CN114097546B - Green planting and fertilizing method for leaf vegetable crops - Google Patents
Green planting and fertilizing method for leaf vegetable crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN114097546B CN114097546B CN202010898502.6A CN202010898502A CN114097546B CN 114097546 B CN114097546 B CN 114097546B CN 202010898502 A CN202010898502 A CN 202010898502A CN 114097546 B CN114097546 B CN 114097546B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000194103 Bacillus pumilus Species 0.000 claims description 20
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 241000194105 Paenibacillus polymyxa Species 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 9
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 potassium nitrate Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000221633 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007087 Apium graveolens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015849 Apium graveolens Dulce Group Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010591 Appio Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011303 Brassica alboglabra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011302 Brassica oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000178937 Brassica oleracea var. capitata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010006956 Calcium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000300264 Spinacia oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000038559 crop plants Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002650 habitual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a green planting and fertilizing method for leaf vegetable crops, which comprises the following steps: (1) The compound microbial fertilizer and the soil conditioning microbial agent are used as base fertilizers, and are mixed or respectively and independently applied to vegetable field obstacle soil, and the soil is directly sowed or transplanted after being applied, so that the soil is kept moist; the compound microbial fertilizer is spread according to the dosage of 30-150 kg/mu stubble; the soil conditioning microbial agent is spread according to the dosage of 60-80 kg/mu stubble; (2) The compound microbial fertilizer and the compound microbial agent are applied during seedling lifting or living granule, the compound microbial fertilizer is 25-50 kg/mu stubble, and watering is needed after the application; after the compound microbial agent is mixed with water, spraying, punching or root irrigation is carried out on the leaf vegetable crops according to the dosage of 10-20 kg/mu stubble; the nutrient content in the compound microbial fertilizer is 5-30wt%. The crops produced by the method meet the green vegetable standard and have the effect of increasing yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilization of crops, in particular to a green planting fertilization method for leaf vegetable crops.
Background
The leaf vegetable crops comprise cabbage, celery, spinach, lettuce and other Chinese medicinal materials with tender leaves and stems, common head cabbage with leaf heads, chinese cabbage, onion, garlic, etc. with tender bulbs. The leaf vegetable crops absorb the nutrients and are characterized in that: (1) the three-element nutrient absorption still takes potassium as the highest, but compared with fruits and vegetables, the amount of potassium and nitrogen absorbed per 100 kg of yield is 2:1, and leaves and vegetables are close to 1:1. This is mainly due to the relatively high amount of nitrogen absorbed by leaf crops, but not due to the low potassium absorption. (2) The root system of the leaf vegetable crops is shallow in soil, belongs to shallow root crops, and has low drought resistance and waterlogging resistance. Too wet soil and too low nutrient content can seriously affect the absorption of the soil nutrient; and when the soil is drought, the crops are easy to suffer from symptoms of calcium deficiency and boron deficiency. (3) Nutrient elements in the leaf vegetable crop plants are continuously accumulated in the whole growing period, but the peak of the nutrient absorption speed is in the early period of growing. The nutrient absorption capacity of the crops in the late growth stage is relatively low, so that the nutrition of the crops in the early growth stage has a large relationship with the growth in the whole period, and plays an important role in yield and quality.
