CN113412754B - Planting method for preventing and treating open-day fruit cracking - Google Patents
Planting method for preventing and treating open-day fruit cracking Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a planting method for preventing and controlling the cracking of the bright day, which comprises the following steps: applying bud-promoting flower-strengthening fertilizer and medium trace element fertilizer at the beginning of the last three months of february; at the beginning of the last five months of april, shi Wenguo fertilizer and mineral-source fulvic acid; fertilizer is applied to July to September Shi Pengguo, and water is supplied for a small amount for many times; shi Maiqiu fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer at the beginning of the last and eighth July; the color fertilizer is applied in the last october of September, and water is supplied for a small amount for many times. The tomorrow obtained by the planting method has low fruit cracking rate, high fruit setting rate and yield, and good fruit quality and taste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cracking prevention of tomorrow, in particular to a planting method for preventing and controlling cracking of tomorrow.
Background
The citrus is a novel citrus variety cultivated by the Japanese agricultural technology center by utilizing the hybridization of the Xingjin No. 46 variety and the Chunye variety. Its fruit has the advantages of gay colour, smooth appearance, fine meat quality and high sugar content. It has been introduced and cultivated in China. However, in the growing period of fruits, fruits are easy to crack, especially in continuous drought, because the peel is thin and hard and the pulp is compact. Especially for the introduction of new species of citrus, the planting technology is still not mature, including the planting area and the area suitable for planting, especially the aspects of land topography, soil selection, fertilizer application amount control and the like, the phenomena of cracking in the open sun are easy to cause, and certain economic loss is caused for the growers, so that a method for effectively preventing and controlling the cracking in the open sun is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method for preventing and treating open-day fruit cracking, which can ensure that the open-day fruit cracking rate is low, the fruit setting rate and the yield are high, and the quality and the taste of fruits are good.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a planting method for preventing and controlling the cracking of the fruits in the open sun comprises the following steps:
s1, applying bud-promoting flower-strengthening fertilizer at the beginning of the last three months of february, wherein the bud-promoting flower-strengthening fertilizer comprises 17% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer, 17% of potash fertilizer and medium trace element fertilizer;
s2, fertilizer for Shi Wenguo at the beginning of the last five months of april, wherein the fruit stabilizing fertilizer comprises the following components: 17% of nitrogen fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer and 17% of potash fertilizer and potassium fulvate as mineral source;
s3, july to September Shi Pengguo fertilizer, wherein the fruit swelling fertilizer comprises: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, and simultaneously, a small amount of water is supplied for many times; the fertilization method comprises the following steps: burying or scattering half of the swelling fertilizer; the rest half of the swelling fruit fertilizer is added with water for flushing treatment, and the flushing treatment adopts the following steps: humic acid, bran water and a swelling fruit fertilizer;
s4, fertilizer for Shi Maiqiu at the beginning of the last eight months of July, wherein the fertilizer for burying autumn comprises: biological organic fertilizer, 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer, 26% of potash fertilizer and medium trace element fertilizer, and simultaneously, a small amount of water is supplied for many times;
s5, applying color conversion fertilizer by adopting a root application method at the beginning of the last ten months of September, wherein the color conversion fertilizer comprises the following components: water-soluble potash fertilizer, alginic acid or amino acid and monopotassium phosphate, and simultaneously, a small amount of water is supplied for many times.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. according to the planting method, reasonable and scientific fertilization management and water replenishment are carried out in reasonable and scientific planting time, so that buds are promoted, flowers are strengthened, spring tips are promoted to age as soon as possible, and fruit bases are stable; the fertilizer consumption is reduced in the fruit swelling period, water is supplied for a plurality of times, the growth vigor of the open sun is slowed down, and the supply of growth nutrient elements of the open sun is continuously supplemented, so that the cracking rate of the fruits is reduced, the consumption of potash fertilizer is properly increased, the thickness of the open sun peel is increased, the balanced development of pulp and peel is promoted, the cracking resistance of the open sun is improved, and the cracking rate of the fruits is reduced.
