CN113371121A - 新型电助动载重自行车变速驱动系统 - Google Patents

新型电助动载重自行车变速驱动系统 Download PDF

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CN113371121A
CN113371121A CN202011448919.9A CN202011448919A CN113371121A CN 113371121 A CN113371121 A CN 113371121A CN 202011448919 A CN202011448919 A CN 202011448919A CN 113371121 A CN113371121 A CN 113371121A
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speed
gear
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shaft
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陆炳林
严井
施伟
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Shanghai Chuanlin Precision Parts Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/45Control or actuating devices therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62JCYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J45/00Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
    • B62J45/40Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof
    • B62J45/41Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by the type of sensor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62KCYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K23/00Rider-operated controls specially adapted for cycles, i.e. means for initiating control operations, e.g. levers, grips
    • B62K23/02Rider-operated controls specially adapted for cycles, i.e. means for initiating control operations, e.g. levers, grips hand actuated
    • B62K23/04Twist grips
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B62M11/10Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with bevel gear wheels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B62M11/14Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M23/00Transmissions characterised by use of other elements; Other transmissions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M25/00Actuators for gearing speed-change mechanisms specially adapted for cycles
    • B62M25/02Actuators for gearing speed-change mechanisms specially adapted for cycles with mechanical transmitting systems, e.g. cables, levers
    • B62M25/04Actuators for gearing speed-change mechanisms specially adapted for cycles with mechanical transmitting systems, e.g. cables, levers hand actuated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/45Control or actuating devices therefor
    • B62M6/50Control or actuating devices therefor characterised by detectors or sensors, or arrangement thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62KCYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K2204/00Adaptations for driving cycles by electric motor

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供新型电助动载重自行车变速驱动系统,具体为一种电助动载重自行车双动力变速集成电机,采用锥齿轮系统和设计独特的轴向离合,较好的实现了包括倒退在内的多档变速。