Because leaf vegetable crops have great demands on nitrogen and potassium, in actual production, farmers fertilize on the crops mainly based on nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer, and the input amount of potassium fertilizer is small. The long-term partial application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can cause unbalanced nutrient supply of vegetable soil, and is mainly characterized by increasing the effective nitrogen and phosphorus content of the soil and decreasing the effective potassium content, and secondary salinization is generated by accumulation of nitrate in the soil, so that the productivity is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The green planting and fertilizing method for the leaf vegetable crops aims at solving the technical problem that the productivity is reduced due to unbalanced soil nutrients and secondary salinization of the soil caused by long-term partial application of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer in actual production. The method can effectively improve the problems of soil nutrient imbalance and soil secondary salinization without using conventional fertilizers, and can effectively promote the yield increase of leaf vegetable crops.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the green planting and fertilizing method for leaf vegetable crops comprises the following steps:
(1) The compound microbial fertilizer and the soil conditioning microbial agent are used as base fertilizers, and are mixed or respectively and independently applied to vegetable field barrier soil, seeds of leaf vegetable crops or seedlings of the transplanted leaf vegetable crops are directly sown after the application, and the soil is kept moist after the sowing or the transplanting;
the compound microbial fertilizer is spread according to the dosage of 30-150 kg/mu stubble;
the soil conditioning microbial agent is applied according to the dosage of 60-80 kg/mu stubble;
(2) The method comprises the steps of dressing a compound microbial fertilizer and a compound microbial agent when seedling or living particles are lifted, wherein the compound microbial fertilizer is 25-50 kg/mu stubble, sprinkling, and watering is needed after sprinkling; after the compound microbial agent is mixed with water, spraying, flushing or root irrigation is carried out on the leaf vegetable crops according to the dosage of 10-20 kg/mu stubble;
the nutrient content in the compound microbial fertilizer is 5-30wt%.
Further, the compound microbial fertilizer in the base fertilizer in the step (1) is a compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 5-10wt% and a compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 20-30wt% which are scattered according to the dosage of 60-150 kg/mu stubble and 30-60 kg/mu stubble, and each stubble is applied once.
Preferably, the compound microbial fertilizer in the base fertilizer in the step (1) is a compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 8wt% and a compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 25wt%, and the compound microbial fertilizer is spread according to the dosage of 80 kg/mu stubble and 40 kg/mu stubble respectively. The compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 8wt% and the compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 25wt% are adopted for compounding, so that the green standard of vegetables can be achieved for the leaf vegetables, and the production cost is not increased. If the compound microbial fertilizer is not compounded, the compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 25 weight percent is adopted, and the compound microbial fertilizer is relatively small in dosage and convenient for farmers to apply, but the produced leaf vegetable crops do not accord with green standards; if the compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 8wt% is adopted, the application amount can be increased, so that the labor cost and the production cost of farmers are increased.
Further, the compound microbial fertilizer in the additional fertilizer in the step (2) is a compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 20wt% and is spread according to the dosage of 30-35 kg/mu stubble.
Further, the compound microbial fertilizer comprises 5 to 30 weight percent of nutrients, 0.2 to 2 weight percent of microbial powder, 1 weight percent of aspergillus oryzae powder, 0.5 to 3 weight percent of trace element sources and the balance of bentonite; the effective viable count of the compound microbial fertilizer is more than 0.5 hundred million/gram; the nutrient comprises a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source and a potassium source, wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogen source to the phosphorus source is (10-15), the phosphorus source to the potassium source is (4-6), and the mass ratio of the phosphorus source to the potassium source is (6-10). The sufficient nitrogen supply of leaf vegetable crops is particularly important, and if the nitrogen supply is insufficient, plants are short and small, leaves are small, and leaves at the base of stems are easy to wither and fall off, so that the tissues are thick and hard.
Still further, the microbial powder comprises bacillus megatherium powder.
Still further, the microbial powder also comprises bacillus mucilaginosus powder or bacillus subtilis powder.
Further, the soil conditioning microbial agent comprises humic acid and bacillus pumilus fermentation liquor; the mass ratio of the bacillus pumilus fermentation liquor to the humic acid is (8.5-9) 70; the Bacillus pumilus fermentation liquid is prepared by placing Bacillus pumilus powder in a pH value of 7.2, and containing corn starch 1g/L and yeast extract 10g/L, mgSO 4 4.9g/L of mixed aqueous solution is fermented for 10 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃, and the adding amount of the bacillus pumilus bacterial powder in the mixed aqueous solution is 0.03-0.04 wt%. The fermentation liquor after the fermentation of the bacillus pumilus can effectively lighten the secondary salinization of soil, convert nitrate nitrogen into organic nitrogen and be absorbed and utilized by crops.
