picked mushroom house by adopting a conventional edible mushroom factory mushroom house disinfection method.
Example 3:
1. soil pretreatment and racking: determining soil components in Guizhou Qianxi county according to GB/T32737-2016 soil detection standard; the organic matter content is 3.15g/kg, the nitrogen content is 88mg/kg, the water content is 56%, the pH value is 6.5, and 15: 15: 15, adjusting the content of organic matters in the soil to 3.5g/kg, the nitrogen content to 300mg/kg, the water content to 60 percent and the pH value to 7 by using compound fertilizer, humic acid, ground bacterium slaking and lime; further uniformly paving the treated soil on a culture shelf, wherein the soil paving thickness is 15 cm; and (5) standby.
2. Putting the soil on shelves and sowing: uniformly broadcasting morchella strains, wherein 0.8kg of morchella strains are used per square meter; and finally, repeatedly earthing the soil for 2cm by using the agaricus bisporus feeding machine. And the soil humidity is kept at 60%.
3. Hypha culture: after conventional sowing, controlling the soil humidity to be 68%, the soil temperature to be 18%, the mushroom house temperature to be 18 ℃, the air humidity to be 85%, the carbon dioxide concentration to be 1000ppm, illuminating for 3 hours every day, the illumination intensity to be 300Lx, and spawn running and culturing for 3 days.
4. Adding a nutrient medium: after the hypha culture is finished, 8kg (8 bags of 15 x 28cm polypropylene or polyethylene strain bags) of culture medium (the formula is that 40-60% of wheat grains, 10-30% of sorghum, 8-48% of corncobs, 1% of gypsum, 1% of light calcium carbonate, 52-63% of water content and natural pH value) sterilized under high pressure or normal pressure is added to each square meter.
5. Culturing hyphae and conidia: after the nutrient medium is added, the soil humidity is controlled to be 63 percent, the soil temperature is controlled to be 15 ℃, the mushroom house temperature is controlled to be 15 ℃, the air humidity is controlled to be 70 percent, the carbon dioxide concentration is 1800ppm, and the spawn running culture is carried out for 40 days.
6. Bud suppression, namely spraying 400ppm of bud suppression agent on hyphae and conidia, wherein the dosage is 50 ml/square meter; the bud inhibitor is
Figure BDA0003134841120000131
The culture was carried out for 3 days.
7. Inducing and bud forcing: after 3 days of bud inhibition, 200ppm of inducer is sprayed on hyphae and conidia, the dosage is 90 ml/square meter, and the inducer is
Figure BDA0003134841120000132
Culturing for 3 days until the primordia appear in large amount.
8. And (3) young mushroom culture: after the primordium appears in large quantity, controlling the soil humidity to be 65%, the soil temperature to be 14 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 14 ℃, the air humidity to be less than 90% and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 600ppm, and culturing until harvesting.
9. Harvesting: the lid of the morchella esculenta is 12cm, and the stipe is white; timely harvesting according to a conventional morchella picking method to achieve the yield of 3kg of fresh mushrooms per square meter.
10. And (3) soil undercarriage and mushroom house treatment: and removing the harvested soil from the mushroom bed, and integrally disinfecting and sterilizing the picked mushroom house by adopting a conventional edible mushroom factory mushroom house disinfection method.
TABLE 1 comparison of the planting results of the method of the invention with those of the prior art
Figure BDA0003134841120000141
Figure BDA0003134841120000151
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a six-sister industrial morchella culturing device, including vertical posts 1, fixing rods 2 fixedly connected to both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction between the vertical posts 1, a culturing pool 3 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the fixing rods 2, a through hole 7 formed in the inner bottom of the culturing pool 3, a water pipe 4 fixedly connected to the inner side surface of the vertical posts 1 and above the culturing pool 3, a spray head 5 fixedly connected to the surface of the water pipe 4, a water tank 18 disposed below the culturing pool 3, a breathable film 6 fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the culturing pool 3, a soil humidity sensor 33 fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the culturing pool 3, the soil humidity sensor 33 penetrating the breathable film 6, a drainage plate 19 fixedly connected to the top of the water tank 18, the drainage plate 19 being disposed in an inclined manner, an output end of a water pump 17 fixedly connected to one end of the water pipe 4, the through hole 7 formed in the inner bottom of the culturing pool 3 and the breathable film 6 disposed on the upper surface, the soil can be ensured to be ventilated, and simultaneously, redundant water in the soil can be enabled to seep down to the next layer of cultivation pool, so that the redundant water can flow into the water tank 18 for collection through the seepage layer by layer, the waste of water resources is reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the water resources is improved;
the outer surface of the upright post 1 is fixedly connected with a pipeline 8, a temperature control device 20 is arranged below the cultivation pool 3 and on the right side of the water tank 18, the output end of the temperature control device 20 is fixedly connected with one end of the pipeline 8, the inner side wall of the temperature control device 20 is fixedly connected with an installation rod 22, one end of the installation rod 22 is fixedly connected with a fan 21, the inner side wall of the temperature control device 20 is fixedly connected with a condenser 23 positioned on the front side of the fan 21, the inner side wall of the temperature control device 20 is fixedly connected with a heater 24 positioned below the condenser 23, the input end of the temperature control device 20 is provided with a ventilation opening 25, the temperature is adjusted to a proper interval by using the condenser 23 and the heater 24, the fan 21 is used for generating airflow to send the warm airflow to all corners through the pipeline, so that the temperature inside the heat preservation film 14 is basically kept consistent, and the temperature is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 9, the toadstool has a good growth environment, and the quality of the toadstool is improved;
the top of the upright post 1 is fixedly connected with a fixing plate 10, a screw rod 11 is movably connected between the fixing plates 10, a nut 12 is movably connected on the surface of the screw rod 11, a connecting rod 13 is fixedly connected on the surface of the nut 12, a framework 15 is fixedly connected on the top of the connecting rod 13, a heat preservation film 14 is fixedly connected on the outer surface of the framework 15, a slide rail 26 is fixedly connected on the outer surface of the upright post 1 and below the pipeline 8, a slide block 27 is movably connected inside the slide rail 26, a connecting piece 30 is fixedly connected on the side surface of the slide block 27, the connecting piece 30 extends to the outside of the slide rail 26 and is fixedly connected with the inner surface of the framework 15, a groove 29 is formed in the lower surface of the slide block 27, a ball 28 is movably connected inside the groove 29, the surface of the ball 28 is contacted with the inner bottom of the slide rail 26, and the automatic retraction and release of the heat preservation film 14 can be realized by driving the screw rod 11 to drive the nut 12 to move by using a motor 31, meanwhile, the sliding rail 26 is matched with the sliding block, so that the abrasion between the screw rod 11 and the nut 12 can be effectively reduced, the rolling efficiency of the heat-insulating film 14 can be improved, and the labor intensity of workers can be reduced.
