CN1134391C - 制造环己醇及环己酮的改良方法 - Google Patents

制造环己醇及环己酮的改良方法 Download PDF

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CN1134391C
CN1134391C CNB988084171A CN98808417A CN1134391C CN 1134391 C CN1134391 C CN 1134391C CN B988084171 A CNB988084171 A CN B988084171A CN 98808417 A CN98808417 A CN 98808417A CN 1134391 C CN1134391 C CN 1134391C
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pimelinketone
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hexanaphthene
hexalin
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C・苏泼利
J·J·奥斯特迈尔
劳莱尔
G·C·拉瑟尔三世
西曼
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EIDP Inc
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    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/51Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition
    • C07C45/53Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition of hydroperoxides
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    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/132Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
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    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/48Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by oxidation reactions with formation of hydroxy groups
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    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/27Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
    • C07C45/32Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen
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    • C07C2601/14The ring being saturated

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Abstract

一种通过环己烷空气氧化制造环己醇及环己酮的方法,其中采用一种多元酸中和苛性碱,从而防止分馏期间环己酮二聚的发生。

Description

制造环己醇及环己酮的改良方法
发明背景
己二酸及己内酰胺制造中的第1步是环己烷氧化生成包含未反应环己烷、环己酮、环己醇及环己基过氧化氢(CHHP)的混合物,然后以苛性水溶液处理该混合物,以使CHHP分解生成更多的环己酮及环己醇。此种处理导致2相混合物的生成:有机相,主要包含环己烷、环己酮及环己醇;水相,主要包含水、有机盐及苛性碱(caustic)。然而,往往一部分苛性碱将不可避免地残留在有机相中以分散液滴形式存在。环己酮与环己醇的分离通常采用分馏来实现,在分馏中环己酮受到加热。在工业操作中,分馏是在金属蒸馏釜中实施的,该釜常常由与酸性介质接触时容易被腐蚀的金属制成。在该分馏步骤期间,哪怕存在少量苛性碱也会催化部分环己酮的低聚反应,结果导致收率的损失。而且,倘若环己酮/环己醇混合物转化为己二酸,则环己酮低聚物的存在还会造成设备的结垢及己二酸的被污染。倘若有一种限制上述生产中环己酮低聚反应程度的途径,那将是可人的。
发明概述
本发明的目的是提供一种限制上述过程中环己酮低聚的程度,却不造成腐蚀金属分馏釜及其它设备的酸性条件的方法。本发明是以空气氧化环己烷制造环己醇及环己酮的改良方法。未经改良的方法包括下列步骤:
(1)环己烷与空气反应生成第1混合物,包含环己醇、环己酮、环己基过氧化氢及环己烷;
(2)环己基过氧化氢与苛性水溶液,任选地在钴催化剂存在下起反应生成第2混合物,包括:含有环己醇、环己酮及环己烷的有机相,以及含有水及苛性碱的水相;
(3)从第2混合物的有机相中分离掉第2混合物的水相;
(4)令有机相与水进行接触,以便将其中的部分苛性碱提取出来;
(5)蒸馏有机相,以便将环己烷与环己醇及环己酮分离。
改良之处包括:在步骤(4)的水中包含至少1种多元酸,它能中和苛性碱并形成pH介于7.0~9.5范围的缓冲体系,从而基本上消除步骤(5)中环己酮的低聚。
发明详述
