CN113426487B - 一种用于乙烯氢甲酰化制备丙醛的催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于乙烯氢甲酰化制备丙醛的催化剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于乙烯氢甲酰化制备丙醛的催化剂及制备方法;催化剂结构为RhxCoy‑MOFs‑74;为金属铑和金属钴有机骨架化合物。将原料六水合硝酸钴、六水合三氯化铑和有机配体2,5‑二羟基对苯二甲酸(DHTA)溶解在溶剂中,超声0.5~1小时使其全部溶解;将液加入水热合成釜中,在80℃‑120℃下结晶24‑36小时;将生成的固体催化剂进行过滤,得到的固体用溶剂洗涤,然后浸泡在甲醇中,以除去晶体中残余的溶剂,浸泡、过滤除去甲醇,在真空干燥箱干燥,得到含有铑的金属骨架催化剂。所制备骨架型催化剂由于骨架中同时存在钴和铑两种金属,在反应过程中两种金属可以发生协同效应,提高氢甲酰化反应选择性和转化率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化学化工合成领域,具体涉及一种乙烯氢甲酰化制备丙醛的催化剂及制备方法。
背景技术
铑催化的烯烃氢甲酰化反应是典型的原子经济反应,也是目前文献报道较多的羰基化反应,已经成为由烯烃制备醛和醇的理想方法。该反应是由德国科学家Otto Roelen于1938年首次发行的,目前已经发展为全世界规模最大的均相催化过程之一。均相氢甲酰化具有催化活性高、选择性好和反应条件温和的优点,但是其对空气敏感,热稳定性差,使得催化剂的分离和回收都比较困难。多相催化剂具有容易分离的优点,是工业催化的主流,因此开发高活性、高稳定性的多相催化剂是实现氢甲酰化反应多相催化工业过程的关键。
很多学者对负载型氢甲酰化催化剂进行了研究,例如Vot等(RSC Adv,2018(8):23332-23338)以非极性交联聚苯乙烯为载体,聚乙二醇改性或铵盐改性的苯乙烯单体为亲水试剂,通过乳液聚合法制备了胶束状聚合物颗粒。将铑前驱体二羰基乙酰丙酮铑、膦配体以及聚合物颗粒的水悬浮液加入到高压釜中,然后充入10MPa合成气并加热至80℃,在釜中原位形成催化剂,并将此催化剂应用于1-辛烯的氢甲酰化反应中。专利ZL201310370138.6、ZL201510250873.2、ZL201510250176.7等发明了一类膦功能化的聚醚咪唑鎓盐和胍盐离子液体,实现了膦配体和离子液体的一体化。在氢甲酰化反应中,膦功能化的离子液体既有膦配体的特性,能与铑形成络合催化剂,又就兼备离子液体的溶剂性能,可充当铑催化剂的载体,因此无需加入大量的其他离子液体。专利ZL202010649615.2中以氯甲基化聚苯乙烯为原料,经过硝化反应和水解反应制备了含有羟基的聚苯乙烯基材,该基材与丁基锂和氯代亚磷酸酯反应得到含有膦配体的聚苯乙烯载体,再将铑或钴负载上去得到氢甲酰化反应催化剂,并将该催化剂用于2-异丁烯的氢甲酰化反应中。专利ZL20201054114.0则是合成了含有聚醚功能化离子液体的二氧化硅基材料作为载体,再负载铑得到氢甲酰化催化剂并用于1-辛烯的氢甲酰化反应中。这些催化剂都取得了很好的催化效果,但是由于主元素铑是通过络合耦合在基材上,结合力并不强,随着反应的不断进行还是有催化剂流失的现象出现。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型的氢甲酰化催化剂及其制备方法,解决乙烯氢甲酰化过程中反应产物与催化剂难以分离的问题,同时减少金属铑的流失,并能在较为温和的条件获得较高收率的产品,并且催化剂结构稳定,多次套用后活性仍能保持。
本发明的技术方案如:
一种用于乙烯氢甲酰化制备丙醛的催化剂,催化剂结构为RhxCoy-MOFs-74;为金属铑和金属钴有机骨架化合物,以铑金属离子和钴金属离子作为其节点,有机配体作为连接体,两者相互连接自组装成具有周期性结构的配位化合物;其中:x=0.1-0.3,y=0.7-0.9。
一种用于乙烯氢甲酰化制备丙醛的催化剂制备方法;包含以下步骤:
(1)将原料六水合硝酸钴、六水合三氯化铑和有机配体2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸(DHTA)溶解在溶剂中,其中Co:Rh:DHTA的摩尔比为7.5~1.8:1:2.8~0.9,超声0.5~1小时使其全部溶解;
(2)将上述溶解溶液加入水热合成釜中,在80℃-120℃下结晶24-36小时;
(3)将生成的固体催化剂进行过滤,得到的固体用溶剂洗去为反应的原料,然后浸泡在甲醇中,浸泡1-3天以除去晶体中残余的溶剂;
(4)过滤除去甲醇,在真空干燥箱70℃-80℃下干燥24h,除去催化剂孔道中吸附的甲醇,得到含有铑的金属骨架催化剂RhxCoy-MOFs-74。
所述溶剂为水、乙醇、DMF中的一种或者几种的混合溶液,混合溶液中各溶剂的重量比相等。
所述催化剂中Rh的含量x=0.1-0.3,Co的含量y=0.7-0.9,x,y的数值由所加原料中六水合硝酸钴与六水合三氯化铑的比例决定。
