CN113367014A - Method for ecologically repairing hardened river bank by mangrove forest plants - Google Patents
Method for ecologically repairing hardened river bank by mangrove forest plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN113367014A CN113367014A CN202110657332.7A CN202110657332A CN113367014A CN 113367014 A CN113367014 A CN 113367014A CN 202110657332 A CN202110657332 A CN 202110657332A CN 113367014 A CN113367014 A CN 113367014A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring hardened river bank ecology by mangrove plants, which comprises the following steps: removing concrete hard banks on two sides of the river channel, and adopting a gabion retaining wall for bank protection; driving closely-arranged pine piles into a river bed which is 2-3m away from the bank and on the inner side of the gabion retaining wall, and filling soil into an area enclosed by the pine piles and the bank to form a first beach surface; forming a step-shaped slope surface according to topography at a river section with a wider cross section and a slower flow rate; planting real mangrove plants on the first beach face; the method is characterized in that real mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants are planted in sequence from the side close to water to the side close to bank, the maximum water passing amount of the cross section is increased by removing the concrete bank and adopting the topographic design of a gabion retaining wall and a stepped slope, and the flood running function is enhanced. Mangrove plants are planted on both banks of the river, so that the formation of different types of habitats such as the river, the mangrove, the semi-mangrove and the like is promoted, various water pollution indexes such as ammonia nitrogen, COD and the like are obviously reduced, and DO is obviously increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of riverway water quality treatment, and particularly relates to a method for ecologically restoring a hardened river bank by mangrove forest plants.
Background
In recent decades, some coastal cities in south China have taken "two-side light" or "three-side light" hydraulic engineering treatment measures for river channels near the entrance to the sea for the purpose of flood control. The hardening of the river bank directly blocks the material biological exchange between the water body and the soil (land), destroys the living and breeding space of the river bank biozone and the land-water interlaced zone biozone, reduces the variety of species and reduces the self-cleaning capability of the water body of the river channel.
Mangrove forest is called as "coast guard", "land making pioneer" and "natural filter", and plays an important role in purifying seawater, preventing wind and wave, maintaining biological diversity, fixing carbon, storing carbon, etc. However, how to construct an ecological restoration system suitable for the transformation of a hardened river bank is the current research direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for ecologically restoring a hardened river bank by using mangrove plants.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for ecologically restoring hardened river banks by using mangrove forest plants, comprising the steps of:
1) on a vertical bank slope with a narrow river channel section and a high flow rate, removing concrete hard banks on two sides of the river channel, and protecting the banks at the removed hard river banks by adopting a gabion retaining wall;
2) driving closely-arranged pine piles into a river bed which is 2-3m away from the bank on the inner side of the gabion retaining wall, laying geotextile in an area enclosed by the pine piles and the bank, and filling soil mixed by soil replacement and dredged sediment to form a first beach face on which mangrove plants can be planted;
3) forming a step-shaped slope surface according to topography at a river section with a wider cross section and a slower flow rate;
4) planting real mangrove plants on the first beach face;
5) and planting real mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants on the stepped slope from the side close to water to the side close to the bank in sequence, wherein the height of the slope where the real mangrove plants are planted is not lower than the average tide line, and the height of the slope where the semi-mangrove plants are planted is not lower than the average high tide line.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the height of the gabion retaining wall is 2-3m, the gabion retaining wall is built by adopting corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant net cages, adjacent net cages are bound and connected through steel wires, and at least one of block stones, pebbles and gravels with the particle size of 150-250mm is filled in the net cages.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, in step 2), the pine piles are driven vertically downwards into the bottom mud by using heavy machinery, wherein the depth of the pine piles penetrating into the bottom mud is not less than 60% of the length of the pine piles.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, in step 3), the gradient of the stepped slope surface is 1:3, the width of each step in the stepped slope surface is 1.5-2.0 m, and the height difference between adjacent steps in the stepped slope surface is 0.5 m.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the coastal salt-tolerant garden plants are planted on the top of the dike where the stair slope is located, and the coastal salt-tolerant garden plants can adopt at least one of sargentgloryvine stem, pittosporum tobira, panda tree and hibiscus hamabo.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the mangrove plant may be at least one of Kandelia candel, Aesculus fordii, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Morus alba; the Hemerocallis plant can be at least one of Tremella, cortex Phellodendri, fructus Citri Limoniae, hibiscus and poplar and shrubalthea.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the semi-mangrove plants are planted in a strip shape, and the row spacing of the planted semi-mangrove plants is 1.0m multiplied by 1.0 m; the real mangrove plant adopts the mixed planting of 2 to 3 tree species in a strip shape or a block shape, wherein, the row spacing of the fast-growing tree species in the real mangrove plant is 1.0m multiplied by 1.0m to 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m, and the row spacing of the slow-growing tree species in the real mangrove plant is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m to 0.5m multiplied by 1.0 m.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, when the real mangrove plants, the semi-mangrove plants and the coastal salt-resistant garden plants are planted, the soil covering height is not more than 10cm higher than the upper surface of the seedling nutrition bag.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, a protective net is set up around the growing area of the real mangrove plant, the height of the protective net is higher than the average high tide line.
