CN113421921A - 一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽igbt结构 - Google Patents

一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽igbt结构 Download PDF

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CN113421921A
CN113421921A CN202110706932.8A CN202110706932A CN113421921A CN 113421921 A CN113421921 A CN 113421921A CN 202110706932 A CN202110706932 A CN 202110706932A CN 113421921 A CN113421921 A CN 113421921A
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gate
trench
control gate
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李泽宏
赵一尚
胡汶金
曾潇
万佳利
吴玉舟
陈建鹏
于洋
张春英
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Sichuan Guangyi Microelectronic Co ltd
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽IGBT结构,属于功率半导体器件技术领域。本发明基于SGT IGBT器件的宽槽结构,在宽槽中的屏蔽栅极上层设置两个左右对称的控制栅极,同时屏蔽栅极会在两栅极之间引出,并与器件的发射极相连,从而形成空穴通路。在器件处于开态时,空穴通路被夹断使屏蔽栅极浮空,漂移区可以积累大量的载流子,从而降低器件的导通压降;在器件处于关态时,空穴通路使屏蔽栅极和金属发射极相连,实现屏蔽栅极对栅极和集电极之间的屏蔽作用,优化了器件的开关特性。

Description

一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽IGBT结构
技术领域
本发明属于功率半导体器件技术领域,具体涉及一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽IGBT结构。
背景技术
绝缘栅双极晶体管(Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors,IGBT)综合了场控器件和双极型器件的优点,其广泛应用于各种功率开关应用中,尤其是作为关键半导体器件应用于中高功率开关应用中,例如开关电源、汽车电子以及感应加热系统等高速应用。由于应用需求,IGBT一直沿着降低器件开关功耗、提高器件工作频率以及提高器件可靠性的趋势发展。在降低器件静态功耗方向,IGBT利用沟槽栅极结构取代传统的平面栅IGBT结构,消除了传统IGBT的JFET区域,极大地减小了器件的导通电阻,降低了器件的静态功耗。在器件的导通压降和关断能量损耗的折中关系的优化方面,通常采用具有场截止(Field Stop,FS)技术以及载流子存储(Carrier Store,CS)技术的IGBT器件,对比于传统IGBT器件,这两种器件能够实现导通压降与关断能量损耗的更好的折中关系,因此两种技术也被广泛应用在IGBT的设计上。
随着IGBT在开关领域的高速发展,电磁干扰噪声(ElectromagneticInterference,EMI)已经成为了影响IGBT性能主要因素之一,改善器件开关损耗以及电磁干扰噪声之间的折中关系已经成为了当前IGBT领域研究的热点。为了实现开关损耗以及电磁干扰噪声之间较好地折中,在传统槽栅IGBT器件的基础上提出了具有屏蔽栅结构的沟槽IGBT器件(Split Gate Trench IGBT,SGT IGBT)。该结构横向剖面图如图1所示,在IGBT的沟槽底部引入与发射极连接的屏蔽栅极,其中控制栅极和屏蔽栅极通过介质层实现隔离。屏蔽层一方面作为埋于体内的体内场板,对漂移区的载流子进行辅助耗尽,有效增强了器件漂移区的耗尽能力,从而优化漂移区的电场分布,提高器件的耐压能力;另一方面,由于屏蔽栅的存在,IGBT器件的栅极和集电极之间的交叠面积大大减小,因此可以有效地将栅极和集电极的极间电容屏蔽,减小器件的密勒电容,缩短器件的密勒平台时间,优化器件的开关性能;同时屏蔽栅的存在也可以有效减小SGT IGBT开启时的dV/dt,即该结构可在一定程度上抑制器件的电磁干扰噪声。