Still further, the soil conditioning microbial agent also comprises Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation liquor, and the mass ratio of the Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation liquor to the humic acid is (1-1.5) 70; the Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation broth is prepared by placing Paenibacillus polymyxa bacterial powder in a pH value of 7, wherein the Paenibacillus polymyxa bacterial powder contains 44.30g/L sucrose (NH) 4 ) 2 SO 4 6.756g/L、CaCO 3 6.32g/L、MgSO 4 0.25g/L、KH 2 PO 4 Fermenting 0.22g/L, naCl 0.18.18 g/L of mixed aqueous solution at 37 ℃ for 60 hours to obtain the paenibacillus polymyxa bacterial powder, wherein the adding amount of the paenibacillus polymyxa bacterial powder in the mixed aqueous solution is 0.025-0.035 wt%. The fermentation liquor of Paenibacillus polymyxa contains various metabolites and has good control effect on soil-borne diseases of barrier soil, especially various bacterial diseases and fungi.
Further, the compound microbial agent is prepared from bacillus subtilis powder and bacillus mucilaginosus powder according to a mass ratio of 9:1; the composite microbial agent and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (5-10), and the effective viable count after water mixing is at least 5 hundred million/mL. Can help the seedling growth of leaf vegetable crops and promote the leaf vegetable to absorb nutrition.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows:
the invention changes the fertilization mode taking crop yield as the center and the mass input as the means, changes the fertilization mode into the green planting fertilization method taking the quality of leaf vegetable agricultural products as the center, the green production demand as the guide and the green leaf vegetable agricultural product production data input as the means, and the fertilization method is more accurate and more effective, and avoids the adverse effect of blind fertilization on the environment and the safety of leaf vegetable agricultural products; the invention adopts the compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 8wt% and the compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 25wt% to be compounded and used as the base fertilizer to be spread on vegetable field obstacle soil, and then is matched with the soil conditioning microbial agent to improve vegetable field secondary salinization obstacle soil, the compound microbial fertilizer is spread during topdressing, and the compound microbial agent is sprayed, punched or irrigated by water distribution during seedling lifting or living granule, thereby effectively improving the problem of soil nutrient imbalance and the problems of soil secondary salinization and soil-borne diseases, enabling leaf vegetable crops to reach the standard of green vegetables without increasing the production cost, and effectively promoting the yield increase of the leaf vegetable crops.
The compound microbial fertilizer contains a large number of beneficial microorganisms, is compounded with high-quality organic matters and is compounded with major elements and trace elements, and has the characteristics of supplementing soil nutrients, preventing nutrient imbalance, increasing the number of the beneficial microorganisms in the soil, inhibiting soil-borne diseases, improving the content of the organic matters in the soil and increasing the fertility of the soil.
The compound microbial agent can help the seedling growth of leaf vegetable crops, promote the leaf vegetable to absorb nutrition, effectively inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms through mass propagation after being applied to soil, reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and improve the micro-ecological environment of the soil.
The microecological flora of the vegetable field barrier soil can be reconstructed through the fertilizing method, the application of the conventional organic fertilizer is replaced, the pollution to underground water and agricultural products is reduced, the vegetable field soil is improved, the quality of the leaf vegetable crops is improved, meanwhile, the diseases of the leaf vegetable crops are effectively inhibited, and the yield is further improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The numerical values set forth in these examples do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Techniques, methods known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
The Bacillus megaterium powder (more than 100 hundred million/g) and Bacillus mucilaginosus powder (more than 50 hundred million/g) used in the examples below, bacillus subtilis powder (more than 800 hundred million/g) and Bacillus pumilus (more than 900 hundred million/g) were obtained from Jiang Menshi gold ocean biotechnology Co., ltd, and Aspergillus oryzae powder (more than 50 hundred million/g) were obtained from Qingdao blue organism Co., ltd, and the used oil was an organic carbon filter cake produced in the production of edible oil, specifically an organic carbon filter cake raw material of soybean oil, and the basic properties thereof were as shown in Table 1 of Chinese patent No. 201810924416.0.