2. According to the invention, shi Yaoji is sprayed before flowering, and the synergistic effect of the special seaweed polysaccharide, alginic acid, highly unsaturated fatty acid and various natural plant growth regulators in alginic acid, minerals and abundant vitamins is utilized to stimulate the activity of the defense enzyme system of the open sun, so that the growth of the open sun in the bud bloom stage and the young fruit stage is regulated uniformly, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, the fruit setting rate is improved, and the drop and the cracking of fruits are reduced; and 3% alginic acid, 3% gibberellin, 2% benzyl aminopurine, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and amino acid are sprayed on young fruits, so that the hormone for promoting growth and the hormone for inhibiting growth reach a dynamic balance state, and the purposes of improving the flowers of the Ming day and preventing secondary physiological fruit drop are achieved.
3. According to the invention, the spraying agent in the young fruit stage utilizes the synergistic effect of alginic acid, gibberellin and benzylaminopurine, so that the hormone for promoting growth and the hormone for inhibiting growth reach a dynamic balance state, and the purposes of improving the flowers of the Ming day and preventing secondary physiological fruit drop are achieved; and paclobutrazol, 2-fluzamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed as regulators in the early spring tip prevention and control stage, normal growth of the early spring tip is maintained through a feed-forward and feedback regulation mechanism of gibberellin in the young fruit stage, the paclobutrazol and the fluzamide are utilized to cooperatively inhibit the growth of the early spring tip, and meanwhile, the plant growth regulator has obvious yield and income increasing effects and has no adverse effect on the quality of fruits in open days.
4. The tomorrow obtained by the planting method has low fruit cracking rate, high fruit setting rate and yield, and good fruit quality and taste.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The planting method for preventing and controlling the open-day fruits provided by the embodiment of the invention is specifically described below.
A planting method for preventing and controlling the cracking of the fruits in the open sun comprises the following steps:
s1, applying bud-promoting flower-strengthening fertilizer at the beginning of the last three months of february, wherein the bud-promoting flower-strengthening fertilizer comprises 17% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer, 17% of potash fertilizer and medium trace element fertilizer; the water solubility is good, and the absorption of fruit trees is facilitated.
S2, fertilizer for Shi Wenguo at the beginning of the last five months of april, wherein the fruit stabilizing fertilizer comprises the following components: 17% of nitrogen fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer and 17% of potash fertilizer and mineral source fulvic acid; promote spring tips to age as soon as possible, and make fruit seats stable.
S3, july to September Shi Pengguo fertilizer, wherein the fruit swelling fertilizer comprises: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, in the process of growing the expanded fruits, the occurrence of orange cracking can be reduced by increasing the application amount of the potash fertilizer and simultaneously supplying water for a small amount of times; the fertilization method comprises the following steps: burying or scattering half of the swelling fertilizer; the rest half of the swelling fruit fertilizer is added with water for flushing treatment, and the flushing treatment adopts the following steps: humic acid, bran water and a fruit swelling fertilizer. Early or late autumn tips are put according to the temperature from July to September, and primary water supply is carried out while fertilization is carried out, so that the water absorption of the naked eye is carried out, and the water content of pulp is increased; the inventor discovers that the growth vigor is more vigorous after July through years of practice, and fruits are easy to crack due to sufficient fertilizer and water; therefore, the inventor reduces the fertilizer consumption, controls a small amount of water supply for many times, slows down the growth vigor of the open day, and continuously supplements the nutrient elements for the growth of the open day, thereby reducing the cracking of the fruits and avoiding the occurrence of the cracking of the open day caused by a large amount of water supply. Meanwhile, in the stage of fruit swelling, the dosage of the potash fertilizer is properly increased, so that the thickness of the pericarp of the naked eye is increased, the crack resistance of the naked eye is improved, and the fruit cracking rate of the naked eye is reduced.