在制造己二酸或己内酰胺的典型工业方法中,环己烷在空气氧化器中与氧气反应生成含未反应环己烷、环己酮、环己醇及环己基过氧化氢(CHHP)的混合物。该混合物随后被转移到CHHP分解反应器中,在此,以苛性水溶液,一般为氢氧化钠对它进行处理,任选地在钴催化剂存在下。该处理的结果,生成2相混合物。一相是有机相,含有环己烷、环己酮及环己醇,还有一些夹带的苛性水溶液,它能使该相变得浑浊。另一相是水相,含有水、大部分苛性碱以及少量有机酸的盐如己二酸盐、戊二酸盐等等。有机相借助至少1个倾析器分离出来,倾析器将水相作为废液流除掉。
有机相随后在第2倾析器中与包含多元酸的新鲜水进行混合,从而形成一种溶液,其pH被缓冲在约pH7.0~约9.5,更优选约8.0~9.5的范围。
合适的多元酸一般为三-或二价酸,如碳酸及磷酸。优选使用碳酸。方便的是,碳酸可在不断将新鲜水引入到第2倾析器的过程中,依靠二氧化碳与水的接触而生成。此种多元酸的应用所提供的优点在于,它能中和苛性碱,同时又不致使有机相的酸性过大,以致造成下游设备腐蚀问题的危险。混合后,将生成的有机相与水相分离,并可将水相,连同所含有的一部分被中和的苛性碱排掉,或者恰当地循环。
水相与有机相在第2倾析器中分开后,可实施以缓冲性水的进一步洗涤和倾析,从而进一步降低环己烷、环己酮及环己醇混合物中可能存在的苛性碱。
最后,环己烷、环己酮及环己醇的混合物可在蒸馏釜中借助分馏分开,最终回收到基本纯的环己酮和环己醇,其中很少或没有环己酮低聚物的生成。环己烷可返回到最初空气氧化器中以便再次用于反应。
现在,将结合下列非限定性实施例来说明本发明。
下面的实施例基于这样的实验,该实验通过将45%环己酮(K)及55%壬烷加入到回流间歇反应器中进行操作,反应器上装有迪恩-斯达克分水器以便连续地除掉水。此种反应混合物回流在145℃下。向该混合物中加入化学品以确定其对K的二聚体生成的催化效力。试验的化学品是碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠及氢氧化钠。当混合物被加热到正常回流时,水经由迪恩-斯达克分水器排出,化学品则转化为单独的固相。另外,在实验进行期间,二氧化碳鼓泡穿过含氢氧化钠的混合物,从而将氢氧化钠中和,随后再将水汽提出去。在各种不同时间间隔采取反应器物料的样品并分析其中K的二聚体和三聚体含量。
对比例
(二聚体生成对催化剂种类的依赖关系)
实验操作期间,分别加入相当于1200ppmNa的碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠及氢氧化钠。另外,在空白实验中,不加含钠的化合物。二聚体的含量随时间变化的情况载于表1中。
                    表1t(h)                              ppm二聚体
  空白        NaHCO3        Na2CO3      NaOH0.5    --          --              --          110,0001.0    20          37              50          216,0002.0    50          110             100           --4.0    110         280             260           --
这些数据清楚地显示,苛性碱是不希望的用于二聚体生成的高活性的催化剂,而碳酸氢钠及碳酸钠则是非常弱的催化剂,即便有催化作用的话。这些结果表明,用二氧化碳与苛性碱起反应使之转化为碳酸钠及碳酸氢钠形式,能大大抑制利用蒸馏使K和A与未反应环己烷分离的步骤中二聚体的生成。
                        实例1
            (加入二氧化碳以抑制二聚体的生成)
实验的目的在于证实二氧化碳在中和苛性碱及抑制二聚体生成上的效力。在本例中,相当于1200ppmNa的氢氧化钠连同痕量的百里酚酞指示剂溶液被加入到反应混合物中,然后让二氧化碳鼓泡穿过反应器,直至指示剂由蓝变为无色。这对应于约有一半苛性碱被中和为碳酸氢盐,一半变为碳酸盐。然后,加热反应器,并测定二聚体生成随时间的变化。结果如表2所示,该数据显示出二氧化碳对抑制二聚体生成(1200ppmNa)的效果。
                表2t(h)                           ppm二聚体,
         空白              加入CO2          NaOH0.5          --                20                110,0001.0          20                60                216,0002.0          50                130               --
                          实例2
          (二氧化碳对抑制二聚体生成(240ppmNa)的效果)
实例2重复实例1的操作,不同的是,实验在较低的钠浓度,即240ppmNa的氢氧化钠条件下进行。该结果载于表3中,该数据显示出二氧化碳对抑制二聚体生成(240ppmNa)的效果。
                             表3t(h)                           ppm二聚体,
              空白           加入CO2               NaOH0.5               --             20                     12901.0               20             40                     52902.0               50             110                    14,100
该结果再次显示二氧化碳抑制二聚体生成的能力。表2与3之间的数据比较表明,降低苛性碱浓度,二聚体生成速率将大大降低。