Example 1
The green planting and fertilizing method for leaf vegetable crops comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of taking a compound microbial fertilizer and a soil conditioning microbial agent as base fertilizers, uniformly mixing, then applying to vegetable field obstacle soil, turning over after applying, sowing seeds of leaf vegetable crops, and keeping the soil moist after sowing;
(2) Firstly, applying a compound microbial fertilizer in the growing period of leaf vegetable crops for additional fertilizer, and watering after applying the compound microbial fertilizer; applying a composite microbial agent when seedling or living particles are lifted, and spraying, flushing or root irrigation is carried out on the leaf vegetable crops after the composite microbial agent is mixed with water;
the procedure was followed as in table 1.
Table 1 Green planting and fertilizing method of example 1
The compound microbial fertilizer used in table 1 of this example was solid, either as granules or as powder.
The composition of the compound microbial fertilizer (1) is as follows: 8wt% of nutrient (comprising urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate, the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate to the potassium nitrate is 10:6:10), 1wt% of bacillus megaterium powder, 1wt% of aspergillus oryzae powder, 1wt% of trace element source (ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and borax according to the equal mass ratio) and the balance of bentonite.
The composition of the compound microbial fertilizer (2) is as follows: 25wt% of nutrient (comprising urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate, the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate to the potassium nitrate is 10:6:10), 1wt% of bacillus megaterium powder, 1wt% of aspergillus oryzae powder, 1wt% of trace element source (ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and borax according to the equal mass ratio) and the balance of bentonite.
The composition of the compound microbial fertilizer (3) is as follows: 20wt% of nutrient (comprising urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate, the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate to the potassium nitrate is 10:6:10), 1wt% of bacillus megaterium powder, 1wt% of aspergillus oryzae powder, 1wt% of trace element source (ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and borax according to the equal mass ratio) and the balance of bentonite.
The effective viable count of the bacillus megatherium bacterial powder in the composite microbial fertilizer is more than 100 hundred million/gram; the effective viable count of the aspergillus oryzae powder is more than 50 hundred million/g. The effective viable count of the compound microorganism fertilizer is measured to be more than 1 hundred million/g.
The used (4) soil conditioning microbial agents comprise humic acid and bacillus pumilus fermentation liquor; the short lengthThe mass ratio of the bacillus pumilus fermentation liquor to the humic acid is 8.75:70; the Bacillus pumilus fermentation liquid is prepared by placing Bacillus pumilus powder in a pH value of 7.2, and containing corn starch 1g/L and yeast extract 10g/L, mgSO 4 4.9g/L of the mixed aqueous solution is fermented for 10 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ to obtain the bacillus pumilus bacterial powder, and 0.035g of the bacillus pumilus bacterial powder is added into every 100g of the mixed aqueous solution. The fermentation liquor after the fermentation of the bacillus pumilus can effectively lighten the secondary salinization of soil, convert nitrate nitrogen into organic nitrogen and be absorbed and utilized by crops.
The compound microbial agent (5) is prepared from bacillus subtilis powder and bacillus mucilaginosus powder according to the mass ratio of 9:1; the compound microbial agent and water are prepared according to a mass ratio of 1:8, and the effective viable count after water is added is at least 5 hundred million/mL.
The embodiment is mainly aimed at vegetable field obstacle soil with secondary salinization.
Example 2
The present example is identical to the fertilization method of example 1, except that:
the procedure was followed as in table 2.
Table 2 example 2 green planting and fertilizing method
The composition of the compound microbial fertilizer (1) is as follows: 5wt% of nutrient (comprising urea, monoammonium phosphate such as potassium nitrate, and the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate is 13:5:8), 1wt% of bacillus megaterium powder, 0.5wt% of bacillus mucilaginosus powder, 1wt% of aspergillus oryzae powder, 0.5wt% of trace element source (ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and borax according to the equal mass ratio) and the balance of oil soil.
The composition of the compound microbial fertilizer (2) is as follows: 30wt% of nutrient (comprising urea, monoammonium phosphate such as potassium nitrate, and the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate is 13:5:8), 1wt% of bacillus megaterium powder, 0.5wt% of bacillus mucilaginosus powder, 1wt% of aspergillus oryzae powder, 0.5wt% of trace element source (ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and borax according to the equal mass ratio) and the balance of oil soil.
