CN113385213A - 一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,具体包括如下过程:步骤1,制备BN纳米短纤维;步骤2,基于步骤1所得产物制备BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体;步骤3,对步骤2所得产物进行多气氛分步煅烧,得到BN/BNBT压电纤维膜;步骤4,基于步骤3所得产物制备BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜;步骤5,对步骤4所得产物进行二次煅烧处理,即得。本发明解决了现有的光催化材料中存在的吸附性能较差、载流子复合效率高的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合纳米纤维制备技术领域,涉及一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法。
背景技术
目前,大多数光催化材料由于吸附性能较差,光生载流子复合率高等不足,导致光催化效率不高,通过各种途径提高材料的吸附性能以及降低载流子复合率,以改善其光催化性能成为研究的热点,因此,亟需制备出一种高吸附的压电光催化复合纤维材料解决上述问题。
在这些研究当中,钛酸铋钠-钛酸钡(BNBT)作为一种A位复合的钙钛矿结构的无机非金属半导体材料,由于无铅、稳定且较高的压电性能等优点,被运用在压电催化领域中。贵金属等离子体光催化剂银(Ag)作为一种特殊的光催化剂,可拓宽光响应范围,提高光利用率。将贵金属Ag与BNBT复合通过引入的外电场以及金属-半导体接触区所形成的肖特基势垒,可提高载流子的分离;目前,氮化硼(BN)材料由于具有良好的吸附性能和光催化性能而被广泛应用,为了进一步增强其吸附性能,通过改变材料的微观形貌从而优化材料的性能是最直接且有效的途径,而具有较小的纤维直径和长径比的BN纳米纤维可以通过增大比表面积,提高材料的吸附性能和光催化效率。
中国专利《一种具有光催化功能的吸附型复合纳米纤维膜及制备方法》(申请号:CN201910924881.9,公告日:2020.01.07)公开了一种具有光催化功能的吸附型复合纳米纤维膜及制备方法,通过将光催化剂和吸附材料结合,利用静电纺丝工艺和热压处理制备出一种兼有吸附和光催化的性能的纳米纤维膜,该纳米复合纤维膜材料具有较大的比表面积和孔隙率,但是光生载流子复合率较高,降低了光催化效率。
中国专利《一种兼具光催化/抗菌功能的复合纳米纤维过滤材料及其制备方法》(申请号:CN201710706839.0,公告日:2017.12.22,授权日:2020.05.26)公开了一种兼具光催化/抗菌功能的复合纳米纤维过滤材料及其制备方法,通过将光催化剂和抗菌剂结合,利用静电纺丝技术和表面微溶处理获得一种兼具光催化/抗菌功能的复合纳米纤维过滤材料。但是单纯的光催化材料存在载流子复合率高,并且吸附性能较差,降低了光催化效率。
中国专利《一种制备可漂浮多孔BaTiO3/Ag/PVDF复合压电光催化材料的方法》(申请号:CN202011301373.4,公告日:2017.12.22,授权日:2020.05.26)公开了一种制备可漂浮多孔BaTiO3/Ag/PVDF复合压电光催化材料的方法,通过将BaTiO3/Ag纳米颗粒和PVDF复合,结合固相分离法制备出可漂浮多孔BaTiO3/Ag/PVDF复合压电光催化材料,但是包覆在内部的光催化剂对光的利用率较低,并且也没有一定的吸附性能,降低了光催化效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,解决了现有的光催化材料中存在的吸附性能较差、载流子复合效率高的问题。
本发明所采用的技术方案是,一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,具体包括如下过程:
步骤1,制备BN纳米短纤维;
步骤2,基于步骤1所得产物制备BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体;
步骤3,对步骤2所得产物进行多气氛分步煅烧,得到BN/BNBT压电纤维膜;
步骤4,基于步骤3所得产物制备BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜;
步骤5,对步骤4所得产物进行二次煅烧处理,即得。
本发明的特点还在于:
步骤1的具体过程为:
步骤1.1,将BN前驱体与溶剂1进行混合,得混合液A,将混合液A搅拌均匀并进行水浴加热,然后对混合液A超声破碎处理,冷却并干燥后得到BN前驱体纤维;
步骤1.2,对步骤1.1所得的BN前驱体纤维进行煅烧处理后得到BN纤维;
步骤1.3,将BN纤维与溶剂2进行混合,使BN纤维分散后得混合液B,对混合液B进行二次超声破碎处理,过滤并干燥后即获得BN纳米短纤维。
步骤1.1中:BN前驱体的质量百分比为1%~3%,溶剂1的质量百分比为97%~99%,以上组分质量百分比总和为100%;其中BN前驱体为三聚氰胺和硼酸,三聚氰胺和硼酸按照摩尔比为1:2混合,溶剂1为蒸馏水或去离子水;