One of the above technical solutions of the present invention has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: according to the invention, by removing the concrete river bank and adopting the topographic design of the gabion retaining wall and the stepped slope, the maximum water passing amount of the section is increased, and the flood-running function is enhanced. Mangrove plants are planted on both banks of the river, so that the formation of different types of habitats such as the river, the mangrove, the semi-mangrove and the like is promoted; not only increases species diversity of plants, but also obviously increases the number and species of aquatic birds, aquatic animals (including fishes), and the like; the water quality monitoring result shows that various water pollution indexes such as ammonia nitrogen, COD and the like are obviously reduced, DO is obviously increased, and the water quality is improved from the poor V type to the V type before modification. The inhabitation space of microbial community, amphibious organism community, fish community and bird community is formed initially, and the self-cleaning capability of the river is gradually recovered.
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The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples;
fig. 1 is a water quality comparison chart before and after ecological restoration of a river channel in example one.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the term "connected" is to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection or a movable connection, a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through one or more other elements or indirectly connected through one or more other elements or in an interactive relationship between two elements.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different aspects of the invention.
A method for carrying out hardened riparian ecological restoration by mangrove plants comprises the following steps:
1) at the bank slope with narrow section, large flow velocity and vertical type of the river channel, removing concrete hard banks at two sides of the river channel, and at the removed hard river bank, adopting a gabion retaining wall for bank protection, wherein the gabion retaining wall can play a role in bank protection, and meanwhile, because pores are reserved among fillers in the net cage, water flow can pass through the gabion retaining wall to reach vegetation and soil on the river bank, so that the purification effect on water quality is realized;
2) driving closely-arranged pine piles into a river bed which is 2-3m away from the bank on the inner side of the gabion retaining wall, paving geotextile in an area enclosed by the pine piles and the bank, filling soil mixed by soil replacement and dredged sediment to form a first beach surface on which mangrove plants can be planted, and detecting that the dredged sediment has the average water content of below 45%, higher organic matter content and lower heavy metal content and is suitable for being used as greening soil;
3) forming a step-shaped slope surface according to topography at a river section with a wider cross section and a slower flow rate;
4) planting real mangrove plants on the first beach face;
5) and planting real mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants on the stepped slope from the side close to water to the side close to the bank in sequence, wherein the height of the slope where the real mangrove plants are planted is not lower than the average tide line, and the height of the slope where the semi-mangrove plants are planted is not lower than the average high tide line.
The planting of real mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants follows the principles of 'proper-to-ground trees' and 'community natural succession principle' as much as possible, and the real mangrove plants and the semi-mangrove plants simulate the mixed mating arrangement mode of various trees of a near-natural forest on the basis of local tree species, take both ecological and landscape functions into consideration, add and strengthen the characteristics of tropical coastal cities, and become a new scenic spot attracting local residents and foreign tourists.