Preferably, the surface of the fixing plate 10 is fixedly connected with a supporting plate 32, the upper surface of the supporting plate 32 is fixedly connected with a motor 31, and the output end of the motor 31 penetrates through the fixing plate 10 and is fixedly connected with one end of the screw rod 11, so that the screw rod 11 is conveniently driven.
Preferably, the surface of stand 1 and be close to top edge fixedly connected with temperature sensor 9, temperature sensor 9's quantity is a plurality of, plays the accuracy of guaranteeing the monitoring, guarantees the effect of hickory chick growth quality.
Preferably, the bottom fixedly connected with fixed block 16 of stand 1, the quantity of fixed block 16 is a plurality of, plays the effect that conveniently improves support stability.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. An industrial cultivation method of six sister morchella is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: soil pretreatment and cultivation device installation, seeding, hypha culture, hypha and conidium culture, bud suppression, induced bud promotion, young mushroom culture and harvest;
the bud suppression method comprises the following steps: spraying a bud inhibitor on the hyphae and the conidia; the bud inhibitor is
Figure FDA0003134841110000011
The induction bud induction: spraying an inducer on hyphae and conidia, wherein the inducer is
Figure FDA0003134841110000012
2. The industrial cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein: also comprises a step of adding a nutrient substrate: 2-10 kg of culture medium sterilized under high pressure or normal pressure is added to each square meter.
3. The industrial cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein: the dosage of the bud inhibiting agent is as follows: 1-500 ppm; the dosage of the inducer is as follows: 1-500 ppm.
4. The industrial cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein: the hypha culture steps are as follows: controlling the soil humidity to be 55-70%, the soil temperature to be 13-20 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 13-20 ℃, the air humidity to be 70-90%, the carbon dioxide concentration to be 400-3000 ppm, and carrying out spawn running culture for 3-10 days.
5. The industrial cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein: the hypha and conidium culture steps are as follows: controlling the soil humidity to be 53-63%, the soil temperature to be 10-16 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 10-16 ℃, the air humidity to be 60-80% and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 1000-3000 ppm.
6. The industrial cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps of: after the primordium appears in a large amount, controlling the soil humidity to be 50-63%, the soil temperature to be 8-22 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 8-22 ℃, the air humidity to be 75-90% and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 400-800 ppm, and culturing until harvesting.
7. The industrial cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the bud inhibitor comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003134841110000021
8. the industrial cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the inducer comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003134841110000022
9. the industrial cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein: the cultivation device comprises upright posts (1), wherein fixing rods (2) are fixedly connected between the upright posts (1) in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, a cultivation pool (3) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of each fixing rod (2), a through hole (7) is formed in the inner bottom of each cultivation pool (3), a water pipe (4) is fixedly connected to the inner side surface of each upright post (1) and is positioned above each cultivation pool (3), a spray head (5) is fixedly connected to the surface of each water pipe (4), and a water tank (18) is arranged below each cultivation pool (3);
the outer surface of the upright post (1) is fixedly connected with a pipeline (8), a temperature control device (20) is arranged below the cultivation pool (3) and on the right side of the water tank (18), and the output end of the temperature control device (20) is fixedly connected with one end of the pipeline (8);
the top fixedly connected with fixed plate (10) of stand (1), swing joint has lead screw (11) between fixed plate (10), the surperficial swing joint of lead screw (11) has nut (12), the fixed surface of nut (12) is connected with connecting rod (13), the top fixedly connected with skeleton (15) of connecting rod (13), the external fixed surface of skeleton (15) is connected with heat preservation membrane (14).
10. The industrial morchella cultivation device according to claim 9, wherein: cultivate interior bottom fixedly connected with ventilated membrane (6) of pond (3), cultivate interior bottom fixedly connected with soil moisture sensor (33) of pond (3), ventilated membrane (6) is run through in soil moisture sensor (33).
CN202110715041.9A 2021-06-26 2021-06-26 Industrial cultivation method and device for six sisters morchella Pending CN113439610A (en)

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