本发明中所使用的溶剂为极性溶剂,溶剂为水、乙醇和DMF中的一种或者几种的混合溶液,使用极性溶剂一方面可以更好的将反应原料溶解,另一方面在结晶过程中可以更好的形成MOFs的骨架结构。如上所述,本发明的结晶温度为80℃-120℃,这是因为在较低温度结晶获得的MOFs骨架结构比表面积明显要大于在较高温度结晶的MOFs骨架结构,但是较低温度结晶得到的MOFs骨架结构中的孔径较小,太小的孔径不利于反应产物在催化剂内部的传递,影响反应进程,因此需要选取合适的结晶温度来得到比表面积和内部孔径都适中的MOFs骨架结构,因此结晶温度选取的范围为80℃-120℃。本发明中是将主催化剂铑金属作为MOsF骨架结构的一部分嫁接到Co-MOsF-74的骨架结构中,由于铑的原子半径要小于钴的原子半径,因此骨架中铑的含量太高会造成MOsF骨架结构的坍塌,因此选取骨架结构中铑的含量在0.1-0.3之间,这样可以获得理想的含有金属铑催化剂活性点的MOsF-74金属骨架催化剂。催化剂制备过程中结晶时间选取24小时-36小时主要是因为在较短的结晶时间内(例如12小时或者18小时)制备的催化剂虽然晶体直径也可以达到微米级,但是晶体直径的分布并不均匀,选取24小时以上的结晶时间可以使得结晶过程充分进行,形成更为规则、均匀、结晶度好的MOFs晶体结构。反应得到的晶体骨架内还有微量的未反应完全的原料,因此使用甲醇进行长时间的浸泡可以将微量杂质及未反应完全的原料带出,保证晶体内的孔道的通畅。
本发明所制备的RhxCoy-MOsF-74骨架型催化剂将主金属铑嫁接在MOFs金属骨架中,由于共价键的存在,金属骨架间的作用力可以保障金属骨架在氢甲酰化反应过程中的稳定性,因此可以有效的防止金属铑在反应过程中的从骨架中脱落从而造成的催化剂流失。同时,由于骨架中同时存在钴和铑两种金属,在反应过程中两种金属可以发生协同效应,提高氢甲酰化反应的选择性和转化率。
具体实施例:
实施例1:
称取2.18g克Co(NO3)2·6H2O、0.66克六水合三氯化铑,与0.66克2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸(DHTA),其中CO、Rh和DHTA的摩尔比2.33:1:1.1,将其分别溶于装有70ml乙醇:水:DMF=1:1:1的混合溶液的烧杯中。将三种溶液混合并置于超声波清洗仪中,超声振动30min。后将红棕色混合液转移至带聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热合成釜中,于100℃下结晶24h。结束后,过滤将生成的晶体与剩余溶液分离,所得固体用DMF洗涤3次。再将所得到的固体浸泡在甲醇中,以除去固体中残余的溶剂,浸泡3天,每12h跟换一次甲醇。最后,过滤除去甲醇,在真空干燥箱80℃下干燥24小时,得到Rh0.25Co0.75-MOFs-74骨架型催化剂。
乙烯羰基化评价反应在500mL高压反应釜中进行。将0.520g上述合成的催化剂和8.66g三苯基膦,和200ml甲苯中,并加入到反应釜中。密闭高压釜,通入一定量氢气,再抽至真空,重复三次。然后通入0.1g氢气和0.1g一氧化碳,并以2℃速度/min开始升温,将搅拌开至500r/min。待反应釜升温至85℃后,将一氧化碳、乙烯、氢气以摩尔比1:1:1.08混合后通入反应釜中,利用背压阀使釜压稳定。反应1小时后停止,将釜温降至室温。通过气体流量计计量釜中剩余气体,对收集的反应尾气和釜液进行检测分析。计算反应原料转化率和丙醛选择性。结果见表1。
实施例2
称取2.62g克Co(NO3)2·6H2O、0.26克六水合三氯化铑,与0.66克2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸(DHTA),其中CO、Rh和DHTA的摩尔比7.5:1:2.78,将其分别溶于装有70ml乙醇的烧杯中。将三种溶液混合并置于超声波清洗仪中,超声振动30min。后将红棕色混合液转移至带聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热合成釜中,于100℃下结晶24h。结束后,过滤将生成的晶体与剩余溶液分离,所得固体用DMF洗涤3次。再将所得到的固体浸泡在甲醇中,以除去固体中残余的溶剂,浸泡3天,每12h跟换一次甲醇。最后,过滤除去甲醇,在真空干燥箱70℃下干燥24小时,得到Rh0.1Co0.9-MOFs-74骨架型催化剂。
乙烯羰基化评价反应在500mL高压反应釜中进行。将0.520g上述合成的催化剂和8.66g三苯基膦,和200ml甲苯中,并加入到反应釜中。密闭高压釜,通入一定量氢气,再抽至真空,重复三次。然后通入0.1g氢气和0.1g一氧化碳,并以2℃速度/min开始升温,将搅拌开至500r/min。待反应釜升温至85℃后,将一氧化碳、乙烯、氢气以摩尔比1:1:1.08混合后通入反应釜中,利用背压阀使釜压稳定。反应1小时后停止,将釜温降至室温。通过气体流量计计量釜中剩余气体,对收集的反应尾气和釜液进行检测分析。计算反应原料转化率和丙醛选择性。结果见表1。