Claims (4)

1.一种通过环己烷的空气氧化制造环己醇及环己酮的方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)环己烷与空气反应生成第1混合物,该混合物包含环己醇、环己酮、环己基过氧化氢及环己烷;
(2)含有环己基过氧化氢的第1混合物与苛性水溶液,任选地在钴催化剂存在下起反应,生成第2混合物,该混合物包括:含有环己醇、环己酮及环己烷的有机相,以及含有水及苛性碱的水相;
(3)从第2混合物的有机相中分离掉第2混合物的水相;
(4)令有机相与水进行接触,以便将其中的部分苛性碱提取出来;
(5)蒸馏有机相,以便将环己烷与环己醇及环己酮分离;
其特征在于,在步骤(4)的水中,包含至少1种多元酸,它能中和苛性碱并形成pH介于7.0~9.5范围的缓冲液,从而基本上消除步骤(5)中环己酮的低聚。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中pH范围是8.0~9.5。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中多元酸是碳酸。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中碳酸是通过在步骤(4)中,水与二氧化碳之间的接触生成的。
CNB988084171A 1997-08-25 1998-08-19 制造环己醇及环己酮的改良方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1134391C (zh)

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US08/918,779 US5892122A (en) 1997-08-25 1997-08-25 Method for making cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone
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US7214290B2 (en) * 2002-09-04 2007-05-08 Shaw Liquid Solutions Llc. Treatment of spent caustic refinery effluents
CN1950354A (zh) * 2004-05-11 2007-04-18 默克公司 N-磺酰化-氨基酸衍生物的制备方法
DE602005024436D1 (de) * 2004-12-22 2010-12-09 Dsm Ip Assets Bv Verfahren zum zersetzen von cyclohexylhydroperoxid
WO2008069127A1 (ja) 2006-12-05 2008-06-12 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. シクロアルカンの酸化生成物の製造方法
US7592493B2 (en) * 2007-06-27 2009-09-22 H R D Corporation High shear process for cyclohexanol production
US8088953B2 (en) * 2007-06-27 2012-01-03 H R D Corporation High shear oxidation of cyclohexane
CN102617278A (zh) * 2012-02-24 2012-08-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种环己基过氧化氢分解制环己酮和环己醇的方法
WO2015010928A1 (en) * 2013-07-22 2015-01-29 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Continuous process for the production of purified cyclohexanone
CN107531567B (zh) * 2015-02-27 2020-06-09 Gcp应用技术有限公司 使用酮醇油废料改良水泥质组合物

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GB1412308A (en) * 1973-01-11 1975-11-05 Bp Chem Int Ltd Removal of mineral acid catalyst from cumene hydroperoxide cleavage products
NL7904651A (nl) * 1979-06-14 1980-12-16 Stamicarbon Werkwijze voor het verwijderen van alkalimetaalcarboxy- laten uit cycloalkanon en cycloalkanol bevattende meng- sels verkregen bij oxidatie van cycloalkanen.
NL8201695A (nl) * 1982-04-23 1983-11-16 Stamicarbon Werkwijze voor de bereiding van cyclohexanol en cyclohexanon.
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WO1999010304A1 (en) 1999-03-04
TW536533B (en) 2003-06-11
AU9024298A (en) 1999-03-16
CN1268108A (zh) 2000-09-27
DE69806941T2 (de) 2003-03-27
EP1007497A1 (en) 2000-06-14
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