CN113372987A - 铝合金锻造脱模剂 - Google Patents

铝合金锻造脱模剂 Download PDF

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CN113372987A
CN113372987A CN202110648900.7A CN202110648900A CN113372987A CN 113372987 A CN113372987 A CN 113372987A CN 202110648900 A CN202110648900 A CN 202110648900A CN 113372987 A CN113372987 A CN 113372987A
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sodium
forging
release agent
borax
aluminum alloy
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CN113372987B (zh
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张玉石
李芳妮
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Xi'an Sikai Petrochemical Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了铝合金锻造脱模剂，异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物2％‑5％、氢氧化钠1％‑2.5％、聚乙烯醇2％‑5％、聚丙烯酰胺0.1％‑1％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5％‑2％、多聚磷酸钠3％‑5％、硼砂2％‑5％、苯甲酸钠1％‑2％、硅氧烷酮0.5％‑1％，化合物百分比为重量百分比，余量为去离子水。在硅氧烷酮和聚乙烯醇的作用下，异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物、聚丙烯酰胺、羧甲基纤维素钠、多聚磷酸钠、硼砂和苯甲酸钠在高温下形成一层具有良好的润滑性和脱模性的面层，该面层不粘模具，利于提高脱模作业生产效率，最主要的是在高温锻造下，由于保水特点，成分中的颗粒物不易干化而产生粉尘，解决传统锻造脱模剂环境污染严重的问题，由于不含石墨，不会在锻件上起污点、麻坑和腐蚀，锻后清理更加方便。