The composition of the compound microbial fertilizer (3) is as follows: 20wt% of nutrient (comprising urea, monoammonium phosphate such as potassium nitrate, and the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate is 13:5:8), 1wt% of bacillus megaterium powder, 0.5wt% of bacillus mucilaginosus powder, 1wt% of aspergillus oryzae powder, 0.5wt% of trace element source (ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and borax according to the equal mass ratio) and the balance of oil soil.
The effective viable count of the bacillus megatherium bacterial powder in the composite microbial fertilizer is more than 100 hundred million/gram; the effective viable count of the aspergillus oryzae powder is more than 50 hundred million/gram; the effective viable count of the bacillus mucilaginosus bacterial powder is more than 80 hundred million/gram. The effective viable count of the compound microorganism fertilizer is measured to be more than 1.5 hundred million/g.
The soil conditioning microbial agent (4) comprises humic acid and Bacillus pumilus fermentation liquor, and also comprises Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation liquor, wherein the mass ratio of the Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation liquor to the humic acid is 1.25:70, and the Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation liquor is prepared by placing a Paenibacillus polymyxa strain in a pH value of 7 and containing 44.30g/L of sucrose (NH) 4 ) 2 SO 4 6.756g/L、CaCO 3 6.32g/L、MgSO 4 0.25g/L、KH 2 PO 4 Fermenting 0.22g/L and NaCl0.18g/L mixed water solution at 37 ℃ for 60 hours, and adding 0.03g of Paenibacillus polymyxa bacterial powder into 100g of the mixed water solution. The fermentation liquor of Paenibacillus polymyxa contains various metabolites and has good control effect on soil-borne diseases of barrier soil, especially various bacterial diseases and fungi.
The compound microbial agent (5) is prepared from bacillus subtilis powder and bacillus mucilaginosus powder according to the mass ratio of 9:1; the compound microbial agent and water are prepared according to a mass ratio of 1:5, and the effective viable count after water is added is at least 5 hundred million/mL.
The embodiment is mainly aimed at vegetable field barrier soil with secondary salinization problem and soil-borne diseases.
Example 3
The present example is identical to the fertilization method of example 1, except that:
the procedure was as in table 3.
TABLE 3 Green planting and fertilizing method of example 3
The composition of the compound microbial fertilizer (1) is as follows: 10wt% of nutrient (comprising urea, monoammonium phosphate such as potassium nitrate, the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate is 15:4:6), 1wt% of bacillus megaterium powder, 0.05wt% of bacillus subtilis powder, 1wt% of aspergillus oryzae powder, 1.5wt% of trace element source (ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and borax according to the equal mass ratio) and the balance of oil soil.
The composition of the compound microbial fertilizer (2) is as follows: 20wt% of nutrient (comprising urea, monoammonium phosphate such as potassium nitrate, the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate is 15:4:6), 1wt% of bacillus megaterium powder, 0.05wt% of bacillus subtilis powder, 1wt% of aspergillus oryzae powder, 1.5wt% of trace element source (ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and borax according to the equal mass ratio) and the balance of oil soil.
The composition of the compound microbial fertilizer (3) is as follows: 20wt% of nutrient (comprising urea, monoammonium phosphate such as potassium nitrate, the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate is 15:4:6), 1wt% of bacillus megaterium powder, 0.05wt% of bacillus subtilis powder, 1wt% of aspergillus oryzae powder, 1.5wt% of trace element source (ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and borax according to the equal mass ratio) and the balance of oil soil.
The effective viable count of the bacillus megatherium bacterial powder in the composite microbial fertilizer is more than 100 hundred million/gram; the effective viable count of the aspergillus oryzae powder is more than 50 hundred million/gram; the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis powder is more than 1000 hundred million/gram. The effective viable count of the compound microorganism fertilizer is measured to be more than 1.5 hundred million/g.