S4, fertilizer for Shi Maiqiu at the beginning of the last eight months of July, wherein the fertilizer for burying autumn comprises: the biological organic fertilizer, 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer, 26% of potash fertilizer and medium trace element fertilizer, through supplementing medium trace elements such as zinc, manganese and the like in the growing process of the naked eye, reduce the dosage of nitrogen phosphate fertilizer and increase the dosage of potash fertilizer in a proper amount at the same time, avoid the phenomenon of fruit cracking;
most importantly, the inventor reduces the fertilization dosage on the whole after July, and simultaneously takes measures of supplying water a small amount of times, so that the phenomenon of cracking fruits caused by too fast expansion of the fruits in open days is avoided.
S5, applying color conversion fertilizer by a root application method at the end of September, wherein the color conversion fertilizer comprises the following components: water-soluble potash fertilizer, alginic acid or amino acid and monopotassium phosphate, and simultaneously, a small amount of water is supplied for many times.
In the actual planting process, the physiological fruit drop phenomenon in the open sun is usually ignored, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and water are applied to stabilize young fruits, the fruit drop is inhibited, the growth stability of the open sun fruits after growing up is weakened, the fruit drop and fruit cracking phenomena of the open sun fruits in the later stage are aggravated, and the symptoms and root causes are not treated; in the embodiment, in S1, 1000-1500 times alginic acid, 1000-1500 times 15% liquid boron, 1000-1500 times 15% liquid zinc and not less than 750 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied before flowering, preferably, twice before flowering, and the special seaweed polysaccharide, alginic acid, highly unsaturated fatty acid and various natural plant growth regulators in the alginic acid, and excellent synergism between potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc and iodine, about 40 mineral substances and abundant vitamins are utilized, and meanwhile, the synergistic effect between the special seaweed polysaccharide, alginic acid, highly unsaturated fatty acid, magnesium, zinc and iodine and the liquid boron and the liquid zinc is utilized to stimulate the activity of the defence enzyme system in the open bud and the growth of the young fruit in the open bud, promote the differentiation of the flowers and buds, improve the fruit setting rate and reduce fruit drop and fruit cracking; meanwhile, the growth of the root system of the naked eye can be promoted, and the absorption and the utilization of soil nutrients and moisture are improved, so that the disease and insect damage prevention and the primary physiological fruit drop prevention are better realized, and meanwhile, the stability of the grown naked eye fruits is not influenced.
In this embodiment, before S2, young fruits are treated with a spraying agent, where the spraying agent includes: 3% of alginic acid, 3% of gibberellin, 2% of benzyl aminopurine, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and amino acid, and the fruit trees aiming at special situations can be sprayed for a plurality of times at intervals of 10-15 days, so that the hormone for promoting growth and the hormone for inhibiting growth reach a dynamic balance state, and the purposes of improving the flowers of the Ming day and preventing secondary physical fruit drops are achieved.
In this embodiment, the method further includes early spring tip prevention and control, and early spring tips sent out between the beginning of five months and the end of six months are robbed with young fruits if they grow, so that continuous fruit dropping phenomenon is caused, and therefore early spring tips need to be prevented and controlled from growing or growing before they bud; thus, the inventors have sprayed a regulator comprising: 25% of 400-fold paclobutrazol, 25% of 1000-fold flumetralin and 500-750-fold monopotassium phosphate, and the tomorrow fruit trees maintain normal growth through a feed-forward and feedback regulation mechanism of gibberellin in the young fruit stage, and the paclobutrazol and flumetralin are utilized to cooperatively inhibit early spring tip growth, and meanwhile, the paclobutrazol-flumetralin compound fruit tree also has obvious yield and income increasing effects and does not have adverse effects on the quality of tomorrow fruits.
In the embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of aging autumn tips and performing fertilizer burying treatment in the beginning of ten to eleven months; since the flower buds of autumn shoots are differentiated in 9-11 months generally, qiu Shao is aged at least 1-1.5 months in advance, and then the flower buds are differentiated, so that the premature aging is avoided, the rising buds are continued, or the autumn shoots are aged too late, and are difficult to age, the inventor sets the autumn shoot aging time to be 10-11 months old; the fertilizer burying treatment method comprises the following steps: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer, 26% of potash fertilizer, medium trace element fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer, and through the synergistic effect of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the medium trace element fertilizer and the biological organic fertilizer, especially a small amount of phosphate fertilizer and a large amount of potash fertilizer are controlled, a large amount of extraction of autumn tips is controlled, and the occurrence of fruit cracking can be effectively controlled.