Description

铝合金锻造脱模剂
技术领域
本发明属于铝合金锻造工艺技术领域，具体涉及铝合金锻造脱模剂。
背景技术
21世纪以来，随着科学技术的不断提高，金属加工行业得以迅猛发展，继而推动了大量锻压设备、锻造工艺的进步，同时为我国锻造产品的制造提供了强有力的保障。目前，我国锻造产品不但可满足自身生产需求，还以每年约20％的增速扩展到国际市场。但是，在锻造行业高速发展的同时，我们也发现了一个重要且制约行业发展的问题，即环保问题。
由于锻造生产过程会产生大量的热量，会对模具的使用寿命及工件性能产生不利的影响，从而大大增加了生产成本，因此企业通常在锻造生产中通过添加脱模剂来减缓和阻止这些问题的产生。而现有锻造工业生产中最常用的脱模剂大都是石墨系列产品。
锻造生产过程中，石墨系列的脱模剂使用后的残留物不易去除，且容易嵌在锻件表面上，会引起污点、麻坑和腐蚀，给锻后的清理带来诸多不便。其次，锻造过程中，由于温度过高，大量的石墨粉尘会漂浮在工厂的空气中，造成严重的粉尘污染，对工人的身体健康造成不可逆转的伤害。同时，大量的石墨粉尘由于磁性作用会随着空气流动，从而附着在电气元件上，造成配电短路和电机烧损等后果，给企业带来不可估量的损失。
综上所述，研发出一种不含石墨、高效、绿色、环保、价低的锻造脱模剂对金属加工行业的发展显得至关重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供铝合金锻造脱模剂，以解决现有技术中存在的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：铝合金锻造脱模剂，异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物2％-5％、氢氧化钠1％-2.5％、聚乙烯醇2％-5％、聚丙烯酰胺0.1％-1％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5％-2％、多聚磷酸钠3％-5％、硼砂2％-5％、苯甲酸钠1％-2％、硅氧烷酮0.5％-1％，化合物百分比为重量百分比，余量为去离子水。
优选的，异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物2％、氢氧化钠1.5％、聚乙烯醇3％、聚丙烯酰胺0.2％、羧甲基纤维素钠1.0％、多聚磷酸钠3％、硼砂2％、苯甲酸钠 1％、硅氧烷酮0.5％、去离子水余量。
优选的，异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物2％、氢氧化钠1.5％、聚乙烯醇5％、聚丙烯酰胺0.2％、羧甲基纤维素钠1.0％、多聚磷酸钠3％、硼砂2％、苯甲酸钠 1％、硅氧烷酮0.5％、去离子水余量。
优选的，异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物3％、氢氧化钠2％、聚乙烯醇5％、聚丙烯酰胺0.5％、羧甲基纤维素钠2％、多聚磷酸钠4％、硼砂5％、苯甲酸钠1％、硅氧烷酮1％、去离子水余量。
优选的，异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物5％、氢氧化钠2.5％、聚乙烯醇5％、聚丙烯酰胺1％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5％、多聚磷酸钠5％、硼砂5％、苯甲酸钠2％、硅氧烷酮1％、去离子水余量。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1、解决传统锻造脱模剂环境污染严重，铝合金锻造过程腐蚀的问题；
2、化学性能稳定，不易发生化学反应，使用方便；
3、具有良好的润滑性和脱模性，不粘模具，生产效率高；
4、对模具有良好的隔热降温作用，可延长模具使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
铝合金锻造脱模剂，异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物2％-5％、氢氧化钠1％-2.5％、聚乙烯醇2％-5％、聚丙烯酰胺0.1％-1％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5％-2％、多聚磷酸钠3％-5％、硼砂2％-5％、苯甲酸钠1％-2％、硅氧烷酮0.5％-1％，化合物百分比为重量百分比，余量为去离子水。
实施例一：异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物2％、氢氧化钠1.5％、聚乙烯醇3％、聚丙烯酰胺0.2％、羧甲基纤维素钠1.0％、多聚磷酸钠3％、硼砂2％、苯甲酸钠1％、硅氧烷酮0.5％、去离子水余量。
实施例二：异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物2％、氢氧化钠1.5％、聚乙烯醇5％、聚丙烯酰胺0.2％、羧甲基纤维素钠1.0％、多聚磷酸钠3％、硼砂2％、苯甲酸钠1％、硅氧烷酮0.5％、去离子水余量。
实施例三：异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物3％、氢氧化钠2％、聚乙烯醇5％、聚丙烯酰胺0.5％、羧甲基纤维素钠2％、多聚磷酸钠4％、硼砂5％、苯甲酸钠1％、硅氧烷酮1％、去离子水余量。
实施例四，异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物5％、氢氧化钠2.5％、聚乙烯醇5％、聚丙烯酰胺1％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5％、多聚磷酸钠5％、硼砂5％、苯甲酸钠 2％、硅氧烷酮1％、去离子水余量。
铝合金锻造脱模剂生产方法：步骤一，依次往调和釜中按比例加入异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物、聚乙烯醇、氢氧化钠、聚丙烯酰胺、羧甲基纤维素钠和去离子水，调节调和釜加热温度为40℃，并通过温度计测量混合物温度至 40℃，调和釜关仓，设定调和釜搅拌时间为2小时；步骤二，打开调和釜的仓门，按比例分批加入多聚磷酸钠、硼砂、苯甲酸钠和硅氧烷酮，调和釜关仓，设定调和釜搅拌时间为3小时；步骤三，调和釜停机，并静止1小时；步骤四，打开调和釜的仓门，取出，检验，罐装。
原料性能：
异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物和羧甲基纤维素钠是交联剂和成模剂，对模具具有良好的隔热降温作用；
聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯酰胺是增稠剂，增加脱模剂的成膜厚度和黏附性，提高锻件质量和表面光洁度；
硼砂，增强锻件与模具之间的润滑性；
苯甲酸钠，具有防腐杀菌效果；
硅氧烷酮，属于金属缓蚀剂，使锻件和模具具有抗腐蚀性；
去离子水，具有良好的冷却效果，成本低廉，不易污染。
基于润滑性和脱模性，分别将实施例一、实施例二、实施例三和实施例四的各配比脱模剂，以及市面上常用的石墨脱模剂分别喷涂在四个相同且内表面无损耗的锻造模具内壁，并且让四个锻造模具分别对1000件铝合金棒料进行锻造加工后，通过测量，获得各个锻造模具内壁脱模损耗公差，如表1：
配方 损耗公差mm
实施例一 0.070
实施例二 0.075
实施例三 0.072
实施例四 0.073
石墨脱模剂 0.15
表1
由表1可知，相对现有的石墨脱模剂，四个实施例的脱模剂配方均对锻造模具内壁具有更好的脱模性和润滑性，降低对锻造模具的损耗，而良好的脱模性和润滑性在锻造过程中，使得锻造件不易粘附在锻造模具内壁，使得锻造生产效率更高。
基于粉尘污染情况，分别将实施例一、实施例二、实施例三和实施例四的各配比脱模剂，以及市面上常用的石墨脱模剂分别应用与四个锻造车间内，完全开工3小时后，通过便携式环境空气质量监测仪分别对四个锻造车间内的空气污染指数进行检测，获得各个锻造车间内污染指数，如表2：
Figure RE-GDA0003160443380000051
表2
由表2可知，相对采用石墨脱模剂的锻造车间，使用本发明的四个实施例的配方的锻造车间，锻造车间内的空气中粉尘明显减少，空气污染情况有效得到改善，这主要源于本发明中的脱模剂中含有多种保水成分对去离子水的控制，从而有效减少本发明配方中的颗粒物受热并且在锻造气流作用下，而漂浮至锻造车间内的空气中的量。
本发明铝合金锻造脱模剂，化学性能稳定，采用多种保水成分，能够在锻造高热环境下，降低去离子水蒸发量，对铝合金锻造模具具有良好的隔热降温性，并且在硅氧烷酮和聚乙烯醇的作用下，异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物、聚丙烯酰胺、羧甲基纤维素钠、多聚磷酸钠、硼砂和苯甲酸钠在高温下形成一层具有良好的润滑性和脱模性的面层，该面层不粘模具，利于提高脱模作业生产效率，最主要的是在高温锻造下，由于保水特点，成分中的颗粒物不易干化而产生粉尘，解决传统锻造脱模剂环境污染严重的问题，由于不含石墨，不会在锻件上起污点、麻坑和腐蚀，锻后清理更加方便。