水浴温度为80℃~95℃,水浴时间为4~5h;
超声功率为100~300W,超声时间为1~2h,干燥温度为75~90℃。
步骤1.2中:煅烧气氛为氮气,煅烧温度为1100~1500℃,升温速率5℃/min,煅烧时间为4~8h。
步骤1.3中,所述溶剂2为异丙醇,二次超声功率为100~300W,超声时间为24~48h,干燥温度为70~90℃,干燥时间为4~6h;
BN纳米短纤维的纤维直径为80~110nm,长径比为3~5。
步骤2的具体过程为:
将BNBT陶瓷前驱体、溶剂、可纺聚合物及步骤1制备的BN纳米短纤维混合搅拌形成均匀的前驱体溶液置入推进泵中,调节静电纺丝工艺参数获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体。
步骤2中:
前驱体溶液按质量百分比由以下物质组成:BN纳米短纤维1.5%~3%、陶瓷前驱体12%~20%、可纺聚合物5%~8%、溶剂69%~81.5%,以上组分总和为100%;
静电纺丝工艺参数为:纺丝电压为18~22kv,接收距离为15~20cm,纺丝温度在20~30℃,湿度在10%~30%,纺丝液推进速度为0.2~0.5mL/h,纺丝时间为2~4h。
步骤3的具体过程为:
将步骤2得到的BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体先后置于煅烧气氛1和煅烧气氛2当中,调节煅烧工艺参数进行分步煅烧处理,获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜;
其中,煅烧气氛1为空气,煅烧温度为200~300℃,升温速率0.5℃/min,煅烧时间为2~4h;
煅烧气氛2为氩气,煅烧温度为650~750℃,升温速率0.5℃/min,煅烧时间为2~4h。
步骤4的具体过程为:
将步骤3得到的BN/BNBT压电纤维膜在黑暗中完全浸泡于硝酸银溶液中,调节紫外光照参数对BN/BNBT压电纤维膜正反两面进行同样的紫外光照处理,清洗并干燥后获得BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜;
步骤4中,硝酸银溶液按照银占硝酸银溶液的质量百分比为0.5wt%~2.5wt%配制,浸泡时间为0.5~1h,紫外照射功率为300~500W,照射时间为0.5~1h,清洗溶剂为去离子水和酒精,干燥温度为50~70℃,干燥时间为6~10h。
步骤5的具体过程为:
将步骤4制备的BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜置于混合气氛中进行二次煅烧处理后,冷却至室温,压电光催化复合纤维材料;
其中,混合气氛为95~97%的N2和3~5%的H2,煅烧温度为300~500℃,升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧时间2~4h。
本发明的有益效果是,本发明提供的一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料及其制备方法,能够得到一种吸附性强、载流子复合率低的压电光催化复合纤维材料。具有较小纤维直径和长径比的BN纳米短纤维能够提高材料的吸附性能;多气氛分步煅烧增加了BN/BNBT复合纳米纤维的氧空位,进一步提升了材料的吸附性能和光催化性能,利用压电材料BNBT的内置电场,降低了载流子复合率;有效且均匀负载在BN/BNBT纤维膜的正反表面的银单质,提高了光催化效率;混合气氛下的二次煅烧促进了少量的杂质氧化银转化为银,也进一步提高了BN/BNBT/Ag复合材料间的结合力。本发明获得的一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料在污水处理、抗菌防护、光分解水制氢等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法制备的BN/BNBT/Ag吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料示意图。
图中,1.压电型BNBT纳米纤维,2.纳米银颗粒,3.吸附型BN纳米短纤维。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,具体按以下步骤实施:
步骤1,超声破碎制备BN纳米短纤维;
将摩尔比为1:2的三聚氰胺(C3N6H6)和硼酸(H3BO3)溶于蒸馏水或去离子水(溶剂)中混合成均匀的前驱体溶液。其中前驱体溶液按质量百分比由以下物质组成:BN前驱体为1%~3%,溶剂为97%~99%,以上组分总和为100%。
将前驱体溶液在80~95℃下水浴加热搅拌4~5h至溶液变成透明状态后,将细胞粉碎机的超声探头伸入溶液中,调节超声功率为100~300W;超声频率为40KHz进行超声1~2h;在室温下自然冷却后置于75~90℃烘箱中干燥4~6h;然后将其置于管式炉中,在氮气气氛下选择烧结温度为1100~1500℃;升温速率5℃/min;烧结时间为4~8h进行煅烧处理,得到白色BN纤维;其次将得到的白色BN纤维加入到异丙醇当中形成混合液,然后将混合液置于细胞粉碎机的超声探头中在超声功率为100~300W,超声频率为40KHz下超声24~48h,然后过滤,在70~90℃烘箱中干燥4~6h,即得到直径为80~110nm、长径比为3~5的BN纳米短纤维。