The (4) soil conditioning microbial agent used was the same as in example 1.
The compound microbial agent (5) is prepared from bacillus subtilis powder and bacillus mucilaginosus powder according to the mass ratio of 9:1; the compound microbial agent and water are prepared according to a mass ratio of 1:10, and the effective viable count after water is added is at least 5 hundred million/mL.
The embodiment is mainly aimed at vegetable field obstacle soil with secondary salinization.
In the above examples, (4) the soil conditioning microbial agent is not applied if it is not for barrier soil but for conventional soil.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is identical to the fertilization method of example 1, except that: the base fertilizer is all (1) compound microbial fertilizer (8 wt% of nutrient content) and the dosage is 180 kg/mu stubble.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is identical to the fertilization method of example 1, except that: the base fertilizer is all (2) compound microbial fertilizer (25 wt% of nutrient content) and the dosage is 80 kg/mu stubble.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is identical to the fertilization method of example 1, except that: the compound microbial fertilizer (20 wt% of nutrient content) is not applied (3) after topdressing.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example is identical to the fertilization method of example 1, except that: the compound microbial agent is not applied (5) after topdressing.
Example 4
Field test of pakchoi
Test crop: rape seed; variety: shanghai green; test site: shanghai Fuxi vegetable and fruit professional Cooperation (Fuxi for short).
The fertilizer applications used in the test were (1) the compound microbial fertilizer (8 wt% of nutrient content), (2) the compound microbial fertilizer (25 wt% of nutrient content), (3) the compound microbial fertilizer (20 wt% of nutrient content), (4) the soil conditioning microbial agent, and (5) the compound microbial agent, which were prepared in examples 1 to 3, respectively, all of which were prepared by Shanghai green Biotechnology Co.
Eight treatments are set in the test, four times of repetition are carried out, the planting density is 5000 plants/mu, the random granules are arranged, and the cell areas are all 30m 2 。
Eight tests were set up at each site, each test being as follows:
test T1: the fertilization procedure is as in table 1 of example 1;
test T2: the fertilization procedure is as in example 2, table 2;
test T3: the fertilization procedure of example 3, table 3;
test T4: the fertilization method according to comparative example 1;
test T5: the fertilization method according to comparative example 2;
test T6: the fertilization method according to comparative example 3;
test T7: the fertilization procedure of comparative example 4 was followed.
Test T8: conventionally fertilizing and applying according to local habit.
Habitual fertilization: 15-15-15 kg of base fertilizer, 30kg of compound fertilizer per mu and 15-20kg of urea.
The basic agronomic traits of the test soil are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 basic agronomic traits of test soil
The results of the above eight tests on the agronomic traits of the cabbages are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 Effect of different experiments on agronomic traits of Brassica napus
| Test | Plant height/cm | Number of leaves/sheet | Individual weight/g |
| T 1 | 18.5 | 6.8 | 36.6 |
| T 2 | 18.2 | 6.3 | 35.1 |
| T 3 | 18.1 | 6.5 | 36.2 |
| T 4 | 18.3 | 6.4 | 35.9 |
| T 5 | 17.3 | 5.7 | 34.0 |
| T 6 | 16.8 | 5.6 | 28.2 |
| T 7 | 16.4 | 5.1 | 27.7 |
| T 8 | 18.0 | 6.2 | 29.8 |
The results of the above eight tests on the yield of chinese cabbage are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 Effect of different experiments on cell yield of Brassica oleracea
As can be seen from tables 5 and 6, comparing T1, T2, T3 and T8, the fertilization methods in examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention are used to fertilize and plant the cabbages, and no additional chemical fertilizer is required to be added, so that the agronomic characteristics of the cabbages are much better than those of the cabbages fertilized conventionally; compared with T8, the average yield of T1, T2, T3 and T8 is increased by more than 13.5%, and all the average yields meet the green vegetable standards.