但是在另一方面,SGT IGBT结构减小IGBT的电导调制效应从而导致器件的导通压降的增大,增大了器件的静态功耗。因此,亟需开发出一种能够在减小器件EMI噪声改善器件开关特性的同时能进一步减小器件的导通压降的IGBT器件结构。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术存在的问题,提供一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽IGBT结构,在可以实现较好的开关损耗和电磁干扰噪声之间的折中关系的同时进一步减小SGT IGBT的导通压降。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明实施例提供一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽IGBT结构,其元胞结构包括从下至上依次层叠设置的金属集电极1、P+集电区2、N型缓冲层3、N型漂移区4和金属发射极8;
所述N型漂移区4的顶层中具有宽槽栅极结构,所述宽槽栅极结构中具有所述氧化层12、第一控制栅极9、第二控制栅极10和屏蔽栅极11,第一控制栅极9、第二控制栅极10和屏蔽栅极11均被氧化层12包裹,所述第一控制栅极9和所述第二控制栅极10间隔且对称地位于所述宽槽栅极结构的顶层中,所述屏蔽栅极11位于所述第一控制栅极9和所述第二控制栅极10下方的所述宽槽栅极结构中,且所述屏蔽栅极11通过所述第一控制栅极9和所述第二控制栅极10之间的间隔区域延伸与金属发射极8连接,第一控制栅极9和第二控制栅极10之间的与金属发射极8相连的屏蔽栅极11构成空穴通路;
所述宽槽栅极结构两侧的所述N型漂移区4的顶层具有P型基区5,所述P型基区5的顶层具有侧面相互接触的N型重掺杂区6和P型重掺杂区7,所述N型重掺杂区6和所述金属发射极8之间设置氧化层12形成场氧。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步的,第一控制栅极9和第二控制栅极10为poly N型掺杂,屏蔽栅极11为polyP型掺杂。
进一步的,屏蔽栅极11与N型漂移区4之间的氧化层12的厚度以及N型重掺杂区6与金属发射极8之间的氧化层12的厚度厚于其他部位的氧化层12的厚度。
进一步的,其元胞结构左右对称。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明在传统屏蔽栅IGBT的基础上,提出了一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽IGBT(Split Gate with hole path Trench IGBT,SGHP TIGBT)结构,当器件处于关断状态,SGHP TIGBT结构中的空穴通路与金属发射极相连,实现了屏蔽栅极对控制栅极和集电极之间的屏蔽作用,极大地减小了器件的密勒电容,优化了器件的开关特性;当器件处于导通状态,由于栅极施加电压使得空穴通路夹断,导致屏蔽栅极浮空,此时器件的漂移区可以积累大量的载流子从而降低器件的导通压降。
附图说明
图1为传统屏蔽沟槽栅IGBT(Split gate Trench IGBT,SGT IGBT)的横向截面结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例的一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽IGBT结构(SplitGate with hole path Trench IGBT,SGHP TIGBT)的横向截面结构示意图。
附图中,各标号所代表的部件列表如下:
1为金属集电极,2为P+集电区,3为N型缓冲层,4为N型漂移区,5为P型基区,6为N型重掺杂区,7为P型重掺杂区,8为金属发射极,9为第一控制栅极,10为第二控制栅极,11为屏蔽栅极,12为氧化层。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
如图2所示,本发明第一实施例提供的一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽IGBT结构,其元胞结构包括从下至上依次层叠设置的金属集电极1、P+集电区2、N型缓冲层3、N型漂移区4和金属发射极8;
所述N型漂移区4的顶层中具有宽槽栅极结构,所述宽槽栅极结构中具有所述氧化层12、第一控制栅极9、第二控制栅极10和屏蔽栅极11,第一控制栅极9、第二控制栅极10和屏蔽栅极11均被氧化层12包裹,所述第一控制栅极9和所述第二控制栅极10间隔且对称地位于所述宽槽栅极结构的顶层中,所述屏蔽栅极11位于所述第一控制栅极9和所述第二控制栅极10下方的所述宽槽栅极结构中,且所述屏蔽栅极11通过所述第一控制栅极9和所述第二控制栅极10之间的间隔区域延伸与金属发射极8连接,第一控制栅极9和第二控制栅极10之间的与金属发射极8相连的屏蔽栅极11构成空穴通路;