步骤2,静电纺压电纤维膜前驱体;
将步骤1制备的BN纳米短纤维、BNBT陶瓷前驱体、溶剂、可纺聚合物混合搅拌形成均匀的前驱体溶液。其中前驱体溶液按质量百分比由以下物质组成:BN纳米短纤维1.5%~3%,陶瓷前驱体为12%~20%,可纺聚合物为5%~8%,溶剂为69%~81.5%,以上组分总和为100%。其中陶瓷前驱体为钡盐(如乙酸钡、硝酸钡等)、钠盐(如乙酸钠、硝酸钠等)、钛盐(如钛酸丁酯、钛酸异丙酯、四氯化钛、异丙醇钛等)、铋盐(如乙酸铋、硝酸铋等)等中的两种或多种组合而成;可纺聚合物为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)等中的任意一种;溶剂为乙酸、乙酰丙酮、乙醇、乙二醇甲醚、去离子水等中的任意一种或多种。
将前驱体溶液置入推进泵中,调节纺丝电压为18~22kv,接收距离为15~20cm,纺丝温度在20~30℃,湿度在10~30%,纺丝液推进速度为0.2~0.5mL/h,纺丝时间为2~4h。获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体。
步骤3,多气氛分步煅烧,制备BN/BNBT压电纤维膜;
将步骤2得到的BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体先置于空气中在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为200~300℃下煅烧2~4h;然后将其置于氩气气氛中在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为650~750℃下煅烧2~4h,获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜。
步骤4,原位反应制备BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜;
将步骤3得到的纯BN/BNBT压电纤维膜在黑暗中将其完全浸泡于银占硝酸银溶液的质量百分比为0.5wt%~2.5wt%的硝酸银溶液当中0.5~1h,然后在300~500W紫外照射功率下照射0.5~1h,对其正反两面进行同样的紫外照射处理,最后选用去离子水和酒精对复合薄膜表面清洗,再在50~70℃下干燥6~10h,获得BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜。
步骤5,二次煅烧处理;
将步骤4制备的BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜置于95~97%的N2和3~5%的H2的混合气氛中,在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为300~500℃下进行二次煅烧2~4h后,冷却至室温,最终得到一种吸附性强、载流子复合率低的压电光催化复合纤维材料。
本发明通过调控BN前驱体溶液质量百分比、超声参数来制备较小纤维直径和长径比的BN纳米短纤维,利用具有较大比表面积的BN短纤维提高材料的吸附性能;通过调控静电纺丝参数来制备直径小、孔隙率高,纤维均一性好的BN/BNBT纳米纤维,利用引入压电材料BNBT的内置电场,降低光生载流子的复合率,提升光催化性能;利用多气氛分步煅烧,先在空气中煅烧让聚合物分解以及金属氢氧化物去羟基化,然后在惰性气氛下煅烧,增加BN/BNBT复合纳米纤维的氧空位,促进催化剂吸附氧的能力,提升其吸附性能。吸附氧在光催化反应中是活性氧种,可有效阻止电子-空穴的复合,并能产生高活性物质羟基自由基·OH加速光催化氧化反应,提升光催化性能;通过调控硝酸银溶液浓度以及紫外照射参数,获得银颗粒尺寸为5~20nm且有效并均匀负载在BN/BNBT纤维表面的BN/BNBT/Ag复合纳米纤维,进而提高光催化效率;通过在混合气氛下对BN/BNBT/Ag复合纳米纤维进行二次煅烧,促进了少量的杂质氧化银转化为银,通过提高等离子体光催化剂银的含量来提高光生电子和空穴的产生,进而提高光催化效率,同时二次煅烧也提高了BN/BNBT/Ag复合材料间的结合力。
实施例1
将7.56g三聚氰胺(C3N6H6)和7.42g硼酸(H3BO3)分别溶于500mL蒸馏水中混合成均匀的前驱体溶液。将前驱体溶液在95℃下水浴加热搅拌4h至溶液变成透明状态后,将细胞粉碎机的超声探头伸入溶液中,调节超声功率为100W,超声频率为40KHz进行超声2h,在室温下自然冷却后置于90℃烘箱中干燥4h,然后将其置于管式炉中,在氮气气氛下选择烧结温度为1100℃,升温速率5℃/min,烧结时间为8h进行煅烧处理,得到白色BN纤维;其次将得到的白色BN纤维加入到异丙醇当中形成混合液,然后将混合液置于细胞粉碎机的超声探头中在超声功率为100W,超声频率为40KHz下超声48h,最后过滤,在90℃烘箱中干燥4h,即得到直径~110nm、长径比~3的BN纳米短纤维。