实施例3
称取2.03g克Co(NO3)2·6H2O、0.79克六水合三氯化铑,与0.66克2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸(DHTA),其中CO、Rh和DHTA的摩尔比1.8:1:0.9,将其分别溶于装有70m DMF溶剂的烧杯中。将三种溶液混合并置于超声波清洗仪中,超声振动30min。后将红棕色混合液转移至带聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热合成釜中,于100℃下结晶24h。结束后,过滤将生成的晶体与剩余溶液分离,所得固体用DMF洗涤3次。再将所得到的固体浸泡在甲醇中,以除去固体中残余的溶剂,浸泡3天,每12h跟换一次甲醇。最后,过滤除去甲醇,在真空干燥箱80℃下干燥24小时,得到Rh0.3Co0.7-MOFs-74骨架型催化剂。
乙烯羰基化评价反应在500mL高压反应釜中进行。将0.520g上述合成的催化剂和8.66g三苯基膦,和200ml甲苯中,并加入到反应釜中。密闭高压釜,通入一定量氢气,再抽至真空,重复三次。然后通入0.1g氢气和0.1g一氧化碳,并以2℃速度/min开始升温,将搅拌开至500r/min。待反应釜升温至85℃后,将一氧化碳、乙烯、氢气以摩尔比1:1:1.08混合后通入反应釜中,利用背压阀使釜压稳定。反应1小时后停止,将釜温降至室温。通过气体流量计计量釜中剩余气体,对收集的反应尾气和釜液进行检测分析。计算反应原料转化率和丙醛选择性。结果见表1。
表1实施例1-3
从表中数据可以看出,本发明所合成的催化剂在乙烯氢甲酰化反应中具有较好的催化效果。
本发明公开和提出的技术方案,本领域技术人员可通过借鉴本文内容,适当改变条件路线等环节实现,尽管本发明的方法和制备技术已通过较佳实施例子进行了描述,相关技术人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和技术路线进行改动或重新组合,来实现最终的制备技术。特别需要指出的是,所有相类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,他们都被视为包括在本发明精神、范围和内容中。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于乙烯氢甲酰化制备丙醛的催化剂,其特征是,催化剂为金属铑和金属钴有机骨架化合物RhxCoy-MOFs-74,以铑金属离子和钴金属离子作为其节点,有机配体作为连接体,两者相互连接自组装成具有周期性结构的配位化合物;其中:x=0.1-0.3,y=0.7-0.9;制备方法包含以下步骤:
(1)将原料六水合硝酸钴、六水合三氯化铑和有机配体2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸溶解在溶剂中,其中Co:Rh:2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸的摩尔比为7.5~1.8:1:2.8~0.9,超声0.5~1小时使其全部溶解;
(2)将上述溶解溶液加入水热合成釜中,在80℃-120℃下结晶24-36小时;
(3)将生成的固体催化剂进行过滤,得到的固体用溶剂洗去为反应的原料,然后浸泡在甲醇中,浸泡1-3天以除去晶体中残余的溶剂;
(4)过滤除去甲醇,在真空干燥箱70℃-80℃下干燥,除去催化剂孔道中吸附的甲醇,得到含有铑的金属骨架催化剂RhxCoy-MOFs-74。
2.如权利要求1的一种用于乙烯氢甲酰化制备丙醛的催化剂制备方法;其特征是包含以下步骤:
(1)将原料六水合硝酸钴、六水合三氯化铑和有机配体2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸溶解在溶剂中,其中Co:Rh:2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸的摩尔比为7.5~1.8:1:2.8~0.9,超声0.5~1小时使其全部溶解;
(2)将上述溶解溶液加入水热合成釜中,在80℃-120℃下结晶24-36小时;
(3)将生成的固体催化剂进行过滤,得到的固体用溶剂洗去为反应的原料,然后浸泡在甲醇中,浸泡1-3天以除去晶体中残余的溶剂;
(4)过滤除去甲醇,在真空干燥箱70℃-80℃下干燥,除去催化剂孔道中吸附的甲醇,得到含有铑的金属骨架催化剂RhxCoy-MOFs-74。
3.根据权利要求2所述制备方法,其特征是,所述溶剂为水、乙醇、DMF中的一种或者几种的混合溶液,混合溶液中各溶剂的重量比相等。
4.根据权利要求2所述制备方法,其特征是,所述催化剂中Rh的含量x=0.1-0.3,Co的含量y=0.7-0.9。
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