Comparing T1 with T4 and T5, it is known that the base fertilizer in T4 is a (1) compound microbial fertilizer with 8wt% of nutrient content according to the total usage, and the yield of the finally obtained cabbages can reach the standard of green vegetables, compared with the yield of the T8 ratio of conventional fertilization, the yield is equivalent to that of the method of the invention, but the application amount of the (1) compound microbial fertilizer with 8wt% of nutrient content and 25wt% of nutrient content in T1 is increased more, so that the labor cost and the production cost of farmers can be increased; compared with the compound microbial fertilizer (1) compounded in T1, the compound microbial fertilizer (1) with the nutrient content of 25 weight percent is adopted in T5, the agronomic characters of the cabbages are poor in the method, the yield is slightly lower than that of the method although the yield is increased, and the produced cabbages do not meet the green vegetable standard.
Comparing T1 with T6 and T7, it is known that the additional fertilizer in T6 is not applied with (3) compound microbial fertilizer (20 wt% of nutrient content), and the additional fertilizer in T7 is not applied with (5) compound microbial inoculant, although the produced cabbages meet the green vegetable standard, the agronomic characters of the cabbages are inferior to those of the T1, and the production is slightly reduced.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The green planting and fertilizing method for the leaf vegetable crops is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The compound microbial fertilizer and the soil conditioning microbial agent are used as base fertilizers, and are mixed or respectively and independently applied to vegetable field barrier soil, seeds of leaf vegetable crops or seedlings of the transplanted leaf vegetable crops are directly sown after the application, and the soil is kept moist after the sowing or the transplanting; the leaf vegetable crop is cabbage;
the compound microbial fertilizer is applied according to the dosage of 120 kg/mu stubble in the base fertilizer, wherein the compound microbial fertilizer is a compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 8wt% and a compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 25wt% are applied according to the dosage of 80 kg/mu stubble and 40 kg/mu stubble, and each stubble is applied once;
the soil conditioning microbial agent is sprayed according to the dosage of 70 kg/mu stubble, and consists of humic acid and bacillus pumilus fermentation liquor, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus pumilus fermentation liquor to the humic acid is 8.75:70;
(2) The method comprises the steps of firstly, applying a compound microbial fertilizer in the growing period of leaf vegetable crops for topdressing, wherein the compound microbial fertilizer with the nutrient content of 20wt% is applied according to the dosage of 35 kg/mu stubble, and then watering is needed;
the method comprises the steps of (1) applying a composite microbial agent when seedling or living particles are lifted, wherein the composite microbial agent is prepared from bacillus subtilis powder and bacillus mucilaginosus powder according to a mass ratio of 9:1, the water-free dosage of the composite microbial agent is 15 kg/mu stubble, the composite microbial agent and water are prepared according to a mass ratio of 1:8, the effective viable count after water addition is at least 5 hundred million/mL, and the leaf vegetable crops are sprayed, punched or root irrigated after water addition;
the composite microbial fertilizer comprises the following components: 8wt%, 20wt% or 25wt% of nutrients, 1wt% of bacillus megatherium powder, 1wt% of aspergillus oryzae powder, 1wt% of trace element source and the balance of oil soil; the effective viable count of the compound microbial fertilizer is more than 0.5 hundred million/gram; the nutrient comprises urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate, and the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate to the potassium nitrate is 10:6:10.
2. The green planting and fertilizing method for leaf vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the bacillus pumilus fermentation liquid is prepared by placing bacillus pumilus powder in a solution with an initial pH value of 7.2 and containing 1g/L corn starch and 10g/L, mgSO of yeast extract 4 4.9g/L of mixed aqueous solution is fermented for 10 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃, and the adding amount of the bacillus pumilus bacterial powder in the mixed aqueous solution is 0.03-0.04 wt%.
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| CN100999667A (en) * | 2007-01-09 | 2007-07-18 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Vegetable field soil improving agent and its preparation process and application |
| CN107513509A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-26 | 郑长明 | A kind of method of improved soil saline alkali |
| CN108887122A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-27 | 上海环垦生态科技股份有限公司 | Notoginseng planting method |
| CN110036839A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-07-23 | 上海诺同农业科技有限公司 | A kind of control method of tomato verticillium wilt |
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