将0.2g BN纳米短纤维、0.06g乙酸钡、0.127g乙酸钠、0.627g乙酸铋、1.133g钛酸丁酯、0.694g PVP溶解于6.30g乙酸、4.734g乙醇当中混合搅拌形成均匀的前驱体溶液。将前驱体溶液置入推进泵中,调节纺丝电压为18kv,接收距离为15cm,纺丝温度在20℃,湿度在30%,纺丝液推进速度为0.5mL/h,纺丝时间为2h。获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体。
将得到的BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体先置于空气中在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为300℃下煅烧2h,然后将其置于氩气气氛中在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为750℃下煅烧2h,获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜。
将得到的纯BN/BNBT压电陶瓷纤维膜在黑暗中将其完全浸泡于银占硝酸银溶液的质量百分比为0.5wt%的硝酸银溶液当中0.5h,然后在300W紫外照射功率下照射1h,对其正反两面进行同样的紫外照射处理,最后选用去离子水和酒精对复合薄膜表面清洗,再在50℃下干燥10h,最终获得BN/BNBT/Ag吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料。
将得到的BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜置于96%的N2和4%的H2的混合气氛中,在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为300℃下进行二次煅烧4h后,冷却至室温,得到结合力增强的BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维材料。
实施例2
将5.154g三聚氰胺(C3N6H6)和5.051g硼酸(H3BO3)分别溶于500mL蒸馏水中混合成均匀的前驱体溶液。将前驱体溶液在90℃下水浴加热搅拌4h至溶液变成透明状态后,将细胞粉碎机的超声探头伸入溶液中,调节超声功率为100W,超声频率为40KHz进行超声2h,在室温下自然冷却后置于85℃烘箱中干燥4h,然后将其置于管式炉中,在氮气气氛下选择烧结温度为1200℃,升温速率5℃/min;烧结时间为7h进行煅烧处理,得到白色BN纤维;其次将得到的白色BN纤维加入到异丙醇当中形成混合液,然后将混合液置于细胞粉碎机的超声探头中在超声功率为100W,超声频率为40KHz下超声48h,最后过滤,在85℃烘箱中干燥4.5h,即得到直径~100nm、长径比~3的BN纳米短纤维。
将0.3g BN纳米短纤维、0.06g乙酸钡、0.127g乙酸钠、0.627g乙酸铋、1.133g钛酸丁酯、0.690g PVP溶解于4.20g乙酸、1.94g乙二醇甲醚、4.734g乙醇当中混合搅拌形成均匀的前驱体溶液。将前驱体溶液置入推进泵中,调节纺丝电压为18kv,接收距离为16cm,纺丝温度在20℃,湿度在30%,纺丝液推进速度为0.4mL/h,纺丝时间为2.5h。获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体。
将得到的BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体先置于空气中在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为300℃下煅烧2h,然后将其置于氩气气氛中在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为750℃下煅烧2h,获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜。
将得到的纯BN/BNBT压电陶瓷纤维膜在黑暗中将其完全浸泡于银占硝酸银溶液的质量百分比为1wt%的硝酸银溶液当中0.5h,然后在300W紫外照射功率下照射1h,对其正反两面进行同样的紫外照射处理,最后选用去离子水和酒精对复合薄膜表面清洗,再在55℃下干燥9h,最终获得BN/BNBT/Ag吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料。
将得到的BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜置于96%的N2和4%的H2的混合气氛中,在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为350℃下进行二次煅烧3.5h后,冷却至室温,得到结合力增强的BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维材料。