In the embodiment, the planting land is selected from permeable sloping fields or paddy fields with good water permeability, which is beneficial to consolidating growth of root systems and absorption of moisture in the daily life.
In this embodiment, the planting field is subjected to winter fertilizer treatment, and the winter fertilizer comprises: biological organic fertilizer, farmyard manure, organic fertilizer and medium trace element fertilizer are treated by pre-burying winter fertilizer, is beneficial to the supply of nutrient elements in soil during the planting of the tomorrow in the coming year and is beneficial to the promotion of the germination of tomorrow and the stability of flowers after the spring.
In the embodiment, interplanting is carried out before planting the light day fruit trees, the interplanting plants are leguminous plants, and when the leguminous plants are planted, a tree plate is required to be covered and soil is required to be buried, so that the soil fertility is improved; in addition, to avoid excessive evaporation of water in the soil, especially in hot summer, ryegrass should also be planted to avoid excessive evaporation of water in the soil.
In the embodiment, the biological organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting mushroom residues, livestock and poultry blood, edible fungus waste, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus by using a biological fermentation technology; the invention fully utilizes the waste edible fungi waste and the livestock and poultry blood, simultaneously utilizes the biological fermentation technology, adopts the combined fermentation of a plurality of strains to produce a rich biological organic fertilizer.
In this embodiment, the medium trace element fertilizer includes: at least two of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, boron, manganese, molybdenum, iron, copper.
The amount of fertilizer used in the examples below was calculated as 100 jin per plant in the daily yield.
Example 1
In 2018, the random block test is adopted for the open-day planting at the eyebrow agricultural demonstration base, and 3 50m plants are selected 2 The method for planting the sloping field with good water permeability is used as a first test field for repeated tests, and comprises the following steps:
s1, at the beginning of the last three months of february, applying 1000 times alginic acid, 1000 times 15% liquid boron, 1000 times 15% liquid zinc and 800 times monopotassium phosphate before flowering; applying bud-promoting flower-strengthening fertilizer: 150 g/plant, wherein the bud-promoting and flower-strengthening fertilizer comprises 17% of nitrogen fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer and 17% of potash fertilizer; simultaneously, 200g of medium trace element fertilizer is applied;
s2, spraying a chemical agent to young fruits in middle and late April, wherein the chemical agent comprises the following components: gibberellin 3%, benzylaminopurine 2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and amino acid; at the beginning of the last five months of april, shi Wenguo fertilizer: 150 g/plant, the fruit stabilizing fertilizer comprises: 17% of nitrogen fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer and 17% of potash fertilizer; 100g of mineral source fulvic acid; spraying a regulator between the beginning of the fifth month and the end of the sixth month, wherein the regulator comprises: 25% of paclobutrazol, 25% of furalamine and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and preventing and controlling early spring tips;
s3, july to September, shi Pengguo fertilizer: 450 g/plant, the fruit swelling fertilizer comprises: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, 150 g/plant is applied per month, and water is fed a small amount of times; the fertilization method comprises the following steps: burying or scattering half of the swelling fertilizer; the rest half of the swelling fruit fertilizer is added with water for flushing treatment, and the flushing treatment adopts the following steps: humic acid 100g, bran water and a fruit swelling fertilizer.
S4, at the beginning of the last eight months of July, shi Maiqiu fertilizer 250 g/plant, medium and trace element fertilizer 200g and biological organic fertilizer 5 kg/plant, wherein the buried autumn fertilizer comprises: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, and simultaneously, a small amount of water is supplied for many times;
s5, applying 250 g/strain of color conversion fertilizer by a root application method at the end of September, wherein the color conversion fertilizer comprises the following components: water-soluble potash fertilizer, alginic acid or amino acid and monopotassium phosphate, and simultaneously, a small amount of water is supplied for many times;
s6, fertilizer burying treatment is carried out in the beginning of ten days to eleven months in October; the fertilizer burying treatment method comprises the following steps: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, medium trace element fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer.