Description

新型电助动载重自行车变速驱动系统
技术领域
双动力功率汇流变速系统。
背景技术
电助力自行车进一步向载人,载货的方向发展, 已在世界各地形成了潮流,在各种家庭用小功率载人载货电助力车兴起的同时,短途厂区运输,快件投递,在采用了较大功率的电机的同时,保留了人力驱动的双动力车辆正在迅速成长,随着电机功率的增加,根本没有变速,或者只有人力变速, 没有电动力变速的驱动系统,已很难满足市场的需要, 特别是载重车辆启动和爬坡的需要。变速驱动是发展的必然趋势,在考虑变速的同时,车辆倒退的控制应该一并考虑。对于纯电动系统,除了整个传动系统必须允许正反转的弊端以外,人们可以考虑采用简单的电机反转实现车辆的倒退,但对于既有电动又有人力驱动的系统,由于人力的倒踏不符合人类长期形成的习惯,车辆倒退采用电机倒转就又增加了额外困难,由此,在人力和车辆功率汇流以后,采用包括倒退档的变速,成为需要解决的问题的关键,沿着经典行星系统变速的思路,通过对轴向离合的深入研究,我们实现了采用一级行星系统,实现所有可能速度变换的工程问题, 其中包括太阳轮输入,行星架固定, 齿圈输出的适用倒退档, 这就为包含人力和电机的双动力系统的变速打开了一条通道。让我们稍微感到不足的是, 由于行星齿轮系统变速的固有需要,系统采用的轴向离合器数目偏多并占用了较多的轴向空间。
发明内容
本发明针对双动力载货自行车驱动系统发展过程中遇到的关键问题,提出并系统性地解决了包括倒退挡在内的功率汇流和变速方案,为该领域的工程理论和实际的发展开辟了一条新的道路。通过采用锥齿轮系统和设计独特的轴向离合,较好的实现了包括倒退在内的多档变速。系统结构简单,占据空间较小。在汇流动力轴上增加的锥齿轮,在担当传输时实现变相变速,在不负担传输时,能同时起到稳定系统, 减少震动和噪音的作用。本发明虽初始为双动力载货自行车的倒挡和变速而来,但它的变速和倒挡同样可以适用于单动力系统,以及非电的内燃机,蒸汽机等动力系统。附图说明:
附图1 为电机内部结构剖视图;
附图2 为手动调速转把26示意图;
附图3 为电机调速部分结构图;
附图4 为电机安装示意图;
图中标号说明:
1.输入轴 2.定子3.壳体 4.转子5.转子轴6.齿圈 7.行星架 8.双路单向离合器 9.动力轴 10.一档主动轮 11.二挡主动轮 12.三挡主动轮 13.倒挡主动轮 14输出轴 15.一档/倒挡从动轮 16.二挡从动轮 17.三挡从动轮 18.一档离合器 19.二挡离合器 20.三挡离合器 21.倒挡离合器 22.平衡管 23.调速盒 24调速轮 25.调速轴 26调速转把 27调速线 28.调速轴套 29.调速顶杆 30.顶杆套 30.差速器。
具体实施方式:
如图1,电助动载重自行车双动力变速集成电机的左侧为人力轴输入。 输入轴1上有花键或链轮卡接槽, 允许人力采用轴连接或链条传动连接。,电机采用内转子电机, 电机定子2安装在壳体3内左侧,电机转子4安装在转子轴5上,转子轴5的中空部分留有足够空间允许输入轴通过,电机采用行星齿轮减速,转子轴5右部分加工为太阳轮, 行星减速齿圈6固定在壳体3上,行星架7输出电机扭矩。扭矩输出以后经双路单向离合器8和人力输入汇合到动力轴9. 变速采用锥齿轮系变速。图中以采用变速车辆常用的一退三进为例,具体变速档数可以根据需要决定。
动力轴9从左到右用轴承连接四个锥齿轮:一档主动轮10、二挡主动轮11、三挡主动轮12、倒挡主动轮13,出于装配的考虑,这四个锥齿轮的内孔直径由大到小,在四个锥齿轮的上方,是三个直径不同,但同心固定连接在同一旋转轴的锥齿轮:一档/倒挡从动轮15、二挡从动轮16、三挡从动轮17,输出轴14和动力轴9垂直,动力轴上一档主动轮10、二挡主动轮11、三挡主动轮12,分别和一档/倒挡从动轮15 、二挡从动轮16、三挡从动轮17的左侧啮合,动力轴9上的倒挡主动轮13和一档/倒挡从动轮14的右侧啮合。在一档主动轮10、二挡主动轮11 、三挡主动轮12的左侧和倒挡主动轮13的右侧有平面滚针轴承,分别在轴向限定四个主动轮的左移和右移,一档/倒挡从动轮15 、二挡从动轮16、三挡从动轮17固定在输出轴14上,一档/倒挡从动轮15的上方有平面滚针轴承限定三个从动轮的上移,以上锥齿轮系统可以根据需要采用直齿、斜齿、或螺旋齿。
动力从动力轴9向锥齿轮系统的传递,由四个轴向离合器一档离合器18、二挡离合器19、三挡离合器20、倒挡离合器21 完成,四个轴向离合器采用花键安装在动力轴9上,四个轴向离合器背面装有弹簧,弹簧的作用力使得离合器完成和锥齿轮的结合,传递力矩给锥齿轮系统,四个轴向离合器可以在外力的作用下沿着动力轴9轴向移动使得离合器和锥齿轮系统分离,输出轴14通过防水轴承穿出电机壳体3,输出轴14外侧可安装链轮或花键,用于连接并驱动载货车后桥,使载货车行驶。
电机的驱动采用电助力模式,当人力驱动开始,电机控制器向电机供电,动力轴9旋转,工作档位的离合器与主动轮结合,非工作档位离合器与主动轮分离,驱动电机以工作档位对应的速度前进/后退。
本发明的离合器外力控制部分采用安装在载货车把手上的手动调速转把26,通过调速线27连接安装在电机右侧的调速盒23,调速盒内的装有调速轮24,调速轮24与调速轴25固定连接,调速轴25可在调速轴套28内旋转,调速轴套28上有可供调速顶杆29左右滑动的槽,顶杆套30可在调速轴套28上滑动,调速顶杆29安装在顶杆套30内,调速顶杆29上端与各档位离合器接触,中间穿过顶杆套30和调速轴套28,下端插入调速轴24上的槽内,当人力转动调速转把26,调速转把26拉动调速线27,调速线27带动调速盒23内的调速轮24旋转,调速轮24带动安装在调速轴套28内的调速轴25旋转,调速顶杆29在调速轴25、调速轴套28、顶杆套30的共同作用下左右滑动,四个轴向离合器在调速顶杆29和弹簧的作用下左右滑动,使工作档位的离合器结合,非工作档位的离合器分离,输出轴14输出档位对应的转速,手动调速部分采用已经申请专利的带有锁止装置和霍耳传感器的手动调速转把26, 如图二,调速转把清晰表征不同的档位,档位锁止装置需要在档位调节时解除锁止,霍耳传感器在档位锁止解除时将信号传给控制器,控制器将电流降到空载电流以利于换档。换档结束,电流迅速回复。