实施例3
将2.551g三聚氰胺(C3N6H6)和2.5g硼酸(H3BO3)分别溶于500mL去离子水中混合成均匀的前驱体溶液。将前驱体溶液在85℃下水浴加热搅拌4.5h至溶液变成透明状态后,将细胞粉碎机的超声探头伸入溶液中,调节超声功率为200W,超声频率为40KHz进行超声1.5h,在室温下自然冷却后置于80℃烘箱中干燥5h,然后将其置于管式炉中,在氮气气氛下选择烧结温度为1300℃,升温速率5℃/min;烧结时间为6h进行煅烧处理,得到白色BN纤维;其次将得到的白色BN纤维加入到异丙醇当中形成混合液,然后将混合液置于细胞粉碎机的超声探头中在超声功率为200W,超声频率为40KHz下超声48h,最后过滤,在80℃烘箱中干燥5h,即得到直径~90nm、长径比~4的BN纳米短纤维。
将0.4g BN纳米短纤维、0.06g乙酸钡、0.127g乙酸钠、0.627g乙酸铋、1.133g钛酸丁酯、0.799g PVP溶解于4.20g乙酸、1.94g乙二醇甲醚、1.951g乙酰丙酮、4.734g乙醇当中混合搅拌形成均匀的前驱体溶液。将前驱体溶液置入推进泵中,调节纺丝电压为20kv,接收距离为16cm,纺丝温度在25℃,湿度在20%,纺丝液推进速度为0.3mL/h,纺丝时间为3h。获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体。
将得到的BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体先置于空气中在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为250℃下煅烧3h,然后将其置于氩气气氛中在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为700℃下煅烧3h,获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜。
将得到的纯BN/BNBT压电陶瓷纤维膜在黑暗中将其完全浸泡于银占硝酸银溶液的质量百分比为1.5wt%的硝酸银溶液当中0.8h,然后在400W紫外照射功率下照射0.8h,对其正反两面进行同样的紫外照射处理,最后选用去离子水和酒精对复合薄膜表面清洗,再在60℃下干燥8h,最终获得BN/BNBT/Ag吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料。
将得到的BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜置于96%的N2和4%的H2的混合气氛中,在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为400℃下进行二次煅烧3h后,冷却至室温,得到结合力增强的BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维材料。
实施例4
将5.154g三聚氰胺(C3N6H6)和5.051g硼酸(H3BO3)分别溶于500mL蒸馏水中混合成均匀的前驱体溶液。将前驱体溶液在85℃下水浴加热搅拌4.5h至溶液变成透明状态后,将细胞粉碎机的超声探头伸入溶液中,调节超声功率为200W,超声频率为40KHz进行超声1.5h,在室温下自然冷却后置于80℃烘箱中干燥5h,然后将其置于管式炉中,在氮气气氛下选择烧结温度为1400℃,升温速率5℃/min;烧结时间为5h进行煅烧处理,得到白色BN纤维;其次将得到的白色BN纤维加入到异丙醇当中形成混合液,然后将混合液置于细胞粉碎机的超声探头中在超声功率为200W,超声频率为40KHz下超声36h,最后过滤,在75℃烘箱中干燥5.5h,即得到直径~90nm、长径比~4的BN纳米短纤维。
将0.3g BN纳米短纤维、0.132g硝酸钠、0.061g硝酸钡、0.643g硝酸铋、1.133g钛酸丁酯、1.03g PVA溶解于2.0g去离子水、4.20g乙酸、1.951g乙酰丙酮、4.734g乙醇当中混合搅拌形成均匀的前驱体溶液。将前驱体溶液置入推进泵中,调节纺丝电压为20kv,接收距离为18cm,纺丝温度在25℃,湿度在20%,纺丝液推进速度为0.3mL/h,纺丝时间为3.5h。获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体。
将得到的BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体先置于空气中在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为250℃下煅烧3h,然后将其置于氩气气氛中在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为700℃下煅烧3h,获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜。