Example 2
In 2018, the random block test is adopted for the open-day planting at the eyebrow agricultural demonstration base, and 3 plants are selected50m 2 The repeated test is carried out on the second test land of the sloping field with good water permeability, and the planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, at the beginning of the last three months of february, applying 1500 times alginic acid, 1000 times 15% liquid boron, 1500 times 15% liquid zinc and 1200 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate before flowering; applying bud-promoting flower-strengthening fertilizer: 200 g/plant, wherein the bud-promoting and flower-strengthening fertilizer comprises 17% of nitrogen fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer and 17% of potash fertilizer; simultaneously, 200g of medium trace element fertilizer is applied;
s2, spraying a chemical agent to young fruits in middle and late April, wherein the chemical agent comprises the following components: gibberellin 3%, benzylaminopurine 2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and amino acid; at the beginning of the last five months of april, shi Wenguo fertilizer: 125 g/plant and 100g of mineral source fulvic acid, wherein the fruit stabilizing fertilizer comprises: 17% of nitrogen fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer and 17% of potash fertilizer; spraying a regulator between the beginning of the fifth month and the end of the sixth month, wherein the regulator comprises: 25% of paclobutrazol, 25% of furalamine and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and preventing and controlling early spring tips;
s3, july to September, shi Pengguo fertilizer: 300 g/plant, the fruit swelling fertilizer comprises: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, 100 g/plant is applied per month, and a small amount of water is fed for many times; the fertilization method comprises the following steps: burying or scattering half of the swelling fertilizer; the rest half of the swelling fruit fertilizer is added with water for flushing treatment, and the flushing treatment adopts the following steps: humic acid 100g, bran water and a fruit swelling fertilizer.
S4, at the beginning of the last eight months of July, shi Maiqiu fertilizer 250 g/plant, medium and trace element fertilizer 200g and bio-organic fertilizer 3 kg/plant, wherein the buried autumn fertilizer comprises: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, and simultaneously, a small amount of water is supplied for many times;
s5, applying 200 g/strain of color conversion fertilizer by adopting a root application method at the end of September, wherein the color conversion fertilizer comprises the following components: water-soluble potash fertilizer, alginic acid or amino acid and monopotassium phosphate, and simultaneously, a small amount of water is supplied for many times.
S6, fertilizer burying treatment is carried out in the beginning of ten days to eleven months in October; the fertilizer burying treatment method comprises the following steps: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, medium trace element fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer.
Example 3
In 2018, the random block test is adopted for the open-day planting at the eyebrow agricultural demonstration base, and 3 50m plants are selected 2 The sloping field with good water permeability is used as a third test field for repeated tests, and the planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, applying 1200 times alginic acid, 1200 times 15% liquid boron, 1200 times 15% liquid zinc and 1000 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate before flowering at the beginning of the last three months of february; applying bud-promoting flower-strengthening fertilizer: 250 g/plant, wherein the bud-promoting and flower-strengthening fertilizer comprises 17% of nitrogen fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer and 17% of potash fertilizer; simultaneously, 200g of medium trace element fertilizer is applied;
s2, spraying a chemical agent to young fruits in middle and late April, wherein the chemical agent comprises the following components: gibberellin 3%, benzylaminopurine 2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and amino acid; at the beginning of the last five months of april, shi Wenguo fertilizer: 130 g/plant and 100g of mineral source fulvic acid, wherein the fruit stabilizing fertilizer comprises: 17% of nitrogen fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer and 17% of potash fertilizer; spraying a regulator between the beginning of the fifth month and the end of the sixth month, wherein the regulator comprises: 25% of paclobutrazol, 25% of furalamine and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and preventing and controlling early spring tips;
s3, july to September, shi Pengguo fertilizer: 405 g/plant, the fruit swelling fertilizer comprises: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, and 135 g/plant is applied per month, and water is fed a small amount of times; the fertilization method comprises the following steps: burying or scattering half of the swelling fertilizer; the rest half of the swelling fruit fertilizer is added with water for flushing treatment, and the flushing treatment adopts the following steps: humic acid 100g, bran water and a fruit swelling fertilizer.