Claims (5)

1.铝合金锻造脱模剂，其特征在于：异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物2％-5％、氢氧化钠1％-2.5％、聚乙烯醇2％-5％、聚丙烯酰胺0.1％-1％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5％-2％、多聚磷酸钠3％-5％、硼砂2％-5％、苯甲酸钠1％-2％、硅氧烷酮0.5％-1％，化合物百分比为重量百分比，余量为去离子水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金锻造脱模剂，其特征在于：异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物2％、氢氧化钠1.5％、聚乙烯醇3％、聚丙烯酰胺0.2％、羧甲基纤维素钠1.0％、多聚磷酸钠3％、硼砂2％、苯甲酸钠1％、硅氧烷酮0.5％、去离子水余量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金锻造脱模剂，其特征在于：异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物2％、氢氧化钠1.5％、聚乙烯醇5％、聚丙烯酰胺0.2％、羧甲基纤维素钠1.0％、多聚磷酸钠3％、硼砂2％、苯甲酸钠1％、硅氧烷酮0.5％、去离子水余量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金锻造脱模剂，其特征在于：异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物3％、氢氧化钠2％、聚乙烯醇5％、聚丙烯酰胺0.5％、羧甲基纤维素钠2％、多聚磷酸钠4％、硼砂5％、苯甲酸钠1％、硅氧烷酮1％、去离子水余量。
5.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金锻造脱模剂，其特征在于：异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物5％、氢氧化钠2.5％、聚乙烯醇5％、聚丙烯酰胺1％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5％、多聚磷酸钠5％、硼砂5％、苯甲酸钠2％、硅氧烷酮1％、去离子水余量。
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