将得到的纯BN/BNBT压电陶瓷纤维膜在黑暗中将其完全浸泡于银占硝酸银溶液的质量百分比为2wt%的硝酸银溶液当中0.8h,然后在400W紫外照射功率下照射0.8h,对其正反两面进行同样的紫外照射处理,最后选用去离子水和酒精对复合薄膜表面清洗,再在65℃下干燥7h,最终获得BN/BNBT/Ag吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料。
将得到的BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜置于96%的N2和4%的H2的混合气氛中,在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为450℃下进行二次煅烧2.5h后,冷却至室温,得到结合力增强的BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维材料。
实施例5
将2.551g三聚氰胺(C3N6H6)和2.5g硼酸(H3BO3)分别溶于500mL去离子水中混合成均匀的前驱体溶液。将前驱体溶液在80℃下水浴加热搅拌5h至溶液变成透明状态后,将细胞粉碎机的超声探头伸入溶液中,调节超声功率为300W,超声频率为40KHz进行超声1h;在室温下自然冷却后置于75℃烘箱中干燥6h,然后将其置于管式炉中,在氮气气氛下选择烧结温度为1500℃,升温速率5℃/min;烧结时间为4h进行煅烧处理,得到白色BN纤维;其次将得到的白色BN纤维加入到异丙醇当中形成混合液,然后将混合液置于细胞粉碎机的超声探头中在超声功率为300W,超声频率为40KHz下超声24h,最后过滤,在70℃烘箱中干燥6h,即得到直径~80nm、长径比~5的BN纳米短纤维。
将0.4g BN纳米短纤维、0.132g硝酸钠、0.061g硝酸钡、0.643g硝酸铋、1.133g钛酸丁酯、0.902g PVA溶解于2.0g去离子水、4.20g乙酸、1.951g乙酰丙酮、4.734g乙醇当中混合搅拌形成均匀的前驱体溶液。将前驱体溶液置入推进泵中,调节纺丝电压为22kv,接收距离为20cm,纺丝温度在30℃,湿度在10%,纺丝液推进速度为0.2mL/h,纺丝时间为4h。获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体。
将得到的BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体先置于空气中在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为200℃下煅烧4h,然后将其置于氩气气氛中在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为650℃下煅烧4h,获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜。
将得到的纯BN/BNBT压电陶瓷纤维膜在黑暗中将其完全浸泡于银占硝酸银溶液的质量百分比为2.5wt%的硝酸银溶液当中1h,然后在500W紫外照射功率下照射0.5h,对其正反两面进行同样的紫外照射处理,最后选用去离子水和酒精对复合薄膜表面清洗,再在70℃下干燥6h,最终获得BN/BNBT/Ag吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料。
将得到的BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜置于96%的N2和4%的H2的混合气氛中,在升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧温度为500℃下进行二次煅烧2h后,冷却至室温,得到结合力增强的BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维材料。
表1是不同复合纳米纤维对罗丹明B(RhB)染料的降解效率对比。通过实施例2制备了BN/BNBT/Ag复合纳米纤维,由表1可以看出,将30mg BN/BNBT/Ag复合纳米纤维加入到50mL RhB(10mg/L)染料当中,在100W超声功率和300W紫外光照下可在~50min内使RhB染料的降解率达到99.9%,大幅度提高了压电光催化降解效率。
表1不同复合纳米纤维对罗丹明B(RhB)染料的降解效率对比
类别 | 催化剂含量 | 染料浓度(用量) | 降解时间 | 降解效率 |
纯BNBT | 30mg | 10mg/L(50mL) | ~120min | 50%~65% |
BNBT/Ag | 30mg | 10mg/L(50mL) | ~100min | ~99.5% |
BN/BNBT/Ag | 30mg | 10mg/L(50mL) | ~50min | 99.9% |
图1是本发明制备的BN/BNBT/Ag吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料示意图。图中1为压电型BNBT纳米纤维;2为纳米银颗粒;3为吸附型BN纳米短纤维。从图1中可以看出,在BNBT纳米纤维的内部与表面均有BN纳米短纤维存在,且纤维表面均匀负载着等离子体光催化剂纳米银颗粒。