S4, at the beginning of the last eight months of July, shi Maiqiu fertilizer 200 g/plant, medium and trace element fertilizer 200g and bio-organic fertilizer 4 kg/plant, wherein the buried autumn fertilizer comprises: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, and simultaneously, a small amount of water is supplied for many times;
s5, applying 200 g/strain of color conversion fertilizer by adopting a root application method at the end of September, wherein the color conversion fertilizer comprises the following components: water-soluble potash fertilizer, alginic acid or amino acid and monopotassium phosphate, and simultaneously, a small amount of water is supplied for many times.
S6, fertilizer burying treatment is carried out in the beginning of ten days to eleven months in October; the fertilizer burying treatment method comprises the following steps: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, medium trace element fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The clear and daily planting method of this comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the amount of fertilizer was not reduced after July and only one pour was given.
Comparative example 2
The clear and daily planting method of this comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the fruit swelling period only adopts 17% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer and 17% of potash fertilizer compound fertilizer, and fertilizer is spread once.
Comparative example 3
The clear and daily planting method of this comparative example differs from example 3 in that: only conventional NPK compound fertilizer is adopted in the primary physiological fruit dropping period and the secondary physiological fruit dropping period.
Experimental example 1
The fruit cracking rate, fruit setting rate, fruit appearance and mouthfeel of the tomorrow harvested after planting in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 growth index seen clearly
As can be seen from the data in table 1: examples 1-3 are compared to comparative examples 1-3:
1. fruit cracking rate: in particular, the cracking rate of comparative examples 2 and 1 was severe, and it was found that: comparative example 2 only adopts 17% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer and 17% of potash fertilizer compound fertilizer in the fruit swelling period, and fertilizer is spread once; comparative example 1 did not reduce the amount of fertilizer after july and was only given one pour; because the growing situation is quick, if the fertilizing proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is not adjusted or other measures are taken at the stage, the pulp is easy to grow up too fast, the growth speed of the pericarp cannot keep up with the growth speed of the pulp, and finally, the fruit is cracked; in the growing process of the puffed fruits, the fertilizer consumption is reduced (but the application proportion of the potash fertilizer is increased), and meanwhile, a small amount of water supply is controlled for many times, so that the growing vigor of the bright day is slowed down, and the supply of the growing nutrient elements of the bright day is continuously supplemented, so that the cracked fruits are reduced, and the occurrence of the serious cracking fruits of the bright day caused by a large amount of water supply is avoided; most importantly, the dosage of the potash fertilizer is properly increased in the stage of fruit swelling period, so that the thickness of the pericarp of the naked eye is increased, the crack resistance of the naked eye is improved, and the fruit cracking rate of the naked eye is reduced.
2. Fruit setting rate: in particular, the fruit setting rate of comparative example 3 was serious, and it was found that: comparative example 3 only adopts conventional nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the primary physiological fruit dropping period and the secondary physiological fruit dropping period; the invention sprays Shi Yaoji before flowering, utilizes the synergism of special seaweed polysaccharide, alginic acid, highly unsaturated fatty acid and various natural plant growth regulators in alginic acid, mineral substances and abundant vitamins to stimulate the activity of the defense enzyme system of the open-end, and balance and regulate the growth of the open-end in the bud bloom stage and the young fruit stage, promote the flower bud differentiation, improve the fruit setting rate and reduce the drop and the split fruits; and 3% alginic acid, 3% gibberellin, 2% benzyl aminopurine, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and amino acid are sprayed on young fruits, so that the hormone for promoting growth and the hormone for inhibiting growth reach a dynamic balance state, and the purposes of improving the flowers of the Ming day and preventing secondary physiological fruit drop are achieved.