In one embodiment of the invention, the height of the gabion retaining wall is 2-3m, the gabion retaining wall is built by adopting corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant net cages, adjacent net cages are bound and connected through steel wires, and at least one of block stones, pebbles and gravels with the particle size of 150-250mm is filled in the net cages. The gabion retaining wall not only can play a role in protecting the bank, but also can realize the purification effect on water quality because a hole is reserved between fillers in the net cage, and water flow can pass through the gabion to reach vegetation and soil on the bank. The dimensions of the net cage are 3000mm × 1000mm × 500mm and 3000mm × 500mm × 500 mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, in step 2), the pine piles are driven vertically downwards into the bottom mud by using heavy machinery, wherein the depth of the pine piles penetrating into the bottom mud is not less than 60% of the length of the pine piles.
In one embodiment of the invention, in step 3), the gradient of the stepped slope surface is 1:3, the width of each step in the stepped slope surface is 1.5-2.0 m, and the height difference between adjacent steps in the stepped slope surface is 0.5 m.
In one embodiment of the invention, the coastal salt-tolerant garden plants are planted at the top of the dike where the stepped slope surface is located, and the coastal salt-tolerant garden plants can adopt at least one of sargentgloryvine stem, pittosporum tobira, panda tree and hibiscus hamabo.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the mangrove plant may be at least one of Kandelia candel, Aesculus fordii, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Morus alba; the Hemerocallis plant can be at least one of Tremella, cortex Phellodendri, fructus Citri Limoniae, hibiscus and poplar and shrubalthea. Wherein, the specification of the nursery stock selects I-grade quality nursery stock, and preferably selects healthy and strong nutrition bag nursery stock without plant diseases and insect pests. The height of the true mangrove plant Kandelia candel seedling is 100-110cm, the height of the tung flower seedling is 100-110cm, the height of the bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedling is 100-120cm, the height of the red sea olive seedling is 60-80cm, and the height of the sea mulberry plant is 100-120 cm; the height of the half-mangrove plant silver leaf tree is 100-120cm, the height of the phellodendron chinense is 100-120cm, the height of the sea lemon fruit plant is 100-120cm, and the height of the poplar and shrubalthea plant is 100-120 cm; the height of the coastal salt-tolerant garden plants such as the marsdenia tenacissima, the pittosporum tobira and the like is 40-50 cm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the semi-mangrove plants are planted in a strip shape, and the row spacing of the planted plants of the semi-mangrove plants is 1.0m multiplied by 1.0 m; the real mangrove plant adopts the mixed planting of 2 to 3 tree species in a strip shape or a block shape, wherein, the row spacing of the fast-growing tree species in the real mangrove plant is 1.0m multiplied by 1.0m to 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m, and the row spacing of the slow-growing tree species in the real mangrove plant is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m to 0.5m multiplied by 1.0 m.
In one embodiment of the invention, when the real mangrove plants, the semi-mangrove plants and the coastal salt-resistant garden plants are planted, the soil coverage height is not more than 10cm of the upper surface of the seedling nutrition bag.
In one embodiment of the invention, a protective net is arranged around the planting area of the true mangrove plant, and the height of the protective net is higher than the average high tide line so as to prevent floating garbage from entering the planting area of the true mangrove plant to cover the nursery stock.
Garbage, sundries, seaweed and the like in the planting area and wound on the seedlings are cleaned regularly to reduce interference and damage to the seedlings.
And (3) performing necessary repair on damaged seedlings and saplings such as lodging, root exposure and the like regularly, and performing appropriate replanting on the damaged seedlings and saplings of true mangrove plants, semi-mangrove plants and coastal salt-tolerant garden plants.
Example one
The implementation site of a certain project is located in a coastal area of a certain city in the east of Hainan, the total length of a river channel is 12.8km, the project section is close to a river mouth, the length is 5km, the river width is 30-100m, the water depth is 0.5-2m, the salinity of a water body is 5-10 per mill, and the average slope of a river bed is 3.63 per mill. Belongs to tropical monsoon marine climate, the annual average temperature is 23.8 ℃, the dry and wet season is obvious, and the rainy season is mainly concentrated in 5 to 10 months.