Claims (10)
1.一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于:具体包括如下过程:
步骤1,制备BN纳米短纤维;
步骤2,基于步骤1所得产物制备BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体;
步骤3,对步骤2所得产物进行多气氛分步煅烧,得到BN/BNBT压电纤维膜;
步骤4,基于步骤3所得产物制备BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜;
步骤5,对步骤4所得产物进行二次煅烧处理,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1的具体过程为:
步骤1.1,将BN前驱体与溶剂1进行混合,得混合液A,将混合液A搅拌均匀并进行水浴加热,然后对混合液A超声破碎处理,冷却并干燥后得到BN前驱体纤维;
步骤1.2,对步骤1.1所得的BN前驱体纤维进行煅烧处理后得到BN纤维;
步骤1.3,将BN纤维与溶剂2进行混合,使BN纤维分散后得混合液B,对混合液B进行二次超声破碎处理,过滤并干燥后即获得BN纳米短纤维。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1.1中:BN前驱体的质量百分比为1%~3%,溶剂1的质量百分比为97%~99%,以上组分质量百分比总和为100%;其中BN前驱体为三聚氰胺和硼酸,三聚氰胺和硼酸按照摩尔比为1:2混合,溶剂1为蒸馏水或去离子水;
水浴温度为80℃~95℃,水浴时间为4~5h;
超声功率为100~300W,超声时间为1~2h,干燥温度为75~90℃。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1.2中:煅烧气氛为氮气,煅烧温度为1100~1500℃,升温速率5℃/min,煅烧时间为4~8h。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1.3中,所述溶剂2为异丙醇,二次超声功率为100~300W,超声时间为24~48h,干燥温度为70~90℃,干燥时间为4~6h;
BN纳米短纤维的纤维直径为80~110nm,长径比为3~5。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2的具体过程为:
将BNBT陶瓷前驱体、溶剂、可纺聚合物及步骤1制备的BN纳米短纤维混合搅拌形成均匀的前驱体溶液置入推进泵中,调节静电纺丝工艺参数获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2中:
前驱体溶液按质量百分比由以下物质组成:BN纳米短纤维1.5%~3%、陶瓷前驱体12%~20%、可纺聚合物5%~8%、溶剂69%~81.5%,以上组分总和为100%;
静电纺丝工艺参数为:纺丝电压为18~22kv,接收距离为15~20cm,纺丝温度在20~30℃,湿度在10%~30%,纺丝液推进速度为0.2~0.5mL/h,纺丝时间为2~4h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3的具体过程为:
将步骤2得到的BN/BNBT压电纤维膜前驱体先后置于煅烧气氛1和煅烧气氛2当中,调节煅烧工艺参数进行分步煅烧处理,获得BN/BNBT压电纤维膜;
其中,煅烧气氛1为空气,煅烧温度为200~300℃,升温速率0.5℃/min,煅烧时间为2~4h;
煅烧气氛2为氩气,煅烧温度为650~750℃,升温速率0.5℃/min,煅烧时间为2~4h。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4的具体过程为:
将步骤3得到的BN/BNBT压电纤维膜在黑暗中完全浸泡于硝酸银溶液中,调节紫外光照参数对BN/BNBT压电纤维膜正反两面进行同样的紫外光照处理,清洗并干燥后获得BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜;
步骤4中,硝酸银溶液按照银占硝酸银溶液的质量百分比为0.5wt%~2.5wt%配制,浸泡时间为0.5~1h,紫外照射功率为300~500W,照射时间为0.5~1h,清洗溶剂为去离子水和酒精,干燥温度为50~70℃,干燥时间为6~10h。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸附型压电光催化复合纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5的具体过程为:
将步骤4制备的BN/BNBT/Ag压电光催化复合纤维膜置于混合气氛中进行二次煅烧处理后,冷却至室温,压电光催化复合纤维材料;
其中,混合气氛为95~97%的N2和3~5%的H2,煅烧温度为300~500℃,升温速率为0.5℃/min,煅烧时间2~4h。
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