3. The fruit looks and tastes: fruit moisture difference in comparative example and even solid fruit in comparative example 1, the dosage of fertilizer is not reduced after July, and only one irrigation is given, so that the absorption of absorption moisture in open days, especially the moisture supply in the later-stage open-day rapid growth stage is difficult to meet due to the higher temperature in the fruit swelling period; the invention performs a small amount of water supply for the first time in the fruit swelling period, so that the water content of the pulp is increased by absorbing water in the open day, and the fruit skin is prevented from cracking due to excessive water absorption in the open day, so that the growth speed of the fruit skin and the growth speed of the pulp are kept relatively balanced.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The planting method for preventing and controlling the cracking of the bright day is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, at the beginning of the last three months of february, applying 1000-1500 times of alginic acid, 1000-1500 times of 15% of liquid boron, 1000-1500 times of 15% of liquid zinc and not less than 750 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate before flowering; applying bud-promoting and flower-strengthening fertilizer and medium trace element fertilizer, wherein the bud-promoting and flower-strengthening fertilizer comprises 17% of nitrogen fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer and 17% of potash fertilizer;
s2, at the beginning of the last five months of April, shi Wenguo fertilizer and mineral source fulvic acid, wherein the fruit stabilizing fertilizer comprises: 17% of nitrogen fertilizer, 17% of phosphate fertilizer and 17% of potash fertilizer;
s3, july to september, shi Pengguo fertilizer, said fruit expanding fertilizer comprising: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, and simultaneously, a small amount of water is supplied for many times; the fertilization method comprises the following steps: burying or scattering half of the swelling fertilizer; the rest half of the swelling fruit fertilizer is added with water for flushing treatment, and the flushing treatment adopts the following steps: humic acid, bran water and a swelling fruit fertilizer;
s4, at the beginning of the last eight months of July, shi Maiqiu fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer, wherein the autumn fertilizer comprises the following components: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, and simultaneously, a small amount of water is supplied for many times;
s5, applying color conversion fertilizer by a root application method at the end of September, wherein the color conversion fertilizer comprises the following components: water-soluble potash fertilizer, alginic acid or amino acid and monopotassium phosphate, and simultaneously, a small amount of water is supplied for many times.
2. The planting method for preventing and controlling open-day dehiscence according to claim 1, wherein young fruits are subjected to a treatment of spraying a chemical before S2 in the middle and late forty days, the chemical comprising: gibberellin 3%, benzylaminopurine 2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and amino acid.
3. The planting method for preventing and controlling open-day dehiscence according to claim 2, further comprising early spring tip prevention and control, spraying a regulator between the beginning of the fifth month and the end of the sixth month, wherein the regulator comprises: 25% of paclobutrazol, 25% of furalamine and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
4. The planting method for preventing and controlling open-day dehiscence according to claim 3, further comprising aging autumn tips, and performing fertilizer burying treatment in the beginning of ten to eleven months; the fertilizer burying treatment method comprises the following steps: 15% of nitrogen fertilizer, 4% of phosphate fertilizer and 26% of potash fertilizer, medium trace element fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer.
5. The planting method for preventing and controlling the cracking of the open sun as set forth in claim 1, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting mushroom residues, livestock and poultry blood, edible fungus waste and bacillus subtilis by a biological fermentation technology.
6. The planting method for preventing and controlling open-day dehiscence of claim 1, wherein the medium trace element fertilizer comprises: at least two of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, boron, manganese, molybdenum, iron, copper.
7. The planting method for preventing and controlling open-day dehiscence according to claim 1, wherein the planting field is a sloping field or a paddy field with good water permeability.
8. The planting method for preventing and controlling open-day dehiscence according to claim 7, wherein the planting land is subjected to a winter fertilizer treatment before planting, the winter fertilizer comprises: biological organic fertilizer, farmyard manure, organic fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer.
9. The method for preventing and controlling cracking of the open-day fruit tree according to claim 8, wherein the intercropping work is performed before the open-day fruit tree is planted, and the intercropping plant is a leguminous plant.
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