The river channel is a 'two-side light' hardened river bank; rain and sewage mixed flow drainage pipes are densely distributed on two sides of the river channel; through sampling monitoring analysis, the water quality is poor V-class water (monitoring data before project implementation in 2018), and particularly the ammonia nitrogen exceeds the standard seriously. The river channel is completely hardened and canalized, so that water and soil are separated, water and organisms are separated, and the ecological functions of the river channel and a shoreline are blocked violently. In the project, due to hardening revetment construction and black and odorous water, the ecological system of the river channel is damaged, the biological diversity is poor, and the landscape effect is poor.
Aiming at the river channel, the following steps are adopted:
1) and mechanically breaking the grouted rubble river levee, and protecting the bank at the removed artificial bank by using a gabion retaining wall. The gabion retaining wall adopts the gabion, the gabion is formed by filling block stones or pebbles in a twisted hexagonal metal net in a machine and manual mode, the size of the gabion is 60 multiplied by 80mm, the aperture of meshes is 2.2mm, the gabion has the characteristics of strong scouring resistance, self-permeability, integrity, wind wave resistance and the like, a gap between structural fillers can keep the natural exchange function between a soil body and a water body, and organisms can easily inhabit;
2) digging a pine pile of 4m on a river bed which is 2m away from the bank on the inner side of the gabion retaining wall, sharpening one end of the pine pile, vertically downwards driving bottom mud into the upper part of the pine pile by an excavator for 2.5m, reserving 1.5m of ground height, placing bamboo strips and non-woven geotextiles behind the pine pile, and filling soil mixed with the bottom mud of the river bed into an enclosed area between the pine pile and the bank to ensure that a first beach surface is higher than an average tide level;
3) forming a step-shaped slope surface according to the terrain on the two banks with wider cross section, slower flow speed and slope extension, wherein the gradient of the step-shaped slope surface is 1:3, the width of each step in the step-shaped slope surface is 1.2-1.5 m, the height of each step in the step-shaped slope surface is 0.4m, mangrove plants are planted on the lower terrain (above the average tide level line) side close to water, and semi-mangrove plants and salt-tolerant coastal garden plants are planted on the slope surface above the average high tide level line along with the increase of the terrain;
4) the true mangrove plant is mainly selected from Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Cerebia elaphus, and Morus alba with wide salt tolerance range, and is selected from nutrition bag seedling with plant height of 100 plus materials of 120cm and crown width of 20 cm; selecting silver leaf tree, poplar, shrubalthea, hibiscus syriacus, lemon fruit and pongamia pinnata as the semi-mangrove plant, selecting a nutrition bag seedling with the plant height of 120-150 cm; the coastal salt-tolerant garden plants are selected from Ma Saussureae, Tsingtaea kuntze, Pandanus dersoniana, Hibiscus harsii, Simpleleaf chastetree, Longboat flower and the like, and the plant height is 30-50 cm;
5) the row spacing of the plants of Kandelia candel, Kalopanax pictus nakai, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza is 0.5m × 0.5m, the row spacing of the plants of Morus alba L and Morus valvata L is 1.0m × 1.0m, and 3-4 kinds of strip-shaped or block-shaped mixed plants are crossed; planting the semi-mangrove plant in strip mode with the plant row spacing of 1.0m multiplied by 0.5 m; the row spacing of the plants of the coastal salt-tolerant garden plants is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5 m.
This stereoplasm dykes and dams are demolishd in river course, adopt ladder wetland topography design, increased the biggest water yield of section, strengthened the flood discharge function in river course. The planting of mangrove plants on the river bank builds various river channel habitats and rich river channel vegetation communities; not only the diversity of plant species is increased, but also the number and the types of animals such as birds, fishes and the like are obviously increased; the monitoring result shows that the number of birds reaches 1580 in 2019, and the number of bird species is increased from 82 to 115. The water quality monitoring results in 6-9 months in 2019 show that the water quality reaches the IV-class standard, and the values of various water quality pollution indexes, particularly the values of ammonia nitrogen and COD (chemical oxygen demand) are obviously reduced compared with the poor V-class before engineering (5 months in 2019), which indicates that the purification function of the mangrove wetland has a certain contribution rate. Specific data can be seen in fig. 1, wherein fig. 1 is a water quality comparison graph of example 1.