Claims (6)

1.一种新型电助动载重自行车变速驱动系统,其特征在于:人力驱动和电驱动在功率汇流以后再通过变速系统输入到后桥差速器,变速档位包括一个倒退档和多个前进档,变速采用锥齿轮传动系统,电机、减速器和功率汇聚集成在一个圆柱形带散热片的外壳中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型电助动载重自行车变速驱动系统,其特征在于:变速输出轴和动力输入轴互相垂直,输出轴连接N个不同直径的锥齿轮,在输入轴的相应位置有对应的啮合齿轮,以输出轴中心为界,一边为前进档,另一边为倒退档,在通常只需要一个倒退档的情形下,N个不同直径的锥齿轮的啮合,形成一个倒退档和N个前进档,输入锥齿轮用轴承安装在动力输入轴上,其端齿面面向另一个用花键安装在动力轴上的滑动齿面,滑动齿面可以沿动力轴左右移动,和输入锥齿轮实现离合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型电助动载重自行车可调变速驱动系统,其特征在于:电机动力输出后经过一级行星减速,由减速行星架输出,人力输入轴通过离合器输入到减速行星架,双动力汇流后输入到变速锥齿轮系统的动力输入轴,人力输入可以是链条,齿盘连接,也可以是旋转轴的花键连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型电助动载重自行车可调变速驱动系统,其特征在于:变速器的输出轴和后桥的连接, 可以用花键或者链条,齿盘连接,对于不采用链条的后桥,变速器的输出轴直接和后桥输入轴键接,电机、减速、变速集成系统可以直接固定在后桥差速器上,而人力的输入可以借助链条和齿盘直接输入到变速器动力输入端, 形成一个简单的双动力结构,对于采用链条连接的后桥,可以采用人力非链条传输,实现在变速器输入轴上的功率汇流。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型电助动载重自行车可调变速驱动系统,其特征在于:调速档位的变换,采用手动转把和金属线,手把上安装有调速保护装置,调速保护开启时,电机控制器收到信号,电机电流降到空转电流,保证档位变换的平滑。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型电助动载重自行车可调变速驱动系统,其特征在于:
电机,减速器和变速器的集成系统也可以用于没有人力驱动的纯电动系统,减速和变速的顺序, 在单一动力时,可以根据情况交换先后次序,本发明的变速和减速,除了可以用于电动系统以外,也适用于其它动力系统,如内燃机、蒸汽机动力系统等。
CN202011448919.9A 2020-12-11 2020-12-11 新型电助动载重自行车变速驱动系统 Pending CN113371121A (zh)

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