所述宽槽栅极结构两侧的所述N型漂移区4的顶层具有P型基区5,所述P型基区5的顶层具有侧面相互接触的N型重掺杂区6和P型重掺杂区7,所述N型重掺杂区6和所述金属发射极8之间设置氧化层12形成场氧。
上述实施例中,本发明中的屏蔽栅极形成的空穴通路在器件开启时被夹断,使屏蔽栅极浮空,从而减小器件的导通压降;在器件关断时,作为屏蔽栅极减小控制栅极和集电极之间的交叠电容,从而优化器件的开关特性。
本发明的原理如下:类似传统的SGT IGBT结构,SGHP IGBT在宽槽中形成控制栅极和屏蔽栅极,但是SGHP IGBT结构的控制栅极会分裂为两个完全一致的栅极,其对称分布在屏蔽栅极上层,屏蔽栅极则会在两个控制栅极之间引出,且与器件的发射极相连,其中在两栅极之间的与发射极相连的屏蔽栅部分被称为空穴通路。由于控制栅极和屏蔽栅极为不同掺杂,当器件处于导通状态即控制栅极加正电压时,空穴通路被夹断,屏蔽栅极浮空,故器件的漂移区可以积累大量的载流子,从而降低器件的导通压降。器件处于关断状态时,控制栅极不加电压,此时空穴通路开启,屏蔽栅极通过空穴通路与器件的发射极连接。SGHPTIGBT在关断状态下的结构类似传统的SGT IGBT结构,屏蔽栅与金属发射极连接,屏蔽栅极一方面作为埋于体内的场板对漂移区进行辅助耗尽,优化了漂移区电场的分布,提高了器件的耐压能力。另一方面屏蔽栅极减小了控制栅极与集电极的耦合区域,有效地减小了器件的密勒电容,更好地实现了器件的开关损耗以及电磁干扰噪声之间的折中关系。
可选地,第一控制栅极9和第二控制栅极10为poly N型掺杂,屏蔽栅极11为poly P型掺杂。
可选地,屏蔽栅极11与N型漂移区4之间的氧化层12的厚度以及N型重掺杂区6与金属发射极8之间的氧化层12的厚度厚于其他部位的氧化层12的厚度。
可选地,其元胞结构左右对称。
本发明基于传统SGT IGBT结构提出了一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽IGBT结构,该结构相较于传统结构,可利用槽栅中的空穴通路在器件导通与关断时的不同状态有效地改善器件的导通压降与关断损耗之间的折中关系,实现在降低开关损耗且优化器件开关特性的基础上进一步降低器件的导通压降。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽IGBT结构,其特征在于,其元胞结构包括从下至上依次层叠设置的金属集电极(1)、P+集电区(2)、N型缓冲层(3)、N型漂移区(4)和金属发射极(8);
所述N型漂移区(4)的顶层中具有宽槽栅极结构,所述宽槽栅极结构中具有所述氧化层(12)、第一控制栅极(9)、第二控制栅极(10)和屏蔽栅极(11),第一控制栅极(9)、第二控制栅极(10)和屏蔽栅极(11)均被氧化层(12)包裹,所述第一控制栅极(9)和所述第二控制栅极(10)间隔且对称地位于所述宽槽栅极结构的顶层中,所述屏蔽栅极(11)位于所述第一控制栅极(9)和所述第二控制栅极(10)下方的所述宽槽栅极结构中,且所述屏蔽栅极(11)通过所述第一控制栅极(9)和所述第二控制栅极(10)之间的间隔区域延伸与金属发射极(8)连接,第一控制栅极(9)和第二控制栅极(10)之间的与金属发射极(8)相连的屏蔽栅极(11)构成空穴通路;
所述宽槽栅极结构两侧的所述N型漂移区(4)的顶层具有P型基区(5),所述P型基区(5)的顶层具有侧面相互接触的N型重掺杂区(6)和P型重掺杂区(7),所述N型重掺杂区(6)和所述金属发射极(8)之间设置氧化层(12)形成场氧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽IGBT结构,其特征在于,第一控制栅极(9)和第二控制栅极(10)为poly N型掺杂,屏蔽栅极(11)为poly P型掺杂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽IGBT结构,其特征在于,屏蔽栅极(11)与N型漂移区(4)之间的氧化层(12)的厚度以及N型重掺杂区(6)与金属发射极(8)之间的氧化层(12)的厚度厚于其他部位的氧化层(12)的厚度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种槽栅中具有空穴通路的屏蔽栅沟槽IGBT结构,其特征在于,其元胞结构左右对称。
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