Example two
The location of a certain project is located on the east bank of the bead triangle, the whole length of the river is about 15km, and the length of the project area is 3.9 km. Belongs to a southern subtropical marine monsoon climate area, is mild and moist, has an average annual temperature of 21.8 ℃ and an average annual rainfall of 1980mm, and is influenced by typhoon, storm surge, red tide and the like. In the past 20 years, with the development and construction of cities, the natural ecological environment along both sides of rivers is seriously damaged, and the original mangrove forest is completely lost.
The river course is a dry stone (hard) river bank, the number of sewage outlets on two sides of the river course is up to 18, domestic sewage is directly discharged or a rain and sewage outlet is provided to be mixed and discharged into the river course, and the water body is black and smelly. Through sampling monitoring analysis, the water quality is poor V-class water (monitoring data before the project of 10 months in 2017), particularly ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen exceed the standard seriously (pH 7.19, COD)Cr 67.4mg/L，BOD5 21.9mg/L，NH4 +-N 9.5mg/L，TP 0.42mg/L)。
Before the project is implemented, the current situation of the river is as follows: the water quality of the water body is poor, sewage is directly introduced into a river, the water body is black and smelly, and partial water quality indexes exceed the standard seriously; the ecological landscape is poor, the river channel is mostly a hard bank slope, the bank line is rigid, and the city and the river channel are isolated by the bank wall; the ecological environment is poor, the self-cleaning capacity of the water body is weak, the water environment capacity is low, and the biological diversity is lost.
Aiming at the river channel, the following steps are adopted:
1) and mechanically breaking the grouted rubble river levee, and protecting the bank at the removed artificial bank by using a gabion retaining wall. The water surface/upper part of the ground of the gabion retaining wall is a galvanized steel mesh with the aperture of 100 multiplied by 100mm and the wire diameter phi 5, and volcanic rocks with the diameter of 150-250mm are filled in the galvanized steel mesh; the foundation adopts a cast-in-place concrete foundation. The gabion retaining wall is provided with a permeable retaining wall, the water outlet surface of the permeable retaining wall is about 1.0-2.0m in height, the water inlet depth is about 0.3-0.5m, the river mud inlet depth is not lower than 0.5m, and the top width is 0.5 m;
2) a pine pile with the length of 4m is driven into a river bed with the distance of 2m from the bank on the inner side of the gabion retaining wall, one end of the pine pile is sharpened, bottom mud is vertically driven downwards into the upper part of the pine pile by an excavator for 2.5m, the ground is reserved with the height of 1.5m, the inner side of the pine pile is protected by a moso bamboo sheet fence, the length of the fence sheet is 150cm, the width of the fence sheet is 50cm, the size of a fence grid is 5 multiplied by 5cm, then soil mixed with the river bed bottom mud is filled into an area enclosed by the pine pile and the bank, and the beach surface is ensured to be higher than the average tide level line;
3) step-shaped slopes are formed on the two banks with wide river channel sections, low flow speed and slope extension according to terrains, the gradient is 1:2.5, the width of each step in the step-shaped slopes is 1.2-1.5 m, the height of each step in the step-shaped slopes is 0.5m, the real mangrove plants are planted at the positions with low water terrain (above the average tide level line), and the semi-mangrove plants and coastal salt-tolerant garden plants are planted at the positions with high terrain (above the average high tide level line);
4) the mangrove plant is selected from Kandelia candel, radix Brugiae Obliquae, Aegiceras corniculatum, Acanthus ilicifolius, halogenated fern, Prunus oleaefolia, and Morus alba; the semi-mangrove plant is selected from the group consisting of Lacca, Pongamia pinnata, Tremella, and Citrus aurantium fruit; selecting the coastal salt-tolerant garden plants from macadamia, Pandanus macrophylla, Maesalpinia japonica, Hibiscus maritima and Simpleleaf chastetree fruit;
5) the row spacing of slow-growing real mangrove plants is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, the row spacing of fast-growing real mangrove plants is 1.0m multiplied by 1.0m, and 3-4 kinds of strip-shaped or block-shaped plants are mixed; planting the semi-mangrove plants at row spacing of 1.0m multiplied by 0.5m in strips; the row spacing of the coastal salt-tolerant garden plants is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5 m.
The hard dam is dismantled in the river channel, and a step wetland topographic design is adopted, so that the maximum water passing amount of the section is increased, and the flood function is enhanced; the vegetation restoration of the river bank not only enriches the diversity of plants, but also provides a habitat for birds. The planting of mangrove plants on the river bank builds various river channel habitats and rich river channel vegetation communities; obviously increases the diversity of animal and plant species. The water quality monitoring result in 6 months in 2020 shows that the water quality reaches the V-type standard (pH 7.24, COD)Cr 40.5mg/L，BOD56.2mg/L，NH4 +-N2.6 mg/L, TP 0.21mg/L), compared with the poor V class before engineering (10 months in 2017), the values of various water quality pollution indexes are obviously reduced, which shows that the mangrove wetland also has a certain water body purification function besides dredging measures.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for carrying out hardened riparian ecological restoration by mangrove plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) on a vertical bank slope with a narrow river channel section and a high flow rate, removing concrete hard banks on two sides of the river channel, and protecting the banks at the removed hard river banks by adopting a gabion retaining wall;
2) driving closely-arranged pine piles into a river bed which is 2-3m away from the bank on the inner side of the gabion retaining wall, laying geotextile in an area enclosed by the pine piles and the bank, and filling soil mixed by soil replacement and dredged sediment to form a first beach face on which mangrove plants can be planted;
3) forming a step-shaped slope surface according to topography at a river section with a wider cross section and a slower flow rate;
4) planting real mangrove plants on the first beach face;
5) and planting real mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants on the stepped slope from the side close to water to the side close to the bank in sequence, wherein the height of the slope where the real mangrove plants are planted is not lower than the average tide line, and the height of the slope where the semi-mangrove plants are planted is not lower than the average high tide line.
2. The method for ecologically restoring the hardened river bank by utilizing mangrove forest plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the gabion retaining wall is 2-3m, the gabion retaining wall is built by adopting corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant net cages, adjacent net cages are bound and connected by steel wires, and at least one of block stones, pebbles and gravels with the particle size of 150-250mm is filled in the net cages.
3. The method for ecologically restoring hardened river banks by using mangrove forest plants as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 2), pine stumps are driven vertically downwards into the bottom mud by using heavy machinery, wherein the depth of the pine stumps penetrating into the bottom mud is not less than 60% of the length of the pine stumps.
4. The method for ecologically restoring the hardened river bank by using the mangrove forest plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the gradient of the step-shaped slope surface is 1:3, the width of each step in the step-shaped slope surface is 1.5-2.0 m, and the height difference between adjacent steps in the step-shaped slope surface is 0.5 m.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of Maackia amurensis, Aleurites mollissima, Pandanus reevesii, and Hibiscus hamabo is planted on the top of the embankment on the slope.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein the mangrove plant is at least one of Kandelia candel, Kalopanax pictus, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Morus alba and Morus amabilis; the Hemerocallis plant can be at least one of Tremella, cortex Phellodendri, fructus Citri Limoniae, hibiscus and poplar and shrubalthea.
7. The method for ecologically restoring hardened river banks by utilizing mangrove forest plants according to claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the semi-mangrove plants are planted in the form of strips, and the row spacing of the semi-mangrove plants is 1.0m x 1.0 m; the real mangrove plant adopts the mixed planting of 2 to 3 tree species in a strip shape or a block shape, wherein, the row spacing of the fast-growing tree species in the real mangrove plant is 1.0m multiplied by 1.0m to 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m, and the row spacing of the slow-growing tree species in the real mangrove plant is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m to 0.5m multiplied by 1.0 m.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the soil coverage is not higher than 10cm above the upper surface of the nursery stock nutrition bag when the real mangrove plants, the semi-mangrove plants and the coastal salt-tolerant garden plants are planted.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein a protective net is installed around the planting area of the real mangrove plants, and the height of the protective net is higher than the average high tide line.
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